The Project Gutenberg eBook ofArchitectural Antiquities of NormandyThis ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.Title: Architectural Antiquities of NormandyAuthor: John Sell CotmanDawson TurnerRelease date: October 4, 2009 [eBook #30172]Most recently updated: October 24, 2024Language: EnglishCredits: Produced by Carlo Traverso, Barbara Magni and the OnlineDistributed Proofreading Team at http://dp.rastko.net (Thisfile was produced from images generously made availableby the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) athttp://gallica.bnf.fr.)*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARCHITECTURAL ANTIQUITIES OF NORMANDY ***
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Architectural Antiquities of NormandyAuthor: John Sell CotmanDawson TurnerRelease date: October 4, 2009 [eBook #30172]Most recently updated: October 24, 2024Language: EnglishCredits: Produced by Carlo Traverso, Barbara Magni and the OnlineDistributed Proofreading Team at http://dp.rastko.net (Thisfile was produced from images generously made availableby the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) athttp://gallica.bnf.fr.)
Title: Architectural Antiquities of Normandy
Author: John Sell CotmanDawson Turner
Author: John Sell Cotman
Dawson Turner
Release date: October 4, 2009 [eBook #30172]Most recently updated: October 24, 2024
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Carlo Traverso, Barbara Magni and the OnlineDistributed Proofreading Team at http://dp.rastko.net (Thisfile was produced from images generously made availableby the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) athttp://gallica.bnf.fr.)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARCHITECTURAL ANTIQUITIES OF NORMANDY ***
BYJOHN SELL COTMAN;
ACCOMPANIED BYHISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE NOTICESBYDAWSON TURNER, ESQ. F.R.andA.S.
VOLUME THE FIRST.
Coat of arms of the Duchy of Normandy.
LONDON:PRINTED FOR JOHN AND ARTHUR ARCH, CORNHILL;AND J. S. COTMAN, YARMOUTH.
MDCCCXXII.
An artist, engaged in the illustration of the Architectural Antiquities of England, could scarcely do otherwise than often cast a wistful look towards the opposite shores of Normandy; and such would particularly be the case, if, like Mr. Cotman, to a strong attachment to his profession and the subject, he should chance to add a residence in Norfolk. This portion of the kingdom of the East-Angles, in its language and in its customs, but especially in the remains of its ancient ecclesiastical architecture, abounds in vestiges of its Teutonic colonists. The richly ornamented door-ways of its village churches have, in particular, long been the theme of admiration among antiquaries. Bred up in the midst of these, and warmly partaking in the admiration of them, Mr. Cotman devoted his pencil and his graver to the diffusion of their fame. Common report, aided by the suffrages of the learned, and in some degree by locality, designated them as Saxon: at the same time, when they were compared with what is left in Britain, of workmanship avowedly Norman, the points of dissimilarity appeared trifling or altogether vanished. Was it then to be inferred that, between Norman and Saxon architecture, there was really no difference; and, carrying the inference one step farther, that the hordes of barbarians denominated by these different appellations, although they might not have embarked at the same port, were only cognate tribes of one common origin, if not in reality the same? The solution of the first of these questions, the only one immediately in view, seemed best to be sought in that province of France, where the Norman power had been most permanently established, and where it was therefore reasonably to be expected, that genuine productions of Norman art might, if any where, be found. With this view, Mr. Cotman crossed the channel; and the result of three successive journies, in the years 1817, 1818, and 1820, is here submitted to the public.
Those who find pleasure in inquiries of this description, will join in the regret, that an undertaking like the present was so long delayed. Incalculable had been the advantages, had it but commenced previouslyto the period of the French revolution. That fearful storm burst with tremendous violence upon the castles of barons, the palaces of kings, and the temples of religion. Many of the most sumptuous edifices, which had mocked the hand of time, and had been respected amidst the ravages of foreign or domestic warfare, were then swept from the face of the earth. Others, degraded, deserted, neglected, and dilapidated, are at this moment hastening fast to their decay. Yet no small portion of what is valuable has been happily left. The two royal abbeys of Caen, though shorn of much of their former grandeur, are still nearly entire. Château Gaillard, the pride of Richard's lion heart, and the noble castles of Arques and of Falaise, retain sufficient of their ancient magnificence, to testify what they must have been in the days of their splendor: the towns and châteaus, which were the cradles of the Harcourts, Vernons, Tancarvilles, Gurneys, Bruces, Bohuns, Grenvilles, St. Johns, and many others of the most illustrious English families, are still in existence; and, of more modern date, when the British Edwards and Henrys resumed the Norman sceptre, numerous buildings of the highest beauty are every where to be met with. In his researches after these, Mr. Cotman had the advantage of being assisted by the kindness of three of the most distinguished antiquaries of the present day, M. le Prevost, M. Rondeau, and M. de Gerville, but particularly by the last, whose friendly help has likewise extended towards the preparing of the letter-press for many of the articles from the western part of the province. It were ungrateful not to acknowledge the assistance derived from Mr. Cohen, in the same department. The value of his aid, which has been most freely contributed, can be duly appreciated by those alone who have had opportunities of judging of the accuracy and extent of his knowledge.
In the selection of subjects for engraving, attention has been principally paid to two points, excellence in the objects themselves, and certainty as to dates; but the greatest stress has been laid upon the latter. The author of a work which professes to be in any degree didactic, can never impress too strongly upon his mind the value of the Roman precept, “prodesse quàm delectare;” and an artist, accustomed by his habits to the contemplation of the beautiful and the picturesque, requires above all men to be warned on this head. Many of the buildings here represented, might easily have been exchanged for others, more perfect, more elegant, or more ornamented; but it is hoped that they could not have been exchanged for those that would have been more instructive. The main object of the publication has been to exhibit a series of specimens of Norman architecture, as they actually exist in Normandy itself; and, by taking those whose dates are best defined, to enable the antiquary and the amateur of other countries, not only to know the state of this extraordinary people, as to their arts, at the epoch of their greatest glory, but also to compare what is in Normandy with what they find at home. Another volume, devoted to the illustration of the same description of architecture, in the south of France, in Italy, and in Sicily, would fill a hiatus, whose existence has long been regretted. In Germany, Denmark, and Sweden, it is to be feared that little remains; and, thanks to the spirit of English artists and to the patronage of the English public, what is in this country is already in a great measure recorded. To an Englishman, it is hoped it may be a source of venial self-congratulation, that the first publication upon Norman architecture originates in his own island: he will likewise probably not be displeased to find, that this collection of the finest remaining specimens of Norman art upon the continent, contains nothing which he cannot rival, indeed surpass, at home.
But, at the same time that the principal end proposed in this work has been to set before the public those edifices, whether sacred, military, or domestic, which were erected during the age most properly designated as Norman, the æra anterior to the union of the ducal coronet with the crown of France, it has been felt that, in whatever light the publication might be regarded, it would be incomplete without the addition of other buildings of a subsequent period. A farther number of specimens has therefore been admitted, conducting the series through the style of architecture, commonly termed Gothic, down to the time when that style finally disappeared before an Italian model, more or less debased.
In the descriptive portion of these volumes, attention has been almost exclusively directed to two points, the historical and the architectural. On the latter of these, so much has been said under each separate article, that whatever might be added in this place could be little more than repetition; and the history of Normandy, from the establishment of the dukedom to the beginning of the thirteenthcentury, is so interwoven with that of England, that it has been considered needless here to insert an epitome of it, as had at first been intended. In lieu of this, a Table is subjoined, exhibiting the succession, marriages and progeny of the Norman Princes, copied from Du Moulin; and such Table can scarcely be regarded otherwise than useful, as bringing the whole under the eye in a single point of view: a Chronological Index, it is hoped, may in a great measure answer the same purpose as to architecture. It is only justice, however, to add, that, in this Index, much has necessarily been left to conjecture; and, where it is so, the author naturally expects that others will occasionally differ from him in opinion; especially as no opportunity is afforded him of detailing the grounds whereby he has formed his own. Upon the subject most likely to create doubts and difficulties, the very early date assigned to the employment of the pointed arch, he begs the attention of the reader to those authorities, which, in his judgment, warrant the conclusion he has drawn. If mistaken in this, or in any other point, he will be most thankful for correction; and, in the language of that author, who is, as he long has been and probably always will be, more than any other the object of quotation, he takes leave, with the well-known valedictory lines,
“Vive, vale; si quid novisti rectius istis,Candidus imperti; si non, his utere mecum.”
“Vive, vale; si quid novisti rectius istis,Candidus imperti; si non, his utere mecum.”
CHURCH OF QUERQUEVILLE NEAR CHERBOURG.CHURCH OF QUERQUEVILLE NEAR CHERBOURG.
CHURCH OF QUERQUEVILLE NEAR CHERBOURG.
In the following list, an Obelisk is affixed to the dates which depend upon conjecture. Those preceded by an Asterisk denote the year of the dedication of the building.
NO. OF PLATES.DATE.53.Rouen, Crypt in the Church of St. Gervaisbefore † 100013.St. Sauveur le Vicomte, Castlebefore † 100069.Lillebonne, Castle† 100048.Caen, Chapel in the Castle† 100089, 90.Falaise, Castle—Keep of† 100083.St. Sanson sur Rille, Church† 102067.Anisy, Church† 103068.Perriers, Church—Nave of† 103097.Cerisy, Abbey Church104095.Mount St. Michael, Abbey Church—Nave of104887, 88.St. Lo, Church of the Holy Cross—(some of the sculpture probably of the ninth century)† 10501.Arques, Castle† 105084.Foullebec, Western door-way of the Church† 105070.Briquebec, Castle—(the multangular tower probably of the fourteenth century)† 10505-10.St. Georges de Bocherville, Abbey Church105092-94.Coutances, Cathedral* 105617.Tamerville, Church† 106044-46.Léry, Church† 106054.Rouen, Church of St. Paul† 106073-75.Lisieux, Church of St. Peter106055, 56.Caen, Church of St. Nicholas106624-33.Ditto, Abbey Church of the Holy Trinity* 106682.Montivilliers, Abbey Church—Towers and door-way† 10662, 3.Jumieges, Abbey Church* 106760, 61.Fontaine-le-Henri, Church† 107021-23.Caen, Abbey Church of St. Stephen* 107757.Cheux, Church† 108098.Oyestraham, Church† 108058, 59.Bieville, Church† 1080* 33.Caen, Tombstone of Queen Matilda108337.Haute Allemagne, Tower of Church† 110016.Than, Church† 110018.Caen, Tower of the Church of St. Michel de Vaucelles† 110012.Grâville, Church110099, 100.Séez, Cathedral* 112614.St. Sauveur le Vicomte, Abbey Church† 113096.Mount St. Michael, Knights' Hall113039-41.Gournay, Church of St. Hildebert—Interior of the nave, and capitals of columns† 114020.Statue of William the Conqueror† 115091.Creully, Church† 115011.St. Georges de Bocherville, Sculpture in the Chapter House117042, 43.Rouen, Chapel of the Hospital of St. Julien† 119080, 81.Château Gaillard119551, 52.Rouen Cathedral, West front—Northern Tower120047.Colomby, Church† 120068.Perriers, Church—Choir† 123038.Gournay, Church of St. Hildebert—West front† 12504.Jumieges, Entrance to the Knights' Hall† 128076.Rouen, Church of St. Ouen134071.Fécamp, Southern entrance of the Church of St. Stephen† 134035.Dieppe, Church of St. Jacques—Western front—(the tower probably fifty years earlier)† 135072.Eu, Screen in the Church of St. Lawrence† 136066.Tréport, Church137019.Caen, South Porch of the Church of St. Michel de Vaucelles† 138082.Montivilliers, Abbey Church—Chapter-House139036.Dieppe, Eastern end of the Church of St. Jacques† 140079.Louviers, South porch of the Church† 142085, 86.Tancarville, Castle† 142089, 90.Falaise, Castle—Talbot's Tower143034.Dieppe, Castle† 145051, 52.Rouen Cathedral, Western front—Southern Tower148595.Mount St. Michael, Abbey Church—Choir150078.Rouen, Palace of Justice150077.Ditto, Fountain of the Stone Cross150068.Caen, House in the Rue St. Jean† 150062, 63.Fontaine-le-Henri, Château† 150049, 50.Rouen Cathedral, Southern Transept150051, 52.Ditto, Western Front—Porch150915.Andelys, Great House† 153064.Rouen, House in the Place de la Pucelle† 1540
PLATE.1.Castle of Arquesto face page12.Abbey Church of Jumieges, West Front23.————Parts of the Nave34.————Arch on the West Front35.Abbey Church of St. Georges de Bocherville, West Front46.——————General View47.——————West Entrance58.——————South Transept59.——————Sculptured Capitals510.——————Ditto611.——————Sculptures in the Cloisters612.Church of Grâville713.Castle of St. Sauveur le Vicomte814.Abbey Church of St. Sauveur le Vicomte1115.Great House at Andelys1316.Church of Than1617.Church ofTamerville1718.Tower of the Church of St. Michel de Vaucelles, Caen1819.North Porch of Ditto1820.Statue of William, Duke of Normandy2021.}Abbey Church of St. Etienne, Caen, West Front2122.23.—————Compartments of the Nave2424.Abbey Church of the Holy Trinity, Caen2725.——————East End3226.——————East End of Interior3227.——————North Side of the Choir3228.——————Arches under the central Tower3329.——————East Side of South Transept3330.——————Interior of the Nave3331.——————South Side of the Nave3432.——————Crypt3433.——————Capitals34*33.Inscription on the Tomb of Queen Matilda3534.Castle of Dieppe3535.Church of St. Jacques, at Dieppe, West Front3836.—————East End3837.Tower of the Church of Haute Allemagne, near Caen3938.Collegiate Church of St. Hildebert, at Gournay, West Front3939.———————View across the Nave4140.———————Capitals4241.———————Capitals4242.Chapel in the Hospital of St. Julien, near Rouen, South Side4343.———————Interior4444.Church of Léry, near Pont de l'Arche, General View4545.—————West Front4646.—————Interior4647.Elevation of the Church of Colomby, near Valognes4748.Chapel in the Castle at Caen4849.}Cathedral Church of Notre Dame, of Rouen, South Transept5050.51.}——————West Front5152.53.Crypt in the Church of St. Gervais, at Rouen5654.Church of St. Paul, at Rouen, East End57
N. PRINCE OF LOWER DENMARK.2nd wife,Poppeia, daughter of Berenger, Count of the Bessin.==Rollo, 1st Duke of Normandy. A.D. 911.==1st wife,Gisla, daughter of Charles the Simple, King of France.Gourin, killed in Denmark.Sprote, daughter of the Count of Senlis.==William, Longa-Spatha, 2nd Duke of Normandy. A.D. 917.Gerloc, wife to William, Count of Poitiers.1st wife,Emma, daughter of Hugues le Grand, Duke of France.==Richard I.3rd Duke of Normandy. A.D. 944.==2nd wife,Gonnor, originally his concubine.2nd wife,Paphie, orPoppea.==Richard II.calledThe Good, 4th Duke of Normandy. A.D. 996.==1st wife,Judith, da. of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany.Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux.Mauger, Count of Corbeil.Emma, Queen of England.Havoise, wife of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany.Matilda, wife of Eudes, Count of Chartres.Mauger, Archbishop of Rouen.William of Arques, Count of Talou.Richard III.5th Duke of Normandy. A.D. 1026.Robert, 6th Duke of Normandy. A.D. 1028.==Arlette, daughter of Foubert, citizen of Falaise.William, monk at Fécamp.Alice, wife of Rinaldo, Count of Burgundy.Eleanor, wife of Baldwin, Count of Flanders.Papie, wife of Guibert of St. Vallery.N.died unmarried.Nicolas, Abbot of St. Ouen: and two daughters, one of them married to Walter of St. Vallery, the other to the Viscount of Bayeux:—all illegitimate.William the Conqueror, 7th Duke of Normandy, and King of England. A.D. 1035.==Matilda, daughter of Baldwin, Count of Flanders.N.hisMistress.==Robert, Court-Hose, 8th Duke of Normandy. A.D. 1087.==Sibilla, daughter of William, Count of Conversans.Richard, killed in the New Forest.William Rufus, King of England.1st wife,Matilda, da. of Malcolm, King of Scotland.==Henry I.King of England, and 9th Duke of Normandy. A.D. 1107.==2nd wife,Adeliza, daughter of the Duke of Louvain.Cecilia.Constance.Alice.Agatha.Adela.==Stephen, Count of Blois.Richard, died from a surfeit, in hunting.William, killed in the Crusades.N.wife to Hélie de St. Saen.N.da. of Marquis Renier, and sister to the Queen of France.==William, Count of Flanders.William Adelin, drowned after his marriage.1st hus.Henry V.Emperor.==Matilda.==2nd hus.Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, and 11th Duke of Normandy. A.D. 1143.William.Theobald, Earl of Blois.Henry, Bishop of Winchester.Stephen, King of England.==Matildaof Boulogne.Eleanor, Countess of Poitiers and Duchess of Aquitaine.==Henry Plantagenet, 12th Duke of Normandy. A.D. 1150: Count of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine, and King of England.Geoffrey, Count of Nantes.William.Eustace, 10th Duke of Normandy. A.D. 1135.William.Margaret, of France.==Henry the Young, crowned King of England.Richard Cœur-de-Lion, King of England, and 13th Duke of Normandy. A.D. 1189.Geoffrey, Count of Brittany.==Constance, daughter of Conan, Duke of Brittany.John Lackland, King of England, 14th and last Duke of Normandy. A.D. 1199.Arthur, Duke of Brittany, killed by his uncle John.