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Footnotes:
[1]Comptes Rendus, 1903, December 7.
[2]Nature, April 11, 1907.
[3]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 19 (1904), p. 39.
[4]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 21 (1905), p. 260.
[5]Knowledge, July, 1902, p. 132.
[6]Nature, April 30, 1903.
[7]Ibid., May 18, 1905.
[8]Ibid., May 18, 1905.
[9]Nature, June 29, 1871.
[10]Nature, October 15, 1903.
[11]The Life of the Universe(1909), vol. ii. p. 209.
[12]The World Machine, p. 234.
[13]Quoted inThe Observatory, March 1908, p. 125.
[14]The Observatory, September, 1906.
[15]Nature, March 1, 1900.
[16]Cycle of Celestial Objects, p. 96.
[17]Ast. Nach.No. 3737.
[18]Observatory, September, 1906.
[19]Nature, November 29 and December 20, 1894.
[20]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, July, 1898.
[21]Observatory, vol. 8 (1885), pp. 306-7.
[22]Nature, October 30, 1902.
[23]Charles Lane Poor,The Solar System, p. 170.
[24]Smyth,Celestial Cycle, p. 60.
[25]Denning,Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings, p. 225.
[26]The Observatory, 1894, p. 395.
[27]Ast. Nach.4333, quoted inNature, July 1, 1909, p. 20.
[28]English Mechanic, July 23, 1909.
[29]Nature, December 22, 1892.
[30]Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 52, footnote.
[31]Ibid., p. 54.
[32]Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1892, p. 618.
[33]Nature, August 7, 1879.
[34]The World of Space, p. 56.
[35]Nature, September 15, 1892.
[36]Observatory, 1880, p. 574.
[37]Knowledge, November 1, 1897, pp. 260, 261.
[38]Worlds in the Making, p. 61.
[39]Ibid., p. 48.
[40]Nature, June 1, 1876.
[41]Cel. Objects, vol. i. p. 66 (5th Edition).
[42]Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 65 (5th Edition).
[43]Ast. Nach.No. 1863.
[44]Nature, June 1, 1876.
[45]Ibid., June 8, 1876.
[46]Nature, October 17, 1895.
[47]Ibid., July 27, 1905.
[48]Celestial Cycle, p. 107.
[49]Nature, October 6, 1887.
[50]Ast. Nach., No. 4106.
[51]Copernicus, vol. ii. p. 168.
[52]Cosmos, vol. iv. p. 476, footnote.
[53]Denning,Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings, p. 153.
[54]Ibid., p. 154.
[55]Nature, July 13, 1876.
[56]P. M. Ryves inKnowledge, June 1, 1897, p. 144.
[57]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, August, 1905.
[58]Nature, April 5, 1894.
[59]Nature, May 14, 1896. Some have attributed these “luminous clouds” to light reflected from the dust of the Krakatoa eruption (1883).
[60]The Observatory, 1877, p. 90.
[61]Popular Astronomy, vol. 11 (1903), p. 293.
[62]Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1905), p. 226.
[63]Nature, July 25, 1901 (from Flammarion).
[64]Popular Astronomy, vol. 11 (1903), p. 496.
[65]Kinetic Theories of Gravitation, Washington, 1877.
[66]The Observatory, June, 1894, p. 208.
[67]Nature, June 8, 1899.
[68]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 14 (1901), p. 238, footnote.
[69]Mars as the Abode of Life, p. 52.
[70]Second Book of the Maccabees v. 1-4 (Revised Edition).
[71]Humboldt’sCosmos, vol. i. p. 169 (Otté’s translation).
[72]Quoted by Grant inHistory of Physical Astronomy, p. 71.
[73]Ibid., pp. 100, 101.
[74]Exposition du Système du Monde, quoted by Carl Snyder inThe World Machine, p. 226.
[75]Worlds in the Making, p. 63.
[76]Cosmos, vol. i. p. 131.
[77]The Observatory, June, 1909, p. 261.
[78]Astronomical Essays, pp. 61, 62.
[79]Encyclopædia Britannica(Schiraz).
[80]Monthly Notices, R.A.S., February, 1905.
[81]Nature, March 3, 1870.
[82]Ibid., March 31, 1870, p. 557.
[83]Prof. W. H. Pickering found 12 times (see p. 1).
[84]Nature, January 30, 1908.
[85]Nature, September 5, 1901.
[86]Ibid., July 31, 1890.
[87]Nature, October 16, 1884.
[88]Nature, February 19, 1885.
[89]Nature, January 14, 1909, p. 323.
[90]Photographic Atlas of the Moon, Annals of Harvard Observatory, vol. li. pp. 14, 15.
[91]Nature, January 18, 1906.
[92]Humboldt’sCosmos, vol. iv. p. 481.
[93]Ibid., p. 482.
[94]Monthly Notices, R.A.S., June, 1895.
[95]Humboldt’sCosmos, vol. iv. p. 483 (Otté’s translation).
[96]Grant,History of Physical Astronomy, p. 229.
[97]Popular Astronomy, vol. xvii. No. 6, p. 387 (June-July, 1909).
[98]Nature, October 7, 1875.
[99]Mars as an Abode of Life(1908), p. 281.
[100]Knowledge, May 2, 1886.
[101]Nature, March 12, 1908.
[102]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, April, 1899.
[103]Astronomy and Astrophysics(1894), p. 649.
[104]Nature, April 20, 1905.
[105]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 14 (1901), p. 258.
[106]Nature, August 22, 1907.
[107]Popular Astronomy, vol. 12 (1904), p. 679.
[108]Mars as an Abode of Life, p. 69.
[109]Ibid., p. 146.
[110]Worlds in the Making, p. 49.
[111]Worlds in the Making, p. 53.
[112]Denning,Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings, p. 158.
[113]Ibid., p. 166.
[114]Nature, July 13, 1876.
[115]Nature, May 2, 1907.
[116]Nature, May 30, 1907.
[117]Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, August, 1908.
[118]Monthly Notices, R.A.S., 1902, p. 291.
[119]Monthly Notices, R.A.S., February, 1902, p. 291.
[120]Nature, May 24, 1894.
[121]Ibid., February 14, 1895.
[122]Ibid., September 14, 1905.
[123]Ibid., September 21, 1905.
[124]Ibid., September 28, 1905.
[125]Ibid., July 13, 1905.
[126]Nature, November 3, 1898.
[127]Ibid., July 14, 1881, p. 235.
[128]Quoted inThe Observatory, February, 1896, p. 104, fromAst. Nach., No. 3319.
[129]Monthly Notices, R.A.S., February, 1909.
[130]Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 163.
[131]Nature, December 29, 1898.
[132]Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 166.
[133]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 14 (1901), pp. 248-9.
[134]Nature, August 27, 1908.
[135]Webb’sCelestial Objects, vol. i. p. 177.
[136]Ibid., vol. i. p. 187.
[137]Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 186.
[138]Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1892, p. 87.
[139]Ibid., 1892, pp. 94-5.
[140]Observatory, December, 1891.
[141]Popular Astronomy, vol. 11 (1903), p. 574.
[142]Ibid., October, 1908.
[143]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, August, 1907.
[144]Nature, August, 29 1907.
[145]Ibid., March 7, 1907.
[146]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, June, 1904.
[147]The Observatory, October, 1903, p. 392.
[148]Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1894, p. 277.
[149]Nature, November 18, 1897.
[150]Journal, B.A.A., January, 1907.
[151]Journal, B.A.A., February, 1909, p. 161.
[152]Cosmos, vol. ii. p. 703.
[153]Ibid.
[154]Denning,Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings, p. 349.
[155]Cosmos, vol. iii. p. 75.
[156]Journal, B.A.A., June, 1896.
[157]Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 191.
[158]Nature, May 30, 1901.
[159]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, August, 1900.
[160]Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1892.
[161]Astrophysical Journal, January, 1908, p. 35.
[162]Nature, May 22, 1902.
[163]Ibid., July 9, 1903.
[164]Ibid., July 16, 1903.
[165]Nature, September 24, 1903.
[166]Ibid., October 8, 1903.
[167]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 26 (1907), p. 60.
[168]Nature, January 30, 1908.
[169]Ibid., October 15, 1908.
[170]Ibid., October 29, 1908.
[171]Journal, B.A.A., March, 1908, and June 22, 1908.
[172]Nature, June 25, 1903.
[173]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, June, 1904.
[174]Pop. Ast., vol. 12, pp. 408-9.
[175]Nature, August 29, 1889.
[176]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 26 (1907), p. 62.
[177]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, January, 1904.
[178]Humboldt’sCosmos, vol. iv. p. 532.
[179]Copernicus, vol. ii. p. 64.
[180]Knowledge, May, 1909.
[181]Journal, British Astronomical Association, January, 1909, p. 132.
[182]Ast. Nach., No. 4308.
[183]History of Physical Astronomy, p. 204.
[184]Smyth’sCelestial Cycle, pp. 210, 211.
[185]Poor,The Solar System, p. 274.
[186]Celestial Cycle, p. 246.
[187]Nature, October 2, 1879.
[188]Ibid., May 6, 1880.
[189]Ibid., February 19, 1880.
[190]Nature, September 30, 1897.
[191]Nature, August 5, 1875.
[192]Ibid., October 12, 1882, andCopernicus, vol. iii. p. 85.
[193]Nature, May 8, 1884.
[194]Ibid., June 16, 1887.
[195]Journal, B.A.A., December 13, 1901.
[196]Nature, September 20, 1900.
[197]Ast. Nach., No. 3868, andNature, March 12, 1903.
[198]Nature, November 13, 1908.
[199]Nature, December 7, 1905.
[200]Celestial Cycle, p. 259.
[201]Celestial Cycle, p. 260.
[202]Journal, B.A.A., April, 1907.
[203]Monthly Notices, R.A.S., March, 1908.
[204]Celestial Cycle, p. 231.
[205]Journal, B.A.A., July, 1908.
[206]Popular Astronomy, October, 1908.
[207]Cape Obs., p. 401.
[208]Nature, July 2, 1908.
[209]Journal, B.A.A., January 20, 1909, pp. 123-4.
[210]Chambers’Handbook of Astronomy, Catalogue of Comets.
[211]Seneca, quoted by Chambers,Handbook, vol. i. p. 554 (Fourth Edition).
[212]Ibid.
[213]Ibid.
[214]Ibid., p. 534.
[215]Ibid.
[216]Ma-tuoan-lin, quoted by Chambers,Handbook, p. 570.
[217]Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1893, p. 798.
[218]The Observatory, October, 1898.
[219]Grant’sHistory of Physical Astronomy, p. 293.
[220]Ibid., p. 294.
[221]Humboldt’sCosmos, vol. i. pp. 89, 90 (Otté’s translation).
[222]Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 211, footnote.
[223]Denning,Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings, p. 248.
[224]Ibid., p. 248.
[225]Ibid., p. 250.
[226]Ibid., p. 231.
[227]Vol. iii. p. 106.
[228]Grant’sHistory of Physical Astronomy, p. 298.
[229]Ibid., p. 305.
[230]Humboldt’sCosmos, vol. i. p. 95.
[231]Nature, April 30, 1908.
[232]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, May, 1906.
[233]Nature, November 24, 1904.
[234]Ibid., September 10, 1896.
[235]Ibid., June 29, 1893.
[236]Journal, B.A.A., May 22, 1903.
[237]Nature, December 13, 1906, p. 159.
[238]Nature, September 13, 1906.
[239]Nature, October 12, 1905, p. 596.
[240]Knowledge, January 13, 1882.
[241]Ibid., January 20, 1882.
[242]Popular Astronomy, June-July, 1908, p. 345.
[243]The Observatory, March, 1896, p. 135.
[244]The Observatory, February, 1900, pp. 106-7.
[245]Knowledge, March, 1893, p. 51.
[246]Ibid., July 3, 1885, p. 11.
[247]Cosmos, vol. i. p. 108 (Otté’s translation).
[248]Ibid., vol. i. p. 124.
[249]Ibid., vol. i. p. 119, footnote.
[250]Copernicus, vol. i. p. 72.
[251]Ibid.
[252]Astrophysical Journal, June, 1909, pp. 378-9.
[253]Knowledge, July, 1909, p. 264.
[254]Quoted by Miss Irene E. T. Warner inKnowledge, July, 1909, p. 264.
[255]The Observatory, November, 1900.
[256]Or, “Before the phantom of false morning died” (4th edition);The Observatory, September, 1905, p. 356.
[257]The Observatory, July, 1896, p. 274.
[258]Journal, B.A.A., January 24, 1906.
[259]Ast. Soc. of the Pacific, December, 1908, p. 280.
[260]Nature, November 1, 1906.
[261]Ibid., November 22, 1906, p. 93.
[262]Nature, August 30, 1906.
[263]Cosmos, vol. i. p. 131, footnote.
[264]Nature, December 16, 1875.
[265]Ibid., July 23, 1891.
[266]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, April, 1903.
[267]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, April, 1903.
[268]The Observatory, May, 1896. The italics are Brenner’s.
[269]Cosmos, vol. iv. p. 563.
[270]For details of this enumeration, seeAstronomical Essays, p. 222.
[271]Nature, June 11, 1908.
[272]Popular Astronomy, vol. 14 (1906), p. 510.
[273]Bedford Catalogue, p. 532.
[274]Popular Astronomy, vol. 15 (1907), p. 194.
[275]Popular Astronomy, vol. 15 (1907), p. 195.
[276]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, February, 1903.
[277]Here χ is probably 17 Cygni, χ being the famous variable near it.
[278]Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1904), p. 509.
[279]Astrophysical Journal, December, 1895.
[280]The Observatory, July, 1895, p. 290.
[281]Celestial Cycle, p. 302.
[282]Nature, December 13, 1894.
[283]Histoire Celeste, p. 211.
[284]Nature, October, 1887.
[285]Ibid., August 29, 1889.
[286]Science Abstracts, February 25, 1908, pp. 82, 83.
[287]Bedford Catalogue, pp. 227-8.
[288]Knowledge, February 1, 1888.
[289]Celestial Cycle, p. 280.
[290]Popular Astronomy, February, 1904.
[291]Ibid., vol. 15 (1907), p. 444.
[292]Journal, B.A.A., June, 1899.
[293]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 8 (1898), p. 314.
[294]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 8, p. 213.
[295]Ibid., vol. 17, January to June, 1902.
[296]Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1894, pp. 569-70.
[297]The Study of Stellar Evolution(1908), p. 171.
[298]Astrophysical Journal, January, 1905.
[299]Journal, B.A.A., June, 1901.
[300]Ast. Soc. of the Pacific, December, 1908.
[301]The Observatory, November, 1902, p. 391.
[302]Cosmos, vol. iv. p. 567 (Otté’s translation).
[303]Journal, B.A.A., February, 1898.
[304]The Observatory, April, 1887.
[305]Evangeline, Part the Second, III.
[306]Legend of Robert, Duke of Normandy.
[307]Copernicus, vol. iii. p. 231.
[308]Ibid., p. 61.
[309]Cosmos, vol. i. p. 142.
[310]These apertures are computed from the formula, minimum visible = 9 + 5 log. aperture.
[311]Cosmos, vol. iii. p. 73.
[312]Darwin and Modern Science, p. 563.
[313]Journal, B.A.A., October, 1895.
[314]Burnham’sGeneral Catalogue of Double Stars, p. 494.
[315]Journal, B.A.A., November 18, 1896.
[316]Ibid., B.A.A., January, 1907.
[317]Studies in Astronomy, p. 185.
[318]Knowledge, June, 1891.
[319]Seen by Drs. Ludendorff and Eberhard,The Observatory, April, 1906, p. 166, quoted fromAst. Nach., No. 4067.
[320]The Observatory, January, 1907, p. 61.
[321]Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1894.
[322]Smyth’sCelestial Cycle, p. 223.
[323]Nature, February 7, 1907.
[324]Ibid., March 19, 1908.
[325]Popular Astronomy, vol. 15 (1907), p. 9.
[326]Astrophysical Journal, June, 1907, p. 330.
[327]Ibid., vol. 22, p. 172.
[328]Nature, November 18, 1886.
[329]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 17 (1903), p. 282.
[330]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 12 (1900), p. 54.
[331]Nature, March 21, 1878.
[332]Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, June, 1904.
[333]Journal, B.A.A., vol. 17 (1903), p. 282.
[334]Nature, June 20, 1909.
[335]The Observatory, vol. 7 (1884), p. 17.
[336]The Observatory, vol. 14 (1891), p. 69.
[337]Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1896, p. 54
[338]Nature, August 28, 1902.
[339]Astrophysical Journal, October, 1903.
[340]Nature, May 30, 1907.
[341]Popular Astronomy, February, 1909, p. 125.
[342]The Observatory, May, 1907, p. 216.
[343]Astrophysical Journal, May, 1907.
[344]Histoire de l’Astronomie Moderne, vol. i. pp. 185-6.
[345]Humboldt’sCosmos, vol. iii. p. 210 (Otté’s translation).
[346]Ibid., vol. iii. pp. 213-14.
[347]J. C. Duncan,Lick Observatory Bulletin, No. 151.
[348]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 17, p. 283.
[349]The Origin of the Stars, p. 143.
[350]Ibid., p. 135.
[351]Quoted by Ennis inThe Origin of the Stars, p. 133.
[352]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 20 (1904), p. 357.
[353]Nature, March 8, 1906.
[354]Astronomical Society of the Pacific, August, 1908.
[355]Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1894, p. 812.
[356]The Observatory, May, 1905.
[357]This is a misquotation. See myAstronomical Essays, p. 135.
[358]Nature, February 3, 1870.
[359]Bedford Catalogue, p. 14.
[360]Ibid., p. 307.
[361]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 14, p. 37.
[362]Ibid., vol. 9, p. 149.
[363]Nature, July 20, 1899.
[364]Ast. Nach., No. 3476.
[365]Astronomische Nachrichten, No. 4213.
[366]Astrophysical Journal, vol. 9, p. 149.
[367]Cape Observations, p. 61.
[368]Ibid., p. 85.
[369]Cape Observations, p. 98.
[370]Transactions, Royal Dublin Society, vol. 2.
[371]Ast. Nach., 3628, quoted inThe Observatory, April, 1900.
[372]Nature, April 8, 1909.
[373]Problems in Astrophysics, p. 477.
[374]Ibid., p. 499.
[375]Copernicus, vol. iii. p. 55.
[376]Lick Observatory Bulletin, No. 149.
[377]Ibid.
[378]Ibid.
[379]Monthly Notices, R.A.S., April, 1908, pp. 465-481.
[380]Lick Observatory Bulletin, No. 155 (February, 1909).
[381]Outlines of Astronomy, par. 870 (Edition of 1875).
[382]Georgics, i. II. 217-18.