FOOTNOTES:[1]The Popular Science Monthly for February, 1894.[2]Report of General James Appleton to the Legislature of Maine, July 15, 1837.[3]General Appleton was commander of the First Brigade of the Second Division of Massachusetts infantry in the War of 1812-1815, his resignation dating 1828.[4]Perhaps for convenience of reference the figures heretofore found so startling may be repeated. Of 4,234 deaths collected by the British Medical Association, divided for reference into five classes—namely:a, total abstainers;b, habitually temperate;c, careless drinkers;d, free drinkers;e, habitual drunkards—the ages of death of those in each class were registered, together with the causes of death; and the average of death for each class computed with the following result:Total abstainers lived on an average51.22years;Habitually temperate lived on an average62.13"Careless drinkers lived on an average59.67"Free drinkers lived on an average57.59"Habitual drunkards lived on an average52.03"To cancel such a statement as this, some industry is required on the other side; at least a collection of 4,234 other cases. Anybody can say that a laboriously tabulated statement is false. But it requires patience to demonstrate it.[5]A New View of the Temperance Question. By Edwin Reed, Boston, 1889.[6]Einen Raketensatz im Leibe führen.[7]From over the water; or it may be derived from Ilokos, or Tagal.[8]"And all collections of rocks, minerals, soils, fossils, and objects of natural history, archæology, and ethnology, made by the Coast and Interior Survey, the Geological Survey, or by any other parties for the Government of the United States, when no longer needed for investigations in progress, shall be deposited in the National Museum...."—Supplement to the Revised Statutes of the United States, vol. i, second edition, 1874-1891, p. 252.[9]Century Magazine, vol. lv, 1897, p. 156.[10]To prevent misunderstanding, I should perhaps add that I have not neglected the anthropological aspects of the question. My paper on The Racial Characteristics of Modern Jews, which appeared in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute for 1885, contained, I believe Professor Ripley would allow, the fullest account of Jewish anthropometry collected up to that date.[11]On the Comparative Anthropometry of English Jews, in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute for 1889.[12]Babylonian Talmud, Gittin, 85a.[13]Die Natürliche Auslese beim Menschen, Jena, 1883.[14]Topinard, Éléments d'Anthropologie, 1885, p. 612.[15]Ibid., p. 568.[16]La Forma del Cervello umano e le variazioni correlative del Cranio, Siena, 1886.[17]For chemical formulæ of some of the compounds, see Ladd, Outlines of Physiological Psychology, p. 13.[18]For the opinions of investigators, as Mosso, Lombard, Maggiora, Kraeplin, and others, see Pedagogical Seminary, vol. ii, No. 1, pp. 13-17; Scripture, The New Psychology, chapter xvi; and Educational Review, vol. xv, pp. 246et seq.[19]Microcosmus, p. 162.[20]Descent of Man, p. 66.[21]Mental Evolution in Man, pp. 218et seq.[22]Darwinism, p. 469.[23]Destiny of Man in the Light of his Origin.[24]Ascent of Man.[25]Human and Animal Psychology, pp. 5-7 and 440-445.[26]For a complete statement of methods and results, see Hodge, American Journal of Psychology, vol. ii, pp. 3et seq.; and vol. iii, pp. 530et seq.[27]See Pedagogical Seminary, vol. ii, pp. 12et seq.[28]Ibid.,op. cit.[29]Cowles, Neurasthenia and its Mental Symptoms, pp. 17et seq.[30]Educational Review,op. cit.[31]Addresses and Proceedings of the National Educational Association, 1897, p. 279.[32]Cf.Warner, The Study of Children, chapters viii and ix.[33]Educational Review,op. cit.[34]Bryan, Addresses and Proceedings of the National Educational Association, 1897.[35]Pedagogical Seminary, vol. ii, pp. 20et seq.[36]Ibid.,op. cit.[37]The New Psychology, pp. 128-132.[38]The Development of Voluntary Motor Ability, p. 76.[39]Mental Faculty, pp. 76, 77.[40]The New Psychology, pp. 236-248.[41]Op. cit., p. 47.[42]See Educational Review,op. cit.; Galton, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 1888, pp. 153et seq.[43]Since this article was written extensive investigations on school-room fatigue have been made in the schools of Madison, Wis., under the writer's direction, and the general principles here mentioned have been corroborated.[44]Op. cit., pp. 47et seq.[45]Op. cit., pp. 36-117.[46]Papers in Penology, 1891, pp. 57-69;cf.Collin, also in same, pp. 27, 28; Wright, American Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, vols. ii and iii, pp. 135et seq.[47]A Measure of Mental Capacity, Popular Science Monthly, vol. xlix, p. 758.[48]Op. cit.[49]Pedagogical Seminary, vol. iii, pp. 213et seq.[50]Donaldson, The Growth of the Brain, chapters ix to xiii.[51]Cf.Sidis, The Psychology of Suggestion; and Vernon Lee and C. A. Thompson, Beauty and Ugliness, Contemporary Review, vol. lxxii, pp. 544-569 and 669-688.[52]Max West, in North American Review, May, 1897, p. 635.[53]The wordcadastrewas derived from the Latincapitastrum, or register ofcapita,griga, or units of territorial taxation into which the Roman provinces were divided for the purposes ofcapitatio terrena, or land tax. It is of modern use and is locally found in Louisiana.[54]Cohn, Science of Finance, p. 477.[55]Abbott (Chief Justice) in R.vs.The Hull Dock Company, 3 B and C, p. 525.[56]General Statutes of New Jersey, p. 3929, section 62.[57]James F. Rusling, in the New Jersey report of 1897.[58]The Theory of the Leisure Class. An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions. By Thorstein Veblen. New York: The Macmillan Company. Pp. 400. Price, $2.[59]The Federal Census. Critical Essays by Members of the American Economic Association, collected and edited by a Special Committee. Published for the American Economic Association by the Macmillan Company, New York. Pp. 516. Price, $1; cloth, $2.50.[60]Puerto Rico and its Resources. By Frederick A. Ober. New York: D. Appleton and Company. Pp. 282, with Map.[61]Footnotes to Evolution. By David Starr Jordan. With Supplementary Essays by Edwin Grant Conklin, Frank Mace McFarland, and James Perrin Smith. New York: D. Appleton and Company. Pp. 392. Price, $1.[62]Industrial Cuba. Being a Study of Present Commercial and Industrial Conditions, with Suggestions as to the Opportunities presented in the Island for American Capital, Enterprise, and Labor. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 428. Price, $3.50.[63]Ichthyologia Ohioensis: or Natural History of the Fishes inhabiting the River Ohio and its Tributary Streams. By C. S. Rafinesque. A Verbatim and Literatim Reprint of the Original, with a Sketch of the Life, the Ichthyologic Work, and the Ichthyologic Bibliography of Rafinesque. By Richard Ellsworth Call. Cleveland: The Burrows Brothers Company. Pp. 175. Price, $4.[64]Lectures on the Evolution of Plants. By Douglas Houghton Campbell. New York: The Macmillan Company. Pp. 319. Price, $1.25.[65]On the Study and Difficulties of Mathematics. By Augustus De Morgan. New edition. Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company. Pp. 288.
[1]The Popular Science Monthly for February, 1894.
[1]The Popular Science Monthly for February, 1894.
[2]Report of General James Appleton to the Legislature of Maine, July 15, 1837.
[2]Report of General James Appleton to the Legislature of Maine, July 15, 1837.
[3]General Appleton was commander of the First Brigade of the Second Division of Massachusetts infantry in the War of 1812-1815, his resignation dating 1828.
[3]General Appleton was commander of the First Brigade of the Second Division of Massachusetts infantry in the War of 1812-1815, his resignation dating 1828.
[4]Perhaps for convenience of reference the figures heretofore found so startling may be repeated. Of 4,234 deaths collected by the British Medical Association, divided for reference into five classes—namely:a, total abstainers;b, habitually temperate;c, careless drinkers;d, free drinkers;e, habitual drunkards—the ages of death of those in each class were registered, together with the causes of death; and the average of death for each class computed with the following result:Total abstainers lived on an average51.22years;Habitually temperate lived on an average62.13"Careless drinkers lived on an average59.67"Free drinkers lived on an average57.59"Habitual drunkards lived on an average52.03"To cancel such a statement as this, some industry is required on the other side; at least a collection of 4,234 other cases. Anybody can say that a laboriously tabulated statement is false. But it requires patience to demonstrate it.
[4]Perhaps for convenience of reference the figures heretofore found so startling may be repeated. Of 4,234 deaths collected by the British Medical Association, divided for reference into five classes—namely:a, total abstainers;b, habitually temperate;c, careless drinkers;d, free drinkers;e, habitual drunkards—the ages of death of those in each class were registered, together with the causes of death; and the average of death for each class computed with the following result:
Total abstainers lived on an average51.22years;Habitually temperate lived on an average62.13"Careless drinkers lived on an average59.67"Free drinkers lived on an average57.59"Habitual drunkards lived on an average52.03"
To cancel such a statement as this, some industry is required on the other side; at least a collection of 4,234 other cases. Anybody can say that a laboriously tabulated statement is false. But it requires patience to demonstrate it.
[5]A New View of the Temperance Question. By Edwin Reed, Boston, 1889.
[5]A New View of the Temperance Question. By Edwin Reed, Boston, 1889.
[6]Einen Raketensatz im Leibe führen.
[6]Einen Raketensatz im Leibe führen.
[7]From over the water; or it may be derived from Ilokos, or Tagal.
[7]From over the water; or it may be derived from Ilokos, or Tagal.
[8]"And all collections of rocks, minerals, soils, fossils, and objects of natural history, archæology, and ethnology, made by the Coast and Interior Survey, the Geological Survey, or by any other parties for the Government of the United States, when no longer needed for investigations in progress, shall be deposited in the National Museum...."—Supplement to the Revised Statutes of the United States, vol. i, second edition, 1874-1891, p. 252.
[8]"And all collections of rocks, minerals, soils, fossils, and objects of natural history, archæology, and ethnology, made by the Coast and Interior Survey, the Geological Survey, or by any other parties for the Government of the United States, when no longer needed for investigations in progress, shall be deposited in the National Museum...."—Supplement to the Revised Statutes of the United States, vol. i, second edition, 1874-1891, p. 252.
[9]Century Magazine, vol. lv, 1897, p. 156.
[9]Century Magazine, vol. lv, 1897, p. 156.
[10]To prevent misunderstanding, I should perhaps add that I have not neglected the anthropological aspects of the question. My paper on The Racial Characteristics of Modern Jews, which appeared in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute for 1885, contained, I believe Professor Ripley would allow, the fullest account of Jewish anthropometry collected up to that date.
[10]To prevent misunderstanding, I should perhaps add that I have not neglected the anthropological aspects of the question. My paper on The Racial Characteristics of Modern Jews, which appeared in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute for 1885, contained, I believe Professor Ripley would allow, the fullest account of Jewish anthropometry collected up to that date.
[11]On the Comparative Anthropometry of English Jews, in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute for 1889.
[11]On the Comparative Anthropometry of English Jews, in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute for 1889.
[12]Babylonian Talmud, Gittin, 85a.
[12]Babylonian Talmud, Gittin, 85a.
[13]Die Natürliche Auslese beim Menschen, Jena, 1883.
[13]Die Natürliche Auslese beim Menschen, Jena, 1883.
[14]Topinard, Éléments d'Anthropologie, 1885, p. 612.
[14]Topinard, Éléments d'Anthropologie, 1885, p. 612.
[15]Ibid., p. 568.
[15]Ibid., p. 568.
[16]La Forma del Cervello umano e le variazioni correlative del Cranio, Siena, 1886.
[16]La Forma del Cervello umano e le variazioni correlative del Cranio, Siena, 1886.
[17]For chemical formulæ of some of the compounds, see Ladd, Outlines of Physiological Psychology, p. 13.
[17]For chemical formulæ of some of the compounds, see Ladd, Outlines of Physiological Psychology, p. 13.
[18]For the opinions of investigators, as Mosso, Lombard, Maggiora, Kraeplin, and others, see Pedagogical Seminary, vol. ii, No. 1, pp. 13-17; Scripture, The New Psychology, chapter xvi; and Educational Review, vol. xv, pp. 246et seq.
[18]For the opinions of investigators, as Mosso, Lombard, Maggiora, Kraeplin, and others, see Pedagogical Seminary, vol. ii, No. 1, pp. 13-17; Scripture, The New Psychology, chapter xvi; and Educational Review, vol. xv, pp. 246et seq.
[19]Microcosmus, p. 162.
[19]Microcosmus, p. 162.
[20]Descent of Man, p. 66.
[20]Descent of Man, p. 66.
[21]Mental Evolution in Man, pp. 218et seq.
[21]Mental Evolution in Man, pp. 218et seq.
[22]Darwinism, p. 469.
[22]Darwinism, p. 469.
[23]Destiny of Man in the Light of his Origin.
[23]Destiny of Man in the Light of his Origin.
[24]Ascent of Man.
[24]Ascent of Man.
[25]Human and Animal Psychology, pp. 5-7 and 440-445.
[25]Human and Animal Psychology, pp. 5-7 and 440-445.
[26]For a complete statement of methods and results, see Hodge, American Journal of Psychology, vol. ii, pp. 3et seq.; and vol. iii, pp. 530et seq.
[26]For a complete statement of methods and results, see Hodge, American Journal of Psychology, vol. ii, pp. 3et seq.; and vol. iii, pp. 530et seq.
[27]See Pedagogical Seminary, vol. ii, pp. 12et seq.
[27]See Pedagogical Seminary, vol. ii, pp. 12et seq.
[28]Ibid.,op. cit.
[28]Ibid.,op. cit.
[29]Cowles, Neurasthenia and its Mental Symptoms, pp. 17et seq.
[29]Cowles, Neurasthenia and its Mental Symptoms, pp. 17et seq.
[30]Educational Review,op. cit.
[30]Educational Review,op. cit.
[31]Addresses and Proceedings of the National Educational Association, 1897, p. 279.
[31]Addresses and Proceedings of the National Educational Association, 1897, p. 279.
[32]Cf.Warner, The Study of Children, chapters viii and ix.
[32]Cf.Warner, The Study of Children, chapters viii and ix.
[33]Educational Review,op. cit.
[33]Educational Review,op. cit.
[34]Bryan, Addresses and Proceedings of the National Educational Association, 1897.
[34]Bryan, Addresses and Proceedings of the National Educational Association, 1897.
[35]Pedagogical Seminary, vol. ii, pp. 20et seq.
[35]Pedagogical Seminary, vol. ii, pp. 20et seq.
[36]Ibid.,op. cit.
[36]Ibid.,op. cit.
[37]The New Psychology, pp. 128-132.
[37]The New Psychology, pp. 128-132.
[38]The Development of Voluntary Motor Ability, p. 76.
[38]The Development of Voluntary Motor Ability, p. 76.
[39]Mental Faculty, pp. 76, 77.
[39]Mental Faculty, pp. 76, 77.
[40]The New Psychology, pp. 236-248.
[40]The New Psychology, pp. 236-248.
[41]Op. cit., p. 47.
[41]Op. cit., p. 47.
[42]See Educational Review,op. cit.; Galton, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 1888, pp. 153et seq.
[42]See Educational Review,op. cit.; Galton, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 1888, pp. 153et seq.
[43]Since this article was written extensive investigations on school-room fatigue have been made in the schools of Madison, Wis., under the writer's direction, and the general principles here mentioned have been corroborated.
[43]Since this article was written extensive investigations on school-room fatigue have been made in the schools of Madison, Wis., under the writer's direction, and the general principles here mentioned have been corroborated.
[44]Op. cit., pp. 47et seq.
[44]Op. cit., pp. 47et seq.
[45]Op. cit., pp. 36-117.
[45]Op. cit., pp. 36-117.
[46]Papers in Penology, 1891, pp. 57-69;cf.Collin, also in same, pp. 27, 28; Wright, American Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, vols. ii and iii, pp. 135et seq.
[46]Papers in Penology, 1891, pp. 57-69;cf.Collin, also in same, pp. 27, 28; Wright, American Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, vols. ii and iii, pp. 135et seq.
[47]A Measure of Mental Capacity, Popular Science Monthly, vol. xlix, p. 758.
[47]A Measure of Mental Capacity, Popular Science Monthly, vol. xlix, p. 758.
[48]Op. cit.
[48]Op. cit.
[49]Pedagogical Seminary, vol. iii, pp. 213et seq.
[49]Pedagogical Seminary, vol. iii, pp. 213et seq.
[50]Donaldson, The Growth of the Brain, chapters ix to xiii.
[50]Donaldson, The Growth of the Brain, chapters ix to xiii.
[51]Cf.Sidis, The Psychology of Suggestion; and Vernon Lee and C. A. Thompson, Beauty and Ugliness, Contemporary Review, vol. lxxii, pp. 544-569 and 669-688.
[51]Cf.Sidis, The Psychology of Suggestion; and Vernon Lee and C. A. Thompson, Beauty and Ugliness, Contemporary Review, vol. lxxii, pp. 544-569 and 669-688.
[52]Max West, in North American Review, May, 1897, p. 635.
[52]Max West, in North American Review, May, 1897, p. 635.
[53]The wordcadastrewas derived from the Latincapitastrum, or register ofcapita,griga, or units of territorial taxation into which the Roman provinces were divided for the purposes ofcapitatio terrena, or land tax. It is of modern use and is locally found in Louisiana.
[53]The wordcadastrewas derived from the Latincapitastrum, or register ofcapita,griga, or units of territorial taxation into which the Roman provinces were divided for the purposes ofcapitatio terrena, or land tax. It is of modern use and is locally found in Louisiana.
[54]Cohn, Science of Finance, p. 477.
[54]Cohn, Science of Finance, p. 477.
[55]Abbott (Chief Justice) in R.vs.The Hull Dock Company, 3 B and C, p. 525.
[55]Abbott (Chief Justice) in R.vs.The Hull Dock Company, 3 B and C, p. 525.
[56]General Statutes of New Jersey, p. 3929, section 62.
[56]General Statutes of New Jersey, p. 3929, section 62.
[57]James F. Rusling, in the New Jersey report of 1897.
[57]James F. Rusling, in the New Jersey report of 1897.
[58]The Theory of the Leisure Class. An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions. By Thorstein Veblen. New York: The Macmillan Company. Pp. 400. Price, $2.
[58]The Theory of the Leisure Class. An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions. By Thorstein Veblen. New York: The Macmillan Company. Pp. 400. Price, $2.
[59]The Federal Census. Critical Essays by Members of the American Economic Association, collected and edited by a Special Committee. Published for the American Economic Association by the Macmillan Company, New York. Pp. 516. Price, $1; cloth, $2.50.
[59]The Federal Census. Critical Essays by Members of the American Economic Association, collected and edited by a Special Committee. Published for the American Economic Association by the Macmillan Company, New York. Pp. 516. Price, $1; cloth, $2.50.
[60]Puerto Rico and its Resources. By Frederick A. Ober. New York: D. Appleton and Company. Pp. 282, with Map.
[60]Puerto Rico and its Resources. By Frederick A. Ober. New York: D. Appleton and Company. Pp. 282, with Map.
[61]Footnotes to Evolution. By David Starr Jordan. With Supplementary Essays by Edwin Grant Conklin, Frank Mace McFarland, and James Perrin Smith. New York: D. Appleton and Company. Pp. 392. Price, $1.
[61]Footnotes to Evolution. By David Starr Jordan. With Supplementary Essays by Edwin Grant Conklin, Frank Mace McFarland, and James Perrin Smith. New York: D. Appleton and Company. Pp. 392. Price, $1.
[62]Industrial Cuba. Being a Study of Present Commercial and Industrial Conditions, with Suggestions as to the Opportunities presented in the Island for American Capital, Enterprise, and Labor. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 428. Price, $3.50.
[62]Industrial Cuba. Being a Study of Present Commercial and Industrial Conditions, with Suggestions as to the Opportunities presented in the Island for American Capital, Enterprise, and Labor. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 428. Price, $3.50.
[63]Ichthyologia Ohioensis: or Natural History of the Fishes inhabiting the River Ohio and its Tributary Streams. By C. S. Rafinesque. A Verbatim and Literatim Reprint of the Original, with a Sketch of the Life, the Ichthyologic Work, and the Ichthyologic Bibliography of Rafinesque. By Richard Ellsworth Call. Cleveland: The Burrows Brothers Company. Pp. 175. Price, $4.
[63]Ichthyologia Ohioensis: or Natural History of the Fishes inhabiting the River Ohio and its Tributary Streams. By C. S. Rafinesque. A Verbatim and Literatim Reprint of the Original, with a Sketch of the Life, the Ichthyologic Work, and the Ichthyologic Bibliography of Rafinesque. By Richard Ellsworth Call. Cleveland: The Burrows Brothers Company. Pp. 175. Price, $4.
[64]Lectures on the Evolution of Plants. By Douglas Houghton Campbell. New York: The Macmillan Company. Pp. 319. Price, $1.25.
[64]Lectures on the Evolution of Plants. By Douglas Houghton Campbell. New York: The Macmillan Company. Pp. 319. Price, $1.25.
[65]On the Study and Difficulties of Mathematics. By Augustus De Morgan. New edition. Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company. Pp. 288.
[65]On the Study and Difficulties of Mathematics. By Augustus De Morgan. New edition. Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company. Pp. 288.
Transcriber's Notes:Obvious printer's errors have been repaired, other inconsistent spellings have been kept, including inconsistent use of hyphen (e.g. "long-continued" and "long continued") and proper noun (e.g. "Yang-tse-Kiang" and "Yank-tse-Kiang").Some illustrations were relocated to correspond to their references in the text.
Obvious printer's errors have been repaired, other inconsistent spellings have been kept, including inconsistent use of hyphen (e.g. "long-continued" and "long continued") and proper noun (e.g. "Yang-tse-Kiang" and "Yank-tse-Kiang").
Some illustrations were relocated to correspond to their references in the text.