1886. `Melbourne Punch,' July 15, Cartoon Verses:
"Cattle-duffers on a jury may be honest men enough,But they're bound to visit lightly sins in thosewho cattle duff."
1852. `Settlers and Convicts; or Recollections of Sixteen Years' Labour in the Australian Backwoods,' p. 294:
"A Cattle-racket. The term at the head of this chapter was originally applied in New South Wales to the agitation of society which took place when some wholesale system of plunder in cattle was brought to light. It is now commonly applied to any circumstance of this sort, whether greater or less, and whether springing from a felonious intent or accidental."
1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 127:
"Called `caustic-creeper' in Queensland. Called `milk-plant' and `pox-plant' about Bourke. This weed is unquestionably poisonous to sheep, and has recently (Oct. 1887) been reported as having been fatal to a flock near Bourke, New South Wales. . . . When eaten by sheep in the early morning, before the heat of the sun has dried it up, it is almost certain to be fatal. Its effect on sheep is curious. The head swells to an enormous extent, becoming so heavy that the animal cannot support it, and therefore drags it along the ground; the ears suppurate. (Bailey and Gordon.)"
Bastard Pencil Cedar—Dysoxylon rfum, Benth., N.O. Meliaceae.
Brown C.—Ehretia acuminata, R. Br., N.O. Asperifoliae.
Ordinary or Red C.— Cedrela australis, F. v. M. Cedrela toona, R. Br., N.O. Meliaceae. [C. toona is the "Toon" tree of India: its timber is known in the English market as Moulmein Cedar; but the Baron von Mueller doubts the identity of the Australian Cedar with the "Toon" tree; hence his name australis.]
Pencil C.—Dysoxylon Fraserianum, Benth., N.O. Meliaceae.
Scrub White C.— Pentaceras australis, Hook. and Don.,N.O. Rutacea.
White C.—Melia composita, Willd., N.O. Meliaceae.
Yellow C.—Rhus rhodanthema, F. v. M., N.O. Anacardiacae.
In Tasmania, three species of the genus Arthrotaxis arecalled Cedars or Pencil Cedars; namely, A. cupressoides,Don., known as the King William Pine; A. laxifolza,Hook., the Mountain Pine; and A. selaginoides, Don., theRed Pine. All these are peculiar to the island.
In New Zealand, the name of Cedar is applied to Libocedrus bidwillii, Hook., N.O. Coniferae; Maori name, Pahautea.
1838. T. L. Mitchell, `Three Expeditions, vol. i. p. 328:
"The cedar of the colony (Cedrela toona, R. Br.), which is to be found only in some rocky gullies of the coast range."
1883. F. M. Bailey, `Synopsis of Queensland Flora,' p. 63:
"Besides being valuable as a timber-producing tree, this red cedar has many medicinal properties. The bark is spoken of as a powerful astringent, and, though not bitter, said to be a good substitute for Peruvian bark in the cure of remitting and intermitting fevers."
1883. J. Hector, `Handbook of New Zealand,' p. 123:
"Pahautea, Cedar. A handsome conical tree sixty to eighty feet high, two to three feet in diameter. In Otago it produces a dark-red, freeworking timber, rather brittle . . . frequently mistaken for totara."
1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 7:
"Australian Celery. This plant may be utilised as a culinary vegetable. (Mueller.) It is not endemic in Australia."
1889. T. Kirk, `Forest Flora of New Zealand,' p. 9:
"The tanekaha is one of the remarkable `celery-topped pines,' and was discovered by Banks and Solander during Cook's first voyage."
1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 175:
"Native centaury . . . is useful as a tonic medicine, especially in diarrhoea and dysentery. The whole plant is used and is pleasantly bitter. It is common enough in grass-land, and appears to be increasing in popularity as a domestic remedy."
1896. J. S. Laurie, `Story of Australasia,' p. 299:
"For telegraphic, postal, and general purposes one word is desirable for a name—e.g. why not Centralia; for West Australia, Westralia; for New South Wales, Eastralia?"
1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 588:
"Cheesewood is yellowish-white, very hard, and of uniform texture and colour. It was once used for clubs by the aboriginals of Tasmania. It turns well, and should be tested for wood engraving. (`Jurors' Reports, London International Exhibition of 1862.') It is much esteemed for axe-handles, billiard-cues, etc."
1801. `History of New South Wales' (1818), p. 242:
"Of native fruits, a cherry, insipid in comparison of the European sorts, was found true to the singularity which characterizes every New South Wales production, the stone being on the outside of the fruit."
1830. R. Dawson, `Present State of Australia,' p. 411:
"The shrub which is called the native cherry-tree appears like a species of cyprus, producing its fruit with the stone united to it on the outside, the fruit and the stone being each about the size of a small pea. The fruit, when ripe, is similar in colour to the Mayduke cherry, but of a sweet and somewhat better quality, and slightly astringent to the palate, possessing, upon the whole, an agreeable flavour."
1852. G. C. Mundy, `Our Antipodes' (edition 1851, p. 219:
"The cherry-tree resembles a cypress but is of a tenderer green, bearing a worthless little berry, having its stone or seed outside, whence its scientific name of exocarpus."
1855. W. Howitt, `Two Years in Victoria,' vol. i. p. 33:
"We also ate the Australian cherry, which has its stone, not on the outside, enclosing the fruit, as the usual phrase would indicate, but on the end with the fruit behind it. The stone is only about the size of a sweet-pea, and the fruit only about twice that size, altogether not unlike a yew-berry, but of a very pale red. It grows on a tree just like an arbor vitae, and is well tasted, though not at all like a cherry in flavour."
1877. F. v. Mueller, `Botanic Teachings,' p. 40:
"The principal of these kinds of trees received its generic name first from the French naturalist La Billardiere, during D'Entrecasteaux's Expedition. It was our common Exocarpus cupressiformis, which he described, and which has been mentioned so often in popular works as a cherry-tree, bearing its stone outside of the pulp. That this crude notion of the structure of the fruit is erroneous, must be apparent on thoughtful contemplation, for it is evident at the first glance, that the red edible part of our ordinary exocarpus constitutes merely an enlarged and succulent fruit-stalklet (pedicel), and that the hard dry and greenish portion, strangely compared to a cherry-stone, forms the real fruit, containing the seed."
1889. J. H. `Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 30:
"The fruit is edible. The nut is seated on the enlarged succulent pedicel. This is the poor little fruit of which so much has been written in English descriptions of the peculiarities of the Australian flora. It has been likened to a cherry with the stone outside (hence the vernacular name) by some imaginative person."
1893. `Sydney Morning Herald,' Aug. 19, p. 7, col. 1:
"Grass-trees and the brown brake-fern, whips of native cherry, and all the threads and tangle of the earth's green russet vestment hide the feet of trees which lean and lounge between us and the water, their leaf heads tinselled by the light."
1848. J. Gould, `Birds of Australia,' vol. iv. p. 70:
"Melithreptus Validirostris, Gould. Strong-billed Honey-eater [q.v.]. Cherry-picker, colonists of Van Diemen's Land."
1882. A. J. Boyd, `Old Colonials,' p. 233:
"The pleasant traits of character in our colonialised `Chinkie,' as he is vulgarly termed (with the single variation `Chow')."
1872. G. S. Baden-Powell,'New Homes for the Old Country,' p. 207:
"Another fence, known as `chock and log,' is composed of long logs, resting on piles of chocks, or short blocks of wood."
1890. `The Argus.' Sept. 20, p. 13, col. 5:
"And to finish the Riverine picture, there comes a herd of kangaroos disturbed from their feeding-ground, leaping through the air, bounding over the wire and `chock-and-log' fences like so many india-rubber automatons."
1852. Mrs. Meredith, `My Home in Tasmania,' p. 184:
"Sheep-shearing in November, hot midsummer weather at Christmas, the bed of a river the driest walk, and corn harvest in February, were things strangely at variance with my Old-World notions."
1896. H. Lawson, `When the World was Wide,' p. 164:
"One Christmas time when months of droughtHad parched the western creeks,The bush-fires started in the northAnd travelled south for weeks."
1888. Mrs. McCann, `Poetical Works,' p. 226:
"Gorgeous tints adorn the Christmas bush with a crimson blush."
1867. F. Hochstetter, `New Zealand,' p. 240:
"Some few scattered Pohutukaua trees (Metrosideros tomentosa), the last remains of the beautiful vegetation . . . About Christmas these trees are full of charming purple blossoms; the settler decorates his church and dwelling with its lovely branches, and calls the tree `Christmas-tree'! "
1888. D. Macdonald, `Gum Boughs,' p. 186:
"The Christmas-tree is in a sense the counterpart of the holly of the home countries. As the scarlet berry gives its ruddy colour to Christmas decorations in `the old country,' so here the creamy blossoms of the Christmas-tree are the only shrub flowers that survive the blaze of midsummer."
1889. E. H. and S. Featon, `New Zealand Flora,' p. 163:
"The Pohutukawa blossoms in December, when its profusion of elegant crimson-tasselled flowers imparts a beauty to the rugged coast-line and sheltered bays which may fairly be called enchanting. To the settlers it is known as the `Christmas-tree,' and sprays of its foliage and flowers are used to decorate churches and dwellings during the festive Christmastide. To the Maoris this tree must possess a weird significance, since it is related in their traditions that at the extreme end of New Zealand there grows a Pohutukawa from which a root descends to the beach below. The spirits of the dead are supposed to descend by this to an opening, which is said to be the entrance to `Te Reinga.'"
1885. R. M. Praed, `Australian Life,' p. 146:
"To gather chucky-chuckies—as the blacks name that most delicious of native berries."
1891. T. H. Potts, `Out in the Open,' `New Zealand Country Journal,' vol. xv. p. 198:
"When out of breath, hot and thirsty, how one longed for a handful of chuckie-chucks. In their season how good we used to think these fruits of the gaultheria, or rather its thickened calyx. A few handfuls were excellent in quenching one's thirst, and so plentifully did the plant abound that quantities could soon be gathered. In these rude and simple days, when housekeepers in the hills tried to convert carrots and beet-root into apricot and damson preserves, these notable women sometimes encouraged children to collect sufficient chuckie-chucks to make preserve. The result was a jam of a sweet mawkish flavour that gave some idea of a whiff caught in passing a hair-dresser's shop."
1874. Garnet Walch, `Adamanta,' Act ii. sc. ii. p. 27:
"I've learnt to chi-ike peelers."
[Here the Australian pronunciation is also caught. Barere and Leland give "chi-iked (tailors), chaffed unmercifully," but without explanation.]
1878. `The Australian,' vol. i. p. 742 :
"The circle of frivolous youths who were yelping at and chy-acking him."
1894. E. W. Hornung, `Boss of Taroomba,' p. 5:
"It's our way up here, you know, to chi-ak each other and our visitors too."
1895. G. Metcalfe, `Australian Zoology,' p. 62:
"The Cicada is often erroneously called a locust. . . . It is remarkable for the loud song, or chirruping whirr, of the males in the heat of summer; numbers of them on the hottest days produce an almost deafening sound."
1830. Ross, `Hobart Town Almanack,' p. 119:
"Specimens of that species of eucalyptus called the cider-tree, from its exuding a quantity of saccharine liquid resembling molasses. . . . When allowed to remain some time and to ferment, it settles into a coarse sort of wine or cider, rather intoxicating if drank to any excess."
"To declare any borough, including the city of Melbourne and the town of Geelong, having in the year preceding such declaration a gross revenue of not less than twenty thousand pounds, a city."
1858. T. McCombie, `History of Victoria,' c. xiv. p. 213:
"A family named Cavanagh . . . entered a half-worked claim."
1863. H. Fawcett, `Political Economy,' pt. iii. c. vi. p. 359 (`O.E.D.'):
"The claim upon which he purchases permission to dig."
1887. H. H. Hayter, `Christmas Adventure,' p. 3:
"I decided . . . a claim to take up."
1875. John Forrest, `Explorations in Australia,' p. 260:
"We travelled down the road for about thirty-three miles over stony plains; many clay-pans with water but no feed."
1896. Baldwin Spencer, `Horne Expedition in Central Australia,' Narrative, vol. i. p. 17:
"One of the most striking features of the central area and especially amongst the loamy plains and sandhills, is the number of clay-pans. These are shallow depressions, with no outlet, varying in length from a few yards to half a mile, where the surface is covered with a thin clayey material, which seems to prevent the water from sinking as rapidly as it does in other parts."
1881. A. C. Grant, `Bush Life in Queensland,' vol. i. p. 206:
"These clean-skins, as they are often called, to distinguish them from the branded cattle."
1884. Rolf Boldrewood, `Melbourne Memories,' c. xv. p. 109:
"Strangers and pilgrims, calves and clear-skins, are separated at the same time."
1889. Rev. J. H. Zillmann, `Australian Life,' p. 82:
"`Clear-skins,' as unbranded cattle were commonly called, were taken charge of at once."
1893. `The Argus,' April 29, p.4, col. 4:
"As they fed slowly homeward bellowing for their calves, and lowing for their mates, the wondering clean-skins would come up in a compact body, tearing, ripping, kicking, and moaning, working round and round them in awkward, loblolly canter."
1846. J. L. Stokes, `Discoveries in Australia,' vol. i. c. x. p. 321:
"[They] held a small piece of land on what is called a clearing lease—that is to say, they were allowed to retain possession of it for so many years for the labour of clearing the land."
1834. Ross, `Van Diemen's Land Annual,' p. 124:
"The beautiful species of clematis called aristata, which may be seen in the months of November and December, spreading forth its milk-white blossoms over the shrubs . . . in other places rising up to the top of the highest gum-trees."
1892. `Otago Witness,' Nov.24, `Native Trees':
"Hooker says the genus Clianthus consists of the Australian and New Zealand species only, the latter is therefore clearly indigenous. `One of the most beautiful plants known' (Hooker). Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Solandel found it during Cook's first voyage."
1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 143:
`From its abundance in the neighbourhood of Menindie, it is often called Menindie-clover.' It is the `Australian shamrock' of Mitchell. This perennial, fragrant, clover-like plant is a good pasture herb."
1874. W. H. L. Ranken, `Dominion of Australia,' c. vi. p. 110:
"To get them [sc. wild cattle] a party of stockmen take a small herd of quiet cattle, `coaches.'"
1874. W. H. L. Ranken, `Dominion of Australia,' c. vi. p. 121:
"Here he [the wild horse] may be got by `coaching' like wild cattle."
1827. Vigors and Horsfield, `Transactions of Linnaean Society,' vol. xv. p. 330:
"This bird is more often heard than seen. It inhabits bushes. The loud cracking whip-like noise it makes (from whence the colonists give it the name of coachwhip), may be heard from a great distance."
1827. P. Cunningham, `Two Years in New South Wales,' vol. ii. p. 158:
"If you should hear a coachwhip crack behind, you may instinctively start aside to let the mail pass; but quickly find it is only our native coachman with his spread-out fantail and perked-up crest, whistling and cracking out his whip-like notes as he hops sprucely from branch to branch."
1844. Mrs. Meredith, `Notes and Sketches of New South Wales,' p. 137:
"Another equally singular voice among our feathered friends was that of the `coachman,' than which no title could be more appropriate, his chief note being a long clear whistle, with a smart crack of the whip to finish with."
1845. R. Howitt, `Australia,' p. 177:
"The bell-bird, by the river heard;The whip-bird, which surprised I hear,In me have powerful memories stirredOf other scenes and strains more dear;Of sweeter songs than these afford,The thrush and blackbird warbling clear."—Old Impressions.
1846. G. H. Haydon, `Five Years in Australia Felix,' p. 71:
"The coach-whip is a small bird about the size of a sparrow, found near rivers. It derives its name from its note, a slow, clear whistle, concluded by a sharp jerking noise like the crack of a whip."
1855. W. Howitt, `Two Years in Victoria,' vol. ii. p. 76:
"The whip-bird, whose sharp wiry notes, even, are far more agreeable than the barking of dogs and the swearing of diggers."
1881. A. C. Grant, `Bush Life in Queensland,' vol. i. p. 24:
"That is the coach-whip bird. There again.Whew-ew-ew-ew-whit. How sharply the last note sounds."
1887. R. M. Praed, `Longleat of Kooralbyn,' c. vi. p. 54:
"The sharp st—wt of the whip-bird . . . echoed through the gorge."
1888. James Thomas, `May o' the South,' `Australian Poets 1788-1888' (ed. Sladen), p. 552:
"Merrily the wagtail nowChatters on the ti-tree bough,While the crested coachman bird`Midst the underwood is heard."
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Squatter's Dream,' xxv. 295:
"I ain't like you, Towney, able to coast about without a job of work from shearin' to shearin'."
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Squatter's Dream,' viii. 75:
"A voluble, good-for-nothing, loafing impostor, a regular `coaster.'"
1861. T. McCombie, `Australian Sketches,' p. 184:
"Mr. Cobb was an American, and has returned long ago to his native country. He started a line of conveyances from Melbourne to Castlemaine some time after the gold discoveries. Mr. Cobb had spirit to buy good horses, to get first-class American coaches, to employ good Yankee whips, and in a couple of years or so he had been so extensively patronised that he sold out, and retired with a moderate fortune." [But the Coaching Company retained . . . the style of Cobb & Co.]
1879 (about). `Queensland Bush Song':
"Hurrah for the Roma Railway!Hurrah for Cobb and Co.!Hurrah, hurrah for a good fat horseTo carry me Westward Ho!"
1893. `The Herald' (Melbourne), Dec. 23, p. 6, col. 1:
"Every one might not know what a `cobbler' is. It is the last sheep in a catching pen, and consequently a bad one to shear, as the easy ones are picked first. The cobbler must be taken out before `Sheep-ho' will fill up again. In the harvest field English rustics used to say, when picking up the last sheaf, `This is what the cobbler threw at his wife.' `What?' `The last,' with that lusty laugh, which, though it might betray `a vacant mind,' comes from a very healthy organism."
1848. J. Gould, `Birds of Australia,' vol. iv. pl. 61:
"Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris, Lath., Slender-billed Spine-bill. Cobbler's Awl, Colonists of Van Diemen's Land. Spine-bill, Colonists of New South Wales."
1881. A. C. Grant, `Bush Life in Queensland,' vol. i. p. 31:
"The black fellow who lives in the bush bestows but small attention on his cobra, as the head is usually called in the pigeon-English which they employ."
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Colonial Reformer,' c. xiii. p. 134:
"I should be cock-sure that having an empty cobbra, as the blacks say, was on the main track that led to the grog-camp."
1896. `The Australasian,' Aug. 28, p. 407, col. 3:
"During my stay in New Zealand my little girl caught a fish rather larger than an English minnow. Her young companions called it a `cock-a bully.' It was pretty obvious to scent a corruption of a Maori word, for, mark you, cock-a-bully has no meaning. It looks as if it were English and full of meaning. Reflect an instant and it has none. The Maori name for the fish is `kokopu'"
Banksian Cockatoo—Calyptorhynchus banksii, Lath.
Bare-eyed C.—Cacatua gymnopis, Sclater.
Black C.—Calyptorhynchus funereus, Shaw.
Blood-stained C.—Cacatua sanguinea, Gould.
Dampier's C.—Licmetis pastinator, Gould.
Gang-gang C.— Callocephalon galeatum, Lath. [SeeGang-gang.]
Glossy C.—Calyptorhynchus viridis, Vieill.
Long-billed C.—Licmetis nasicus, Temm. [See Corella.]
Palm C.—Microglossus aterrimus, Gmel.
Pink C.—Cacatua leadbeateri, V. & H. (Leadbeater, q.v.).
Red-tailed C.—Calyptorhynchus stellatus, Wagl.
Rose-breasted C.— Cacatua roseicapilla, Vieill. [SeeGalah. Gould calls it Cocatua eos.
White C.—Cacatua galerita, Lath.
White-tailed C.—Calyptorhynchus baudinii, Vig.
See also Parrakeet.
1839. T. L. Mitchell, `Three Expeditions, vol. ii. p. 62:
"We saw to-day for the first time on the Kalare, the redtop cockatoo (Plyctolophus Leadbeateri)."
1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition,' c. viii. p. 272:
"The rose-breasted cockatoo (Cocatua eos, Gould) visited the patches of fresh burnt grass."
Ibid. p. 275:
"The black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus Banksii) has been much more frequently observed of late."
1857. Daniel Bunce, `Australasiatic Reminiscences,' p. 175:
"Dr. Leichhardt caught sight of a number of cockatoos; and, by tracking the course of their flight, we, in a short time, reached a creek well supplied with water."
1862. G. Barrington, `History of New South Wales,' c. ix. p. 331:
"White cockatoos and parroquets were now seen."
1890. `Victorian Statutes, Game Act, Third Schedule':
"Black Cockatoos. Gang-gang Cockatoos. [Close season.] From the 1st day of August to the 10th day of December next following in each year."
1893. `The Argus,' March 25, p.4, col. 6:
"The egg of the blood-stained cockatoo has not yet been scientifically described, and the specimen in this collection has an interest chiefly in that it was taken [by Mr. A. J. Campbell] from a tree at Innamincka waterholes, not far from the spot where Burke the explorer died."
(2) A small farmer, called earlier in Tasmania a Cockatooer (q.v.). The name was originally given in contempt (see quotations), but it is now used by farmers themselves. Cocky is a common abbreviation. Some people distinguish between a cockatoo and a ground-parrot, the latter being the farmer on a very small scale. Trollope's etymology (see quotation, 1873) will not hold, for it is not true that the cockatoo scratches the ground. After the gold fever, circa 1860, the selectors swarmed over the country and ate up the substance of the squatters; hence they were called Cockatoos. The word is also used adjectivally.
1863. M. K. Beveridge, `Gatherings among the Gum-trees,' p. 154:
"Oi'm going to be marriedTo what is termed a Cockatoo—Which manes a farmer."
1867. Lady Barker, `Station Life in New Zealand,' p. 110:
"These small farmers are called cockatoos in Australia by the squatters or sheep-farmers, who dislike them for buying up the best bits on their runs; and say that, like a cockatoo, the small freeholder alights on good ground, extracts all he can from it, and then flies away, to `fresh fields and pastures new.' . . . However, whether the name is just or not, it is a recognised one here; and I have heard a man say in answer to a question about his usual `occupation, `I'm a cockatoo.'"
1873. A. Trollope, `Australia and New Zealand,' vol. ii. p. 135:
"The word cockatoo in the farinaceous colony has become so common as almost to cease to carry with it the intended sarcasm. . . . It signifies that the man does not really till his land, but only scratches it as the bird does."
1882. A. J. Boyd, `Old Colonials,' p. 32:
"It may possibly have been a term of reproach applied to the industrious farmer, who settled or perched on the resumed portions of a squatter's run, so much to the latter's rage and disgust that he contemptuously likened the farmer to the white-coated, yellow-crested screamer that settles or perches on the trees at the edge of his namesake's clearing."
1889. `Cornhill Magazine,' Jan., p. 33:
"`With a cockatoo' [Title]. Cockatoo is the name given to the small, bush farmer in New Zealand."
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Miner's Right,' c. xliii. p. 377:
"The governor is a bigoted agriculturist; he has contracted the cockatoo complaint, I'm afraid."
1893, `The Argus,' June 17, p. 13, col. 4:
"Hire yourself out to a dairyman, take a contract with a rail-splitter, sign articles with a cockatoo selector; but don't touch land without knowing something about it."
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Squatter's Dream,' c. xx. p. 245:
"Fancy three hundred acres in Oxfordshire, with a score or two of bullocks,and twice as many black-faced Down sheep. Regular cockatooing."
(2) A special sense—to sit on a fence as the bird sits.
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `A Colonial Reformer,' c. xviii. p. 224:
"The correct thing, on first arriving at a drafting-yard, is to `cockatoo,' or sit on the rails high above the tossing horn-billows."
1852. Mrs. Meredith, `My Home in Tasmania,' vol. ii. p. 137:
"A few wretched-looking huts and hovels, the dwellings of `cockatooers,' who are not, as it might seem, a species of bird, but human beings; who rent portions of this forest . . . on exorbitant terms . . . and vainly endeavour to exist on what they can earn besides, their frequent compulsory abstinence from meat, when they cannot afford to buy it, even in their land of cheap and abundant food, giving them some affinity to the grain-eating white cockatoos."
1884. Rolf Boldrewood, `Melbourne Memories,' c. xxii. p. 155:
"There would be roads and cockatoo fences . . . in short, all the hostile emblems of agricultural settlement."
1890. Lyth, `Golden South,' c. xiv. p. 120:
"The fields were divided by open rails or cockatoo fences, i.e. branches and logs of trees laid on the ground one across the other with posts and slip-rails in lieu of gates."
1894. `The Age,' Jan. 20, p. 13, col. 4:
"They [the natives of the northwest of Western Australia] are extremely frightened of them [sc. storms called Willy Willy, q.v.], and in some places even on the approach of an ordinary thunderstorm or `Cock-eyed Bob,' they clear off to the highest ground about."
1882. Rev. I. E. Tenison-Woods, `Fish of New South Wales,' p. 41:
"The usual method of estimating quantity for sale by the fisherman is, by the schnapper or count-fish, the school-fish, and squire, among which from its metallic appearance is the copper head or copper colour, and the red bream. Juveniles rank the smallest of the fry, not over an inch or two in length, as the cock-schnapper. The fact, however, is now generally admitted that all these are one and the same genus, merely in different stages of growth."
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `A Colonial Reformer,' p. 95:
"You're the first `colonial experience' young fellow that it ever occurred to within my knowledge."
1860. Kelly, `Life in Victoria,' vol. i. p. 222:
". . . they had not, to use a current phrase, `raised the colour.'"
1890. Rolf Boldrewood. `Miner's Right,' c. xiv. p. 149:
"This is the fifth claim he has been in since he came here, and the first in which he has seen the colour."
1891. W. Lilley, `Wild West of Tasmania,' p. 14:
"After spending a little time there, and not finding more than a few colours of gold, he started for Mount Heemskirk."
1852. J. West, `History of Tasmania,' vol. i. p. 309:
"May it remain nailed to the mast until these colonies are emancipated from convictism."
1864. `Realm,' Feb. 24, p.4 (`O.E.D.'):
"No one who has not lived in Australia can appreciate the profound hatred of convictism that obtains there."
1880. G. Sutherland, `Tales of Goldfields,' p. 16:
"They preferred to let things remain as they were, convictism included."
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Squatter's Dream,' v. 46:
"A deep reach of the river, shaded by couba trees and river-oaks."
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Colonial Reformer,' c. xxviii. p. 400:
"The willowy coubah weeps over the dying streamlet."
1827. P. Cunningham, `New South Wales,' vol. ii. p. 23:
"In calling to each other at a distance, the natives make use of the word Coo-ee, as we do the word Hollo, prolonging the sound of the coo, and closing that of the ee with a shrill jerk. . . . [It has] become of general use throughout the colony; and a newcomer, in desiring an individual to call another back, soon learns to say `Coo-ee' to him, instead of Hollo to him."
1830. R. Dawson, `Present State of Australia,' p. 162:
"He immediately called `coo-oo-oo' to the natives at the fire."
1836. Ross, `Hobart Town Almanack,' p. 84:
"There yet might be heard the significant `cooy' or `quhy,' the true import of which was then unknown to our ears."
1839. T. L. Mitchell, `Three Expeditions,' p. 46:
"Although Mr. Brown made the woods echo with his `cooys.'"[See also p. 87, note.]
1845. Clement Hodgkinson, `Australia from Port Macquarie to Moreton Bay,' p. 28:
"We suddenly heard the loud shrill couis of the natives."
1846. C. P. Hodgson, `Reminiscences of Australia,' p. 231:
"Their cooieys are not always what we understand by the word, viz., a call in which the first note is low and the second high, uttered after sound of the word cooiey. This is a note which congregates all together and is used only as a simple `Here.'"
1852. J. West, `History of Tasmania,' vol. ii. p. 91:
"Like the natives of New South Wales, they called to each other from a great distance by the cooey; a word meaning `come to me.' The Sydney blacks modulated this cry with successive inflexions; the Tasmanian uttered it with less art. It is a sound of great compass. The English in the bush adopt it: the first syllable is prolonged; the second is raised to a higher key, and is sharp and abrupt."
1862. W. Landsborough, `Exploration of Australia,' [Footnote] p. 24:
"Coo-oo-oo-y is a shrill treble cry much used in the bush by persons wishful to find each other. On a still night it will travel a couple of miles, and it is thus highly serviceable to lost or benighted travellers."
1869. J. F. Townend, `Reminiscences of Australia,' p. 155:
"The jingling of bells round the necks of oxen, the cooey of the black fellow . . . constituted the music of these desolate districts."
1873. J. B. Stephens, `Black Gin,' p. 82:
"Hi! . . . cooey! you fella . . . open 'im lid."
1880. Fison and Howitt, `Kamilaroi and Kurnai,' p. 183:
"A particular `cooee' . . . was made known to the young men when they were initiated."
1880. G. Sutherland, `Tales of the Goldfields,' p. 40:
"From the woods they heard a prolonged cooee, which evidently proceeded from some one lost in the bush."
1885. R. M. Praed, `Australian Life,' p. 276:
"Two long farewell coo-ees, which died away in the silence of the bush."
1890. E. W. Hornung, `A Bride from the Bush,' p. 184:
"The bride encircled her lips with her two gloved palms, and uttered a cry that few of the hundreds who heard it ever forgot—`coo-ee!' That was the startling cry as nearly as it can be written. But no letters can convey the sustained shrillness of the long, penetrating note represented by the first syllable, nor the weird, die-away wail of the second. It is the well-known bushcall,the `jodel' of the black fellow."
1887. G. L. Apperson, in `All the Year Round,' July 30, p. 67, col. 1 (`O.E.D.'):
"A common mode of expression is to be `within cooey' of a place. . . . Now to be `within cooey' of Sydney is to be at the distance of an easy journey therefrom."
1893. `The Herald' (Melbourne), June 26, p. 2, col. 6:
"Witness said that there was a post-office clock `within coo-ee,' or within less than half-a-mile of the station."
1896. H. Lawson, `When the World was Wide,' p. 80:
"Just to camp within a cooey of the Shanty for the night."
1830. R. Dawson, `Present State of Australia,' p. 81:
"Our sable guides `cooed' and `cooed' again, in their usual tone of calling to each other at a distance."
1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition, p. 115:
"Brown cooyed to him, and by a sign requested him to wait for us."
1847. J. D. Lang, `Phillipsland,' p. 85 [Footnote]:
"Cooey is the aboriginal mode of calling out to any person at a distance, whether visible or not, in the forest. The sound is made by dwelling on the first syllable, and pronouncing the second with a short, sharp, rising inflexion. It is much easier made, and is heard to a much greater distance than the English holla! and is consequently in universal use among the colonists. . . . There is a story current in the colony of a party of native-born colonists being in London, one of whom, a young lady, if I recollect aright, was accidentally separated from the rest, in the endless stream of pedestrians and vehicles of all descriptions, at the intersection of Fleet Street with the broad avenue leading to Blackfriars Bridge. When they were all in great consternation and perplexity at the circumstance, it occurred to one of the party to cooey, and the well-known sound, with its ten thousand Australian associations, being at once recognised and responded to, a reunion of the party took place immediately, doubtless to the great wonderment of the surrounding Londoners, who would probably suppose they were all fit for Bedlam."
1848. W. Westgarth, `Australia Felix,' p. 90:
"They [the aborigines] warily entered scrubs, and called out (cooyed) repeatedly in approaching water-holes, even when yet at a great distance."
1852. J. West, `History of Tasmania,' vol. ii. p. 91:
"A female, born on this division of the globe, once stood at the foot of London Bridge, and cooyed for her husband, of whom she had lost sight, and stopped the passengers by the novelty of the sound; which however is not unknown in certain neighbourhoods of the metropolis. Some gentlemen, on a visit to a London theatre, to draw the attention of their friends in an opposite box, called out cooey; a voice in the gallery answered `Botany Bay!'"
1880 (circa). `Melbourne Punch,' [In the days of long trains]:
"George, there's somebody treading on my dress; cooee to the bottom of the stairs."
1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition,' p. 269:
"Three koolimans (vessels of stringy bark) were full of honey water, from one of which I took a hearty draught."
1863. M. K. Beveridge, `Gatherings among the Gum-trees,' p. 37:
"And the beautiful LubrinaFetched a Cooliman of water."
[In Glossary.] Cooliman, a hollow knot of a tree for holding water.
186. W. Howitt, `Discovery in Australia, vol. ii. p. 24:
"Koolimans, water vessels. . . The koolimans were made of the inner layer of the bark of the stringy-bark tree."
1881. A. C. Grant, `Bush Life in Queensland,' vol. ii. p. 185:
"Coolaman, native vessel for holding water."
1885. Mrs. Praed, `Australian Life,' p. 76:
"Cooliman, a vessel for carrying water, made out of the bark which covers an excrescence peculiar to a kind of gum-tree."
1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 373:
"Variously called Mountain-ash, Red-ash, Leather-jacket, and Coopers-wood."
1888. T. Pine, `Transactions of New Zealand Institute,' `A local tradition of Raukawa,' vol. xxi. p. 417:
"So they set to work and dug holes on the flat, each hole about 2 ft. across and about 1 1/2 ft. deep, and shaped something like a Kopa Maori."
1889. H. D. M. Haszard, ibid. `Notes on some Relics of Cannibalism,' vol. xxii. p. 104:
"In two distinct places, about four chains apart, there were a number of Kapura Maori, or native ovens, scattered about within a radius of about forty feet."
1889. T. Kirk, `Forest Flora of New Zealand,' p. 110:
"Corosma comprises about forty species, of which at least thirty are found in New Zealand, all of which are restricted to the colony except C. pumila, which extends to Australia. Five species are found in Australia, one of which is C. pumila mentioned above. A few species occur in the Pacific, Chili, Juan Fernandez, the Sandwich Islands, &c."
1896. `The Melburnian,' Aug. 28, p. 53:
"The trailing scarlet kennedyas, aptly called the `bleeding-heart' or `coral pea,' brighten the greyness of the sandy, peaty wastes."
1835. Ross, `Hobart Town Almanack,' p. 108:
"Sida pulchella. Handsome Sida. Currijong or cordage tree of Hobart Town. . . . The bark used to be taken for tying up post and rail fences, the rafters of huts, in the earlier periods of the colony, before nails could be so easily procured."