NOTICE.

NOTICE.The author of this book delivers lectures on the following subjects:Armenia, Armenians, and the recent Atrocities.The Sultan of Turkey, Hamid the II.American Missions in Turkey.Social and Political Life in Turkey.About 400 stereopticon views, as well as large maps, and costumes are used to illustrate the various lectures, which are highly instructive and entertaining, and never fail of interesting the most critical audiences.The lectures are delivered upon very reasonable terms. For particulars address,Rev. Geo. H. Filian,Cor. Eastern Parkway and Cresent St., Brooklyn, N.Y.From the testimonials of prominent clergymen, authors, and secretaries ofY.M.C.A.’s, the following few are selected.From Dr. R. S. Storrs, President of the American Board of Foreign Missions.Your address to my congregation was admirable in its tone, and its entire impression upon those who heard it. Your knowledge of the facts presented is, of course, accurate and complete; and your method of presenting the facts is clear, impressive, and leaves the minds instructed and the hearts quickened.From the Faculty of Chicago Theological Seminary.This will introduce to you Rev. George H. Filian, a graduate of this Seminary, a man of true character and devotion. He has been obliged to suspend work for a time in Turkey, owing to his faithfulness in preaching the truth, and is recommended to the consideration of Christians throughout America.By order of the Faculty,H. N. Scott, Secretary.From Prof. G. B. Wilcox, D.D., Chicago Theological Seminary.Rev. G. H. Filian, a graduate of this Seminary in 1882, and since pastor of Armenian Evangelical Church, Marsovan, Turkey, is lecturing on Turkish missions and Turkish manners and customs. He isan exceptionally able speaker, and may with all confidence be introduced by any pastor to his congregation. I speak from long and intimate acquaintance.G. B. Wilcox.From Rev. John H. Barrows, D.D., Pastor First Presbyterian Church.Rev. Geo. H. Filian, of Syria, lectured on Constantinople to my people last night, greatly interesting them. His illustrations are excellent, and he speaks with great enthusiasm. The evening’s entertainment was very wholesome, and I cordially commend his worthy lecture. My people have heard him also with pleasure on “Social Life in Turkey.”From the Department Secretary Y.M.C.A. of Chicago, Illinois.Rev. Geo. H. Filian delivered before one of our meetings his interesting lecture on “Missions in Turkey.” I have never heard a speaker more interesting, and that held the attention of the audience in a greater measure than Mr. Filian. He is intelligent upon such a subject. He is versatile in expression, enthusiastic in delivery, and certainly very devout in heart.Daniel Sloan.From the Secretary in charge Central Building, Y.M.C.A., Brooklyn, N.Y.Rev. Geo. H. Filian gave his stereopticon lecture on “Constantinople” before our young men last night, and I am pleased to say that it is a lecture of rare interest and enjoyment. The views are beautiful and very instructive, as they are rarely thrown upon a screen. Mr. Filian has the advantage of speaking from actual experience, and his eloquent words, devoted spirit, and fund of humor quickly win the attention and sympathy of any audience.Arthur B. Wood.From Rev. Henry Van Dyke, D.D., Pastor of the Brick Church, New York.Your lecture before our Young Men’s Society on Monday was a decided success. Every one was interested in what you had to say, and the pictures were excellent. We shall be glad when the time comes to have you with us again.From Rev. George M. Stone, D.D., Hartford.Mr. Filian is thoroughly intelligent on the whole Eastern question, and gives a view of Armenia and its present trial which is exceedingly valuable.From A. C. Dixon, D.D., Pastor Hanson Place Baptist Church, Brooklyn, N.Y.Rev. George H. Filian has lectured twice in the Hanson Place Baptist church, and it gives me pleasure to say that his lectures are interesting and instructive. They stir the heart to work and pray for the relief of persecuted Armenia.From Louis Albert Banks, D.D., Pastor of Hanson Place M. E. Church, Brooklyn, N.Y.I take great pleasure in saying that the Rev. Geo. H. Filian, who has spoken from the platform at Hanson Place M. E. church in behalf of the Armenian Christians, and also lectured in our church on Constantinople, is a very eloquent and earnest speaker, who will attract attention and arouse interest anywhere.Table of ContentsDedication3CONTENTS.vILLUSTRATIONS.viiPREFACE.ixTHE AUTHOR. A SKETCH OF HIS LIFE AND BIRTHPLACE.xiiANTIOCH.xvAUTHOR’S EXPLANATION.xxI.THE LAND OF ARMENIA.21PHYSICAL FEATURES.21NATURAL RESOURCES.24TAXATION.28THE CLIMATE.31TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION.34II.THE PEOPLE OF ARMENIA.39THEIR LINEAGE.39THEIR LANGUAGE.41III.THE ARMENIAN DYNASTIES.451.THE HAIGAZIAN DYNASTY.462.ARSHAGOONIAN OR ARSACID DYNASTY.52Gregory the Illuminator and King Dertad.70THE INTERREGNUM.81Prominent Men; Literature; The Church and the Clergy.81PROMINENT MEN OF THE PERIOD.84Nierses The Great.84Sahag and Mesrob.86Barouyr or Broyerios.88Vartan, Defender of the Faith.90ARMENIAN LITERATURE.92Fifth Century.92Sixth Century.97Seventh Century.98Eighth Century.98Ninth Century.99Tenth Century.99Eleventh Century.99Twelfth Century.99Thirteenth Century.100THE ARMENIAN CHURCH.101THE ARMENIAN CLERGY.1063.THE PAKRADOONIAN DYNASTY.1114.THE RUPENIAN DYNASTY.124IV.RULERS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE.132SULTANS OF THE PAST.132THE PRESENT SULTAN, HAMID II.139THE SULTANATE AND ITS POWERS.158THE SUBLIME PORTE AND THE MOHAMMEDAN RELIGION.161THE SHEIK-UL-ISLAM.165MOHAMMEDANISM AND THE INTERNAL STATE OF TURKEY.166V.THE GREAT POWERS AND THE ARMENIAN QUESTION.175THE ANGLO-TURKISH CONVENTION.176ENGLAND AND THE ARMENIAN QUESTION.177GERMANY AND THE ARMENIAN QUESTION.192RUSSIA AND THE ARMENIANS.194FRANCE AND ARMENIA.200THE POPE OF ROME AND THE ARMENIANS.201AMERICA AND ARMENIA.202VI.THE CAUSES OF THE ATROCITIES.217THE GREAT QUESTION.217FIRST CAUSE.217SECOND CAUSE.220THIRD CAUSE.222FOURTH CAUSE.229FIFTH CAUSE.232VII.THE TURKISH ATROCITIES IN ARMENIA.239THE BEGINNING.239HARPOOT AND ITS VICINITY.261PALOO AND WHAT HAPPENED THERE.266MALATIA AND ITS HARDSHIPS.271THE CITY OF SIVAS AND THE ATROCITIES.275MARSOVAN AND THE ATROCITIES THERE.280CESAREA (KAISERIEH).280AINTAB AND ITS HORRORS.285THE CITY OF BIRIJIK AND THE ATROCITIES.292DIARBEKIR AND ITS STORY.296TREBIZOND AND ITS ATROCITIES.300BAIBURT.302ERZEROUM.303MARASH.305AKHISAR.308ZEITOON.311MISCELLANEOUS313TELEGRAMS FROM HAJIN (ARMENIA).317INFERENCES FROM THE ARMENIAN ATROCITIES.327VIII.THE ARMENIANS OF TO-DAY.334IN THE TURKISH EMPIRE.336IN RUSSIA.341IN PERSIA, INDIA, ETC.344IN EUROPE.345IN AMERICA.346THE ARMENIAN RELIEF ASSOCIATION.348IX.THE FUTURE OF ARMENIA AND THE BATTLE OF ARMAGEDDON.350THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN EUROPE.355THE BATTLE OF ARMAGEDDON.359X.POEMS ON THE ARMENIAN QUESTION.362LORD SALISBURY.362DEUS VULT.363TWO SONNETS.364TO THOSE WHO DIED FOR THEIR FAITH.365ARMENIA.365ARMENIA’S BITTER CRY.366ARMENIA.368ARMENIAN HYMN.369THE LAMENT OF MOTHER ARMENIA.371LIBERTY.372THE WANDERING ARMENIAN TO THE SWALLOW.373ColophonAvailabilityThis eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of theProject Gutenberg Licenseincluded with this eBook or online atwww.gutenberg.org.This eBook is produced by the Online Distributed Proofreading Team atwww.pgdp.net.Scans of this book are available from the Internet Archive (copy1).MetadataTitle:Armenia and Her People; or The Story of ArmeniaAuthor:George H. Filian (1853–)InfoLanguage:EnglishOriginal publication date:1896Revision History2019-04-04 Started.External ReferencesThis Project Gutenberg eBook contains external references. These links may not work for you.CorrectionsThe following corrections have been applied to the text:PageSourceCorrectionEdit distanceN.A.ArshagonnianArshagoonian1N.A.,N.A.[Not in source].1ix:;1xivandAnd1131devasteddevastated2201,262,313[Not in source]“1208barbariousbarbarous1233towhomto whom1235SmyrniaSmyrna1240promishedpromised1253ChristionChristian1313[Not in source]‘1313[Not in source]’1331BiridjikBirijik1335anarchronismanachronism1353[Not in source]to3364S’andStand1373highigh1AbbreviationsOverview of abbreviations used.AbbreviationExpansionD.D.Doctor of DivinityN.J.New JerseyN.Y.New YorkP.S.Post ScriptumU.S.A.United States of AmericaY.M.C.A.Young Men’s Christian Association

NOTICE.

The author of this book delivers lectures on the following subjects:Armenia, Armenians, and the recent Atrocities.The Sultan of Turkey, Hamid the II.American Missions in Turkey.Social and Political Life in Turkey.About 400 stereopticon views, as well as large maps, and costumes are used to illustrate the various lectures, which are highly instructive and entertaining, and never fail of interesting the most critical audiences.The lectures are delivered upon very reasonable terms. For particulars address,Rev. Geo. H. Filian,Cor. Eastern Parkway and Cresent St., Brooklyn, N.Y.From the testimonials of prominent clergymen, authors, and secretaries ofY.M.C.A.’s, the following few are selected.From Dr. R. S. Storrs, President of the American Board of Foreign Missions.Your address to my congregation was admirable in its tone, and its entire impression upon those who heard it. Your knowledge of the facts presented is, of course, accurate and complete; and your method of presenting the facts is clear, impressive, and leaves the minds instructed and the hearts quickened.From the Faculty of Chicago Theological Seminary.This will introduce to you Rev. George H. Filian, a graduate of this Seminary, a man of true character and devotion. He has been obliged to suspend work for a time in Turkey, owing to his faithfulness in preaching the truth, and is recommended to the consideration of Christians throughout America.By order of the Faculty,H. N. Scott, Secretary.From Prof. G. B. Wilcox, D.D., Chicago Theological Seminary.Rev. G. H. Filian, a graduate of this Seminary in 1882, and since pastor of Armenian Evangelical Church, Marsovan, Turkey, is lecturing on Turkish missions and Turkish manners and customs. He isan exceptionally able speaker, and may with all confidence be introduced by any pastor to his congregation. I speak from long and intimate acquaintance.G. B. Wilcox.From Rev. John H. Barrows, D.D., Pastor First Presbyterian Church.Rev. Geo. H. Filian, of Syria, lectured on Constantinople to my people last night, greatly interesting them. His illustrations are excellent, and he speaks with great enthusiasm. The evening’s entertainment was very wholesome, and I cordially commend his worthy lecture. My people have heard him also with pleasure on “Social Life in Turkey.”From the Department Secretary Y.M.C.A. of Chicago, Illinois.Rev. Geo. H. Filian delivered before one of our meetings his interesting lecture on “Missions in Turkey.” I have never heard a speaker more interesting, and that held the attention of the audience in a greater measure than Mr. Filian. He is intelligent upon such a subject. He is versatile in expression, enthusiastic in delivery, and certainly very devout in heart.Daniel Sloan.From the Secretary in charge Central Building, Y.M.C.A., Brooklyn, N.Y.Rev. Geo. H. Filian gave his stereopticon lecture on “Constantinople” before our young men last night, and I am pleased to say that it is a lecture of rare interest and enjoyment. The views are beautiful and very instructive, as they are rarely thrown upon a screen. Mr. Filian has the advantage of speaking from actual experience, and his eloquent words, devoted spirit, and fund of humor quickly win the attention and sympathy of any audience.Arthur B. Wood.From Rev. Henry Van Dyke, D.D., Pastor of the Brick Church, New York.Your lecture before our Young Men’s Society on Monday was a decided success. Every one was interested in what you had to say, and the pictures were excellent. We shall be glad when the time comes to have you with us again.From Rev. George M. Stone, D.D., Hartford.Mr. Filian is thoroughly intelligent on the whole Eastern question, and gives a view of Armenia and its present trial which is exceedingly valuable.From A. C. Dixon, D.D., Pastor Hanson Place Baptist Church, Brooklyn, N.Y.Rev. George H. Filian has lectured twice in the Hanson Place Baptist church, and it gives me pleasure to say that his lectures are interesting and instructive. They stir the heart to work and pray for the relief of persecuted Armenia.From Louis Albert Banks, D.D., Pastor of Hanson Place M. E. Church, Brooklyn, N.Y.I take great pleasure in saying that the Rev. Geo. H. Filian, who has spoken from the platform at Hanson Place M. E. church in behalf of the Armenian Christians, and also lectured in our church on Constantinople, is a very eloquent and earnest speaker, who will attract attention and arouse interest anywhere.

The author of this book delivers lectures on the following subjects:

About 400 stereopticon views, as well as large maps, and costumes are used to illustrate the various lectures, which are highly instructive and entertaining, and never fail of interesting the most critical audiences.

The lectures are delivered upon very reasonable terms. For particulars address,

Rev. Geo. H. Filian,Cor. Eastern Parkway and Cresent St., Brooklyn, N.Y.

From the testimonials of prominent clergymen, authors, and secretaries ofY.M.C.A.’s, the following few are selected.

From Dr. R. S. Storrs, President of the American Board of Foreign Missions.

Your address to my congregation was admirable in its tone, and its entire impression upon those who heard it. Your knowledge of the facts presented is, of course, accurate and complete; and your method of presenting the facts is clear, impressive, and leaves the minds instructed and the hearts quickened.

From the Faculty of Chicago Theological Seminary.

This will introduce to you Rev. George H. Filian, a graduate of this Seminary, a man of true character and devotion. He has been obliged to suspend work for a time in Turkey, owing to his faithfulness in preaching the truth, and is recommended to the consideration of Christians throughout America.By order of the Faculty,H. N. Scott, Secretary.

By order of the Faculty,H. N. Scott, Secretary.

From Prof. G. B. Wilcox, D.D., Chicago Theological Seminary.

Rev. G. H. Filian, a graduate of this Seminary in 1882, and since pastor of Armenian Evangelical Church, Marsovan, Turkey, is lecturing on Turkish missions and Turkish manners and customs. He isan exceptionally able speaker, and may with all confidence be introduced by any pastor to his congregation. I speak from long and intimate acquaintance.G. B. Wilcox.

G. B. Wilcox.

From Rev. John H. Barrows, D.D., Pastor First Presbyterian Church.

Rev. Geo. H. Filian, of Syria, lectured on Constantinople to my people last night, greatly interesting them. His illustrations are excellent, and he speaks with great enthusiasm. The evening’s entertainment was very wholesome, and I cordially commend his worthy lecture. My people have heard him also with pleasure on “Social Life in Turkey.”

From the Department Secretary Y.M.C.A. of Chicago, Illinois.

Rev. Geo. H. Filian delivered before one of our meetings his interesting lecture on “Missions in Turkey.” I have never heard a speaker more interesting, and that held the attention of the audience in a greater measure than Mr. Filian. He is intelligent upon such a subject. He is versatile in expression, enthusiastic in delivery, and certainly very devout in heart.Daniel Sloan.

Daniel Sloan.

From the Secretary in charge Central Building, Y.M.C.A., Brooklyn, N.Y.

Rev. Geo. H. Filian gave his stereopticon lecture on “Constantinople” before our young men last night, and I am pleased to say that it is a lecture of rare interest and enjoyment. The views are beautiful and very instructive, as they are rarely thrown upon a screen. Mr. Filian has the advantage of speaking from actual experience, and his eloquent words, devoted spirit, and fund of humor quickly win the attention and sympathy of any audience.Arthur B. Wood.

Arthur B. Wood.

From Rev. Henry Van Dyke, D.D., Pastor of the Brick Church, New York.

Your lecture before our Young Men’s Society on Monday was a decided success. Every one was interested in what you had to say, and the pictures were excellent. We shall be glad when the time comes to have you with us again.

From Rev. George M. Stone, D.D., Hartford.

Mr. Filian is thoroughly intelligent on the whole Eastern question, and gives a view of Armenia and its present trial which is exceedingly valuable.

From A. C. Dixon, D.D., Pastor Hanson Place Baptist Church, Brooklyn, N.Y.

Rev. George H. Filian has lectured twice in the Hanson Place Baptist church, and it gives me pleasure to say that his lectures are interesting and instructive. They stir the heart to work and pray for the relief of persecuted Armenia.

From Louis Albert Banks, D.D., Pastor of Hanson Place M. E. Church, Brooklyn, N.Y.

I take great pleasure in saying that the Rev. Geo. H. Filian, who has spoken from the platform at Hanson Place M. E. church in behalf of the Armenian Christians, and also lectured in our church on Constantinople, is a very eloquent and earnest speaker, who will attract attention and arouse interest anywhere.

Table of ContentsDedication3CONTENTS.vILLUSTRATIONS.viiPREFACE.ixTHE AUTHOR. A SKETCH OF HIS LIFE AND BIRTHPLACE.xiiANTIOCH.xvAUTHOR’S EXPLANATION.xxI.THE LAND OF ARMENIA.21PHYSICAL FEATURES.21NATURAL RESOURCES.24TAXATION.28THE CLIMATE.31TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION.34II.THE PEOPLE OF ARMENIA.39THEIR LINEAGE.39THEIR LANGUAGE.41III.THE ARMENIAN DYNASTIES.451.THE HAIGAZIAN DYNASTY.462.ARSHAGOONIAN OR ARSACID DYNASTY.52Gregory the Illuminator and King Dertad.70THE INTERREGNUM.81Prominent Men; Literature; The Church and the Clergy.81PROMINENT MEN OF THE PERIOD.84Nierses The Great.84Sahag and Mesrob.86Barouyr or Broyerios.88Vartan, Defender of the Faith.90ARMENIAN LITERATURE.92Fifth Century.92Sixth Century.97Seventh Century.98Eighth Century.98Ninth Century.99Tenth Century.99Eleventh Century.99Twelfth Century.99Thirteenth Century.100THE ARMENIAN CHURCH.101THE ARMENIAN CLERGY.1063.THE PAKRADOONIAN DYNASTY.1114.THE RUPENIAN DYNASTY.124IV.RULERS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE.132SULTANS OF THE PAST.132THE PRESENT SULTAN, HAMID II.139THE SULTANATE AND ITS POWERS.158THE SUBLIME PORTE AND THE MOHAMMEDAN RELIGION.161THE SHEIK-UL-ISLAM.165MOHAMMEDANISM AND THE INTERNAL STATE OF TURKEY.166V.THE GREAT POWERS AND THE ARMENIAN QUESTION.175THE ANGLO-TURKISH CONVENTION.176ENGLAND AND THE ARMENIAN QUESTION.177GERMANY AND THE ARMENIAN QUESTION.192RUSSIA AND THE ARMENIANS.194FRANCE AND ARMENIA.200THE POPE OF ROME AND THE ARMENIANS.201AMERICA AND ARMENIA.202VI.THE CAUSES OF THE ATROCITIES.217THE GREAT QUESTION.217FIRST CAUSE.217SECOND CAUSE.220THIRD CAUSE.222FOURTH CAUSE.229FIFTH CAUSE.232VII.THE TURKISH ATROCITIES IN ARMENIA.239THE BEGINNING.239HARPOOT AND ITS VICINITY.261PALOO AND WHAT HAPPENED THERE.266MALATIA AND ITS HARDSHIPS.271THE CITY OF SIVAS AND THE ATROCITIES.275MARSOVAN AND THE ATROCITIES THERE.280CESAREA (KAISERIEH).280AINTAB AND ITS HORRORS.285THE CITY OF BIRIJIK AND THE ATROCITIES.292DIARBEKIR AND ITS STORY.296TREBIZOND AND ITS ATROCITIES.300BAIBURT.302ERZEROUM.303MARASH.305AKHISAR.308ZEITOON.311MISCELLANEOUS313TELEGRAMS FROM HAJIN (ARMENIA).317INFERENCES FROM THE ARMENIAN ATROCITIES.327VIII.THE ARMENIANS OF TO-DAY.334IN THE TURKISH EMPIRE.336IN RUSSIA.341IN PERSIA, INDIA, ETC.344IN EUROPE.345IN AMERICA.346THE ARMENIAN RELIEF ASSOCIATION.348IX.THE FUTURE OF ARMENIA AND THE BATTLE OF ARMAGEDDON.350THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN EUROPE.355THE BATTLE OF ARMAGEDDON.359X.POEMS ON THE ARMENIAN QUESTION.362LORD SALISBURY.362DEUS VULT.363TWO SONNETS.364TO THOSE WHO DIED FOR THEIR FAITH.365ARMENIA.365ARMENIA’S BITTER CRY.366ARMENIA.368ARMENIAN HYMN.369THE LAMENT OF MOTHER ARMENIA.371LIBERTY.372THE WANDERING ARMENIAN TO THE SWALLOW.373

ColophonAvailabilityThis eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of theProject Gutenberg Licenseincluded with this eBook or online atwww.gutenberg.org.This eBook is produced by the Online Distributed Proofreading Team atwww.pgdp.net.Scans of this book are available from the Internet Archive (copy1).MetadataTitle:Armenia and Her People; or The Story of ArmeniaAuthor:George H. Filian (1853–)InfoLanguage:EnglishOriginal publication date:1896Revision History2019-04-04 Started.External ReferencesThis Project Gutenberg eBook contains external references. These links may not work for you.CorrectionsThe following corrections have been applied to the text:PageSourceCorrectionEdit distanceN.A.ArshagonnianArshagoonian1N.A.,N.A.[Not in source].1ix:;1xivandAnd1131devasteddevastated2201,262,313[Not in source]“1208barbariousbarbarous1233towhomto whom1235SmyrniaSmyrna1240promishedpromised1253ChristionChristian1313[Not in source]‘1313[Not in source]’1331BiridjikBirijik1335anarchronismanachronism1353[Not in source]to3364S’andStand1373highigh1AbbreviationsOverview of abbreviations used.AbbreviationExpansionD.D.Doctor of DivinityN.J.New JerseyN.Y.New YorkP.S.Post ScriptumU.S.A.United States of AmericaY.M.C.A.Young Men’s Christian Association

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of theProject Gutenberg Licenseincluded with this eBook or online atwww.gutenberg.org.

This eBook is produced by the Online Distributed Proofreading Team atwww.pgdp.net.

Scans of this book are available from the Internet Archive (copy1).

This Project Gutenberg eBook contains external references. These links may not work for you.

The following corrections have been applied to the text:

Overview of abbreviations used.

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