Chapter 12

inconcluso,-a, unfinished

inconmensurable, limitless

inconmovible, immovable

incontaminado,-a, uncontaminated

incontrastable, irresistible

inconveniente,m., difficulty, objection, trouble

incorporarse, to unite, join; to sit up

increíble, incredible

incrustar, to incrust

inculto,-a, uncultivated, uneducated

incuria, negligence

incurrir, to incur

indecisión, indecision

indeciso,-a, undecided

indefenso,-a, defenseless

indefinible, undefinable

indefinido,-a, indefinite

indeleble, indelible, indestructible

independencia, independence

independiente, independent

indestructible, indestructible

indicar, to show, point out

índice,m., index finger, index

indiferencia, indifference

indiferente, indifferent

indiferentemente, indifferently

indígena,s. and a., native; indigenous

indignar, to make indignant, excite

indigno,-a, unworthy

indio,-a, Indian

indirectamente, indirectly

indiscutible, unquestionable

indispensable, indispensable

indistintamente, indistinctly, indiscriminately

individual, individual

individualidad, individuality

individualismo, individualism

individuo, individual, person

indolencia, indolence

indolente, indolent, indifferent

indómito,-a, untamed, wild

indudable, undoubted, undeniable

indulgencia, indulgence

indulto, amnesty, pardon

indumentaria, clothing

industria, industry

ineducado,-a, uneducated, ill-bred

inercia, inertia

inerte, inert, lifeless

inevitable, inevitable

inexplicable, inexplicable

inextinguible, unextinguishable

infalible, infallible

infaliblemente, infallibly

infamia, infamy

infancia, infancy

infantería, infantry

infeliz,a. and s., unhappy; wretch

inferior, lower, inferior

infernal, infernal

infiel,a. and s., faithless, unfaithful, infidel

infinidad, infinity

infinito,-a, endless;al ——, to infinity

inflamado,-a, passionate, inflamed

inflar, to swell, inflate

inflexión, inflexion

inflexible, inflexible

influencia, influence

influjo, influence

influyente, influential

informe,m., notice, information

infructuoso,-a, fruitless

infundir, to inspire, cause

ingeniero, engineer

ingenio, genius, mind

ingenioso,-a, ingenious

ingenuamente, ingenuously

ingenuidad, ingenuousness, openness

ingenuo,-a, ingenuous, naïve

ingertar, to ingraft

Inglaterra, England

inglés,-esa,a. and s., English

ingrato,-a, thankless, ungrateful, unpleasant

inherente, inherent

inhibir, to inhibit, prevent

inicial, first, initial

iniciar, to initiate, begin

iniciativa, initiative, enterprise

iniquidad, iniquity

injusticia, injustice

injusto,-a, unjust

inmaculado,-a, immaculate, holy

inmediación, contiguity, contact;a ——es de, close by, in the vicinity of

inmediatamente, immediately;—— que, as soon as

inmediato,-a, immediate, near by

inmensidad, immensity

inmenso,-a, immense

inmigración, immigration

inmolar, to sacrifice

inmortal, immortal

inmóvil, motionless

inmovilidad, immobility

innecesario,-a, unnecessary

innoble, ignoble

innumerable, numberless

inocencia, innocence

inocente, innocent

inocular, to inoculate

inofensivo,-a, inoffensive

inopinadamente, unexpectedly, thoughtlessly

inquieto,-a, restless

inquietud, anxiety, restlessness

insaciable, insatiable

insecto, insect

insensible, unaware, senseless

inseparable, inseparable

insigne, famous

insignificante, insignificant

insinuar, to insinuate, hint, whisper, try

insípido,-a, insipid

insipiencia, ignorance

insistir, to insist

insolvencia, insolvency

insostenible, untenable

inspeccionar, to inspect

inspiración, inspiration

inspirar, to inspire;——se en, to be inspired by

instalación, installation, establishment

instalar, to install

instancia, instance, urgent request

instante,m., instant

instaurar, to set up

instintivo,-a, instinctive, innate

instinto, instinct

institución, institution

instituir, to set up, institute

instrucción, instruction

instrumentista,m., player upon a musical instrument, virtuoso

instrumento, instrument

insultar, to insult

insurreccionado,-a, rebellious, in arms

intacto,-a, intact

integrante,f., integral part

integrar, to integrate, fuse

integridad, integrity, honesty

intelectual, intellectual

inteligencia, intelligence, mind;buena ——, good will

inteligente, intelligent

intemperie,f., rough weather;a la ——, without shelter, under the open sky

intempestivo,-a, abortive, untimely

intención, intention

intendente, intendant, sub-treasurer of the government

intentar, to try, plot

intercambio, exchange

interés,m., interest

interesante, interesting

interesar, to interest

interior,m., interior

interior, interior, inner, internal

interminable, endless

internacional, international

internar, to intern

interno,-a, internal, inner

interponer, to interpose

interposición, interposition

interpretar, to interpret

interrogar, to question, ask

interrumpir, to interrupt

interrupción, interruption

intervalo, interval

intervención, intervention

intervenir, to intervene

intestino,-a, internecine, internal

intimación, intimation

intimar, to intimate

intimidar, to intimidate, frighten

íntimo,-a, intimate, internal

intrépido,-a, intrepid, fearless

intriga, intrigue

intrínseco,-a, intrinsic

introducir, to introduce

inundación, flood

inundar, to flood

inusitado,-a, unwonted

inútil, useless

inutilidad, uselessness

inutilizar, to make useless

inútilmente, uselessly

invadir, to invade

invariable, invariable, unmovable

invasión, invasion

invasor,-ora,a. and s., conquering, invading; invader

invencible, invincible

invención, invention

inventar, to invent

invernal, of winter, wintry

invertir, to take up, invest

investidura, investiture

investigación, investigation

investigador, investigator

inveterado,-a, inveterate

invierno, winter

invisible, invisible

invitación, invitation

invitar, to invite

invocar, to invoke

involucrar, to involve, take in, envelop

involuntario,-a, involuntary

ir, to go

ira, wrath, anger

iris,m., rainbow

ironía, irony

irreal, unreal

irreconciliable, irreconcilable

irregular, irregular

irreparable, beyond repair, irreparable

irresistible, irresistible

irrevocable, beyond recall, irrevocable

irritar, to irritate, excite

irrupción, eruption, breaking forth;hacer —— en, to rush into

isba, Russian log-cabin, peasant’s house

isla, island

islote,m., islet

Italia, Italy

italiano,-a,a. and s., Italian

izar, to raise, hoist

izquierdo,-a, left

J

jabonoso,-a, soapy, lathery

jactar, to praise;——se, to boast

jaguar,m., jaguar, American tiger

jaleo, Andalusian dance

jamás, never

jardín,m., garden

jazmín,m., jasmin

jefe, chief, leader

jerarquía, hierarchy, rank

jerez,m., sherry wine

Jerusalén, Jerusalem

jilguero, linnet

jinete, rider, horseman

Job, Job

jornada, day, journey, day’s march, stopping place

jornal,m., wage, earning

jorobado,-a,a. and s., humpbacked; hunchback

José, Joseph

joven, young

juanete,m., cheek bone

judicial, judicial

judío, Jew

juego, play, game; gambling

juez, judge

jugar, to play; to gamble

juguetear, to gambol, leap, frolic

juicio, judgment

julio, July

junco, rush, weed

junio, June

junta, junta, council, governing body

juntar, to amass, get together, join

junto,-a, together

juramento, oath

jurar, to swear

justa, joust, tourney

justicia, justice; police; court of justice

justicieramente, justly, according to justice

justiciero,-a, justice-dealing, just

justificar, to justify, prove

justo,-a, just

juvenil, young, juvenile

juventud, youth

juzgar, to judge

K

kakuy,Quichua Indian name forowl

kilómetro, kilometer, nearly five-eighths of a mile

Korán,m., Koran, sacred book of the Mohammedans

L

laberinto, labyrinth, maze

labio, lip

labor,f., work; hardship

laboratorio, laboratory

laboriosidad, laboriousness, industry

labrador, tiller of the soil

labranza, tillage

labrar, to create, bring about

labriego, tiller of the soil

laconismo, laconism, brevity

lácteo,-a, milky

ladera, slope, declivity

lado, side

ladrillo, brick

ladrón,m., thief

lago, lake

lágrima, tear

laguna, pool, pond

lamentable, lamentable

lana, wool

lance,m., opportunity; cast, throw

lancha, boat, launch

lanchero, boatman

landa, heath, moorland

languidecer, to languish

lánguido,-a, languid

lanudo,-a, woolly

lanza, lance

lanzada, lance-thrust

lanzafuego, linstock

lanzar, to hurl, cast, pour out

lapacho, a South American tree

largamente, at length

largo,-a, long;a lo ——, along

lástima, pity, hurt

lastimar, to hurt

lastimero,-a, sad, doleful

lastimoso,-a, pitiable, pitiful

latente, latent

latido, beating, beat

látigo, whip

latinoamericano,-a,a. and s., Latin-American

latir, to throb, beat

latitud, latitude

laurel,m., laurel, praise; laurel tree

lavandera, washerwoman

lavar, to wash

lazo, trap; lasso

leal, loyal, frank, trustworthy

lealtad, loyalty, magnanimity

lección, lesson

lector,m., reader

lectura, reading

leche,f., milk

lechero, milkman

lechiguana, wasp

lecho, bed

leer, to read

legendario,-a, legendary

legión, legion

legislación, legislation

legislador, legislator

legislativo,-a, legislative

legislatura, legislature

legítimo,-a, legitimate

legua, league, about three miles

lejano,-a, distant, past

lejos, far;a lo ——, in the distance, from afar

lengua, tongue

lentamente, slowly

lentitud, lentitude, slowness

lento,-a, slow

león,m., lion

leonado,-a, lion-like

lerdo,-a, heavy, slow

letanía, litany

letra, letter

letrero, sign, poster

leva, levy

levadizo,-a, capable of being lifted

levantar, to raise;——se, to arise, get up

leve, light, gentle

leviatán,m., leviathan

ley,f., law

leyenda, legend

liberal, liberal, free

libertad, liberty

libertador,-ora,a. and s., liberating; liberator

libertar, to liberate

librar, to free, deliver, occur, engage in

libre, free, unhampered

licor,m., liquor, cordial

lid,f., fight, strife

lienzo, cloth, linen, canvas

ligadura, bond, knot

ligar, to bind, join

ligereza, lightness, speed, trifle

ligero,-a, light, fast

limitar, to limit, confine

límite,m., limit, boundary

limítrofe, limiting, bounding

limosna, alms, charity

limpiar, to clean out

lincolniano,-a, of Lincoln

lindero, boundary, confine

lindero,-a, contiguous, bordering upon

lindo,-a, pretty

línea, line

lineamento, lineament, feature

linfa, water

linternilla, small lantern

liquidación, liquidation, settlement

lira, lyre

lírico,-a, lyric

Lisboa, Lisbon

liso,-a, smooth

listo,-a, ready, clever

literalmente, literally

literario,-a, literary

literato, litterateur, man of letters

literatura, literature

lives: boleada a ——, brought down with light bolas;V.note, 64, 5

liviano,-a, light

lívido,-a, livid

lóbrego,-a, dark, dismal

local, local

local,m., place;—— de esquina, corner-house

localidad, locality

loco,-a, mad

locomotiva,Arg. forlocomotora, locomotive

locro,Arg., stew made with meat and vegetables, especially corn

locura, madness

lógica, logic

lógico,-a, logical

lograr, to succeed, obtain

lomo, loin, back

lona, canvas

longevidad, longevity

loor,m., praise

lote,m., lot, amount

lotero, lottery agent

loza, china, porcelain

lozanía, luxuriance, vigor

lozano,-a, luxuriant, sprightly

lucero, star

lucido,-a, famous, shining

luctuoso,-a, sad, mournful

lucha, struggle, fight

luchar, to struggle, fight

luego, soon, after, then;desde ——, at once, from now on

lugar,m., place

lugarteniente, lieutenant

lúgubre, lugubrious, dismal

lujo, luxury

Lules, Indian tribe formerly inhabiting central Argentina

luminoso,-a, luminous

luna, moon

lustroso,-a, lustrous

luto, mourning, grief

luz,f., light, luster;pl., enlightenment

Ll

llamar, to call

llano, plain

llanto, wail, sorrow

llanura, plain

llegar, to arrive, reach;—— a, to arrive at, succeed in, happen

llenar, to fill

lleno,-a, full

llevar, to carry, wear;——se, to carry away

llorar, to weep, lament

lluvia, rain

M

machete,m., cutlass

madera, wood, timber

madero, beam, timber

madrastra, stepmother

madre, mother

madrigal,m., madrigal

madurar, to ripen

madurez, maturity

maestría, mastery, skill

maestro, master, teacher

magallánico,-a, of Magellan

mágico,-a, magic

mágico, magician

magistrado, magistrate, official

magnanimidad, magnanimity

magnánimo,-a, magnanimous

magnético,-a, magnetic

magnificencia, magnificence

magnífico,-a, magnificent

magnitud, magnitude

magno,-a, great

mago, wise man, magus

magro,-a, meager, lean

Mahoma, Mahomet

maíz,m., corn

majestad, majesty

majestuosamente, majestically

majestuoso,-a, majestic

majo, Andalusian type, vain and ostentatious in his dress.Cf.compadrito

mal, evilly, badly

mal,m., evil, disease

maldecir, to curse

maldición, curse

maldito,-a, cursed

maléfico,-a, evil

malévolo, evildoer

maleza, thicket, brush

malhechor, evildoer

maligno,-a, malignant

malísimo,-a, very bad

malogrado,-a, unfortunate, ill-fated

malón,m.,Arg., Indian raid

malvado,-a, wicked, vicious

mamá, mother, mamma

manada, herd, drove

manantial,m., spring, fountain

manar, to run forth, distill, spring forth

mancebo, youth

mancha, spot, stain

mandar, to order, send

mandatario, agent

mando, command, order, power

mandolina, mandolin

manejar, to manage, wield

manejo, management

manera, way, manner

maniatar, to bind, trip, shackle, manacle

manifestación, sign, manifestation

manifestado,-a, manifest, open

manifestar, to make clear, show

maniobra, maneuver

mano,f., hand;—— a ——, amicably

mansión, mansion

manso,-a, mild, tame

manta, mantle, blanket, cover

mantener, to maintain, suffer, support

mantenimiento, maintenance

manuscrito, manuscript

manzana, apple; city block

mañana, morning;por la ——, in the morning

mañana, tomorrow

mapa,m., map

máquina, machine

mar,m. or f., sea

maraña, brier thicket

maravilla, wonder

maravillosamente, marvelously

maravilloso,-a, marvelous

marca, mark, brand

marcar, to mark, brand, delineate

marco, frame

marcha, march, course, progress

marchanta,Arg. forparroquiana, customer, patron

marchar, to march

marchito,-a, wilted, withered

marea, tide

mareo, seasickness

margen,f., margin, bank

marido, husband

marinero, sailor

marino,-a,a. and s., marine; sailor

mariposa, butterfly

mariscal,m., marshal

marisco, shellfish

marítimo,-a, maritime

mármol,m., marble

Marte, Mars

mártir,m., martyr

martirio, martyrdom

marzo, March

mas, but

más, more;—— bien que, rather than;a ——, besides

masa, mass, multitude, power;en ——, in a body

mascar, to chew

máscara, mask

mástil,m., mast

mata, shrub

matar, to kill

mate,m., South American, a drunk from a gourd with a tube calledbombilla

materia, matter

material, material

material,m., material, stuff

matiz,m., color

matorral,m., brier thicket

matrimonio, matrimony

matrona, matron

mayo, May

mayor, greater, older

mayoría, majority

mayormente, specially, mostly

mazorca, ear of corn

mecánica, mechanics

mecer, to stir, mix

mediados,restricted to the expressiona—— de, about, toward the middle of

mediano,-a, middle

mediar, to measure, stretch, be at the middle

medida, measure;a —— que, in proportion as

medio, way, means, environment;en —— de, in the midst of

medio,-a, half

mediodía,m., midday, south

medioeval, medieval

medir, to intervene, lie; measure

meditabundo,-a, pensive

meditación, meditation

meditar, to meditate

meditativo,-a, meditative

Mediterráneo, Mediterranean Sea

mediterráneo,-a, of the Mediterranean

medroso,-a, fearful, timid

mefítico,-a, obnoxious, mephitic

megaterio, megatherium, extinct species of prehistoric animals, remains of which are found in the Pampas

Méjico, Mexico

mejilla, cheek

mejor,comp. ofbueno, better

mejora, amelioration, progress

mejoramiento, betterment

mejorar, to better

melancolía, melancholy

melancólico,-a, sad, melancholy

melena, mane, shock of hair

melero,-a, of honey, honey-like

melodía, melody

memorable, memorable

memoria, memory, mind

mendigo, beggar

menester,m., necessity;ser ——, to be necessary

menor,comp. ofpequeño, smaller

menos, less;a —— que, unless;por lo ——, at least

menoscabo, discredit, lessening

mensaje,m., message

mensajero, messenger

mentalmente, mentally

mente,f., mind

mentir, to lie, tell a lie

mentira, lie, fiction

menudeo, retail;comercio al ——, retail trade

meollo,substance, inside, heart of anything, marrow

mercader, merchant, shop-keeper

mercadería, merchandise

mercado, market

mercancía, merchandise

merced,f., mercy, grace;—— a, thanks to

mercenario, mercenary

merecer, to deserve

mérito, merit

meritorio,-a, meritorious

mes,m., month

mesa, table

mesana, mizzen;pena de la ——, peak of the mizzen

meseta, plateau, landing place

mesita, small table

mestizo, half-breed

meta, terminus, end

metafísico,-a, metaphysical

metafórico,-a, metaphorical

metal,m., metal

metamorfosis,f., metamorphosis

meter, to put, place, drive

metódico,-a, methodical

metralla, grapeshot

metro, meter

metrópoli,f., metropolis, mother country

mezcla, mixture

mezclar, to mix, confuse

mezquino,-a, mean, niggardly

microscópico,-a, microscopic

miedo, fear

miel,f., honey

miembro, member

mientras, while;—— tanto, meanwhile;—— que, while

miguelete,m., rural guard

mil, a thousand

milagro, miracle

milagrosamente, miraculously

milicia, militia, military affairs

militante, militant, aggressive

militar, to serve in an army

militar, military

militar, soldier

milla, mile

millar, a thousand

millonario, millionaire

mimar, to take care of, caress, fondle, pamper

mina, mine

Mingo, tribe of Indians mentioned inThe Last of the Mohicans

ministro, minister, servant

minuto, minute

miñón,m., light infantry; soldier of same

miquilo,Indian name fornutria, otter

mira, intention, purpose, point

mirada, look, glance

mirar, to look at, regard

misa, mass

misántropo, misanthrope, man-hater

miserable, miserable, pitiful

miseria, misery

mísero,-a, wretched, mean

misión, mission

misionero, missionary

misiva, missive, note

mismo,-a, self, same, even;lo —— que, the same as

misterio, mystery

misterioso,-a, mysterious

mistol,m., jujube, name of a fruit

mitad, half

mito, myth

mixto, explosive

modal,m.,generally used in the plural, manners

modalidad, manner of being, modality, manifestation

moderación, moderation, restraint

moderar, to moderate

moderno,-a, modern

modesto,-a, modest, unassuming

modificación, modification

modificar, to modify

modo, manner, fashion;de —— que, so that;de tal ——, in this manner, in such manner;de todos ——s, in any case;de otro ——, otherwise

molestar, to molest, disturb

molestia, bother, discomfort

molesto,-a, bothersome, uncomfortable

momentáneamente, momentarily

momentáneo,-a, momentary

momento, moment, instant

monarca,m., monarch

monarquía, monarchy

monarquista, monarchist, monarchical

monástico,-a, monastic

moneda, coin, money

monje, monk

monosílabo, monosyllable

monotonía, monotony

monótono,-a, monotonous

monstruo, monster

monstruoso,-a, monstrous, tremendous

montaña, mountain

montar, to mount

monte,m., mountain, wood

montés,-esa, of the mountain;gatos ——eses, wildcats

montesino,-a, mountainous, wild

monto, sum, amount

montón,m., pile

montonera,Arg., mounted insurgent band

montonero, member of amontonera

montura, saddle, trappings, mount

monumento, monument

morado, house, dwelling

moral, moral

moral,f., morale, morality

moralmente, morally, practically

morar, to live, dwell

morder, to bite, gnaw

moreno,-a, dark-complexioned

moribundo,-a, dying

morir, to die;——se, to be dying

moro,-a,a. and s., Moorish; Moor;Arg., blue-roan

morocho,-a, brunette, dark-complexioned

morro, bowlder, cliff

mortal,a. and s., mortal

morueco, ram

mostrador,m., counter, demonstrator

mostrar, to show

motejar, to ridicule, censure

motín,m., riot, uprising

motivar, to cause

motivo, motive;con —— de, with regard to

mover, to move, excite

móvil, varying

móvil,m., cause, motive

movimiento, movement, motion

mozo, youth, attendant;—— de mula, stableboy

muchacha, girl

muchacho, boy

muchachuelo, small boy

muchedumbre,f., crowd

mucho,-a, much

mucho,adv., much

mudanza, change, step of a dance

mudar, to change, move

mudo,-a, mute

muelle,m., pier, quay, dock

muerte,f., death

muerto,-a, dead

mugir, to bellow, roar

mugir,m., bellow, roar

mujer, woman, wife

mula, mule

mulato,-a, mulatto

mulita, armadillo; little mule

multiforme, multiform, of many forms

multiplicar, to multiply

multitud, multitude

mundial, of the world, worldwide

mundo, world

munición, ammunition

municipal, municipal

muralla, wall

murallón,m., battlement

murmullo, whisper, murmur

murmurar, to murmur, grumble

muro, wall

musa, muse

muscular, muscular

muselina, muslin

música, music, band

músico, musician

músico,-a, musical

musitar, to whisper, chant

mutuamente, mutually

muy, very

N

nácar,m., mother-of-pearl

nacer, to be born

naciente, rising

nacimiento, birth

nación, nation

nacional, national

nacionalidad, nationality

nada, nothing

nada, not at all

nada,f., nothingness

nadar, to swim

nadie, no one

naipe,m., playing card

napolitano,-a, Neapolitan

naranja, orange

naranjo, orange tree

nariz,f., nose

narrador, narrator

narrativo,-a, narrative

natal, native, natal

nativo,-a, native

natural,a. and s., natural; native

naturaleza, nature, natural scenery

naturalidad, naturalness

naturalmente, naturally

naufragar, to come to grief, shipwreck

náufrago,-a, shipwrecked

nave,f., ship

navegación, navigation

navegante, navigator

navegar, to navigate

navío, ship

náyade,f., naiad

neblina, fog, mist

nebuloso,-a, nebulous

necedad, foolishness

necesariamente, necessarily

necesario,-a, necessary

necesidad, necessity, need

necesitar, to need

néctar,m., nectar

nefasto,-a, ill-fated

negar, to deny

negativo,-a, negative

negligencia, negligence

negocio, business, affair

negro,-a, black, gloomy

negrusco,-a, blackish

neófito, neophyte, beginner, convert

nervioso,-a, nervous, eager, strong

netedad, clarity, conciseness

neumático,-a, pneumatic

nevado,-a, snowy, snow-laden

ni, nor

nido, nest

niebla, mist, cloud

nieve,f., snow

ninfa, nymph

ninguno,-a, not any, no; no one

niña, girl

niño, child, boy

nitidez, neatness, sharpness

nivel,m., level

nivelar, to level

no, no, not

noble, noble

noblemente, nobly

nobleza, nobility

noción, notion

nocturno,-a, nocturnal


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