FOOTNOTES:

Academy della Crusca, The. (Frag.), 572Adulteration of Butter with Glucose. (Frag.), 570Allen, Grant. The Season of the Year, 230America, Middle. Was it Peopled from Asia? E. S. Morse, 1Animals' Bites. (Frag.), 430Anthropology. Decorated Skulls and the Power ascribed to them (Frag.), 570Anthro"pology.Estrays from Civilization. (Frag.), 573Anthro"pology.Huichol Indians of Jalisco. (Frag.), 574Anthro"pology.Lessons of. (Table), 411Anthro"pology.Pre-Columbian Musical Instruments. E. S. Morse*, 712Anthro"pology.Superstitions, Aboriginal, about Bones. (Frag.), 572Anthro"pology.Superstition and Crime. E. P. Evans, 206Archæology. Earliest Writing in France. G. de Mortillet, 546Archæ"ology.Lake Dwelling, A Neolithic,856Archæ"ology.Stone Age in Egypt. J. de Morgan, 202Architectural Forms in Nature. S. Dellenbaugh*, 63Astronomical Photographs, A Library of. (Frag.), 717Astronomy. Bombardment, The Great. C. F. Holder*, 506Atkinson, E. Wheat-growing Capacity of the United States, 145Atki"nson," The Wheat Problem again,759Atlantic Slope, The. (Frag.),858Bactrian Camel for the Klondike. (Frag.), 136Barr, M. W. Mental Defectives and the Social Welfare*,746Bede, Chair of the Venerable. (Frag.), 283Bees, Burrowing, The Nests of. (Frag.),860Bering Sea Controversy and the Scientific Expert. G. A. Clark, 654Biological Survey, The United States. (Frag.),856Blackford, Charles Minor, Jr. Soils and Fertilizers, 392Blake, I. W. Our Florida Alligator*, 330Bombardment, The Great. C. F. Holder*, 506Books Noticed, 126, 274, 415, 559, 704,845Agriculture. Michigan Board, Thirty-fifth Annual Report of, 423.Alexander, A. Theories of the Will in the History of Philosophy, 566.Andrews, C. M. The Historical Development of Modern Europe, 126.Anthropology. Indians of Northern British Columbia, Facial Paintings of. F. Boas, 710.Archæology, Introduction to the Study of North American. C. Thomas, 420.Arthur and Trembly. Living Plants and their Properties, 564.Astronomy, A Text-Book of Geodetic. J. F. Hayford, 129.— Corona and Coronet. M. L. Todd, 418.— Earth and Sky, The. E. S. Holden,850.— Tides, The. G. H. Darwin, 705.Bailey, L. H. Evolution of our Native Fruits, 704.Baldwin, J. M. The Story of the Mind, 565.Barnes, C. R. Form and Function of Plant Life, 277.Barra, Eduardo de la. Literature arcaica, 280.Beauchamp, W. M. Polished-Stone Articles used by New York Aborigines before and during European Occupation, 279.Beddard, F. E. Elementary Zoölogy, 706.Béker, G. A. Rrimas, 280.Binet, Alfred. L'Année Psychologique, 129.Björling, P. R. Mechanical Engineer's Pocketbook, 132.Boas, Franz. Facial Paintings of the Indians of Northern British Columbia, 710.Bolton, H. C. Catalogue of Scientific and Technical Periodicals (1665-1895), 566.Botany. Familiar Life in Field and Forest. F. S. Mathews, 418.— Fossil Plants. A. C. Seward, 127.— Fruits, The Evolution of our Native. L. H. Bailey, 704.— Function and Forms of Plant Life. C. R. Barnes, 277.— Les Végétaux et les Milieux Cosmiques, 132.— Living Plants and their Properties. Arthur and Trembly, 564.— Practical Plant Physiology, 128.Brain Weight, Indexes of. McCurdy and Mohyliansky, 709.Brush, George J. Manual of Determinative Mineralogy, 707.Butler, Amos W. The Birds of Indiana, 422.Carus-Wilson, C. A. Electro-Dynamics, 277.Catalogue of Scientific and Technical Periodicals (1665-1895). H. C. Bolton, 566.Chemical Analysis, Manual of. G. S. Newth, 708.Chemistry. Inorganic according to the Periodic Law. Venable and Howe, 567.— Qualitative Analysis. E. A. Congdon, 567.— Short Manual of Analytical. John Muter, 419.Clark, William J. Commercial Cuba, 564.Conant, F. S. Biographical Pamphlet, 132.Congdon, E. A. Brief Course in Qualitative Analysis, 567.Cornelius, Hans. Psychologie als Erfahrungs-wissenschaft,850.Costantin, M. J. Les Végétaux et les Milieux Cosmiques, 132.Creighton, J. E. An Introductory Logic, 706.Crook, J. W. History of German Wage Theories, 708.Cuba, Commercial. William J. Clark, 564.Dana, E. S. Text-Book of Mineralogy,848.Dana, James D. Revised Text-Book of Geology, 418.Darwin, George Howard. The Tides, 705.Davis, H. S. Star Catalogues, 280.Day, D. T. Mineral Resources of the United States,852.Detmer, W. Practical Plant Physiology, 128.Drey, Sylvan. A Theory of Life, 280.Earthquakes of the Pacific Coast. E. S. Holden,850.Economics. Commercial Cuba. William J. Clark, 564.— German Wage Theories, History of. J. W. Crook, 708.— Public Administration in Massachusetts. R. H. Whitten, 422.Education. Greek Prose. H. C. Pearson, 708.— Handbook of Nature Study for Elementary Schools, 130.— Harold's Rambles. J. W. Troeger, 567.— On a Farm. N. L. Helm, 423.— United States Commissioner's Report for 1896-'97,852.Electricity. Electro-Dynamics. C. A. Carus-Wilson, 277.— Industrial. A. G. Elliott, 132.— The Discharge of, through Gases. J. J. Thomson, 565.— The Storage Battery. A. Treadwell, 421.Elliott, A. G. Industrial Electricity, 132.Engineering. Mechanical Engineer's Pocketbook, 132.Ethnology. Explorations in Honduras. G. B. Gordon, 133.Forestry. American Woods. R. B. Hough, 276.— Conditions in Wisconsin. F. Noth, 709.Geikie, James. Earth Sculpture,845.Geography. Natural Advanced. Redway and Hinman, 421.— Philippine Islands and their People. D. C. Worcester, 415.— Physical, of New Jersey. R. D. Salisbury, 422.Geological Bulletin, Part II, Vol. III, of the University of Upsala, 280.Geological Survey of Kansas. Vol. IV. S. W. Williston, 709.Geology. Earth Sculpture. James Geikie,845.— Indiana, Twenty-second Annual Report of Department of,852.— Indian Territory, Reconnaissance of Coal Fields of. N. F. Drake,852.— Iowa Survey. Eighth volume,851.— Mineralogy, Manual of Determinative, 707.— Mineralogy, Text-Book of. E. S. Dana,848.— Mineral Resources of the United States. D. T. Day,852.— New Jersey State Report for 1897,851.— Panama, Geological History of the Isthmus of. R. T. Hill,851.— Text-Book of. J. D. Dana, 418.Giddings, Franklin H. Elements of Sociology, 559.Goldman, Henry. The Arithmetician, 279.Goode, G. B. Report of United States National Museum for 1895, 710.Gordon, G. B. Ethnological Explorations in Honduras, 133.Groos, Karl. The Play of Animals, 274.Harris, Edith D. Story of Rob Roy, 709.Hayford, J. P. Text-Book of Geodetic Astronomy, 129.Helm, Nellie Lathrop. On a Farm, 423.Hill, R. T. Geological History of the Isthmus of Panama,851.History. Commune, The. Lissagaray. Translated by E. M. Aveling, 423.— Europe, The Historical Development of Modern. C. M. Andrews, 126.— Napoleon III and his Court. Imbert de Saint-Amand, 422.— Reader for Elementary Schools. L. L. W. Wilson,853.— Spanish Literature. J. Fitzmaurice-Kelly, 275.Hoffman, F. S. The Sphere of Science, 128.Holden, E. S. Earthquakes of the Pacific Coast, 1769-1897,850.— The Earth and Sky,850.Holyoake, G. J. Jubilee History of the Leeds Co-operative Society,849.Hough, R. B. American Woods, 276.Iowa State University Bulletin, Vol. IV, No. 3, 279.James, William. Human Immortality, 708.Jayne, Horace. The Mammalian Anatomy of the Cat, 278.Jordan, D. S. Lest we Forget, 568.Keyser, L. S. News from the Birds, 567.Lambert, R. A. Differential and Integral Calculus, 421.Lange, D. Handbook of Nature Study for Elementary Schools, 130.Lantern Land, In. (Monthly.) Allen and Carleton, 708.Le Bon, Gustave. The Psychology of Peoples,847.Leeds Industrial Co-operative Society, Jubilee History of. G. J. Holyoake,849.Library Bulletin, No. 9, New York State, 133.Lissagaray. History of the Commune. Translated by E. M. Aveling, 423.Logic, An Introductory. J. E. Creighton, 706.Lyte, E. O. Elementary English, 279.McConachie, L. G. Congressional Committees, 131.Mathematics. Differential and Integral Calculus. R. A. Lambert, 421.— Infinitesimal Analysis. William B. Smith,849.— Lectures on the Geometry of Position. T. R. Reye. Translated.Mathews, F. Schuyler. Familiar Life in Field and Forest, 418.Maurice-Kelly, James Fitz. History of Spanish Literature, 275.Meteorology. Wind Deposits, Mechanical Composition of. J. A. Udden,853.Mills, Wesley. Nature and Development of Animal Intelligence, 562.Mivart, St. George. The Groundwork of Science, 563.Music, A Short Course in. Ripley and Tupper, 133.Muter, John. Manual of Analytical Chemistry, 419.Natural History. Animal Intelligence, Nature and Development of. Wesley Mills, 562.— Birds, News from the. L. S. Keyser, 567.— Birds of Indiana, 422.— Four-footed Americans and their Kin. M. O. Wright, 563.— Solitary Wasps, Habits of. G. W. and E. P. Peckham,851.— Taxidermy, The Art of. John Rowley, 420.— Wild Animals I have Known. E. S. Thompson, 417.Newth, G. S. Manual of Chemical Analysis, 708.Ornithology. How to Name the Birds. H. E. Parkhurst, 131.Overton, Frank. Physiology, Applied, 277.— Physiology for Advanced Grades, 566.Paleontology. Fossil Plants. A. C. Seward, 127.Parkhurst, H. E. How to Name the Birds, 131.Pearson, H. C. Greek Prose, 708.Peckham, G. W. and E. P. Habits of the Solitary Wasps,851.Philosophy. Immortality, Human. William James, 708.Physiology, Applied. Frank Overton, 277.— Applied, for Advanced Grades. F. Overton, 566.Psychology. Child, The Study of the. A. R. Taylor, 564.— L'Année Psychologique, 129.— Mind, The Story of the. J. M. Baldwin, 565.— of Peoples. G. Le Bon,847.— Play of Animals, The. Karl Groos, 274.— Psychologie als Erfahrungs-wissenschaft. Hans Cornelius,850.— Will, Theories of the, in the History of Philosophy. A. Alexander, 566.Quinn, D. A. Stenotypy. Second edition, 279.Redway, J. W., and Hinman K. Natural Advanced Geography, 421.Reye, Theodor R. Lectures on the Geometry of Position. Translated, 419.Rice, W., and Eastman Barrett. Under the Stars, and Other Verses, 134.Richter, J. P. F. Selections from the Works of, 279.Ripley, F. H., and Tupper, T. A Short Course in Music, 133.Rollin, H. J. Yetta Ségal, 278.Rowley, John. The Art of Taxidermy, 420.Saint-Amand, Imbert de. Napoleon III and his Court, 422.Salisbury, Rollin D. Physical Geography of New Jersey, 422.Science, Groundwork of, The. St. George Mivart, 563.— Sphere of. F. S. Hoffman, 128.Seward, A. C. Fossil Plants, 127.Smith, William B. Infinitesimal Analysis,849.Sociology. Congressional Committees. L. G. McConachie, 131.— Currency Problems of the United States in 1897-'98. A. B. Stickney, 133.— Elements of. F. H. Giddings, 559.— The State. W. Wilson, 130.— Workers, The. W. A. Wyckoff, 707.Stickney, A. B. Currency Problem of the United States in 1897-'98, 133.Still, A. Alternating Currents and the Theory of Transformers, 133.Story of the Railroad, The. Cy Warman,848.Taylor, A. R. The Study of the Child, 564.Thomas, C. Introduction to North American Archæology, 129.Thompson, Ernest Seton. Wild Animals I have Known, 417.Thomson, J. J. The Discharge of Electricity through Gases, 565.Todd, Mabel L. Corona and Coronet, 418.Treadwell, Augustus. The Storage Battery, 421.Troeger, John W. Harold's Rambles, 567.Udden, J. A. Mechanical Composition of Wind Deposits,853.United States National Museum, Report of, for 1895, 710.Venable and Howe. Inorganic Chemistry according to the Periodic Law, 567.Waring, George E., Jr. Street-Cleaning Methods in European Cities, 131.Warman, Cy. Story of the Railroad,848.Whitten, Robert H. Public Administration in Massachusetts, 422.Wilson, L. L. W. History Reader, for Elementary Schools,853.Wilson, Woodrow. The State, 130.Winter, H. L. Notes on Criminal Anthropology, 280.Worcester, Dean C. The Philippine Islands and their People, 415.Wright, Mabel Osgood. Four-footed Americans and their Kin, 563.Wyckoff, W. A. The Workers, 707.Zoölogy, Elementary. E. E. Beddard, 706.Botany. English Names for Plants. (Frag.), 428Bot"any.Forest Planting on the Plains. (Frag.), 718Bot"any.Light and Vegetation. D. T. MacDougall, 193Bot"any.Plant Characters, Changes in. (Frag.), 286Bot"any.Poisonous Plants. (Frag.),855Bot"any.Seeds, Dispersal of. (Frag.), 715Boyer, M. J. Sketch of Clémence Royer. (With Portrait), 690Brain Weights and Intellectual Capacity. J. Simms, 243Brooks, William Keith. Mivart's Groundwork of Science, 450Bullen, Frank T. Life on a South Sea Whaler,818Canada, The Interior of. (Frag.), 141Catbird, The Coming of the. S. Trotter,772Causses of Southern France, The. (Frag.), 138Cereals in the United States. Distribution of. (Frag.),859Clarke, F. W. Sketch. (With Portrait), 110Clark, George A. The Scientific Expert and the Bering Sea Controversy, 654Climatic Evolution, Laws of. (Frag.),855Collier, J. The Evolution of Colonies, 52, 289, 577Colonies, The Evolution of. J. Collier, 52, 289, 577Commensals. (Frag.), 716Cooking Schools in Philadelphia. (Frag.), 428Cordillera Region of Canada. (Frag.), 283Cram, W. E. Concerning Weasels*,786Criminology. California Penal System. C. H. Shinn*, 644Cuba, The Climate of. (Frag.), 426Curious Habit, Origin of a. (Frag.), 286Dastre, M. Iron in the Living Body,807Dawson, E. R. The Torrents of Switzerland, 46Death Gulch, a Natural Bear-Trap. T. A. Jaggar*, 475Decorated Skulls and the Power ascribed to them. (Frag.), 570Dellenbaugh, F. S. Architectural Forms in Nature*, 63Dodge, C. R. Possible Fiber Industries of the United States*, 15Dorsey, George A. Up the Skeena River*, 181D Q, The New Planet. (Frag.), 426Dream and Reality. M. C. Melinand, 96Dr"eam"Rea"lity.(Table), 103Dreams, The Stuff of. Havelock Ellis,721Dresslar, F. B. Guessing as Influenced by Number Preferences,781Dutch Charity, A Practical. J. H. Gore, 103Earliest Writing in France, The. G. de Mortillet, 542Earthquakes, Modern Studies of. George Geraland, 362Economics. Cereals, Distribution of, in the United States,859Econo"mics.Conquest, The Spirit of. J. Novicow, 518Econo"mics.Gold, Marvelous Increase in Production of. A. E. Outerbridge, Jr., 635Econo"mics.Wheat-growing Capacity of the United States. E. Atkinson, 145Econo"mics.Wheat Problem, The. E. Atkinson,759Education and Evolution. (Smith.) (Corr.), 554Educ"ationand Evolution. (Table), 269Educ"ationGerman School Journeys. (Frag.), 573Educ"ationHistory of Scientific Instruction. J. N. Lockyer, 372, 529Educ"ationNature Study in the Philadelphia Normal School. L. L. W. Wilson, 313Educ"ationPlaygrounds of Rural and Suburban Schools. L. G. Oakley, 176Educ"ationScience and Culture. (Table),842Educ"ationScience in. Sir A. Geikie, 672Educ"ationSeries Method, The. A Comparison. Charlotte Taylor, 537Educ"ationShould Children under Ten learn to Read and Write? G. T. W. Patrick, 382Educ"ationThe Goal of. (Table), 118Electricity. The Nernst Electric Lamp. (Frag.),854Ellis, Havelock. The Stuff that Dreams are made of,721Emerson and Evolution. (Alexander.) (Corr.), 555Eme"rson"Evol"ution.(Table), 558Estrays from Civilization. (Frag.), 573Ethnology. Was Middle America Peopled from Asia? E. S. Morse, 1Evans, E. P. Superstition and Crime, 206Evolution and Education. (Smith.) (Corr.), 554Evol"utionand Education. (Table), 269Evol"utionExtra Organic Factors of. (Frag.), 427Evol"utionof Pleasure Gardens. (Frag.), 717Evol"utionSocial. What is it? Herbert Spencer, 35Evol"utionSurvival of the Fittest. (Table),844Fads and Frauds. (Table), 701Fiber Industries of the United States. C. R. Dodge*, 15Florida Alligator, Our. I. W. Blake*, 330Ford, R. Clyde. The Malay Language,813Forest Planting on the Plains. (Frag.), 718Fossils as Criterions of Geological Ages. (Frag.), 427Foundation, A Borrowed. (Table), 273French Science, Two Gifts to. M. H. de Parville*, 81Galax and its Affinities. (Frag.), 571Geikie, Sir A. Science in Education, 672Geography. Atlantic Slope, The. (Frag.),858Geogr"aphy.West Indies, Physical, of. F. L. Oswald,802Geological Romance, A. J. A. Udden*, 222Geology. Death Gulch, a Natural Bear-Trap. T. A. Jaggar*, 475Geol"ogy.Glacial, in America. D. S. Martin, 356Geol"ogy.Siamese Geological Theory, A. (Frag.), 718Geraland, George. Modern Studies of Earthquakes, 362German School Journeys. (Frag.), 573Glacial Geology in America. D. S. Martin, 356Glaciation and Carbonic Acid. (Frag.), 135Gold, Marvelous Increase in Production of. A. E. Outerbridge, Jr., 635Gore, J. H. A Practical Dutch Charity, 103Guessing as Influenced by Number Preferences. F. B. Dresslar,781Hanging an Elephant. (Frag.), 286Herrings at Dinner. (Frag.), 574Hitchcock, Charles H., Sketch of*, 260Holder, C. F. The Great Bombardment*, 506Huichol Indians of Jalisco. (Frag.), 574Huxley Lecture, The. (Frag.), 425Hygiene. Rebreathed Air as a Poison. (Frag.), 714Hygi"ene.Throat and Ear, Care of the. W. Scheppegrell,791Ide, Mrs. G. E. Shall we Teach our Daughters the Value of Money?, 686Indian Idea of the "Midmost Self." (Frag.), 136Ireland, W. Alleyn. The Labor Problem in the Tropics, 481Iron in the Living Body. M. Dastre,807Iztaccihuatl (the White Lady Mountain). (Frag.), 569Jaggar, T. A. Death Gulch, a Natural Bear-Trap*, 475Jastrow, Joseph. The Mind's Eye*, 289Jordan, D. S. True Tales of Birds and Beasts, 352Kekulé, Friedrich August. Sketch. (With Portrait), 401Labor Problem in the Tropics. W. A. Ireland, 481Lake Dwelling, A Neolithic. (Frag.),856Light and Vegetation. D. T. MacDougall, 193Lockyer, J. N. A Short History of Scientific Instruction, 372, 529MacDougall. Light and Vegetation, 193Malay Language. R. C. Ford,813Martel, M. E. A. Speleology, or Cave Exploration, 255Martin, D. S. Glacial Geology in America, 356Melinand, M. C. Dream and Reality, 96Mental Defectives and the Social Welfare. M. W. Barr*,746Meteorology, Climatic Evolution, Laws of,855Meteor"ology,Sahara, Winds of. (Frag.), 717Miles, Manly, Sketch of. (With Portrait),834Mind's Eye, The. Joseph Jastrow*, 289Missouri Botanical Garden, Additions to. (Frag.), 135Molecular Asymmetry and Life. (Frag.), 139Mongoose in Jamaica, The. C. W. Willis*, 86Moon and the Weather, The. G. J. Varney. (Corr.), 118Morgan, J. de. Stone Age in Egypt, 202Morse, E. S. Pre-Columbian Musical Instruments.* (Frag.), 712Mo"rse E". S.Was Middle America Peopled from Asia?, 1Mortillet, Gabriel de, Sketch of. (With Portrait), 546Mor"tillet, G"abriel" The Earliest Writing in France, 542Names, Technical and Popular. (Frag.), 285Naples Aquarium, The. (School for the Study of Life under the Sea.) E. H. Patterson, 668Natural History. Catbird, The Coming of the. S. Trotter,772Nat"ural h"istoryCommensals. (Frag.), 716Nat"ural h"istoryHerrings at Dinner. (Frag.), 574Nat"ural h"istoryOrigin of a Curious Habit. (Frag.), 286Nat"ural h"istorySchool for the Study of Life under the Sea. E. H. Patterson, 668Nat"ural h"istoryScorpion, My Pet. Norman Robinson*, 605Nat"ural h"istoryWeasels. W. E. Cram*,786Natural Selection and Fortuitous Variation. (Frag.), 141Nature Study in the Philadelphia Normal School. L. L. W. Wilson, 313Nernst Electric Lamp, The. (Frag.),854Neufeld, Dr. (Frag.), 140Nicaragua and its Ferns. (Frag.), 137Nontoxic Matches, The French. (Frag.),857Novicow, J. The Spirit of Conquest, 518Oakley, Isabella G. Playgrounds of Rural and Suburban Schools, 176Observation, The Science of. C. L. Whittle*, 456Ocean Currents, Drift of. (Frag.), 716Oswald, F. L. Physical Geography of the West Indies,802Outerbridge, A. E., Jr. Marvelous Increase in Production of Gold, 635Parville, M. H. de. Two Gifts to French Science*, 81Patrick, G. T. W. Should Children under Ten learn to Read and Write?, 382Patterson, Eleanor H. A School for the Study of Life under the Sea, 668Pearls, American Fresh-Water. (Frag.),859Pedigree Photographs. (Frag.), 428Physics. Utilization of Wave Power. (Frag.), 715Physiology. Iron in the Living Body. M. Dastre,807Plant Characters, Changes in. (Frag.), 286Plant Names, English. (Frag.), 428Playgrounds of Rural and Suburban Schools. Isabella G. Oakley, 163Pleasure Gardens, Evolution of. (Frag.), 717Plumandon, J. R. The Cause of Rain, 89Poisonous Plants. (Frag.),855Portland Cement. (Frag.),856Potteries, Doulton. (Frag.), 430Pre-Columbian Musical Instruments. E. S. Morse*, 712Psychology. Dreams. Havelock Ellis,721Psych"ology.Guessing as Influenced by Number Preferences. F. B. Dresslar,781Pulpit, A Voice from the. (Table), 409Rabies Bacillus, The. (Frag.), 284Racial Geography of Europe. W. Z. Ripley, 163, 338, 614Rain, The Cause of. J. R. Plumandon, 89Rebreathed Air as a Poison. (Frag.), 714Ripley, W. Z. Racial Geography of Europe, 163, 338, 614Robinson, Norman. My Pet Scorpion*, 605Royer, Clémence, Sketch of. (With Portrait.) M. J. Boyer, 690Russell's Photographic Researches. (Frag.), 139Saghalin, The Island of. (Frag.), 285St. Kildans, The. (Frag.), 284Scheppegrell, W. Care of the Throat and Ear,791Science, A Doubtful Appendix to. (Table), 120Sci"ence,and Culture. (Table),842Sci"ence,Christian. The New Superstition. (Table), 557Sci"ence,Education in. (Words of a Master.) (Table), 699Sci"ence,Mivart's Groundwork of. W. K. Brooks, 450Sci"ence,The Advance of. (Table), 415Scientific Instruction, A Short History of. J. N. Lockyer, 372, 529Scorpion, My Pet. Norman Robinson*, 605Seasons of the Year, The. Grant Allen, 230Seeds, Dispersal of. (Frag.), 715Series Method, The. A Comparison. Charlotte Taylor, 537Shinn, Charles Howard. The California Penal System*, 644Siamese Geological Theory, A. (Frag.), 718Silkworm Gut, Spanish. (Frag.),860Simms, Joseph. Brain Weights and Intellectual Capacity, 243Skeena River, Up the. George A. Dorsey*, 181Smell, The Physics of. (Frag.), 283Smith, Franklin. Politics as a Form of Civil War, 588Smith, Stephen. Vegetation a Remedy for the Summer Heat of Cities*, 433Social Decadence, An Example of. (Table), 412Sociology. California Penal System. C. H. Shinn*, 644Socio"logy.Mental Defectives and the Social Welfare. M. W. Barr*,746Socio"logy.Politics as a Form of Civil War. F. Smith, 588Socio"logy.The Foundation of. (Giddings.) (Corr.), 553Soils and Fertilizers. C. M. Blackford, Jr., 392South Sea Whaler, Life on a. F. T. Bullen,818Spain's Decadence, The Cause of. (Table), 122Speleology, or Cave Exploration. M. E. A. Martel, 255Spencer, Herbert. What is Social Evolution?, 35Spirit of Conquest, The. J. Novicow, 518Stone Age in Egypt, The. J. de Morgan, 202Submarine Telegraphy, Early. (Frag.), 569Superstition and Crime. E. P. Evans, 206Supers"titionAboriginal, about Bones. (Frag.), 572Supers"titionThe New. (Table), 557Survival of the Fittest. (Table),844Switzerland, The Torrents of. E. B. Dawson, 46Taxation, Principles of. Hon. D. A. Wells, 319, 490,736Taylor, Charlotte. The Series Method, 537Throat and Ear, Care of the. W. Scheppegrell,791Toes in Walking, The. (Frag.), 429Trade Hunting, Scientific. (Frag.), 140Trait, A, Common to us all. (Frag.), 429Travel. Up the Skeena River. George A. Dorsey, 181Tree Planting in Arid Regions. (Frag.), 282Trees as Land Formers. (Frag.),858Trotter, Spencer. The Coming of the Catbird,772True Tales of Birds and Beasts. D. S. Jordan, 352Udden, J. A. A Geological Romance*, 222Varney, G. J. The Moon and the Weather. (Corr.), 118Vegetation a Remedy against the Summer Heat of Cities. Dr. S. Smith, 433War, The "Hell" of. (Frag.), 718Wave Length and other Measurements. (Frag.), 137Wave Power, The Utilization of. (Frag.), 715Weasels, Concerning. W. E. Cram*,786Weir, J., Jr. The Herds of the Yellow Ant*, 75Wells, David Ames, Death of. (Table), 271We"lls da"vid a"mesPrinciples of Taxation, 319, 490,736West Indies, Physical Geography of. F. L. Oswald,802Wheat-growing Capacity of the United States. E. Atkinson, 145Wheat Problem, The, again. E. Atkinson,759White Lady Mountain, The. (Frag.), 569Whittle, C. L. The Science of Observation*, 456Willis, C. W. The Mongoose in Jamaica*, 86Wilson, L. L. W. Nature Study in the Philadelphia Normal School, 313Winds of the Sahara. (Frag.), 717Words of a Master. (Table), 699Yellow Ant, The Herds of the. J. Weir, Jr.*, 75

THE END.

FOOTNOTES:[1]On Dreaming of the Dead. Psychological Review, September, 1895. In this paper I reported several cases showing the nature and evolution of dreams concerning dead friends. I have since received evidence from various friends and correspondents, scientific and unscientific, of both sexes, confirming my belief in a frequency of this type of dream. Professor Binet (L'Année Psychologique, 1896) has also furnished a case in support of my view, and is seeking for further evidence.[2]In Japan stories of the returning of the dead are very common. Lafcadio Hearn gives one as told by a Japanese which closely resembles the type of dream I am discussing. "A lover resolves to commit suicide on the grave of his sweetheart. He found her tomb and knelt before it and prayed and wept, and whispered to her that which he was about to do. And suddenly he heard her voice cry to him 'Anata!' and felt her hand upon his hand; and he turned and saw her kneeling beside him, smiling and beautiful as he remembered her, only a little pale. Then his heart leaped so that he could not speak for the wonder and the doubt and the joy of that moment. But she said: 'Do not doubt; it is really I. I am not dead. It was all a mistake. I was buried because my parents thought me dead—buried too soon. Yet you see I am not dead, not a ghost. It is I; do not doubt it!'"[3]Many saints (Saint Ida, of Louvain, for example) claimed the power of rising into the air, and one asks one's self whether this faith may not be based on dream experiences mistranslated by a disordered brain. M. Raffaelli, the eminent French painter, who is subject to these sleeping experiences of floating on the air, confesses that they are so convincing that he has jumped out of bed on awaking and attempted to repeat the experience. "I need not tell you," he adds, "that I have never been able to succeed."[4]Other pains and discomforts—toothache, for instance—may, however, give rise to dreams of murder.[5]It may be added that they also present evidence—to which attention has not, I believe, been previously called—in support of the James-Lange or physiological theory of emotion, according to which the element of bodily change in emotion is the cause and not the result of the emotion.[6]Wealth of Nations, vol. i, p. 112 (Rogers's edition).[7]Bastable. Public Finance, p. 181.[8]"The old protectionist, with the stock arguments about the influence of the tariff upon wages and all the rest of it, is beginning to die out. He told us all he had to say about the 'pauper labor' of Europe, by which he often meant the best educated and most skillful artisans of the world. We got tired of hearing about how the importer paid the tax, how it was Europe and England in particular that was all the time squeezing our lives out, till nearly all of us, being of English ancestry ourselves, wondered whether we, even, could be so good as we hoped we were, if we had sprung from something so essentially perverted and bad. We were told, too, that American tourists who went to Europe and spent money there which they ought to have squandered at home were not friends of their country, and that they did us a particularly hostile act when they brought clothing, statuary, or diamond rings back with them from foreign parts. A season of high prices was a real heaven, and wars and fires were good things because they destroyed property that would have to be replaced, and this would create that demand which, reacting on supply, would increase prices. To say that an article was cheap was to say that the political party in power was no longer worthy of public confidence. It was related that each government could make its people so rich, and the idea was thought to have been traced down from Henry C. Carey, that the rest of the world could be safely disregarded altogether."Seriously, who believes any of this stuff nowadays? The protectionist is not reckoning with such popular impotency and stupidity. He believes in his fellow-man, and wants to give him a helping hand. He does not care what effect it has on England or Ireland. He is not sure that a protective tariff in and of itself will increase the wages of the workmen. He is even inclined to think that less wages and profits would do well enough for every man, if it were cheaper to live and there were not such extravagant demands upon every person from all sides—this without being a socialist. He is certain that 'a cheap coat' does not necessarily make 'a cheap man,' but the cheaper the coat the better it will be for the wearer. That is what we are all trying to do, improve our processes, increase our effective working power, which means, if you please, to make things cheaper."—The Manufacturer(organ of the Manufacturers' Club of Philadelphia).[9]I have been permitted to review the detailed statements of the accounts of one of the great enterprises which I have called the manufacture of wheat on a large scale on various large farms, separated one from another but under one control, aggregating more than twenty thousand acres, in North Dakota. They are managed mainly from a long distance through agents and foremen, therefore at a relative disadvantage compared to a farmer owning his own land, acting as his own foreman, and saving heavily in expense. Such farmers, making no charge for their own time, are computed to have a cash advantage of one dollar an acre.A large part of this land has been cropped in wheat for twenty-four years, one farm of six thousand acres showing an average in excess of eighteen bushels per acre for the term of seventeen years. The details of the product of other farms are not given, but this may be considered a rule. Of course, this cropping can not be carried on indefinitely. The land is now being allowed to rest, and other crops, such as maize, oats, barley, millet, and timothy, are to some extent being raised in rotation, but not to the extent in which individual wheat farms are now passing into rotation, especially in Minnesota.In this enterprise the manufacture of wheat is the main purpose, but under the changed conditions on the small farms in Minnesota wheat is becoming rather the cash or excess crop in a rotation of four; at present, in North Dakota, wheat constitutes about three fourths the total product.In these accounts of this great farm are included all charges of every name and nature except what might be called the rent of land: the labor, the harvesting and thrashing, the general expense including the foreman and all other charges; the office expenses, the taxes, the insurance, and, when summer fallow is introduced, the cost of the summer fallow. Suffice it that these figures for 1898—a year of high charge for seed and one which yielded a fraction over the average in product—prove conclusively an average of all charges of less than five dollars an acre for the cost of the product. In different years under these conditions the cost of the wheat varies from a little over twenty cents to approximately thirty-five cents per bushel. The cost of oats, which are cultivated with the wheat mainly for use on the farms, ranges from ten to fifteen cents per bushel.These are facts. The pending question in this discussion is, How much land, occupied by owners but not now in use, is there in this section of the country on which similar results can be attained, with better results by individual farmers who possess mental energy and practical skill? The figures given by the chiefs of the agricultural experiment stations may rightly be taken in the solution of this question.[10]The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Prepared under the direction of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. By Witmer Stone. Philadelphia, 1894.[11]Stone. The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey.[12]See H. Le Poer. Influence of Number in Criminal Sentences. Harper's Weekly, May 14, 1896.[13]From The Cruise of the Cachalot. By Frank T. Bullen. (Illustrated.) New York: D. Appleton and Company. Pp. 379.[14]Earth Sculpture, or the Origin of Land Forms. By James Geikie. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 397. Price, $2.[15]The Psychology of Peoples. By Gustave Le Bon. New York: The Macmillan Company. Pp. 236. Price, $1.50.[16]A Text-Book of Mineralogy, with an Extended Treatise on Crystallography and Physical Mineralogy. By Edmund Salisbury Dana. New edition, entirely rewritten and enlarged. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pp. 593. $4.[17]The Story of the Railroad. By Cy Warman. New York: D. Appleton and Company (Story of the West Series). Pp. 280. Price, $1.50.[18]Infinitesimal Analysis. By William Benjamin Smith. Vol. I. Elementary; Real Variables. New York: The Macmillan Company. Pp. 352. $3.25.[19]The Jubilee History of the Leeds Industrial Co-operative Society from 1847 to 1897. Traced Year by Year. By George Jacob Holyoake. Leeds (Eng.) Central Co-operative Office. Pp. 260.

[1]On Dreaming of the Dead. Psychological Review, September, 1895. In this paper I reported several cases showing the nature and evolution of dreams concerning dead friends. I have since received evidence from various friends and correspondents, scientific and unscientific, of both sexes, confirming my belief in a frequency of this type of dream. Professor Binet (L'Année Psychologique, 1896) has also furnished a case in support of my view, and is seeking for further evidence.

[2]In Japan stories of the returning of the dead are very common. Lafcadio Hearn gives one as told by a Japanese which closely resembles the type of dream I am discussing. "A lover resolves to commit suicide on the grave of his sweetheart. He found her tomb and knelt before it and prayed and wept, and whispered to her that which he was about to do. And suddenly he heard her voice cry to him 'Anata!' and felt her hand upon his hand; and he turned and saw her kneeling beside him, smiling and beautiful as he remembered her, only a little pale. Then his heart leaped so that he could not speak for the wonder and the doubt and the joy of that moment. But she said: 'Do not doubt; it is really I. I am not dead. It was all a mistake. I was buried because my parents thought me dead—buried too soon. Yet you see I am not dead, not a ghost. It is I; do not doubt it!'"

[3]Many saints (Saint Ida, of Louvain, for example) claimed the power of rising into the air, and one asks one's self whether this faith may not be based on dream experiences mistranslated by a disordered brain. M. Raffaelli, the eminent French painter, who is subject to these sleeping experiences of floating on the air, confesses that they are so convincing that he has jumped out of bed on awaking and attempted to repeat the experience. "I need not tell you," he adds, "that I have never been able to succeed."

[4]Other pains and discomforts—toothache, for instance—may, however, give rise to dreams of murder.

[5]It may be added that they also present evidence—to which attention has not, I believe, been previously called—in support of the James-Lange or physiological theory of emotion, according to which the element of bodily change in emotion is the cause and not the result of the emotion.

[6]Wealth of Nations, vol. i, p. 112 (Rogers's edition).

[7]Bastable. Public Finance, p. 181.

[8]"The old protectionist, with the stock arguments about the influence of the tariff upon wages and all the rest of it, is beginning to die out. He told us all he had to say about the 'pauper labor' of Europe, by which he often meant the best educated and most skillful artisans of the world. We got tired of hearing about how the importer paid the tax, how it was Europe and England in particular that was all the time squeezing our lives out, till nearly all of us, being of English ancestry ourselves, wondered whether we, even, could be so good as we hoped we were, if we had sprung from something so essentially perverted and bad. We were told, too, that American tourists who went to Europe and spent money there which they ought to have squandered at home were not friends of their country, and that they did us a particularly hostile act when they brought clothing, statuary, or diamond rings back with them from foreign parts. A season of high prices was a real heaven, and wars and fires were good things because they destroyed property that would have to be replaced, and this would create that demand which, reacting on supply, would increase prices. To say that an article was cheap was to say that the political party in power was no longer worthy of public confidence. It was related that each government could make its people so rich, and the idea was thought to have been traced down from Henry C. Carey, that the rest of the world could be safely disregarded altogether."Seriously, who believes any of this stuff nowadays? The protectionist is not reckoning with such popular impotency and stupidity. He believes in his fellow-man, and wants to give him a helping hand. He does not care what effect it has on England or Ireland. He is not sure that a protective tariff in and of itself will increase the wages of the workmen. He is even inclined to think that less wages and profits would do well enough for every man, if it were cheaper to live and there were not such extravagant demands upon every person from all sides—this without being a socialist. He is certain that 'a cheap coat' does not necessarily make 'a cheap man,' but the cheaper the coat the better it will be for the wearer. That is what we are all trying to do, improve our processes, increase our effective working power, which means, if you please, to make things cheaper."—The Manufacturer(organ of the Manufacturers' Club of Philadelphia).

"Seriously, who believes any of this stuff nowadays? The protectionist is not reckoning with such popular impotency and stupidity. He believes in his fellow-man, and wants to give him a helping hand. He does not care what effect it has on England or Ireland. He is not sure that a protective tariff in and of itself will increase the wages of the workmen. He is even inclined to think that less wages and profits would do well enough for every man, if it were cheaper to live and there were not such extravagant demands upon every person from all sides—this without being a socialist. He is certain that 'a cheap coat' does not necessarily make 'a cheap man,' but the cheaper the coat the better it will be for the wearer. That is what we are all trying to do, improve our processes, increase our effective working power, which means, if you please, to make things cheaper."—The Manufacturer(organ of the Manufacturers' Club of Philadelphia).

[9]I have been permitted to review the detailed statements of the accounts of one of the great enterprises which I have called the manufacture of wheat on a large scale on various large farms, separated one from another but under one control, aggregating more than twenty thousand acres, in North Dakota. They are managed mainly from a long distance through agents and foremen, therefore at a relative disadvantage compared to a farmer owning his own land, acting as his own foreman, and saving heavily in expense. Such farmers, making no charge for their own time, are computed to have a cash advantage of one dollar an acre.A large part of this land has been cropped in wheat for twenty-four years, one farm of six thousand acres showing an average in excess of eighteen bushels per acre for the term of seventeen years. The details of the product of other farms are not given, but this may be considered a rule. Of course, this cropping can not be carried on indefinitely. The land is now being allowed to rest, and other crops, such as maize, oats, barley, millet, and timothy, are to some extent being raised in rotation, but not to the extent in which individual wheat farms are now passing into rotation, especially in Minnesota.In this enterprise the manufacture of wheat is the main purpose, but under the changed conditions on the small farms in Minnesota wheat is becoming rather the cash or excess crop in a rotation of four; at present, in North Dakota, wheat constitutes about three fourths the total product.In these accounts of this great farm are included all charges of every name and nature except what might be called the rent of land: the labor, the harvesting and thrashing, the general expense including the foreman and all other charges; the office expenses, the taxes, the insurance, and, when summer fallow is introduced, the cost of the summer fallow. Suffice it that these figures for 1898—a year of high charge for seed and one which yielded a fraction over the average in product—prove conclusively an average of all charges of less than five dollars an acre for the cost of the product. In different years under these conditions the cost of the wheat varies from a little over twenty cents to approximately thirty-five cents per bushel. The cost of oats, which are cultivated with the wheat mainly for use on the farms, ranges from ten to fifteen cents per bushel.These are facts. The pending question in this discussion is, How much land, occupied by owners but not now in use, is there in this section of the country on which similar results can be attained, with better results by individual farmers who possess mental energy and practical skill? The figures given by the chiefs of the agricultural experiment stations may rightly be taken in the solution of this question.

A large part of this land has been cropped in wheat for twenty-four years, one farm of six thousand acres showing an average in excess of eighteen bushels per acre for the term of seventeen years. The details of the product of other farms are not given, but this may be considered a rule. Of course, this cropping can not be carried on indefinitely. The land is now being allowed to rest, and other crops, such as maize, oats, barley, millet, and timothy, are to some extent being raised in rotation, but not to the extent in which individual wheat farms are now passing into rotation, especially in Minnesota.

In this enterprise the manufacture of wheat is the main purpose, but under the changed conditions on the small farms in Minnesota wheat is becoming rather the cash or excess crop in a rotation of four; at present, in North Dakota, wheat constitutes about three fourths the total product.

In these accounts of this great farm are included all charges of every name and nature except what might be called the rent of land: the labor, the harvesting and thrashing, the general expense including the foreman and all other charges; the office expenses, the taxes, the insurance, and, when summer fallow is introduced, the cost of the summer fallow. Suffice it that these figures for 1898—a year of high charge for seed and one which yielded a fraction over the average in product—prove conclusively an average of all charges of less than five dollars an acre for the cost of the product. In different years under these conditions the cost of the wheat varies from a little over twenty cents to approximately thirty-five cents per bushel. The cost of oats, which are cultivated with the wheat mainly for use on the farms, ranges from ten to fifteen cents per bushel.

These are facts. The pending question in this discussion is, How much land, occupied by owners but not now in use, is there in this section of the country on which similar results can be attained, with better results by individual farmers who possess mental energy and practical skill? The figures given by the chiefs of the agricultural experiment stations may rightly be taken in the solution of this question.

[10]The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Prepared under the direction of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. By Witmer Stone. Philadelphia, 1894.

[11]Stone. The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

[12]See H. Le Poer. Influence of Number in Criminal Sentences. Harper's Weekly, May 14, 1896.

[13]From The Cruise of the Cachalot. By Frank T. Bullen. (Illustrated.) New York: D. Appleton and Company. Pp. 379.

[14]Earth Sculpture, or the Origin of Land Forms. By James Geikie. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 397. Price, $2.

[15]The Psychology of Peoples. By Gustave Le Bon. New York: The Macmillan Company. Pp. 236. Price, $1.50.

[16]A Text-Book of Mineralogy, with an Extended Treatise on Crystallography and Physical Mineralogy. By Edmund Salisbury Dana. New edition, entirely rewritten and enlarged. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pp. 593. $4.

[17]The Story of the Railroad. By Cy Warman. New York: D. Appleton and Company (Story of the West Series). Pp. 280. Price, $1.50.

[18]Infinitesimal Analysis. By William Benjamin Smith. Vol. I. Elementary; Real Variables. New York: The Macmillan Company. Pp. 352. $3.25.

[19]The Jubilee History of the Leeds Industrial Co-operative Society from 1847 to 1897. Traced Year by Year. By George Jacob Holyoake. Leeds (Eng.) Central Co-operative Office. Pp. 260.

Back to Index Next