PlanetMean Distance from SunPeriod of RevolutionVelocity in Orbit(Miles per Second)Eccentricity of OrbitInclination of Orbit to EclipticIn MilesRelative toEarth's DistanceMercury36,000,0000.3987.97 days23 to 35.20567°0'Venus67,200,0000.72224.70 days21.9.0068323Earth92,900,0001.00365.25 days18.5.016700Mars141,500,0001.521.88 years15.0.0933151Asteroids[1]...........2.0-5.2................00 to .400° to 35°Jupiter483,300,0005.2011.86 years8.1.0484118Saturn886,000,0009.5429.46 years6.0.0558229Uranus1,781,900,00019.1984.02 years4.2.0471046Neptune2,971,600,00030.07164.79 years3.4.0085147
THE PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
NameMean Diameter in MilesMassVolumeDensity Relative to that of WaterSurface Gravity(Relative to Earth's)Velocity of Escape(Miles per Second)Reflecting Power in Per CentPeriod of Axial RotationInclination of Equator to OrbitRelative to Earth'sSun864,392329,3901,300,0001.4027.64383.....25 d. 8 h.7°15'Moon2,160.012.023.340.161.5727 d. 7.7 h.641Mercury3,009.045.064.48?0.31?2.2788 d. ??Venus7,575.807.924.85?0.856.659??Earth7,9181.0001.005.531.0074423 h. 56 m.2327Mars4,216.106.153.580.351.51524372359Asteroids5-485[2]very smallvery small3.3.0008 to .04.33 to .017..........Jupiter88,392314.5013091.252.523756955±3°Saturn74,16394.077600.631.0722631014±27°Uranus30,87814.40651.440.9913631045±?Neptune32,93216.72851.090.871473??
TABLE II
THE SATELLITES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
NameApparent MagnitudeMean Distance fromPlanet's Center,in milesDiameter in milesPeriod of RevolutionDiscovererYear of DiscoveryTHE EARTHMoon238,857216027 days, 7 hours, 43 minutesMARS1. Phobos145,85010?0 days, 7 hours, 39 minutesAsaph Hall18772. Deimos1314,65010?1 day, 6 hours, 17 minutesAsaph Hall1877JUPITERv.13112,500100?0 day, 11 hours, 57 minutesBarnard1892i.6.5261,00024521 day, 18 hours, 28 minutesGalileo1610ii.6.5415,00020453 days, 13 hours, 14 minutesGalileo1610iii.6664,00035587 days, 3 hours, 43 minutesGalileo1610iv.71,167,000334516 days, 16 hours, 32 minutesGalileo1610vi.147,372,000small266 days, 0 hours, 0 minutesPerrine1904vii.167,567,900very small276 days, 16 hours, 5 minutesPerrine1905viii.1715,600,000very small789 days, 0 hours, 0 minutesMelotte1908ix.1918,900,00020?3 yearsNicholson1914SATURN1. Meimas15117,0006000 days, 22 hours, 37 minutesHerschel17892. Enceladus14157,0008001 day, 8 hours, 53 minutesHerschel17893. Tethys11186,00012001 day, 21 hours, 18 minutesCassini16844. Dione11238,00011002 days, 17 hours, 41 minutesCassini16845. Rhea10332,00015004 days, 12 hours, 25 minutesCassini16726. Titan9771,000300015 days, 22 hours, 41 minutesHuygens16557. Hyperion16934,00050021 days, 6 hours, 39 minutesBond18488. Japetus112,225,000200079 days, 7 hours, 54 minutesCassini16719. Phoebe178,000,000200?546 days, 12 hours, 0 minutesW.H. Pickering189810. Themis17906,000?20 days, 20 hours, 24 minutesW.H. Pickering1905URANUS1. Ariel15120,0005002 days, 12 hours, 29 minutesLassell18512. Umbriel16167,0004004 days, 3 hours, 28 minutesLassell18513. Titania13273,00010008 days, 16 hours, 56 minutesHerschel17874. Oberon14365,00080013 days, 11 hours, 7 minutesHerschel1787NEPTUNE1. Nameless13221,50020005 days, 21 hours, 3 minutesLassell1846
RINGS OF SATURN
NameWidth, in milesDistance of Inner Edgefrom Surface of Saturn,in milesDistance of Outer Edgefrom Surface of Saturn,in milesDiameter of Ring System from outer edge to outer edge, 172,500 miles.Thickness of Ring System, about one hundred miles.Size of Individual Moonlets, probably less than three miles in diameter.Dark or Crape Ring10,9005,90016,800Bright Ring18,00016,80034,800Cassini's Division2,20034,80037,000Outer Ring11,00037,00048,000
TABLE III
THE TWENTY BRIGHTEST STARS IN THE HEAVENS
NameMagnitudeColorOn Meridian 9 P. M.Passes through the Zenithin LatitudeDistance in Light-YearsSirius, Alpha Canis Majoris-1.6WhiteFebruary 1217 S.8.8Canopus,[3]Alpha Argus-0.9WhiteFebruary 853 S.?Alpha Centauri[3]0.1YellowJune 1561 S.4.3Vega, Alpha Lyræ0.1WhiteAugust 1539 N.40Capella, Alpha Aurigæ0.2YellowJanuary 2046 N.38Arcturus, Alpha Boötis0.2OrangeJune 1020 N.21Rigel, Beta Orionis0.8Bluish-WhiteJanuary 208 S.?Procyon, Alpha Canis Minoris0.5WhiteFebruary 265 N.12Achernar,[3]Alpha Eridani0.6Bluish-WhiteDecember 258 S.80Beta Centauri0.9Bluish-WhiteJune 760 S.100Betelgeuze, Alpha OrionisVar. 1.0-1.4RedJanuary 317 N.150-270?Altair, Alpha Aquilæ0.9WhiteSeptember 49 N.16Alpha Crucis[3](Double Star)1.6-2.1Bluish-WhiteMay 1463 S.220Aldebaran, Alpha Tauri1.1RedJanuary 1116 N.27Pollux, Beta Geminorum1.2YellowFebruary 2828 N.35Spica, Alpha Virginis1.2Bluish-WhiteMay 2911 S.?Antares, Alpha Scorpii1.2RedJuly 1226 S.850Fomalhaut, Alpha Piscis Australis1.3WhiteOctober 2430 S.25Deneb, Alpha Cygni1.3WhiteSeptember 1945 N.?Regulus, Alpha Leonis1.3WhiteApril 812 N.32
TABLE IV
A LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL CONSTELLATIONS1. VISIBLE IN 40° NORTH LATITUDE
NameChief Star or Noted ObjectOn Meridian 9 P. M.Passes Overhead in Latitude[4](Degrees)AndromedaGreat NebulaNovember35 N.AquariusOctober5 S.AquilaAltairSeptember0°AriesDecember20 N.AurigaCapellaFebruary40 N.BoötesArcturusJune30 N.CancerPraesepeMarch20 N.Canes VenaticiCor CaroliJune40 N.Canis MajorSiriusMarch20 S.Canis MinorProcyonMarch10 N.CapricornusOctober15 S.CassiopeiaNovember60 N.CepheusNovember70 N.CetusMiraDecember5 S.ColumbaFebruary35 S.Coma BerenicesMay25 N.Corona BorealisAlpheccaJuly30 N.CorvusMay20 S.CraterMay15 S.Cygnus.DenebSeptember40 N.DelphinusMost distant globular clusterSeptember15 N.DracoAlphaAugust65 N.EridanusAchernarJanuary10° N. to 60° S.GeminiPolluxMarch25 N.HerculesGreat ClusterJuly30 N.HydraApril20 S.LeoRegulusApril15 N.LepusFebruary20 S.LibraJune15 S.LynxApril45 N.LyraVegaAugust40 N.OphiuchusJuly10 S.OrionGreat NebulaFebruary0°Piscis AustralisFomalhautOctober30 S.PegasusNovember20 N.PerseusAlgolJanuary50 N.PiscesDecember5 N.SagittaSeptember20 N.SagittariusAugust30 S.ScorpioAntaresJuly30 S.SerpensJuly20° N. to 15° S.TaurusPleiadesJanuary20 N.TriangulumDecember35 N.Ursa MajorMizarMay65 N.Ursa MinorPolaris85 N.VirgoSpicaJune0°
2. INVISIBLE IN 40° NORTH LATITUDE
NameChief Star or Noted ObjectOn Meridian 9 P. M.Passes Overhead in Latitude[4](Degrees)ApusJuly75 S.AraJuly55 S.Argo NavisCanopusMarch50 S.1. CarinaMarch60 S.2. PuppisMarch45 S.3. VelaMarch50 S.CentaurusAlpha CentauriJune50 S.Crux (Southern Cross)Alpha CrucisJune60 S.DoradoGt. Magellanic CloudFebruary58 S.GrusOctober45 S.HydrusLesser Mag. Cloud70 S.IndusSeptember55 S.LupusJune40 S.MuscaJune70 S.Octans85 S.PavoOctober65 S.PhoenixNovember45 S.TelescopiumJuly48 S.Triangulum AustraleJuly65 S.TucanaGreat ClusterNovember60 S.VolansMarch75 S.
TABLE V
PRONUNCIATIONS AND MEANINGS OF NAMES OF STARS AND CONSTELLATIONS
1. STARS
NamePronunciationMeaningAchernara-ke´r-närEnd-of-the-RiverAldebaranal-de´b-ar-anThe HindmostAltairal-ta´rAntaresan-ta´-rezRival of Ares (Mars)Arcturusärk-t´u-rusBellatrixbel-la´trixThe Female WarriorBetelgeuzebe´t-el-gerz or be´t-el-gezThe Arm-PitCanopuscän-o´-pusCapellaca-pel-laLittle She-GoatDenebde´n-ebDenebolade-ne´b-o-laThe Lion's TailFomalhautfo´-mal-oThe Fish's MouthHyadeshi-a-dezThe Rainy OnesPleiadesple´-ad-ezPolluxpo´l-luxPraesepepre-se´-peThe BeehiveProcyonpro-si´-onPrecursor of the DogRegulusreg´-u-lusThe RulerRigelri´-gel or ri-jelSiriussir´-i-usThe Sparkling OneSpicaspi´-kaThe Ear of WheatVegave´-ga
2. CONSTELLATIONS
NamePronunciationMeaningAndromedaan-d´rom-e-daThe Woman ChainedAquariusa-kw´a-ri-usThe Water-bearerAquilaa´k-wi-laThe EagleAraa´-raThe AltarArgo Navisä´r-go-n´a-visThe Ship ArgoAriesa´-resThe RamAurigaäw-ri´-gaThe CharioteerBoötesbo-o´-tezThe HerdsmanCancerca´n-serThe CrabCanes Venaticica´-nez ven-a´t-i-siThe Hunting DogsCanis Majorca´-nis ma´jorThe Greater DogCanis Minorca´-nis mi´norThe Lesser DogCapricornusca´p-ri-kö´r-nusThe GoatCassiopeiaca´s-si-o-p´e-yaCentauruscen-tä´w-rusThe CentaurCepheusse-fe-usCetuss´e-tusThe WhaleColumbacol-u´m-baThe DoveComa Berenicesco´ma ber-e-ni-sesBerenice's HairCorona Borealisco-ro´-na bo-re-a´-lisThe Northern CrownCorvuscô´r-vusThe CrowCratercr´a-terThe CupCruxkru´xThe CrossCygnussi´g-nusThe SwanDelphinusdel-fi´-nusThe DolphinDoradodôr-a´-doThe GoldfishDracodra´-coThe DragonEridanuse-ri´d-a-nusThe River EridanusGeminijem´-i-niThe TwinsGrusgru´sThe CraneHerculesher-ku-lezHydrahi´-draThe Water-snakeHydrushi´-drusThe SerpentIndusi´nd-usThe IndianLeole´-oThe LionLepusle´-pusThe HareLibrali´-braThe ScalesLupuslu´-pusThe WolfLynxThe FoxLyrali´-raThe LyreMuscamus´-caThe FlyOctanso´ct-ansThe OctantOphiuchuso´-fi-u´-kusThe Serpent-holderOriono-ri´-onThe WarriorPavopä´-voThe PeacockPhoenixfe´-nixPiscis Australispi´s-sis aus-tra´-lisThe Southern FishPegasuspeg´-a-susThe Winged HorsePerseuspe´r-se-us or per-susPiscespi´s-sezThe FishesSagittasa-ji´t-taThe ArrowSagittariussa-jit-ta´-ri-usThe ArcherScorpioskô´r-pi-oThe ScorpionSerpensser-pensThe SerpentTaurustäu-rusThe BullTelescopiumtel-es-cop´-i-umThe TelescopeTriangulumtri-a´n-gu-lumThe TriangleTucanatu´c-an-aThe ToucanUrsa Majoru´r-sa ma´-jorThe Greater BearUrsa Minoru´r-sa mi´-norThe Lesser BearVirgove´r-goThe MaidenVolansvo´l-ansThe Flying Fish
FOOTNOTES:[1]About 940 have been discovered up to the present time.[2]Extreme values.[3]Invisible north of 35° N. Lat. (approximate).[4]The approximate position of the center of the constellation.
FOOTNOTES:
[1]About 940 have been discovered up to the present time.
[1]About 940 have been discovered up to the present time.
[2]Extreme values.
[2]Extreme values.
[3]Invisible north of 35° N. Lat. (approximate).
[3]Invisible north of 35° N. Lat. (approximate).
[4]The approximate position of the center of the constellation.
[4]The approximate position of the center of the constellation.
Transcriber's Note:Obvious typographical errors have been repaired.Mid-paragraph illustrations were moved near to the text describing the illustrated material.Redundant title—Astronomy for Young Folks—on p. 3 was deleted.P. 3: Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth—"Canst" is assumed in blank space.P. 25: brighter object than the nearby star Aldebaran—"star" is assumed in blank space.P. 122: Illustration originally stated "See note page 126". That statement was removed, and the actual note from page 126 was moved to its place with the illustration.P. 174: [...]—duplicate of later line "occurred at L'Aigle, France, in 1803. Between two" appeared at this spot. Possible missing text where the line occurred.Data in tables retained as in original, but may be incorrect—for example, theescape velocity of Mars, represented as 1.5 miles per second in Table I, is closer to 3.1.
Transcriber's Note:
Obvious typographical errors have been repaired.
Mid-paragraph illustrations were moved near to the text describing the illustrated material.
Redundant title—Astronomy for Young Folks—on p. 3 was deleted.
P. 3: Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth—"Canst" is assumed in blank space.
P. 25: brighter object than the nearby star Aldebaran—"star" is assumed in blank space.
P. 122: Illustration originally stated "See note page 126". That statement was removed, and the actual note from page 126 was moved to its place with the illustration.
P. 174: [...]—duplicate of later line "occurred at L'Aigle, France, in 1803. Between two" appeared at this spot. Possible missing text where the line occurred.
Data in tables retained as in original, but may be incorrect—for example, theescape velocity of Mars, represented as 1.5 miles per second in Table I, is closer to 3.1.