Stories of the Second Night

Stories of the Second NightThe Story of the Turquoises and the Red BirdAnd at the vahahkkee which the white men now call the Casa Grande ruins was the home ofSeeollstchewadack Seeven, or the Morning green Chief.And one morning the young women at that place were playing and having a good time with the game of the knotted rope or balls, which is calledtoe-coll.And in this game the young girls are placed at each end, near the goals, and at this time, at the west end, one of the young girls gradually sank into the earth; and as she sank the earth around her became very green with grass.And Seeollstchewadack Seeven told the people not to disturb the green spot until the next morning; and the next morning the green spot was a green rock, and he told the people to dig around it, and as they dug they chipped off small pieces, and the people came and got what they wanted of these pieces of green stone. And they made ear-rings and ornaments from these green stones, which weretchew-dack-na-ha-gay-awhor turquoises.And after the turquoises were distributed, and the fame of this had spread, the chief of another people, who lived to the east, whose name wasDthas Seeven(Sun-Chief) thought he would do something wonderful, too, being envious, and he opened one of his veins and from the blood madea large, beautiful bird, colored red.And Dthas Seeven told his bird to go to the city of Seeollstchewadack Seeven and hang around there till that chief saw him and took him in. And when they offered him corn he was not to eat that nor anything else they gave him, but when he saw his chance he was to pick up a bit of the green stone and swallow it, for when it should be seen that he would swallow the green stones then he would be fed on turquoises.So the bird was sent, and when it arrived at the city of the turquoises, the daughter of Seeollstchewadack Seeven, whose name wasNawitch, saw it and went and told her father. And he asked, “What is the color of the bird?” and she answered, “Red;” and he said, “I know that bird. It is a very rare bird, and its being here is a sign something good is going to happen. I want you to get the bird and bring it here, but do not take hold of it. Offer it a stick, and it will take hold of it, with its bill, and you can lead it here.”And Nawitch offered the bird a stick, and it caught hold of the end by its bill, which was like a parrot’s bill, and she led it to her father.And Seeollstchewadack Seeven said: “Feed him on pumpkin seed, for that is what this kind of bird eats.”And Nawitch gave the bird pumpkin seed, but it would not eat. And then she tried melon seed, but it would not eat. And then she tried devil-clawseed, but it would not eat. And her father said, then: “Make him broth of corn, for this kind of bird eats only new dishes!” And she did so, but it would not eat the broth of corn.And the old man told her to try pumpkin seed again; and she tried the pumpkin seed again, and the melon seed again, and the devil-claw seed, and the broth of corn, but the bird would not touch any of these.But just then the bird saw a little piece of turquoise lying on the ground and it sprang and swallowed it. And the daughter saw this and told her father that the bird would eat turquoises. And her father said: “This kind of bird will not eat turquoises, but you may try him.” And she gave it some turquoises and it ate them greedily. And then her father said: “Go and get some nice, clean ones, a basket full.” And she did so, and the bird ate them all, and she kept on feeding it until it had swallowed four basketful.And then the bird began to run around, and the girl said: “I fear our pet will leave us and fly away” but the old man said: “He will not fly away. He likes us too well for that,” but after a short time the bird got to a little distance and took to its wings, and flew back to the city of Dthas Seeven.And Dthas Seeven gave it water twice, and each time it vomited, and thus it threw up all the turquoises.And so Dthas Seeven also had turquoises.Notes on the Story of the TurquoisesTurquoises seem to have been regarded by all Arizona Indians as magical and lucky stones, and the Story of theTurquoisesprofesses to give their origin.Of the game, toe-coll, here spoken of, Whittemore gives this account in Cook’s “Among the Pimas:” “One of the amusements of the women was that of tossing balls. They had two small ones, covered with buckskin, and tied about six inches apart. Young women and married, from thirty to seventy-five in a group, assembled as dressed for a ball, their hair carefully manipulated so as to be black and glossy. Each had a stick of willow six feet long. With these they dextrously tossed the balls high in the air, running after them until one party was so weary that they gave up the game from mere exhaustion.“In order to make the excitement a success they had certain active women, keen of wit and quick of action, practice weeks in advance.”Sometimes the balls were formed by two large knots in a short piece of rope.The Story of Wayhohm, Toehahvs and TottaiAnd Seeollstchewadack Seeven wondered what this action of the bird meant, and he studied about it till he found out who it was that had sent the bird and for what purpose.And he sent a cold rain upon the home of Dthas Seeven. And it rained a heavy rain for three days and three nights, so hard that it put out all the fires in the city of Dthas Seeven, and Dthas Seeven was dying with cold.And the people came about him to witness his dying, and they said: “Let us send some one to get the fire!” And they sent Toehahvs.And Toehahvs went, and at last came to a house where he heard the fire roaring within. And he looked in, and there was a big fire. And he sat in the doorway holding out his paws toward the heat.And the owner of the house, whose name wasWay-hohm, or the Lightning, sat working within with his face to the fire and his back to Toehahvs. And Toehahvs wanted to dash in and steal some fire, but he did not dare, and he went back and told the people he had seen the fire but he could not get it.On the fourth day it was still raining, and they sent another person. And this time they sentTot-tai, or the Road Runner, for they said he could run almost as fast as Toehahvs.And Tottai came to the same house, and heard the fire, and peeped in the door to warm himself. And there sat the owner of the fire, Wayhohm, working with his face to the fire and his back to Tottai. And Tottai dashed in and caught hold of a stick with fire at one end and ran out with it.And Wayhohm caught up his bow, the Bow-of-the-Lightning,Way-hohm-a-Gaht, and fired at Road Runner, and struck him on the side of his head, and that is why the side of Tottai’s head is still bare; and Tottai ran on, and Wayhohm shot at him again and struck the other side of his head.And Tottai whirled around then so that the sparks flew every way, and got into all kinds of wood, and that is why there is fire in all kinds of sticks even now, and the Indian can get it out by rubbing them together to this day.But Tottai kept on, and got to the house of Dthas Seeven all right, and they made a fire, and Dthas Seeven got better again.Notes on the Story of WayhohmThere is a suggestion of Thor in the Story of Wayhohm, and also of Prometheus. Wayhohm’s house must have been the hall of the clouds.How true to nature, here, is the touch describing the Coyote-person, Toehahvs. Theexcessivecaution of the coyote, making it impossible for him, however eager, to force himself into any position he suspects, here stands out before us, contrasted in the most dramatic way with the dashing boldness of the road-runner.When we reached the end of this story Comalk Hawk-Kih took two pieces of wood to rub them together to make fire. But he was old and breathless, and “Sparkling-Soft-Feather,” the mother of my interpreter, took them and made the fire for me. I have the implements yet.There were two parts to the apparatus. Gee-uh-toe-dah, the socket stick was of a soft dry piece of giant cactus rib, and a notch was whittled in one side of this with a small socket at the apex, that is on the upper side.This was placed flat on the ground, with a bit of corn husk under the notch, and held firmly in position by the bare feet. The twirling stick, eev-a-dah-kote, was a hard arrow weed, very dry and scraped smooth. The end of this was engaged in the little socket, at the top of the cactus rib, and then, held perpendicularly, was twirled between the two hands till the friction rubbed off a powder which crowded out of the socket, and fell down the notch at its side to the corn-husk. This little increasing pile of powder was the tinder, and, as the twirling continued, grew black, smelled like burned wood, smoked and finally glowed like punk. It was now picked up on the corn husk and placed in dry horse dung, a bunch of dry grass, or some such inflammable material, and blown into flame.It looked very simple, and took little time, but I never could do it.The Story of HawawkAnd when Dthas Seeven had gotten better he meditated on what had happenedtohim, and studied out that Seeollstchewadack-Seeven was the cause of his trouble, and planned how to get the better of him.Now the Indians have a game of football in which the ball is not kicked but lifted and thrown a good ways by the foot, and Dthas Seeven made such a ball, and sent a young man to play it in the direction of the city of Seeollstchewadack-Seeven. And the young man did so, and as he kept the ball going on it came to the feet of a young girl, who, when she saw the ball, picked it up and hid it under the square of cloth which Indian girls wear.And the young man came up and asked her if she had seen the ball, and she answered no, she had not seen it, and she kept on denying it, so at last he turned back and said he might as well go home as he no longer had a ball to play with. But he had not gone far before the girl called to him: “Are you not coming back to get your ball?” And he went back to her, and she tried to find the ball, but could not.But the ball was not lost, but it had bewitched her.And after a time this girl had a baby, a tall baby, with claws on its hands and feet like a wild animal.And the people did not know what this meant,and they asked Toehahvs, and Toehahvs knew because this had been prophesied of old time. And Toehahvs said: “She isHaw-awk.”And Hawawk grew and became able to crawl, but people were afraid of handling her because of the scratching of her claws. Only her relatives could safely handle her. And as she grew older, still, she would sometimes see other children and wish to play with them, but in a short time they would get scratched by her in her gambols and would run home crying and leave her alone. And it got so that when the children saw her coming they would tell each other and run home and she could get none of them to play with her.She claimed Ee-ee-toy as her uncle, and when he had been rabbit-hunting and came in with game she would run and call him “uncle!” and try and get the rabbits away from him; and when he cleaned the rabbits and threw away the entrails she would run and devour them, and the bones of the rabbits the people threw away after the feasts she would eat, too.And when Hawawk grew older she would sometimes complain to Ee-ee-toy if he came in without game. “Why is it you sometimes come in without rabbits?” she would say, “And why do you not kill a great many?” And he would reply: “It is not possible to kill a great many, for they run very fast and are very hard to shoot with a bow and arrow.” “Let me go with you,” she would say, “and I will kill a great many.”But he would tell her: “You are a girl, and it is not your place to go hunting. If you were a boy it would be, but as it is you cannot go.”And she kept on begging in this way, and he kept on refusing, she saying that she could kill a great many, and he saying that only a man or a boy could shoot many rabbits, because they ran so fast.But as she grew older still she began to follow the hunters, and when the hunting began she would be in the crowd, but she tried to keep out of her uncle’s way so that he would not see her. And sometimes when she would thus be following the hunt a rabbit would run in her direction, and she would run fast and jump on it and kill it, and eat it right there; and after a while she could do this oftener and caught a good many; and she would eat all she wanted as she caught them, and the others she gave to her uncle, Ee-ee-toy, to carry home. And Ee-ee-toy came to like to have her with him because of the game she could get. But after a time she did not come home anymore, but staid out in the bushes, living on the game she could get. But when the hunters came out, she would still join them and after killing and eating all she wanted she would give the rest of her kill to her uncle, as before.And so she contrived to live in the wild places, like a wild-cat, and in time became able to kill deer, antelopes, and all big game, and yet being part human she would tan buckskin like a womanand do all that a woman needs to do.And she found a cave in the mountain which is calledTaht-kum, where she lived, and that cave can be seen now and is still called Hawawk’s Cave.But she had been born near where the ruins of Casa Grande now are and claimed that vahahkkee for her own. And when she knew a baby had been born there she would go to the mother and say, “I want to see my grandchild.” But if the mother let her take the baby she would put it over her shoulder, into her gyih-haw, and run to her cave, and put the baby into a mortar, and pound it up and eat it. And she got all the babies she could in this way; and later on she grew bolder and would find the larger children, wheretheywere at play, and would carry them off to eat them. And now she let all the rabbits and such game go, and lived only on the children she caught, for a long time.And Ee-ee-toy told the people what to do in this great trouble. He told them to roast a big lot of pumpkin seeds and to go into their houses and keep still. And when the people had roasted the pumpkin seeds and gone into their houses, Ee-ee-toy came around and stopped up the door of every house with bushes, and plastered clay over the bushes as the Awawtam still do when they go away from home.After a time Hawawk came around, and stood near the houses, and listened, and heard the people cracking the pumpkin seeds inside.And she said: “Where are all my grandchildren? They must have been gone for a long time, for I do not see any tracks, nor hear any voices, and I hear only the rats eating the seeds in the empty houses.”And she came several times and saw no one, and really believed the people had gone entirely away. And for a while she did not come any more, but after a time she was one day running by the village and she saw some children playing. And she caught two and ran with them to her cave. And from that day she went on stealing children as before.And Ee-ee-toy made him a rattle, out of a wild gourd, and went and lay on the trail on which Hawawk usually came, and changed himself into the little animal called “Kaw-awts.” And when Hawawk came along she poked him with a stick of her gyih-haw and said:“Here is a little kaw-awts. He must be my pet.” And then Ee-ee-toy jumped up and shook his rattle at her, and frightened her so that she ran home. And then Ee-ee-toy made rattles for all the children in that place and when they saw Hawawk coming they would shake their rattles at her and scare her back again.But after a while Hawawk became used to the rattles and ceased to fear them, and even while they were shaking she would run and carry some of the children off.And one day two little boys were hunting dovesafter the manner of the country. They had a little kee of willows, and a hole inside in the sand where they sat, and outside a stick stuck up for the doves to light on. And when the doves came they would shoot them with their bows and arrows. And while they were doing this they saw Hawawk coming. And they said:“What shall we do! Hawawk is coming and will eat us up.”And they lay down in the hole in the sand and covered themselves with the dove’s feathers. And Hawawk came and said: “Where are my grandchildren! Some of them have been here very lately.” And she went all around and looked for their tracks, but could find none leading away from the place. And she came back again to the kee, and while she was looking in a wind came and swept away all the dove-feathers, and she sprang in and caught up the two boys and put them in her gyih-haw and started off.And as she went along the boys said: “Grandmother, we like flat stones to play with.Won’tyou give us all the flat stones you can find?” And Hawawk picked up all the flat stones she came to and put them one by one over hershoulderinto the basket.And the boys said, again, after the basketbeganto get heavy, “Grandmother, we like to go under limbs of trees. Go under all the low limbs of trees you can to please us.” And Hawawk went under a low tree, and one of the boys caught hold of the limb and hung there tillshe had gone on. And Hawawk went under another tree, and the other boycaughthold of a limb and staid there. But because of the flat stones she kept putting into her gyih-haw Hawawk did not notice this. And when she got to her cave and emptied her basket there were no boys there.And when Hawawk saw this she turned back and found the tracks of the boys, and ran, following after them, and caught up with them just before they got to their village. And she would have caught them there, and carried them off again, but the boys had gathered some of the fine thorns of a cactus, and when Hawawk came near they held them up and let them blow with the wind into her face.And they stuck in her eyes, and hurt them, and she began to rub her eyes, which made them hurt worse so that she could not see them, and then the boys ran home and thus saved their lives.After that she went to another place calledVahf-kee-wohlt-kih, or the Notched Cliffs, and staid around there and ate the children, and then she moved to another place, the old name of which is now forgotten, but it is called, now,Stchew-a-dack Vah-veeuh, or the Green Well. And there, too, she killed the children.And the people called on Ee-ee-toy to help them, and Ee-ee-toy said, “I will kill her at once!”And Ee-ee-toy, being her relative, went to her home and said: “Your grandchildren want someamusement and are going to have dances now every night and would like you to come.”And she replied: “You know very well I do not care for such things. I do not care to come.”And Ee-ee-toy returned and told the people she did not care to come to their dances, tho he had invited her, but he would think of some other way to get her to come where they were, that they might kill her.And he went a second time, and told her the people were going to sing theHwah-guff-san-nuh-kotch Nyuee, or Basket Drumming Song, and wanted her to come. But she said: “I have heard of that song, but I do not care to hear it. I care nothing for such things, and I will not come.”So Ee-ee-toy returned and told of his second failure, but promised he would try again. And in the morning he went to her and said: “Yourgrandchildrenare going to sing the songHaw-hawf-kuh Nyueeor Dance of the Bone-trimmed Dresses Song and they want you to come.” But she said: “I do not care for this song, either, and I will not come.”And Ee-ee-toy told of his third failure, but promised the people he would try once more,and when the morning came he went to Hawawk and said: “Your grandchildren are going to dance tonight to the song which is calledSee-coll-cod-dha-kotch Nyuee,” (which is a sort of ring dance with the dancers in a circle with joinedhands) “and they want you to come.”And she said: “That is what I like. I will come to that. When is it going to be?”And he said: “It will be this very night.”And he went and told the people she was coming and they must be ready for her.Hawawk got ready in the early evening and dressed herself in a skirt of soft buckskin. And over this she placed an overskirt of deerskin, fringed with long cut fringes with deer-hoofs at the ends to rattle. And then she ran to the dancing place; and the people could hear her a long way off, rattling, as she came. And they were already dancing when she arrived there, and she went and joined hands with Ee-ee-toy.And Hawawk was a great smoker, and Ee-ee-toy made cigarettes for her that had something in them that would make folks sleep. And he smoked these himself, a little, to assure her, but cautiously and moderately, not inhaling the smoke, but she inhaled the smoke, and before the four nights were up she was so sleepy that the people were dragging her around as they danced, and then she got so fast asleep that Ee-ee-toy carried her on his shoulder.And all the time they were dancing they were moving across country, and getting nearer the cave where she lived, and other people at the same time were ahead of them carrying lots of wood to her cave. And when they arrived at her cave in the mountain of Tahtkum they laid hersleeping body down inside, and placed the wood in the cave between her and the door, filling it all to the entrance, which they closed with four hurdles, such as the people fasten their doors with, so that she could not run out.And then they set the wood on fire, and it burned fiercely, and when the fire reached Hawawk she waked and cried out. “My grandchildren, what have I done that you should treat me this way!”And the fire hurt her so that she jumped up and down with pain, and her head struck the ceiling of the cave and split the rock. And when the people saw it they called to Ee-ee-toy, and he went and put his foot over the crack, and sealed it up, and you may see the track of his foot there to this day.But Ee-ee-toy was not quick enough, and her soul escaped through the crack.And then for a while the people had peace, but in time her soul turned into a green hawk, and this hawk killed the people, but did not eat them.And this made the people great trouble, but one day a woman was making pottery and she had just taken one pot out of the fire and left another one in the furnace, on its side, when this hawk saw her and came swooping down from high in the air to kill her, but missed her, and went into the hot pot in the fire, and so was burned up and destroyed.And one day they boiled greens in that pot,the greens calledchoo-hook-yuh, and the greens boiled so hard that they boiled over, and splashed around and killed people. And they boiled all day and stopped at night, and at daybreak began again to boil, and this they did for a long time; boiling by day and stopping at night.And the people sent for Toehahvs who lived in the east, andGee-ah-duk Seeven, or Strong Bow Chief, who lived where is now the ruin ofAw-awt-kum Vah-ahk-kee, to kill the pot for them.And when they arrived Geeahduk Seeven enquired if the pot slept. And the people said:“Yes, it sleeps all night.” Then said Geeahduk Seeven, “We will get up very early, before the pot wakes, and then we will kill it.”But Toehahvs said; “That is not right, to go and kill it at night. I am not like a jealous woman who goes and fights her rival in the darkness. I am not a woman, I am a man!”And Toehahvs said to Geeahduk Seeven: “I will go in the morning to attack the pot and I want you to go on the other side, and if the pot throws its fluid at me, so that I cannot conquer it, then do you run up on the other side and smash it.”Then Toehahvs took his shield and his club, in the morning, and went to attack the pot. But the pot saw him, and, altho he held up his shield, it boiled over, and threw the boiling choohookyuh so high and far that some of it fell on Toehahvs’ back and scalded it. And Toehahvs had to give back a little. But at that momentGeeahduk Seeven ran in on the other side and smashed the pot.And there was an old man with an orphan grandson, living near there, and when the pot was smashed these came to the spot and ate up the choohookyuh. And at once they were turned into bears, the old man into a black bear, the boy into a brown bear.And these bears also killed people, and tho the people tried to kill them, for a long time they could not do so. When they shot arrows at the bears, the bears would catch them and break them up. And so the people had to study out other ways to get the better of them. There is a kind of palm-tree, calledo-nook, which has balls where the branches come out, and the people burned the trees to get these balls, and threw them at the bears. And the bears caught the balls, and fought and wrestled with them, and while their attention was taken by these balls the people shot arrows at them and killed them.And thus ended forever the evil power of Hawawk.Notes on the Story of HawawkThe Story of Hawawk opens with an interesting reference to the favorite Pima game of football. The ball was about two and one half inches in diameter, merely a heavy pebble coated thick with black greasewood gum. Sometimes it was decorated with little inlays of shell. It was thrown by the lifting of the naked or sandaled foot, rather than kicked. Astonishing tales are told of the running power and endurance of the older Indians. White and red men agree in the testimony.Emory says of the Maricopa interpreter, Thirsty Hawk, before alluded to, that he came running into their camp on foot and “appearedto keep pace with the fleetest horse.” Whittemore, the missionary, says: “Some young women could travel from forty to fifty miles in sixteen hours, and there were warriors who ran twenty miles, keeping a horse on a canter following them.” G. W. Mardis, the trader at Phoenix, told me he had known Indians to run all day, and my interpreter told me of Pimas running forty to seventy miles in a day, hunting horses on the mountains. Others ran races with horses and with a little handicap and for moderate distance often beat them. On these long runs after horses the men took theirfootballsand kept them going, saying it made the journey amusing and less tiresome. And undoubtedly it was, in the practice of this sport, that their powers were developed. Beside the usual foot-races, in which all Indians delight, it often happened that two champions would, on a set day, start in different directions and chase their footballs far out on the desert, perhaps ten miles and then return. The one who came in first was winner. The whole tribe, in two parties, on horseback as far as they could get mounts, followed the champions, as judges, assistants, critics and friends and there was profuse betting and picturesque excitement and display.But the fine old athletic games seem to have all died out now.Stories of miraculous conception are not uncommon in Indian tradition, and this story of the bewitching of the young girl into motherhood thru the agency of the football is an instance.This gruesome and graphic tale is full of insight into Indian thought and fancy. In reading it we are reminded of many familiar old nursery tales of kidnapped child, pig or fowl (“the little red hin” of Irish legend for instance) and of Were-Wolf and Loup-Garou.And here reappears the old myth of some god’s or hero’s footstep printed in solid rock.Here is a hint, too, of transmigration in the various adventures of the soul of Hawawk.My Indian hosts cooked me a pot of choohookyuh greens, and I found them very palatable.The reference to the pottery making reminds me of Pima arts. Today the Maricopas have almost a monopoly of pottery making, tho the Quohatas make some good pottery too. It is shaped by the hands (no potters wheel being known) and smoothed and polished by stones, painted red with a mineral and black with mezquite gum and baked in a common fire. It is often very artistic in a rude way, in form and decoration.The Papagoes do most of the horse-hair work, chiefly bridles, halters and lariat ropes, and make mats and fans from rushes.The Pimas make the famous black and white, watertight baskets, which are too well known to need description. The black in these is shreds of the dead-black seed pod of the devil-claw and not some fibre dyed black, as some suppose.There seems to have been no original bead work among Pima Indians.The Story of Tawquahdahmawks and her CanalAnd after this the people had long peace, increased in numbers, and were scattered all around. Some lived where the old vahahkkees now are in the Gila country, and some lived in the Papago country, and some in the Salt River country. And those who lived where the mound now is between Phoenix and Tempe were the first to use a canal to irrigate their land. And these raised all kinds of vegetables and had fine crops. And the people of the Gila country and the people of the Salt River country at first did not raise many vegetables, because they did not irrigate, and they used to visit the people who did irrigate and eat with them; but after a while the people who lived on the south side of the Salt River also made a canal, and you can see it to this day.But when these people tried their canal it did not work. When they dammed the river the water did not run, because the canal was uphill. And they could not seem to make it deeper, because it was all in a lime rock.And they sent for Ee-ee-toy to help them. And Ee-ee-toy had them get stakes of ironwood, and sharpen them, and all stand in a row with their stakes in their hands at the bottom of the canal.And then Ee-ee-toy sang a song, and at the end of the song the people were all to strike their stakes into the bottom of the canal to make it deeper. But it would not work, it was too hard, and Ee-ee-toy gave it up.And Ee-ee-toy said: “I can do no more, but there is an old woman namedTaw-quah-dahm-awks(which means The Wampum Eater) and she, tho only a woman, is very wise, and likely can help you better than I. I advise you to send for her.”And the people sent for her, and she said: “I will come at once.”And she came, as she had promised, but she did not go to where the people were assembled, but went right to the canal. And she had brought a fog with her, and she left the fog at the river, near the mouth of the canal. And she went up the course of the canal, looking this way and that, to see how much up-hill it ran.And when she reached where the canal ran up-hill she blew thru it the breath which is calledseev-hur-whirl, which means a bitter wind. And this wind tore up the bed of the canal, as deep as was necessary, throwing the dirt and rocks out on each side.And then the fog dammed up the river and the water ran thru the canal.Then the old woman did not go near the people, but went home, and in the morning, when one of the people went to see why the old woman didnot come, he saw the canal full of water and he yelled to everybody to come and see it.And in this way these people got water for their crops and were as prosperous as the others below them.Notes on the Story of TawquahdahmawksIn this story we find proof that the oldest digging utensil was a sharpened stake.Before these people became agricultural they must have subsisted mainly on the game and wild fruits of the desert. They showed me several seed-bearing bushes and weeds which in old time had helped to eke out for them an existence.Starvation must have often stared them in the face, and the references to hunger, and the prophecies of plenty, and of visits to relatives whose crops were good, are scattered pathetically all thru these legends.And indeed, until very recently, mezquite beans and the fruit of various cactus plants were staple articles of food.Mezquite beans grow in a pod on the thorny mezquite trees. The gathering of them was quite a tribal event, large parties going out. The beans when brought home were pounded in thechee-o-pah, or mortar, which was made by burning a hollow in the end of a short mezquite log, set in the ground like a low post. A long round stone pestle, orvee-it-kote, was used to beat with, and sometimes the cheeopah itself was of stone. But stone mortars were usually ancient and dug from out the vahahkkee ruins.The beans, crushed very fine and separated from the indigestible seeds, packed into a sweet cake that would keep a year.Various cactus fruits were eaten. They warned me that for a novice to eat freely of prickly pears produced a lame, sore feeling, as if one had taken cold or a fever. I noticed no symptoms however. The fruit of the giant cactus is gathered from the top, around which it grows like acrown, by a long light pole, made from the rib of the same cactus, with a little hook at its end made by tying another short piece, slant-wise, across. They called the constellation of Ursa Major,Quee-ay-put, or The Cactus-Puller, from a fancied resemblance to this familiar implement.The giant cactus, orhar-san, was eaten ripe, or dried in the sun, or boiled to a jam and sealed away in earthern jars. They also fermented it by mixing with water, and made their famoustis-winor whiskey from it. They had “big drunks” at this time, in which all the tribe joined in a general spree.A sort of large worm (larva) was also gathered in large quantities, boiled and eaten with salt.The confusion in the Pimathoughton religious matters is well revealed in this tale, in which Ee-ee-toy, who may be regarded as a god, frankly admits that in some matters an old woman may be wiser and more powerful than he. Nothing appears to have been very clearly defined in their faith except that a mahkai might be or do almost anything.How Nooee Killed Ee-ee-toyEe-ee-toy lived in the Salt River Mountain, which is called by the Awawtam Moehahdheck, or the Brown Mountain, and whenever the girls had ceremonial dances because of their arrival at womanhood he would come and sing the appropriate songs. And it often happened that he would tempt these young girls away to his mountain, to be his wives, but after keeping them awhile he would grow tired of them and send them back.And the people disliked Ee-ee-toy because of this. And when they had crops, too, Ee-ee-toy would often shoot his hot arrows thru the fields, and wither up the growing things; and tho the people did not see him do this, they knew he was guilty, and they wanted to kill him, but they did not know how to do it.And the people talked together about how they could kill Ee-ee-toy. And two young boys, there were, who were always together.And as they lay at the door of their kee they heard the people talking of sending bunches of people here and there to kill Ee-ee-toy, and one said: “He is only one, we could kill him ourselves.” And the other one said: “Let us go and kill him, then.”So the two boys went to Moehahdheck, and found Ee-ee-toy lying asleep, and beat him with their clubs, and killed him, and then came back and told the people of what they had done. Butnone of the people went to see the truth of this and in the morning Ee-ee-toy came again, just as he used to do, and walked around among the people, who said among themselves: “I thought the boys said they had killed him.”And that same night all the people went to Moehahdheck, and found Ee-ee-toy asleep, and fell upon him and killed him. And there was a pile of wood outside, and they laid him on this and set fire to the wood and burned his flesh. And feeling sure that he was now dead, they went home, but in the morning there he was, walking around, alive again.And so the people assembled again, and that night, once more, they killed him, and they cut his flesh up into little bits, and put it into a pot, and boiled it, and when it was cooked they threw it all away in different directions. But in the morning he was alive again and the people gave it up for that time.But after awhile they were planning again how to kill him; and one of them proposed that they all go and tie him with ropes and take him to a high cliff, and push him off, and let him fall. And so they went and did this, but Ee-ee-toy was not hurt at all. He just walked off, when he reached the bottom, and looked up at the people above him.The next scheme was to drown him. They caught him and led him to a whirlpool, and tied his hands and feet and threw him in. But hecame up in a few minutes, without any ropes on, and looked at the people, and then dived, and so kept on coming up and diving down. And the people, seeing they could not drown him, went home once more.Then Nooee called the people together and said: “It is of no use for you to try to kill Ee-ee-toy, for you cannot kill him. He is too powerful for men to kill. He has power over the winds, and all the animals, and he knows all that is going on in the mountains, and in the sky. And I have power something like him.”So Nooee told the people to come in, that evening, to his house. He said: “I will show you part of my power, and I want everyone to see it.”And Nooee lived not far from where Ee-ee-toy did, south of the Moehahdheck mountain, at a place calledNooee Vahahkkee, and that was where he invited the people to come.And so, when the people assembled at Nooee Vahahkkee, Nooee made earth in his habitation, and mountains on it, and all things on it, in little as we say, so that the people could see his power; for JuhwertaMahkaihad made him to have power, tho he had not cared to use it. And he made a little world in his house for them to look at, with sun, moon and stars working just as our sun and stars work; and everything exactly like our world.And when night came, Nooee pushed the darkness back with his hands, and spread it on the walls, so that the people could see his little worldand how it worked. And he was there four days and four nights, showing this wonder to the people.And after this Nooee flew up thru the openings in the roof of his house, and sat there, and saw the sun rise. And as soon as the sun rose Nooee flew towards it, and flew up and up, higher and higher, until he could see Ee-ee-toy’s heart. And he wore a nose ring, as all the brave people did, a nose ring of turquoise. But from his high view he saw that everything looked green and so he knew he could not killEe-ee-toythat day.And the next day he did the same thing, only he wore a new nose-ring, made of a sparkling shell. And when he got up highenufto see Ee-ee-toy’s heart he saw that the ground looked dry, and he was very much pleased, for he knew that now he would, someday, kill Ee-ee-toy. And he went home.And the third morning Nooee again put on his nose ring of glittering shell, and flew up to meet the Sun, and he flew up and up until he came to the sun himself. And Nooee said to the Sun: “You know there is a Person, on earth, called Ee-ee-toy, who is very bad, and I want to kill him, and I want your help, and this is the reason I come to you.”And Nooee said to the Sun: “Now you go back, and let me shine in your place, and I will give just as much light as you do, but let mehave yourvi-no-me-gaht, your gun, to shoot with, when I get around to your home.” And the Sun said: “Moe-vah Sop-hwah, that is all right. But I always go down over yonder mountain, and when you get to that mountain just stop and look back, and see how the world looks.”And Nooee took the Sun’s place, and went down, that evening, over the mountain, stopping, as he was told, to see how wonderful the world looked; and when he came to the Sun’s home, the sun gave him the weapon he shot with.And the next morning Nooee rose in place of the Sun, and after rising a little he shot at the earth, and it became very hot. And before noon he shot again, and it was still hotter. And Ee-ee-toy knew, now that he was going to be killed, but he tried to use all his power to save himself. He ran around, and came to a pond where there had always been ice, and he jumped in to cool himself, but it was all boiling water.And when it was nearly noon Nooee shot again, and it became terribly hot, and Ee-ee-toy ran for a rock which had always been cold, but just before he got there the heat made the rock burst.And he ran to a tree, whose cool shade he often enjoyed, but as he came near it the tree began to burst into flame, and he had to turn back. And now it was noon, and Nooee shot again.And Ee-ee-toy ran to a great post, all stripedaround with black and white, which had been made by his power, and which had a hollow that was always cool inside, and was about to put his arms around it when he fell down and died.So Ee-ee-toy was dead, and Nooee went down to his setting, and returned the weapon to the Sun, and then went home to his vahahkkee.The Song of Nooee when he went to the SunThe Rising (Sun) I am going to meet.(Repeated many times)When NooeeKilledEe-ee-toy1(A Song)The gun, he gave it to me as a cane;With it I killed the Brother’s heart.Notes on how Nooee Killed Ee-ee-toyThe hot arrows of Ee-ee-toy, that withered the crops, remind us of Apollo.The idea often comes up in these stories that a person possessing the powers of a mahkai was hard to kill, having as many lives as a cat. It would also appear that there was a confusion as to what constituted killing, anyway.They perhaps regarded mere unconsciousness as death.Both Ee-ee-toy and Nooee are “killed,” but after an interval are alive again. And Whittemore relates: “An Apache, seeing Louis, the Pima interpreter, came to him in high glee. Taking his hand, he said: ‘You are the Pima who killed me years ago.’ Louis then recognized him as the man to whom he had dealt a heavy blow with a warclub, and then left him for dead on the battle-field.”Is there any connection between the the fact that when Nooee wore a nose-ring of turquoise the earth looked green, and that when he wore a nose-ring of glittering shell the earth looked dry to him?Could this whole story have been a myth of some great drouth?1The reference to the “gun” shows clearly that this song was made after the advent of the white man.Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection and Speech to Juhwerta MahkaiAnd after Ee-ee-toy was dead he lay there, as some say for four months, and some say for four years.He was killed,but his winds were not killed, nor his clouds and they were sorry for him, and his clouds rained on him.And he lay there so long that the little children played on him, jumping from him.But at last he began to come to life again, holding down the ground—as a wounded man does, moaning, and there was thunder, and an earthquake.And Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai’s daughter was grinding corn when this happened, and the corn rolled in the basket, and she said: “How is it that it thunders when there are no clouds, none to be seen, and that the corn rolls in the basket?”And her father said: “You may think this is only thunder, but I tell you wonderful things are going to happen.”Ee-ee-toy, when he got a little stronger, picked up some stones and examined them, and threw them away. He did this four times, throwing away the stones each time, not liking any of them. And the children went there to play, and found him alive, and asked each other: “Why is that old man doing that, picking up stones, and throwing them away, and picking up more?”And he began then to cut up all kinds of sticks, four at a time, and to lay them down and look at them, but he liked none of them. Then he cut arrow weeds, four of them, and he liked their look. And he lit his pipe and blew the smoke over them, and spread his hand above them, and he liked the light of them which came thru his fingers.And he put those sticks away in his pouch. And then he rose and took a few steps, and began to walk. And all his springs of water had been dried up while he was dead, but when he walked the earth again they gushed forth, and he dipped his fingers in them and stroked his wet fingers over his breast and he did the same to the trees.And he went on and came to the cliff, where Vandaih once was, and he did the same to it, putting his hand to it and rubbing it. And he went to see the Sun.He came to where the Sun starts, but the Sun was not there, but he could see the road the Sun takes, and he followed it. And that road was fringed with beautiful feathers and flowers and turquoises.And he came to the tree which is called The Talking Tree. And the Tree took of its bark thin strips, which curled as owlfeathersdo when split, and tied them on a little stick, and put them in Ee-ee-toy’s hair. And it gave him four sticks, made from that one of its branches which dippedto the south. And from its middle branch it made him a war club, and from a gall, orexcrescence, which grew on its limb, it made him avah-quah,or canteen.After that he went along the beautiful fringed road which the Sun travels, and came to the place where the Sun drinks. And he took a drink there himself, putting his knee in the spot where the Sun’s knee-print is, and his hand where the Sun rests his hand. And in the clear water he saw a stone like the Doctors’ Stone, somewhat, but of the color of slate, with a zigzag pattern around it. And he took his four arrow-weeds and placed them under this stone and left them there.And he went on, and went down where the Sun goes down. And he went to see Juhwerta Mahkai, to the place where he lived with his people, those who sank thru the earth before the flood.And when Ee-ee-toy came to where Juhwerta Mahkai was, he said to him:—“There was an Older Brother, and his people were against him;And he had made an earth that was like your earth;And he had made mountains that were like your mountains;And he had made springs of water, like yours, that were satisfactory;And he made trees like yours, and everything that he made worked well.And they shot him till he bounced, four times on the open ground;And threw him with his face to the earth.And he lay there, dead, but when he came to life he used the strength of his right arm and rose up.But things were changed, and looked different from the old times.He examined the sticks, but none suited him;He eyed along the river, that green snake, which he had made, and found the sticks that pleased him.And he cut those arrow-weeds, he found there, into four pieces, and blew the smoke over them.And out of them came sparks of light, that almost reached the Opposite World, the World of the Enemy, where things are different.And when he saw the light from the sticks he smiled within himself;He was so pleased he had found the sticks that suited him.And he brought the Black Fog from the West, and stroked the sticks with it, and so finished them,And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Fog, and stroked the sticks with it, and finished them;And from the East he brought the Fog of Light, and stroked the sticks with it and finished them;And from Above brought the Green Fog, and put it in hiding, and there secretly stroked the sticks with it, and finished them;From the West he brought the Black Snake, which he had made, and bound the sticks together, and finished them.And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Snake, and bound the sticks together, and finished them;From the East he brought the Snake of Light, and bound the sticks together, and finished them;And from Above he brought the Green Snake, and bound them together and finished them.And then he rose up, and with the first step he stepped on the great doctors of the earth and sank them down;The next step he stepped on the Speaker, and sank him down;The next step he stepped on the Slayer, and sank him down;And the next step he stepped on the rushing young maid who gathers the fruit to feed the family, and sank her down.And then he sank down himself, and walked under the earth’s crust a little way, and then came out and found the Light’s Road, his own proper way, and walked in it.Where he found his springs of water, which he had made, with their green moss growing, and dipped his hand in them and moistened his heart;And every mountain he came to, which he had made, he entered and there he cooled his heart;And rested his hand on every tree he had made, and so freshened his heart;And came like a ghost to the place, the cliff, where he had killed the man-eagle, and sat there.And there was Someone there, whom he did not know, who asked him what he wanted, coming there like a ghost;Who said: ‘I told you that you would be against my people and the earth!’And from there he went to the East and strengthened himself four times;When he arrived at where the Sun arises;Where he came to the four notches which the Sun uses when he is rising.And where the Sun steps it is full of wind;And where the Sun puts his hands it is full of wind.In spite of that he climbed the way, the way in which the Sun rises.And he went Westward, stopping and taking his breath four times;Even at the fourth time, still going, still breathing westward.It was the west-bound road he followed, the road adorned with all beautiful fringes;Fringes of soft feathers, and large feathers; and flowers made from beautiful trees, and turquoises.And he went along this road, pulling all the fringes, and whenever he came to the doctors, tossing them up in the air.And there he came toNee-yaw-kee-tom Oas, The Talking Tree;And he came to it like a ghost, and fell down on his knees toward it;And the Tree asked him why he came like a ghost, and what he wanted:—‘I have told you that some day you would be the enemy to my people and to the earth.’There the Tree pulled off its bark and stuck it in his head, like split owl feathers;And it was its middle branch which it cut down in fine shape for a club and slipped under his belt;And it was a nut-gall from its limbs which it made into a canteen for him.And these two together it slipped under his belt.And it was the branch toward the ocean which it broke into four pieces, equally, and handed to him.And from thence he travelled on, on the Middle Road, and where there were beautiful fringes he examined them as he went along.And from the Middle Road he could see the road on either side, the Road of the Enemy.And it was among the fringes, where he was pulling the flowers made from sticks, that he reached the Speaker and tossed him, too.And there he reached the place where the Sun drinks.And tho the print of the Sun’s knee was full of wind, and the print of his hand full of wind,there he knelt and drank as the Sun drinks.And there, in the clear water, he found the Doctor’s stone, theDab-nam-hawteh, which is square, and there, under it, left the arrow-weeds.And he started on from thence and went to the Sunset Place.Going down as the Sun goes down, and slid down from there four times, to the home of Juhwerta Mahkai.When he sat down there a strong wind came from the West and carried him to the East and brought him back and sat him down again;And from Above a strong wind came and tossed him up toward the sky, and returned him back and sat him down again.And the Black Gopher, his pet from the West, was rolling over;And the Blue Gopher, his pet from the South, was rolling over;And the Gopher of Light, his pet from the East, was rolling over;And the Yellow Gopher, his pet from the North, was rolling over;Because of their trouble about him.”And Juwerta Mahkai picked up Ee-ee-toy like a baby, and held him in his arms, and swept the ground, and set him down upon it.And blew smoke over him, till he felt refreshed like a green tree.One kind of smoke was the ghost-smoke, which he blew over him;And the other kind was the smoke of the root calledbah-wiss-dhack.And there they built theO-numof Light:Which means the circle of those great ones around the fire.And thence they sent the Gray Owl, to go around the enemy and breathe over them.Who, when they heard him, were shaking with fear;A fear that pulled out their thoughts so that they knew nothing and were weak in arms and legs,And they could not remember their dreams, and their skins became like the skins of sick people;And their lice became many, and their hair became coarse, and their eyes became sore.And they chose the little Blue Owl and sent him to the enemy, and he breathed over them.And he was invisible because of his blue darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.And they selected a Green Road Runner, and sent him to breathe over them.And the people could not see him because of his green darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.And they selected the small Gray Night Hawk;And he blew a gray dust all thru the enemy’s houses and swept their ground.And their springs of water were left dry,chokedwith driftwood and covered with cobwebs.And theirkees, their houses, were full of soot, and their trails like old trails;And after that the fresh foot-tracks could be seen—And they went out and found the enemy by his fresh tracks and captured him, for he had no weapons.And from the sending out of the birds, even to the end, all this is a prophecy.Notes on Ee-ee-toy’s ResurrectionThe Story of Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection is perhaps the most poetic in the series, and the opening picture of him lying on the ground, lifeless, with the elements lamenting over him and the little children playing on him, might challenge the genius of a great artist.It is particularly rich in the mystical element also.I confess that I am not very confident of my rendering of those of the opening sentences of Ee-ee-toy’s speech between “And he had made an earth” and the statement “And they shot him,” etc. My Indians seemed to get hopelessly tangled over archaic words and other impediments here and not at all sure of what they told me. The rest I think is correct.Here we came to the mystic colors of the four quarters, North, South, East and West and of the zenith, the Above, which the Pimas reckoned evidently as a cardinal point. If their mystic power was derived from the cardinal points, might not their inclusion of the zenith make five also sometimes a mystic number? I think that it perhaps was.Brinton says that among the Mayas of Yucatan, East is Red, West is Black, North is White and South is Yellow.The Speaker: It was customary in the villages of the Awawtam for some individual, perhaps a chief, or a mahkai, or some representative of these, to mount on a kee, or other high place, and in a loud voice shout news, orders, advice, or other important matters to the people. This was the Speaker, a sort of town crier.To step on the rushing young maid who gathered the cactus fruit was a blow at the enemy’s subsistence.It seems to have been a custom among the mahkais to have pet animals to assist them in their magic.A circle of bushes, stood up in the earth, forming a screen for shelter or privacy, was called an onum. One or more may be found near almost any Pima hut.To work witchcraft on a foe, so that he be left weaponless and helpless, and off his guard against attack, seems to have been the favorite dream of whoso went to war. Treachery was idolized. There was no notion of a fair fight.Stories of mythical beings who, tho repeatedly killed, persist in coming to life again, are common among many Indian tribes.

Stories of the Second NightThe Story of the Turquoises and the Red BirdAnd at the vahahkkee which the white men now call the Casa Grande ruins was the home ofSeeollstchewadack Seeven, or the Morning green Chief.And one morning the young women at that place were playing and having a good time with the game of the knotted rope or balls, which is calledtoe-coll.And in this game the young girls are placed at each end, near the goals, and at this time, at the west end, one of the young girls gradually sank into the earth; and as she sank the earth around her became very green with grass.And Seeollstchewadack Seeven told the people not to disturb the green spot until the next morning; and the next morning the green spot was a green rock, and he told the people to dig around it, and as they dug they chipped off small pieces, and the people came and got what they wanted of these pieces of green stone. And they made ear-rings and ornaments from these green stones, which weretchew-dack-na-ha-gay-awhor turquoises.And after the turquoises were distributed, and the fame of this had spread, the chief of another people, who lived to the east, whose name wasDthas Seeven(Sun-Chief) thought he would do something wonderful, too, being envious, and he opened one of his veins and from the blood madea large, beautiful bird, colored red.And Dthas Seeven told his bird to go to the city of Seeollstchewadack Seeven and hang around there till that chief saw him and took him in. And when they offered him corn he was not to eat that nor anything else they gave him, but when he saw his chance he was to pick up a bit of the green stone and swallow it, for when it should be seen that he would swallow the green stones then he would be fed on turquoises.So the bird was sent, and when it arrived at the city of the turquoises, the daughter of Seeollstchewadack Seeven, whose name wasNawitch, saw it and went and told her father. And he asked, “What is the color of the bird?” and she answered, “Red;” and he said, “I know that bird. It is a very rare bird, and its being here is a sign something good is going to happen. I want you to get the bird and bring it here, but do not take hold of it. Offer it a stick, and it will take hold of it, with its bill, and you can lead it here.”And Nawitch offered the bird a stick, and it caught hold of the end by its bill, which was like a parrot’s bill, and she led it to her father.And Seeollstchewadack Seeven said: “Feed him on pumpkin seed, for that is what this kind of bird eats.”And Nawitch gave the bird pumpkin seed, but it would not eat. And then she tried melon seed, but it would not eat. And then she tried devil-clawseed, but it would not eat. And her father said, then: “Make him broth of corn, for this kind of bird eats only new dishes!” And she did so, but it would not eat the broth of corn.And the old man told her to try pumpkin seed again; and she tried the pumpkin seed again, and the melon seed again, and the devil-claw seed, and the broth of corn, but the bird would not touch any of these.But just then the bird saw a little piece of turquoise lying on the ground and it sprang and swallowed it. And the daughter saw this and told her father that the bird would eat turquoises. And her father said: “This kind of bird will not eat turquoises, but you may try him.” And she gave it some turquoises and it ate them greedily. And then her father said: “Go and get some nice, clean ones, a basket full.” And she did so, and the bird ate them all, and she kept on feeding it until it had swallowed four basketful.And then the bird began to run around, and the girl said: “I fear our pet will leave us and fly away” but the old man said: “He will not fly away. He likes us too well for that,” but after a short time the bird got to a little distance and took to its wings, and flew back to the city of Dthas Seeven.And Dthas Seeven gave it water twice, and each time it vomited, and thus it threw up all the turquoises.And so Dthas Seeven also had turquoises.Notes on the Story of the TurquoisesTurquoises seem to have been regarded by all Arizona Indians as magical and lucky stones, and the Story of theTurquoisesprofesses to give their origin.Of the game, toe-coll, here spoken of, Whittemore gives this account in Cook’s “Among the Pimas:” “One of the amusements of the women was that of tossing balls. They had two small ones, covered with buckskin, and tied about six inches apart. Young women and married, from thirty to seventy-five in a group, assembled as dressed for a ball, their hair carefully manipulated so as to be black and glossy. Each had a stick of willow six feet long. With these they dextrously tossed the balls high in the air, running after them until one party was so weary that they gave up the game from mere exhaustion.“In order to make the excitement a success they had certain active women, keen of wit and quick of action, practice weeks in advance.”Sometimes the balls were formed by two large knots in a short piece of rope.The Story of Wayhohm, Toehahvs and TottaiAnd Seeollstchewadack Seeven wondered what this action of the bird meant, and he studied about it till he found out who it was that had sent the bird and for what purpose.And he sent a cold rain upon the home of Dthas Seeven. And it rained a heavy rain for three days and three nights, so hard that it put out all the fires in the city of Dthas Seeven, and Dthas Seeven was dying with cold.And the people came about him to witness his dying, and they said: “Let us send some one to get the fire!” And they sent Toehahvs.And Toehahvs went, and at last came to a house where he heard the fire roaring within. And he looked in, and there was a big fire. And he sat in the doorway holding out his paws toward the heat.And the owner of the house, whose name wasWay-hohm, or the Lightning, sat working within with his face to the fire and his back to Toehahvs. And Toehahvs wanted to dash in and steal some fire, but he did not dare, and he went back and told the people he had seen the fire but he could not get it.On the fourth day it was still raining, and they sent another person. And this time they sentTot-tai, or the Road Runner, for they said he could run almost as fast as Toehahvs.And Tottai came to the same house, and heard the fire, and peeped in the door to warm himself. And there sat the owner of the fire, Wayhohm, working with his face to the fire and his back to Tottai. And Tottai dashed in and caught hold of a stick with fire at one end and ran out with it.And Wayhohm caught up his bow, the Bow-of-the-Lightning,Way-hohm-a-Gaht, and fired at Road Runner, and struck him on the side of his head, and that is why the side of Tottai’s head is still bare; and Tottai ran on, and Wayhohm shot at him again and struck the other side of his head.And Tottai whirled around then so that the sparks flew every way, and got into all kinds of wood, and that is why there is fire in all kinds of sticks even now, and the Indian can get it out by rubbing them together to this day.But Tottai kept on, and got to the house of Dthas Seeven all right, and they made a fire, and Dthas Seeven got better again.Notes on the Story of WayhohmThere is a suggestion of Thor in the Story of Wayhohm, and also of Prometheus. Wayhohm’s house must have been the hall of the clouds.How true to nature, here, is the touch describing the Coyote-person, Toehahvs. Theexcessivecaution of the coyote, making it impossible for him, however eager, to force himself into any position he suspects, here stands out before us, contrasted in the most dramatic way with the dashing boldness of the road-runner.When we reached the end of this story Comalk Hawk-Kih took two pieces of wood to rub them together to make fire. But he was old and breathless, and “Sparkling-Soft-Feather,” the mother of my interpreter, took them and made the fire for me. I have the implements yet.There were two parts to the apparatus. Gee-uh-toe-dah, the socket stick was of a soft dry piece of giant cactus rib, and a notch was whittled in one side of this with a small socket at the apex, that is on the upper side.This was placed flat on the ground, with a bit of corn husk under the notch, and held firmly in position by the bare feet. The twirling stick, eev-a-dah-kote, was a hard arrow weed, very dry and scraped smooth. The end of this was engaged in the little socket, at the top of the cactus rib, and then, held perpendicularly, was twirled between the two hands till the friction rubbed off a powder which crowded out of the socket, and fell down the notch at its side to the corn-husk. This little increasing pile of powder was the tinder, and, as the twirling continued, grew black, smelled like burned wood, smoked and finally glowed like punk. It was now picked up on the corn husk and placed in dry horse dung, a bunch of dry grass, or some such inflammable material, and blown into flame.It looked very simple, and took little time, but I never could do it.The Story of HawawkAnd when Dthas Seeven had gotten better he meditated on what had happenedtohim, and studied out that Seeollstchewadack-Seeven was the cause of his trouble, and planned how to get the better of him.Now the Indians have a game of football in which the ball is not kicked but lifted and thrown a good ways by the foot, and Dthas Seeven made such a ball, and sent a young man to play it in the direction of the city of Seeollstchewadack-Seeven. And the young man did so, and as he kept the ball going on it came to the feet of a young girl, who, when she saw the ball, picked it up and hid it under the square of cloth which Indian girls wear.And the young man came up and asked her if she had seen the ball, and she answered no, she had not seen it, and she kept on denying it, so at last he turned back and said he might as well go home as he no longer had a ball to play with. But he had not gone far before the girl called to him: “Are you not coming back to get your ball?” And he went back to her, and she tried to find the ball, but could not.But the ball was not lost, but it had bewitched her.And after a time this girl had a baby, a tall baby, with claws on its hands and feet like a wild animal.And the people did not know what this meant,and they asked Toehahvs, and Toehahvs knew because this had been prophesied of old time. And Toehahvs said: “She isHaw-awk.”And Hawawk grew and became able to crawl, but people were afraid of handling her because of the scratching of her claws. Only her relatives could safely handle her. And as she grew older, still, she would sometimes see other children and wish to play with them, but in a short time they would get scratched by her in her gambols and would run home crying and leave her alone. And it got so that when the children saw her coming they would tell each other and run home and she could get none of them to play with her.She claimed Ee-ee-toy as her uncle, and when he had been rabbit-hunting and came in with game she would run and call him “uncle!” and try and get the rabbits away from him; and when he cleaned the rabbits and threw away the entrails she would run and devour them, and the bones of the rabbits the people threw away after the feasts she would eat, too.And when Hawawk grew older she would sometimes complain to Ee-ee-toy if he came in without game. “Why is it you sometimes come in without rabbits?” she would say, “And why do you not kill a great many?” And he would reply: “It is not possible to kill a great many, for they run very fast and are very hard to shoot with a bow and arrow.” “Let me go with you,” she would say, “and I will kill a great many.”But he would tell her: “You are a girl, and it is not your place to go hunting. If you were a boy it would be, but as it is you cannot go.”And she kept on begging in this way, and he kept on refusing, she saying that she could kill a great many, and he saying that only a man or a boy could shoot many rabbits, because they ran so fast.But as she grew older still she began to follow the hunters, and when the hunting began she would be in the crowd, but she tried to keep out of her uncle’s way so that he would not see her. And sometimes when she would thus be following the hunt a rabbit would run in her direction, and she would run fast and jump on it and kill it, and eat it right there; and after a while she could do this oftener and caught a good many; and she would eat all she wanted as she caught them, and the others she gave to her uncle, Ee-ee-toy, to carry home. And Ee-ee-toy came to like to have her with him because of the game she could get. But after a time she did not come home anymore, but staid out in the bushes, living on the game she could get. But when the hunters came out, she would still join them and after killing and eating all she wanted she would give the rest of her kill to her uncle, as before.And so she contrived to live in the wild places, like a wild-cat, and in time became able to kill deer, antelopes, and all big game, and yet being part human she would tan buckskin like a womanand do all that a woman needs to do.And she found a cave in the mountain which is calledTaht-kum, where she lived, and that cave can be seen now and is still called Hawawk’s Cave.But she had been born near where the ruins of Casa Grande now are and claimed that vahahkkee for her own. And when she knew a baby had been born there she would go to the mother and say, “I want to see my grandchild.” But if the mother let her take the baby she would put it over her shoulder, into her gyih-haw, and run to her cave, and put the baby into a mortar, and pound it up and eat it. And she got all the babies she could in this way; and later on she grew bolder and would find the larger children, wheretheywere at play, and would carry them off to eat them. And now she let all the rabbits and such game go, and lived only on the children she caught, for a long time.And Ee-ee-toy told the people what to do in this great trouble. He told them to roast a big lot of pumpkin seeds and to go into their houses and keep still. And when the people had roasted the pumpkin seeds and gone into their houses, Ee-ee-toy came around and stopped up the door of every house with bushes, and plastered clay over the bushes as the Awawtam still do when they go away from home.After a time Hawawk came around, and stood near the houses, and listened, and heard the people cracking the pumpkin seeds inside.And she said: “Where are all my grandchildren? They must have been gone for a long time, for I do not see any tracks, nor hear any voices, and I hear only the rats eating the seeds in the empty houses.”And she came several times and saw no one, and really believed the people had gone entirely away. And for a while she did not come any more, but after a time she was one day running by the village and she saw some children playing. And she caught two and ran with them to her cave. And from that day she went on stealing children as before.And Ee-ee-toy made him a rattle, out of a wild gourd, and went and lay on the trail on which Hawawk usually came, and changed himself into the little animal called “Kaw-awts.” And when Hawawk came along she poked him with a stick of her gyih-haw and said:“Here is a little kaw-awts. He must be my pet.” And then Ee-ee-toy jumped up and shook his rattle at her, and frightened her so that she ran home. And then Ee-ee-toy made rattles for all the children in that place and when they saw Hawawk coming they would shake their rattles at her and scare her back again.But after a while Hawawk became used to the rattles and ceased to fear them, and even while they were shaking she would run and carry some of the children off.And one day two little boys were hunting dovesafter the manner of the country. They had a little kee of willows, and a hole inside in the sand where they sat, and outside a stick stuck up for the doves to light on. And when the doves came they would shoot them with their bows and arrows. And while they were doing this they saw Hawawk coming. And they said:“What shall we do! Hawawk is coming and will eat us up.”And they lay down in the hole in the sand and covered themselves with the dove’s feathers. And Hawawk came and said: “Where are my grandchildren! Some of them have been here very lately.” And she went all around and looked for their tracks, but could find none leading away from the place. And she came back again to the kee, and while she was looking in a wind came and swept away all the dove-feathers, and she sprang in and caught up the two boys and put them in her gyih-haw and started off.And as she went along the boys said: “Grandmother, we like flat stones to play with.Won’tyou give us all the flat stones you can find?” And Hawawk picked up all the flat stones she came to and put them one by one over hershoulderinto the basket.And the boys said, again, after the basketbeganto get heavy, “Grandmother, we like to go under limbs of trees. Go under all the low limbs of trees you can to please us.” And Hawawk went under a low tree, and one of the boys caught hold of the limb and hung there tillshe had gone on. And Hawawk went under another tree, and the other boycaughthold of a limb and staid there. But because of the flat stones she kept putting into her gyih-haw Hawawk did not notice this. And when she got to her cave and emptied her basket there were no boys there.And when Hawawk saw this she turned back and found the tracks of the boys, and ran, following after them, and caught up with them just before they got to their village. And she would have caught them there, and carried them off again, but the boys had gathered some of the fine thorns of a cactus, and when Hawawk came near they held them up and let them blow with the wind into her face.And they stuck in her eyes, and hurt them, and she began to rub her eyes, which made them hurt worse so that she could not see them, and then the boys ran home and thus saved their lives.After that she went to another place calledVahf-kee-wohlt-kih, or the Notched Cliffs, and staid around there and ate the children, and then she moved to another place, the old name of which is now forgotten, but it is called, now,Stchew-a-dack Vah-veeuh, or the Green Well. And there, too, she killed the children.And the people called on Ee-ee-toy to help them, and Ee-ee-toy said, “I will kill her at once!”And Ee-ee-toy, being her relative, went to her home and said: “Your grandchildren want someamusement and are going to have dances now every night and would like you to come.”And she replied: “You know very well I do not care for such things. I do not care to come.”And Ee-ee-toy returned and told the people she did not care to come to their dances, tho he had invited her, but he would think of some other way to get her to come where they were, that they might kill her.And he went a second time, and told her the people were going to sing theHwah-guff-san-nuh-kotch Nyuee, or Basket Drumming Song, and wanted her to come. But she said: “I have heard of that song, but I do not care to hear it. I care nothing for such things, and I will not come.”So Ee-ee-toy returned and told of his second failure, but promised he would try again. And in the morning he went to her and said: “Yourgrandchildrenare going to sing the songHaw-hawf-kuh Nyueeor Dance of the Bone-trimmed Dresses Song and they want you to come.” But she said: “I do not care for this song, either, and I will not come.”And Ee-ee-toy told of his third failure, but promised the people he would try once more,and when the morning came he went to Hawawk and said: “Your grandchildren are going to dance tonight to the song which is calledSee-coll-cod-dha-kotch Nyuee,” (which is a sort of ring dance with the dancers in a circle with joinedhands) “and they want you to come.”And she said: “That is what I like. I will come to that. When is it going to be?”And he said: “It will be this very night.”And he went and told the people she was coming and they must be ready for her.Hawawk got ready in the early evening and dressed herself in a skirt of soft buckskin. And over this she placed an overskirt of deerskin, fringed with long cut fringes with deer-hoofs at the ends to rattle. And then she ran to the dancing place; and the people could hear her a long way off, rattling, as she came. And they were already dancing when she arrived there, and she went and joined hands with Ee-ee-toy.And Hawawk was a great smoker, and Ee-ee-toy made cigarettes for her that had something in them that would make folks sleep. And he smoked these himself, a little, to assure her, but cautiously and moderately, not inhaling the smoke, but she inhaled the smoke, and before the four nights were up she was so sleepy that the people were dragging her around as they danced, and then she got so fast asleep that Ee-ee-toy carried her on his shoulder.And all the time they were dancing they were moving across country, and getting nearer the cave where she lived, and other people at the same time were ahead of them carrying lots of wood to her cave. And when they arrived at her cave in the mountain of Tahtkum they laid hersleeping body down inside, and placed the wood in the cave between her and the door, filling it all to the entrance, which they closed with four hurdles, such as the people fasten their doors with, so that she could not run out.And then they set the wood on fire, and it burned fiercely, and when the fire reached Hawawk she waked and cried out. “My grandchildren, what have I done that you should treat me this way!”And the fire hurt her so that she jumped up and down with pain, and her head struck the ceiling of the cave and split the rock. And when the people saw it they called to Ee-ee-toy, and he went and put his foot over the crack, and sealed it up, and you may see the track of his foot there to this day.But Ee-ee-toy was not quick enough, and her soul escaped through the crack.And then for a while the people had peace, but in time her soul turned into a green hawk, and this hawk killed the people, but did not eat them.And this made the people great trouble, but one day a woman was making pottery and she had just taken one pot out of the fire and left another one in the furnace, on its side, when this hawk saw her and came swooping down from high in the air to kill her, but missed her, and went into the hot pot in the fire, and so was burned up and destroyed.And one day they boiled greens in that pot,the greens calledchoo-hook-yuh, and the greens boiled so hard that they boiled over, and splashed around and killed people. And they boiled all day and stopped at night, and at daybreak began again to boil, and this they did for a long time; boiling by day and stopping at night.And the people sent for Toehahvs who lived in the east, andGee-ah-duk Seeven, or Strong Bow Chief, who lived where is now the ruin ofAw-awt-kum Vah-ahk-kee, to kill the pot for them.And when they arrived Geeahduk Seeven enquired if the pot slept. And the people said:“Yes, it sleeps all night.” Then said Geeahduk Seeven, “We will get up very early, before the pot wakes, and then we will kill it.”But Toehahvs said; “That is not right, to go and kill it at night. I am not like a jealous woman who goes and fights her rival in the darkness. I am not a woman, I am a man!”And Toehahvs said to Geeahduk Seeven: “I will go in the morning to attack the pot and I want you to go on the other side, and if the pot throws its fluid at me, so that I cannot conquer it, then do you run up on the other side and smash it.”Then Toehahvs took his shield and his club, in the morning, and went to attack the pot. But the pot saw him, and, altho he held up his shield, it boiled over, and threw the boiling choohookyuh so high and far that some of it fell on Toehahvs’ back and scalded it. And Toehahvs had to give back a little. But at that momentGeeahduk Seeven ran in on the other side and smashed the pot.And there was an old man with an orphan grandson, living near there, and when the pot was smashed these came to the spot and ate up the choohookyuh. And at once they were turned into bears, the old man into a black bear, the boy into a brown bear.And these bears also killed people, and tho the people tried to kill them, for a long time they could not do so. When they shot arrows at the bears, the bears would catch them and break them up. And so the people had to study out other ways to get the better of them. There is a kind of palm-tree, calledo-nook, which has balls where the branches come out, and the people burned the trees to get these balls, and threw them at the bears. And the bears caught the balls, and fought and wrestled with them, and while their attention was taken by these balls the people shot arrows at them and killed them.And thus ended forever the evil power of Hawawk.Notes on the Story of HawawkThe Story of Hawawk opens with an interesting reference to the favorite Pima game of football. The ball was about two and one half inches in diameter, merely a heavy pebble coated thick with black greasewood gum. Sometimes it was decorated with little inlays of shell. It was thrown by the lifting of the naked or sandaled foot, rather than kicked. Astonishing tales are told of the running power and endurance of the older Indians. White and red men agree in the testimony.Emory says of the Maricopa interpreter, Thirsty Hawk, before alluded to, that he came running into their camp on foot and “appearedto keep pace with the fleetest horse.” Whittemore, the missionary, says: “Some young women could travel from forty to fifty miles in sixteen hours, and there were warriors who ran twenty miles, keeping a horse on a canter following them.” G. W. Mardis, the trader at Phoenix, told me he had known Indians to run all day, and my interpreter told me of Pimas running forty to seventy miles in a day, hunting horses on the mountains. Others ran races with horses and with a little handicap and for moderate distance often beat them. On these long runs after horses the men took theirfootballsand kept them going, saying it made the journey amusing and less tiresome. And undoubtedly it was, in the practice of this sport, that their powers were developed. Beside the usual foot-races, in which all Indians delight, it often happened that two champions would, on a set day, start in different directions and chase their footballs far out on the desert, perhaps ten miles and then return. The one who came in first was winner. The whole tribe, in two parties, on horseback as far as they could get mounts, followed the champions, as judges, assistants, critics and friends and there was profuse betting and picturesque excitement and display.But the fine old athletic games seem to have all died out now.Stories of miraculous conception are not uncommon in Indian tradition, and this story of the bewitching of the young girl into motherhood thru the agency of the football is an instance.This gruesome and graphic tale is full of insight into Indian thought and fancy. In reading it we are reminded of many familiar old nursery tales of kidnapped child, pig or fowl (“the little red hin” of Irish legend for instance) and of Were-Wolf and Loup-Garou.And here reappears the old myth of some god’s or hero’s footstep printed in solid rock.Here is a hint, too, of transmigration in the various adventures of the soul of Hawawk.My Indian hosts cooked me a pot of choohookyuh greens, and I found them very palatable.The reference to the pottery making reminds me of Pima arts. Today the Maricopas have almost a monopoly of pottery making, tho the Quohatas make some good pottery too. It is shaped by the hands (no potters wheel being known) and smoothed and polished by stones, painted red with a mineral and black with mezquite gum and baked in a common fire. It is often very artistic in a rude way, in form and decoration.The Papagoes do most of the horse-hair work, chiefly bridles, halters and lariat ropes, and make mats and fans from rushes.The Pimas make the famous black and white, watertight baskets, which are too well known to need description. The black in these is shreds of the dead-black seed pod of the devil-claw and not some fibre dyed black, as some suppose.There seems to have been no original bead work among Pima Indians.The Story of Tawquahdahmawks and her CanalAnd after this the people had long peace, increased in numbers, and were scattered all around. Some lived where the old vahahkkees now are in the Gila country, and some lived in the Papago country, and some in the Salt River country. And those who lived where the mound now is between Phoenix and Tempe were the first to use a canal to irrigate their land. And these raised all kinds of vegetables and had fine crops. And the people of the Gila country and the people of the Salt River country at first did not raise many vegetables, because they did not irrigate, and they used to visit the people who did irrigate and eat with them; but after a while the people who lived on the south side of the Salt River also made a canal, and you can see it to this day.But when these people tried their canal it did not work. When they dammed the river the water did not run, because the canal was uphill. And they could not seem to make it deeper, because it was all in a lime rock.And they sent for Ee-ee-toy to help them. And Ee-ee-toy had them get stakes of ironwood, and sharpen them, and all stand in a row with their stakes in their hands at the bottom of the canal.And then Ee-ee-toy sang a song, and at the end of the song the people were all to strike their stakes into the bottom of the canal to make it deeper. But it would not work, it was too hard, and Ee-ee-toy gave it up.And Ee-ee-toy said: “I can do no more, but there is an old woman namedTaw-quah-dahm-awks(which means The Wampum Eater) and she, tho only a woman, is very wise, and likely can help you better than I. I advise you to send for her.”And the people sent for her, and she said: “I will come at once.”And she came, as she had promised, but she did not go to where the people were assembled, but went right to the canal. And she had brought a fog with her, and she left the fog at the river, near the mouth of the canal. And she went up the course of the canal, looking this way and that, to see how much up-hill it ran.And when she reached where the canal ran up-hill she blew thru it the breath which is calledseev-hur-whirl, which means a bitter wind. And this wind tore up the bed of the canal, as deep as was necessary, throwing the dirt and rocks out on each side.And then the fog dammed up the river and the water ran thru the canal.Then the old woman did not go near the people, but went home, and in the morning, when one of the people went to see why the old woman didnot come, he saw the canal full of water and he yelled to everybody to come and see it.And in this way these people got water for their crops and were as prosperous as the others below them.Notes on the Story of TawquahdahmawksIn this story we find proof that the oldest digging utensil was a sharpened stake.Before these people became agricultural they must have subsisted mainly on the game and wild fruits of the desert. They showed me several seed-bearing bushes and weeds which in old time had helped to eke out for them an existence.Starvation must have often stared them in the face, and the references to hunger, and the prophecies of plenty, and of visits to relatives whose crops were good, are scattered pathetically all thru these legends.And indeed, until very recently, mezquite beans and the fruit of various cactus plants were staple articles of food.Mezquite beans grow in a pod on the thorny mezquite trees. The gathering of them was quite a tribal event, large parties going out. The beans when brought home were pounded in thechee-o-pah, or mortar, which was made by burning a hollow in the end of a short mezquite log, set in the ground like a low post. A long round stone pestle, orvee-it-kote, was used to beat with, and sometimes the cheeopah itself was of stone. But stone mortars were usually ancient and dug from out the vahahkkee ruins.The beans, crushed very fine and separated from the indigestible seeds, packed into a sweet cake that would keep a year.Various cactus fruits were eaten. They warned me that for a novice to eat freely of prickly pears produced a lame, sore feeling, as if one had taken cold or a fever. I noticed no symptoms however. The fruit of the giant cactus is gathered from the top, around which it grows like acrown, by a long light pole, made from the rib of the same cactus, with a little hook at its end made by tying another short piece, slant-wise, across. They called the constellation of Ursa Major,Quee-ay-put, or The Cactus-Puller, from a fancied resemblance to this familiar implement.The giant cactus, orhar-san, was eaten ripe, or dried in the sun, or boiled to a jam and sealed away in earthern jars. They also fermented it by mixing with water, and made their famoustis-winor whiskey from it. They had “big drunks” at this time, in which all the tribe joined in a general spree.A sort of large worm (larva) was also gathered in large quantities, boiled and eaten with salt.The confusion in the Pimathoughton religious matters is well revealed in this tale, in which Ee-ee-toy, who may be regarded as a god, frankly admits that in some matters an old woman may be wiser and more powerful than he. Nothing appears to have been very clearly defined in their faith except that a mahkai might be or do almost anything.How Nooee Killed Ee-ee-toyEe-ee-toy lived in the Salt River Mountain, which is called by the Awawtam Moehahdheck, or the Brown Mountain, and whenever the girls had ceremonial dances because of their arrival at womanhood he would come and sing the appropriate songs. And it often happened that he would tempt these young girls away to his mountain, to be his wives, but after keeping them awhile he would grow tired of them and send them back.And the people disliked Ee-ee-toy because of this. And when they had crops, too, Ee-ee-toy would often shoot his hot arrows thru the fields, and wither up the growing things; and tho the people did not see him do this, they knew he was guilty, and they wanted to kill him, but they did not know how to do it.And the people talked together about how they could kill Ee-ee-toy. And two young boys, there were, who were always together.And as they lay at the door of their kee they heard the people talking of sending bunches of people here and there to kill Ee-ee-toy, and one said: “He is only one, we could kill him ourselves.” And the other one said: “Let us go and kill him, then.”So the two boys went to Moehahdheck, and found Ee-ee-toy lying asleep, and beat him with their clubs, and killed him, and then came back and told the people of what they had done. Butnone of the people went to see the truth of this and in the morning Ee-ee-toy came again, just as he used to do, and walked around among the people, who said among themselves: “I thought the boys said they had killed him.”And that same night all the people went to Moehahdheck, and found Ee-ee-toy asleep, and fell upon him and killed him. And there was a pile of wood outside, and they laid him on this and set fire to the wood and burned his flesh. And feeling sure that he was now dead, they went home, but in the morning there he was, walking around, alive again.And so the people assembled again, and that night, once more, they killed him, and they cut his flesh up into little bits, and put it into a pot, and boiled it, and when it was cooked they threw it all away in different directions. But in the morning he was alive again and the people gave it up for that time.But after awhile they were planning again how to kill him; and one of them proposed that they all go and tie him with ropes and take him to a high cliff, and push him off, and let him fall. And so they went and did this, but Ee-ee-toy was not hurt at all. He just walked off, when he reached the bottom, and looked up at the people above him.The next scheme was to drown him. They caught him and led him to a whirlpool, and tied his hands and feet and threw him in. But hecame up in a few minutes, without any ropes on, and looked at the people, and then dived, and so kept on coming up and diving down. And the people, seeing they could not drown him, went home once more.Then Nooee called the people together and said: “It is of no use for you to try to kill Ee-ee-toy, for you cannot kill him. He is too powerful for men to kill. He has power over the winds, and all the animals, and he knows all that is going on in the mountains, and in the sky. And I have power something like him.”So Nooee told the people to come in, that evening, to his house. He said: “I will show you part of my power, and I want everyone to see it.”And Nooee lived not far from where Ee-ee-toy did, south of the Moehahdheck mountain, at a place calledNooee Vahahkkee, and that was where he invited the people to come.And so, when the people assembled at Nooee Vahahkkee, Nooee made earth in his habitation, and mountains on it, and all things on it, in little as we say, so that the people could see his power; for JuhwertaMahkaihad made him to have power, tho he had not cared to use it. And he made a little world in his house for them to look at, with sun, moon and stars working just as our sun and stars work; and everything exactly like our world.And when night came, Nooee pushed the darkness back with his hands, and spread it on the walls, so that the people could see his little worldand how it worked. And he was there four days and four nights, showing this wonder to the people.And after this Nooee flew up thru the openings in the roof of his house, and sat there, and saw the sun rise. And as soon as the sun rose Nooee flew towards it, and flew up and up, higher and higher, until he could see Ee-ee-toy’s heart. And he wore a nose ring, as all the brave people did, a nose ring of turquoise. But from his high view he saw that everything looked green and so he knew he could not killEe-ee-toythat day.And the next day he did the same thing, only he wore a new nose-ring, made of a sparkling shell. And when he got up highenufto see Ee-ee-toy’s heart he saw that the ground looked dry, and he was very much pleased, for he knew that now he would, someday, kill Ee-ee-toy. And he went home.And the third morning Nooee again put on his nose ring of glittering shell, and flew up to meet the Sun, and he flew up and up until he came to the sun himself. And Nooee said to the Sun: “You know there is a Person, on earth, called Ee-ee-toy, who is very bad, and I want to kill him, and I want your help, and this is the reason I come to you.”And Nooee said to the Sun: “Now you go back, and let me shine in your place, and I will give just as much light as you do, but let mehave yourvi-no-me-gaht, your gun, to shoot with, when I get around to your home.” And the Sun said: “Moe-vah Sop-hwah, that is all right. But I always go down over yonder mountain, and when you get to that mountain just stop and look back, and see how the world looks.”And Nooee took the Sun’s place, and went down, that evening, over the mountain, stopping, as he was told, to see how wonderful the world looked; and when he came to the Sun’s home, the sun gave him the weapon he shot with.And the next morning Nooee rose in place of the Sun, and after rising a little he shot at the earth, and it became very hot. And before noon he shot again, and it was still hotter. And Ee-ee-toy knew, now that he was going to be killed, but he tried to use all his power to save himself. He ran around, and came to a pond where there had always been ice, and he jumped in to cool himself, but it was all boiling water.And when it was nearly noon Nooee shot again, and it became terribly hot, and Ee-ee-toy ran for a rock which had always been cold, but just before he got there the heat made the rock burst.And he ran to a tree, whose cool shade he often enjoyed, but as he came near it the tree began to burst into flame, and he had to turn back. And now it was noon, and Nooee shot again.And Ee-ee-toy ran to a great post, all stripedaround with black and white, which had been made by his power, and which had a hollow that was always cool inside, and was about to put his arms around it when he fell down and died.So Ee-ee-toy was dead, and Nooee went down to his setting, and returned the weapon to the Sun, and then went home to his vahahkkee.The Song of Nooee when he went to the SunThe Rising (Sun) I am going to meet.(Repeated many times)When NooeeKilledEe-ee-toy1(A Song)The gun, he gave it to me as a cane;With it I killed the Brother’s heart.Notes on how Nooee Killed Ee-ee-toyThe hot arrows of Ee-ee-toy, that withered the crops, remind us of Apollo.The idea often comes up in these stories that a person possessing the powers of a mahkai was hard to kill, having as many lives as a cat. It would also appear that there was a confusion as to what constituted killing, anyway.They perhaps regarded mere unconsciousness as death.Both Ee-ee-toy and Nooee are “killed,” but after an interval are alive again. And Whittemore relates: “An Apache, seeing Louis, the Pima interpreter, came to him in high glee. Taking his hand, he said: ‘You are the Pima who killed me years ago.’ Louis then recognized him as the man to whom he had dealt a heavy blow with a warclub, and then left him for dead on the battle-field.”Is there any connection between the the fact that when Nooee wore a nose-ring of turquoise the earth looked green, and that when he wore a nose-ring of glittering shell the earth looked dry to him?Could this whole story have been a myth of some great drouth?1The reference to the “gun” shows clearly that this song was made after the advent of the white man.Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection and Speech to Juhwerta MahkaiAnd after Ee-ee-toy was dead he lay there, as some say for four months, and some say for four years.He was killed,but his winds were not killed, nor his clouds and they were sorry for him, and his clouds rained on him.And he lay there so long that the little children played on him, jumping from him.But at last he began to come to life again, holding down the ground—as a wounded man does, moaning, and there was thunder, and an earthquake.And Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai’s daughter was grinding corn when this happened, and the corn rolled in the basket, and she said: “How is it that it thunders when there are no clouds, none to be seen, and that the corn rolls in the basket?”And her father said: “You may think this is only thunder, but I tell you wonderful things are going to happen.”Ee-ee-toy, when he got a little stronger, picked up some stones and examined them, and threw them away. He did this four times, throwing away the stones each time, not liking any of them. And the children went there to play, and found him alive, and asked each other: “Why is that old man doing that, picking up stones, and throwing them away, and picking up more?”And he began then to cut up all kinds of sticks, four at a time, and to lay them down and look at them, but he liked none of them. Then he cut arrow weeds, four of them, and he liked their look. And he lit his pipe and blew the smoke over them, and spread his hand above them, and he liked the light of them which came thru his fingers.And he put those sticks away in his pouch. And then he rose and took a few steps, and began to walk. And all his springs of water had been dried up while he was dead, but when he walked the earth again they gushed forth, and he dipped his fingers in them and stroked his wet fingers over his breast and he did the same to the trees.And he went on and came to the cliff, where Vandaih once was, and he did the same to it, putting his hand to it and rubbing it. And he went to see the Sun.He came to where the Sun starts, but the Sun was not there, but he could see the road the Sun takes, and he followed it. And that road was fringed with beautiful feathers and flowers and turquoises.And he came to the tree which is called The Talking Tree. And the Tree took of its bark thin strips, which curled as owlfeathersdo when split, and tied them on a little stick, and put them in Ee-ee-toy’s hair. And it gave him four sticks, made from that one of its branches which dippedto the south. And from its middle branch it made him a war club, and from a gall, orexcrescence, which grew on its limb, it made him avah-quah,or canteen.After that he went along the beautiful fringed road which the Sun travels, and came to the place where the Sun drinks. And he took a drink there himself, putting his knee in the spot where the Sun’s knee-print is, and his hand where the Sun rests his hand. And in the clear water he saw a stone like the Doctors’ Stone, somewhat, but of the color of slate, with a zigzag pattern around it. And he took his four arrow-weeds and placed them under this stone and left them there.And he went on, and went down where the Sun goes down. And he went to see Juhwerta Mahkai, to the place where he lived with his people, those who sank thru the earth before the flood.And when Ee-ee-toy came to where Juhwerta Mahkai was, he said to him:—“There was an Older Brother, and his people were against him;And he had made an earth that was like your earth;And he had made mountains that were like your mountains;And he had made springs of water, like yours, that were satisfactory;And he made trees like yours, and everything that he made worked well.And they shot him till he bounced, four times on the open ground;And threw him with his face to the earth.And he lay there, dead, but when he came to life he used the strength of his right arm and rose up.But things were changed, and looked different from the old times.He examined the sticks, but none suited him;He eyed along the river, that green snake, which he had made, and found the sticks that pleased him.And he cut those arrow-weeds, he found there, into four pieces, and blew the smoke over them.And out of them came sparks of light, that almost reached the Opposite World, the World of the Enemy, where things are different.And when he saw the light from the sticks he smiled within himself;He was so pleased he had found the sticks that suited him.And he brought the Black Fog from the West, and stroked the sticks with it, and so finished them,And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Fog, and stroked the sticks with it, and finished them;And from the East he brought the Fog of Light, and stroked the sticks with it and finished them;And from Above brought the Green Fog, and put it in hiding, and there secretly stroked the sticks with it, and finished them;From the West he brought the Black Snake, which he had made, and bound the sticks together, and finished them.And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Snake, and bound the sticks together, and finished them;From the East he brought the Snake of Light, and bound the sticks together, and finished them;And from Above he brought the Green Snake, and bound them together and finished them.And then he rose up, and with the first step he stepped on the great doctors of the earth and sank them down;The next step he stepped on the Speaker, and sank him down;The next step he stepped on the Slayer, and sank him down;And the next step he stepped on the rushing young maid who gathers the fruit to feed the family, and sank her down.And then he sank down himself, and walked under the earth’s crust a little way, and then came out and found the Light’s Road, his own proper way, and walked in it.Where he found his springs of water, which he had made, with their green moss growing, and dipped his hand in them and moistened his heart;And every mountain he came to, which he had made, he entered and there he cooled his heart;And rested his hand on every tree he had made, and so freshened his heart;And came like a ghost to the place, the cliff, where he had killed the man-eagle, and sat there.And there was Someone there, whom he did not know, who asked him what he wanted, coming there like a ghost;Who said: ‘I told you that you would be against my people and the earth!’And from there he went to the East and strengthened himself four times;When he arrived at where the Sun arises;Where he came to the four notches which the Sun uses when he is rising.And where the Sun steps it is full of wind;And where the Sun puts his hands it is full of wind.In spite of that he climbed the way, the way in which the Sun rises.And he went Westward, stopping and taking his breath four times;Even at the fourth time, still going, still breathing westward.It was the west-bound road he followed, the road adorned with all beautiful fringes;Fringes of soft feathers, and large feathers; and flowers made from beautiful trees, and turquoises.And he went along this road, pulling all the fringes, and whenever he came to the doctors, tossing them up in the air.And there he came toNee-yaw-kee-tom Oas, The Talking Tree;And he came to it like a ghost, and fell down on his knees toward it;And the Tree asked him why he came like a ghost, and what he wanted:—‘I have told you that some day you would be the enemy to my people and to the earth.’There the Tree pulled off its bark and stuck it in his head, like split owl feathers;And it was its middle branch which it cut down in fine shape for a club and slipped under his belt;And it was a nut-gall from its limbs which it made into a canteen for him.And these two together it slipped under his belt.And it was the branch toward the ocean which it broke into four pieces, equally, and handed to him.And from thence he travelled on, on the Middle Road, and where there were beautiful fringes he examined them as he went along.And from the Middle Road he could see the road on either side, the Road of the Enemy.And it was among the fringes, where he was pulling the flowers made from sticks, that he reached the Speaker and tossed him, too.And there he reached the place where the Sun drinks.And tho the print of the Sun’s knee was full of wind, and the print of his hand full of wind,there he knelt and drank as the Sun drinks.And there, in the clear water, he found the Doctor’s stone, theDab-nam-hawteh, which is square, and there, under it, left the arrow-weeds.And he started on from thence and went to the Sunset Place.Going down as the Sun goes down, and slid down from there four times, to the home of Juhwerta Mahkai.When he sat down there a strong wind came from the West and carried him to the East and brought him back and sat him down again;And from Above a strong wind came and tossed him up toward the sky, and returned him back and sat him down again.And the Black Gopher, his pet from the West, was rolling over;And the Blue Gopher, his pet from the South, was rolling over;And the Gopher of Light, his pet from the East, was rolling over;And the Yellow Gopher, his pet from the North, was rolling over;Because of their trouble about him.”And Juwerta Mahkai picked up Ee-ee-toy like a baby, and held him in his arms, and swept the ground, and set him down upon it.And blew smoke over him, till he felt refreshed like a green tree.One kind of smoke was the ghost-smoke, which he blew over him;And the other kind was the smoke of the root calledbah-wiss-dhack.And there they built theO-numof Light:Which means the circle of those great ones around the fire.And thence they sent the Gray Owl, to go around the enemy and breathe over them.Who, when they heard him, were shaking with fear;A fear that pulled out their thoughts so that they knew nothing and were weak in arms and legs,And they could not remember their dreams, and their skins became like the skins of sick people;And their lice became many, and their hair became coarse, and their eyes became sore.And they chose the little Blue Owl and sent him to the enemy, and he breathed over them.And he was invisible because of his blue darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.And they selected a Green Road Runner, and sent him to breathe over them.And the people could not see him because of his green darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.And they selected the small Gray Night Hawk;And he blew a gray dust all thru the enemy’s houses and swept their ground.And their springs of water were left dry,chokedwith driftwood and covered with cobwebs.And theirkees, their houses, were full of soot, and their trails like old trails;And after that the fresh foot-tracks could be seen—And they went out and found the enemy by his fresh tracks and captured him, for he had no weapons.And from the sending out of the birds, even to the end, all this is a prophecy.Notes on Ee-ee-toy’s ResurrectionThe Story of Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection is perhaps the most poetic in the series, and the opening picture of him lying on the ground, lifeless, with the elements lamenting over him and the little children playing on him, might challenge the genius of a great artist.It is particularly rich in the mystical element also.I confess that I am not very confident of my rendering of those of the opening sentences of Ee-ee-toy’s speech between “And he had made an earth” and the statement “And they shot him,” etc. My Indians seemed to get hopelessly tangled over archaic words and other impediments here and not at all sure of what they told me. The rest I think is correct.Here we came to the mystic colors of the four quarters, North, South, East and West and of the zenith, the Above, which the Pimas reckoned evidently as a cardinal point. If their mystic power was derived from the cardinal points, might not their inclusion of the zenith make five also sometimes a mystic number? I think that it perhaps was.Brinton says that among the Mayas of Yucatan, East is Red, West is Black, North is White and South is Yellow.The Speaker: It was customary in the villages of the Awawtam for some individual, perhaps a chief, or a mahkai, or some representative of these, to mount on a kee, or other high place, and in a loud voice shout news, orders, advice, or other important matters to the people. This was the Speaker, a sort of town crier.To step on the rushing young maid who gathered the cactus fruit was a blow at the enemy’s subsistence.It seems to have been a custom among the mahkais to have pet animals to assist them in their magic.A circle of bushes, stood up in the earth, forming a screen for shelter or privacy, was called an onum. One or more may be found near almost any Pima hut.To work witchcraft on a foe, so that he be left weaponless and helpless, and off his guard against attack, seems to have been the favorite dream of whoso went to war. Treachery was idolized. There was no notion of a fair fight.Stories of mythical beings who, tho repeatedly killed, persist in coming to life again, are common among many Indian tribes.

The Story of the Turquoises and the Red BirdAnd at the vahahkkee which the white men now call the Casa Grande ruins was the home ofSeeollstchewadack Seeven, or the Morning green Chief.And one morning the young women at that place were playing and having a good time with the game of the knotted rope or balls, which is calledtoe-coll.And in this game the young girls are placed at each end, near the goals, and at this time, at the west end, one of the young girls gradually sank into the earth; and as she sank the earth around her became very green with grass.And Seeollstchewadack Seeven told the people not to disturb the green spot until the next morning; and the next morning the green spot was a green rock, and he told the people to dig around it, and as they dug they chipped off small pieces, and the people came and got what they wanted of these pieces of green stone. And they made ear-rings and ornaments from these green stones, which weretchew-dack-na-ha-gay-awhor turquoises.And after the turquoises were distributed, and the fame of this had spread, the chief of another people, who lived to the east, whose name wasDthas Seeven(Sun-Chief) thought he would do something wonderful, too, being envious, and he opened one of his veins and from the blood madea large, beautiful bird, colored red.And Dthas Seeven told his bird to go to the city of Seeollstchewadack Seeven and hang around there till that chief saw him and took him in. And when they offered him corn he was not to eat that nor anything else they gave him, but when he saw his chance he was to pick up a bit of the green stone and swallow it, for when it should be seen that he would swallow the green stones then he would be fed on turquoises.So the bird was sent, and when it arrived at the city of the turquoises, the daughter of Seeollstchewadack Seeven, whose name wasNawitch, saw it and went and told her father. And he asked, “What is the color of the bird?” and she answered, “Red;” and he said, “I know that bird. It is a very rare bird, and its being here is a sign something good is going to happen. I want you to get the bird and bring it here, but do not take hold of it. Offer it a stick, and it will take hold of it, with its bill, and you can lead it here.”And Nawitch offered the bird a stick, and it caught hold of the end by its bill, which was like a parrot’s bill, and she led it to her father.And Seeollstchewadack Seeven said: “Feed him on pumpkin seed, for that is what this kind of bird eats.”And Nawitch gave the bird pumpkin seed, but it would not eat. And then she tried melon seed, but it would not eat. And then she tried devil-clawseed, but it would not eat. And her father said, then: “Make him broth of corn, for this kind of bird eats only new dishes!” And she did so, but it would not eat the broth of corn.And the old man told her to try pumpkin seed again; and she tried the pumpkin seed again, and the melon seed again, and the devil-claw seed, and the broth of corn, but the bird would not touch any of these.But just then the bird saw a little piece of turquoise lying on the ground and it sprang and swallowed it. And the daughter saw this and told her father that the bird would eat turquoises. And her father said: “This kind of bird will not eat turquoises, but you may try him.” And she gave it some turquoises and it ate them greedily. And then her father said: “Go and get some nice, clean ones, a basket full.” And she did so, and the bird ate them all, and she kept on feeding it until it had swallowed four basketful.And then the bird began to run around, and the girl said: “I fear our pet will leave us and fly away” but the old man said: “He will not fly away. He likes us too well for that,” but after a short time the bird got to a little distance and took to its wings, and flew back to the city of Dthas Seeven.And Dthas Seeven gave it water twice, and each time it vomited, and thus it threw up all the turquoises.And so Dthas Seeven also had turquoises.Notes on the Story of the TurquoisesTurquoises seem to have been regarded by all Arizona Indians as magical and lucky stones, and the Story of theTurquoisesprofesses to give their origin.Of the game, toe-coll, here spoken of, Whittemore gives this account in Cook’s “Among the Pimas:” “One of the amusements of the women was that of tossing balls. They had two small ones, covered with buckskin, and tied about six inches apart. Young women and married, from thirty to seventy-five in a group, assembled as dressed for a ball, their hair carefully manipulated so as to be black and glossy. Each had a stick of willow six feet long. With these they dextrously tossed the balls high in the air, running after them until one party was so weary that they gave up the game from mere exhaustion.“In order to make the excitement a success they had certain active women, keen of wit and quick of action, practice weeks in advance.”Sometimes the balls were formed by two large knots in a short piece of rope.

The Story of the Turquoises and the Red Bird

And at the vahahkkee which the white men now call the Casa Grande ruins was the home ofSeeollstchewadack Seeven, or the Morning green Chief.And one morning the young women at that place were playing and having a good time with the game of the knotted rope or balls, which is calledtoe-coll.And in this game the young girls are placed at each end, near the goals, and at this time, at the west end, one of the young girls gradually sank into the earth; and as she sank the earth around her became very green with grass.And Seeollstchewadack Seeven told the people not to disturb the green spot until the next morning; and the next morning the green spot was a green rock, and he told the people to dig around it, and as they dug they chipped off small pieces, and the people came and got what they wanted of these pieces of green stone. And they made ear-rings and ornaments from these green stones, which weretchew-dack-na-ha-gay-awhor turquoises.And after the turquoises were distributed, and the fame of this had spread, the chief of another people, who lived to the east, whose name wasDthas Seeven(Sun-Chief) thought he would do something wonderful, too, being envious, and he opened one of his veins and from the blood madea large, beautiful bird, colored red.And Dthas Seeven told his bird to go to the city of Seeollstchewadack Seeven and hang around there till that chief saw him and took him in. And when they offered him corn he was not to eat that nor anything else they gave him, but when he saw his chance he was to pick up a bit of the green stone and swallow it, for when it should be seen that he would swallow the green stones then he would be fed on turquoises.So the bird was sent, and when it arrived at the city of the turquoises, the daughter of Seeollstchewadack Seeven, whose name wasNawitch, saw it and went and told her father. And he asked, “What is the color of the bird?” and she answered, “Red;” and he said, “I know that bird. It is a very rare bird, and its being here is a sign something good is going to happen. I want you to get the bird and bring it here, but do not take hold of it. Offer it a stick, and it will take hold of it, with its bill, and you can lead it here.”And Nawitch offered the bird a stick, and it caught hold of the end by its bill, which was like a parrot’s bill, and she led it to her father.And Seeollstchewadack Seeven said: “Feed him on pumpkin seed, for that is what this kind of bird eats.”And Nawitch gave the bird pumpkin seed, but it would not eat. And then she tried melon seed, but it would not eat. And then she tried devil-clawseed, but it would not eat. And her father said, then: “Make him broth of corn, for this kind of bird eats only new dishes!” And she did so, but it would not eat the broth of corn.And the old man told her to try pumpkin seed again; and she tried the pumpkin seed again, and the melon seed again, and the devil-claw seed, and the broth of corn, but the bird would not touch any of these.But just then the bird saw a little piece of turquoise lying on the ground and it sprang and swallowed it. And the daughter saw this and told her father that the bird would eat turquoises. And her father said: “This kind of bird will not eat turquoises, but you may try him.” And she gave it some turquoises and it ate them greedily. And then her father said: “Go and get some nice, clean ones, a basket full.” And she did so, and the bird ate them all, and she kept on feeding it until it had swallowed four basketful.And then the bird began to run around, and the girl said: “I fear our pet will leave us and fly away” but the old man said: “He will not fly away. He likes us too well for that,” but after a short time the bird got to a little distance and took to its wings, and flew back to the city of Dthas Seeven.And Dthas Seeven gave it water twice, and each time it vomited, and thus it threw up all the turquoises.And so Dthas Seeven also had turquoises.Notes on the Story of the TurquoisesTurquoises seem to have been regarded by all Arizona Indians as magical and lucky stones, and the Story of theTurquoisesprofesses to give their origin.Of the game, toe-coll, here spoken of, Whittemore gives this account in Cook’s “Among the Pimas:” “One of the amusements of the women was that of tossing balls. They had two small ones, covered with buckskin, and tied about six inches apart. Young women and married, from thirty to seventy-five in a group, assembled as dressed for a ball, their hair carefully manipulated so as to be black and glossy. Each had a stick of willow six feet long. With these they dextrously tossed the balls high in the air, running after them until one party was so weary that they gave up the game from mere exhaustion.“In order to make the excitement a success they had certain active women, keen of wit and quick of action, practice weeks in advance.”Sometimes the balls were formed by two large knots in a short piece of rope.

And at the vahahkkee which the white men now call the Casa Grande ruins was the home ofSeeollstchewadack Seeven, or the Morning green Chief.

And one morning the young women at that place were playing and having a good time with the game of the knotted rope or balls, which is calledtoe-coll.

And in this game the young girls are placed at each end, near the goals, and at this time, at the west end, one of the young girls gradually sank into the earth; and as she sank the earth around her became very green with grass.

And Seeollstchewadack Seeven told the people not to disturb the green spot until the next morning; and the next morning the green spot was a green rock, and he told the people to dig around it, and as they dug they chipped off small pieces, and the people came and got what they wanted of these pieces of green stone. And they made ear-rings and ornaments from these green stones, which weretchew-dack-na-ha-gay-awhor turquoises.

And after the turquoises were distributed, and the fame of this had spread, the chief of another people, who lived to the east, whose name wasDthas Seeven(Sun-Chief) thought he would do something wonderful, too, being envious, and he opened one of his veins and from the blood madea large, beautiful bird, colored red.

And Dthas Seeven told his bird to go to the city of Seeollstchewadack Seeven and hang around there till that chief saw him and took him in. And when they offered him corn he was not to eat that nor anything else they gave him, but when he saw his chance he was to pick up a bit of the green stone and swallow it, for when it should be seen that he would swallow the green stones then he would be fed on turquoises.

So the bird was sent, and when it arrived at the city of the turquoises, the daughter of Seeollstchewadack Seeven, whose name wasNawitch, saw it and went and told her father. And he asked, “What is the color of the bird?” and she answered, “Red;” and he said, “I know that bird. It is a very rare bird, and its being here is a sign something good is going to happen. I want you to get the bird and bring it here, but do not take hold of it. Offer it a stick, and it will take hold of it, with its bill, and you can lead it here.”

And Nawitch offered the bird a stick, and it caught hold of the end by its bill, which was like a parrot’s bill, and she led it to her father.

And Seeollstchewadack Seeven said: “Feed him on pumpkin seed, for that is what this kind of bird eats.”

And Nawitch gave the bird pumpkin seed, but it would not eat. And then she tried melon seed, but it would not eat. And then she tried devil-clawseed, but it would not eat. And her father said, then: “Make him broth of corn, for this kind of bird eats only new dishes!” And she did so, but it would not eat the broth of corn.

And the old man told her to try pumpkin seed again; and she tried the pumpkin seed again, and the melon seed again, and the devil-claw seed, and the broth of corn, but the bird would not touch any of these.

But just then the bird saw a little piece of turquoise lying on the ground and it sprang and swallowed it. And the daughter saw this and told her father that the bird would eat turquoises. And her father said: “This kind of bird will not eat turquoises, but you may try him.” And she gave it some turquoises and it ate them greedily. And then her father said: “Go and get some nice, clean ones, a basket full.” And she did so, and the bird ate them all, and she kept on feeding it until it had swallowed four basketful.

And then the bird began to run around, and the girl said: “I fear our pet will leave us and fly away” but the old man said: “He will not fly away. He likes us too well for that,” but after a short time the bird got to a little distance and took to its wings, and flew back to the city of Dthas Seeven.

And Dthas Seeven gave it water twice, and each time it vomited, and thus it threw up all the turquoises.

And so Dthas Seeven also had turquoises.

Notes on the Story of the TurquoisesTurquoises seem to have been regarded by all Arizona Indians as magical and lucky stones, and the Story of theTurquoisesprofesses to give their origin.Of the game, toe-coll, here spoken of, Whittemore gives this account in Cook’s “Among the Pimas:” “One of the amusements of the women was that of tossing balls. They had two small ones, covered with buckskin, and tied about six inches apart. Young women and married, from thirty to seventy-five in a group, assembled as dressed for a ball, their hair carefully manipulated so as to be black and glossy. Each had a stick of willow six feet long. With these they dextrously tossed the balls high in the air, running after them until one party was so weary that they gave up the game from mere exhaustion.“In order to make the excitement a success they had certain active women, keen of wit and quick of action, practice weeks in advance.”Sometimes the balls were formed by two large knots in a short piece of rope.

Notes on the Story of the Turquoises

Turquoises seem to have been regarded by all Arizona Indians as magical and lucky stones, and the Story of theTurquoisesprofesses to give their origin.Of the game, toe-coll, here spoken of, Whittemore gives this account in Cook’s “Among the Pimas:” “One of the amusements of the women was that of tossing balls. They had two small ones, covered with buckskin, and tied about six inches apart. Young women and married, from thirty to seventy-five in a group, assembled as dressed for a ball, their hair carefully manipulated so as to be black and glossy. Each had a stick of willow six feet long. With these they dextrously tossed the balls high in the air, running after them until one party was so weary that they gave up the game from mere exhaustion.“In order to make the excitement a success they had certain active women, keen of wit and quick of action, practice weeks in advance.”Sometimes the balls were formed by two large knots in a short piece of rope.

Turquoises seem to have been regarded by all Arizona Indians as magical and lucky stones, and the Story of theTurquoisesprofesses to give their origin.

Of the game, toe-coll, here spoken of, Whittemore gives this account in Cook’s “Among the Pimas:” “One of the amusements of the women was that of tossing balls. They had two small ones, covered with buckskin, and tied about six inches apart. Young women and married, from thirty to seventy-five in a group, assembled as dressed for a ball, their hair carefully manipulated so as to be black and glossy. Each had a stick of willow six feet long. With these they dextrously tossed the balls high in the air, running after them until one party was so weary that they gave up the game from mere exhaustion.

“In order to make the excitement a success they had certain active women, keen of wit and quick of action, practice weeks in advance.”

Sometimes the balls were formed by two large knots in a short piece of rope.

The Story of Wayhohm, Toehahvs and TottaiAnd Seeollstchewadack Seeven wondered what this action of the bird meant, and he studied about it till he found out who it was that had sent the bird and for what purpose.And he sent a cold rain upon the home of Dthas Seeven. And it rained a heavy rain for three days and three nights, so hard that it put out all the fires in the city of Dthas Seeven, and Dthas Seeven was dying with cold.And the people came about him to witness his dying, and they said: “Let us send some one to get the fire!” And they sent Toehahvs.And Toehahvs went, and at last came to a house where he heard the fire roaring within. And he looked in, and there was a big fire. And he sat in the doorway holding out his paws toward the heat.And the owner of the house, whose name wasWay-hohm, or the Lightning, sat working within with his face to the fire and his back to Toehahvs. And Toehahvs wanted to dash in and steal some fire, but he did not dare, and he went back and told the people he had seen the fire but he could not get it.On the fourth day it was still raining, and they sent another person. And this time they sentTot-tai, or the Road Runner, for they said he could run almost as fast as Toehahvs.And Tottai came to the same house, and heard the fire, and peeped in the door to warm himself. And there sat the owner of the fire, Wayhohm, working with his face to the fire and his back to Tottai. And Tottai dashed in and caught hold of a stick with fire at one end and ran out with it.And Wayhohm caught up his bow, the Bow-of-the-Lightning,Way-hohm-a-Gaht, and fired at Road Runner, and struck him on the side of his head, and that is why the side of Tottai’s head is still bare; and Tottai ran on, and Wayhohm shot at him again and struck the other side of his head.And Tottai whirled around then so that the sparks flew every way, and got into all kinds of wood, and that is why there is fire in all kinds of sticks even now, and the Indian can get it out by rubbing them together to this day.But Tottai kept on, and got to the house of Dthas Seeven all right, and they made a fire, and Dthas Seeven got better again.Notes on the Story of WayhohmThere is a suggestion of Thor in the Story of Wayhohm, and also of Prometheus. Wayhohm’s house must have been the hall of the clouds.How true to nature, here, is the touch describing the Coyote-person, Toehahvs. Theexcessivecaution of the coyote, making it impossible for him, however eager, to force himself into any position he suspects, here stands out before us, contrasted in the most dramatic way with the dashing boldness of the road-runner.When we reached the end of this story Comalk Hawk-Kih took two pieces of wood to rub them together to make fire. But he was old and breathless, and “Sparkling-Soft-Feather,” the mother of my interpreter, took them and made the fire for me. I have the implements yet.There were two parts to the apparatus. Gee-uh-toe-dah, the socket stick was of a soft dry piece of giant cactus rib, and a notch was whittled in one side of this with a small socket at the apex, that is on the upper side.This was placed flat on the ground, with a bit of corn husk under the notch, and held firmly in position by the bare feet. The twirling stick, eev-a-dah-kote, was a hard arrow weed, very dry and scraped smooth. The end of this was engaged in the little socket, at the top of the cactus rib, and then, held perpendicularly, was twirled between the two hands till the friction rubbed off a powder which crowded out of the socket, and fell down the notch at its side to the corn-husk. This little increasing pile of powder was the tinder, and, as the twirling continued, grew black, smelled like burned wood, smoked and finally glowed like punk. It was now picked up on the corn husk and placed in dry horse dung, a bunch of dry grass, or some such inflammable material, and blown into flame.It looked very simple, and took little time, but I never could do it.

The Story of Wayhohm, Toehahvs and Tottai

And Seeollstchewadack Seeven wondered what this action of the bird meant, and he studied about it till he found out who it was that had sent the bird and for what purpose.And he sent a cold rain upon the home of Dthas Seeven. And it rained a heavy rain for three days and three nights, so hard that it put out all the fires in the city of Dthas Seeven, and Dthas Seeven was dying with cold.And the people came about him to witness his dying, and they said: “Let us send some one to get the fire!” And they sent Toehahvs.And Toehahvs went, and at last came to a house where he heard the fire roaring within. And he looked in, and there was a big fire. And he sat in the doorway holding out his paws toward the heat.And the owner of the house, whose name wasWay-hohm, or the Lightning, sat working within with his face to the fire and his back to Toehahvs. And Toehahvs wanted to dash in and steal some fire, but he did not dare, and he went back and told the people he had seen the fire but he could not get it.On the fourth day it was still raining, and they sent another person. And this time they sentTot-tai, or the Road Runner, for they said he could run almost as fast as Toehahvs.And Tottai came to the same house, and heard the fire, and peeped in the door to warm himself. And there sat the owner of the fire, Wayhohm, working with his face to the fire and his back to Tottai. And Tottai dashed in and caught hold of a stick with fire at one end and ran out with it.And Wayhohm caught up his bow, the Bow-of-the-Lightning,Way-hohm-a-Gaht, and fired at Road Runner, and struck him on the side of his head, and that is why the side of Tottai’s head is still bare; and Tottai ran on, and Wayhohm shot at him again and struck the other side of his head.And Tottai whirled around then so that the sparks flew every way, and got into all kinds of wood, and that is why there is fire in all kinds of sticks even now, and the Indian can get it out by rubbing them together to this day.But Tottai kept on, and got to the house of Dthas Seeven all right, and they made a fire, and Dthas Seeven got better again.Notes on the Story of WayhohmThere is a suggestion of Thor in the Story of Wayhohm, and also of Prometheus. Wayhohm’s house must have been the hall of the clouds.How true to nature, here, is the touch describing the Coyote-person, Toehahvs. Theexcessivecaution of the coyote, making it impossible for him, however eager, to force himself into any position he suspects, here stands out before us, contrasted in the most dramatic way with the dashing boldness of the road-runner.When we reached the end of this story Comalk Hawk-Kih took two pieces of wood to rub them together to make fire. But he was old and breathless, and “Sparkling-Soft-Feather,” the mother of my interpreter, took them and made the fire for me. I have the implements yet.There were two parts to the apparatus. Gee-uh-toe-dah, the socket stick was of a soft dry piece of giant cactus rib, and a notch was whittled in one side of this with a small socket at the apex, that is on the upper side.This was placed flat on the ground, with a bit of corn husk under the notch, and held firmly in position by the bare feet. The twirling stick, eev-a-dah-kote, was a hard arrow weed, very dry and scraped smooth. The end of this was engaged in the little socket, at the top of the cactus rib, and then, held perpendicularly, was twirled between the two hands till the friction rubbed off a powder which crowded out of the socket, and fell down the notch at its side to the corn-husk. This little increasing pile of powder was the tinder, and, as the twirling continued, grew black, smelled like burned wood, smoked and finally glowed like punk. It was now picked up on the corn husk and placed in dry horse dung, a bunch of dry grass, or some such inflammable material, and blown into flame.It looked very simple, and took little time, but I never could do it.

And Seeollstchewadack Seeven wondered what this action of the bird meant, and he studied about it till he found out who it was that had sent the bird and for what purpose.

And he sent a cold rain upon the home of Dthas Seeven. And it rained a heavy rain for three days and three nights, so hard that it put out all the fires in the city of Dthas Seeven, and Dthas Seeven was dying with cold.

And the people came about him to witness his dying, and they said: “Let us send some one to get the fire!” And they sent Toehahvs.

And Toehahvs went, and at last came to a house where he heard the fire roaring within. And he looked in, and there was a big fire. And he sat in the doorway holding out his paws toward the heat.

And the owner of the house, whose name wasWay-hohm, or the Lightning, sat working within with his face to the fire and his back to Toehahvs. And Toehahvs wanted to dash in and steal some fire, but he did not dare, and he went back and told the people he had seen the fire but he could not get it.

On the fourth day it was still raining, and they sent another person. And this time they sentTot-tai, or the Road Runner, for they said he could run almost as fast as Toehahvs.

And Tottai came to the same house, and heard the fire, and peeped in the door to warm himself. And there sat the owner of the fire, Wayhohm, working with his face to the fire and his back to Tottai. And Tottai dashed in and caught hold of a stick with fire at one end and ran out with it.

And Wayhohm caught up his bow, the Bow-of-the-Lightning,Way-hohm-a-Gaht, and fired at Road Runner, and struck him on the side of his head, and that is why the side of Tottai’s head is still bare; and Tottai ran on, and Wayhohm shot at him again and struck the other side of his head.

And Tottai whirled around then so that the sparks flew every way, and got into all kinds of wood, and that is why there is fire in all kinds of sticks even now, and the Indian can get it out by rubbing them together to this day.

But Tottai kept on, and got to the house of Dthas Seeven all right, and they made a fire, and Dthas Seeven got better again.

Notes on the Story of WayhohmThere is a suggestion of Thor in the Story of Wayhohm, and also of Prometheus. Wayhohm’s house must have been the hall of the clouds.How true to nature, here, is the touch describing the Coyote-person, Toehahvs. Theexcessivecaution of the coyote, making it impossible for him, however eager, to force himself into any position he suspects, here stands out before us, contrasted in the most dramatic way with the dashing boldness of the road-runner.When we reached the end of this story Comalk Hawk-Kih took two pieces of wood to rub them together to make fire. But he was old and breathless, and “Sparkling-Soft-Feather,” the mother of my interpreter, took them and made the fire for me. I have the implements yet.There were two parts to the apparatus. Gee-uh-toe-dah, the socket stick was of a soft dry piece of giant cactus rib, and a notch was whittled in one side of this with a small socket at the apex, that is on the upper side.This was placed flat on the ground, with a bit of corn husk under the notch, and held firmly in position by the bare feet. The twirling stick, eev-a-dah-kote, was a hard arrow weed, very dry and scraped smooth. The end of this was engaged in the little socket, at the top of the cactus rib, and then, held perpendicularly, was twirled between the two hands till the friction rubbed off a powder which crowded out of the socket, and fell down the notch at its side to the corn-husk. This little increasing pile of powder was the tinder, and, as the twirling continued, grew black, smelled like burned wood, smoked and finally glowed like punk. It was now picked up on the corn husk and placed in dry horse dung, a bunch of dry grass, or some such inflammable material, and blown into flame.It looked very simple, and took little time, but I never could do it.

Notes on the Story of Wayhohm

There is a suggestion of Thor in the Story of Wayhohm, and also of Prometheus. Wayhohm’s house must have been the hall of the clouds.How true to nature, here, is the touch describing the Coyote-person, Toehahvs. Theexcessivecaution of the coyote, making it impossible for him, however eager, to force himself into any position he suspects, here stands out before us, contrasted in the most dramatic way with the dashing boldness of the road-runner.When we reached the end of this story Comalk Hawk-Kih took two pieces of wood to rub them together to make fire. But he was old and breathless, and “Sparkling-Soft-Feather,” the mother of my interpreter, took them and made the fire for me. I have the implements yet.There were two parts to the apparatus. Gee-uh-toe-dah, the socket stick was of a soft dry piece of giant cactus rib, and a notch was whittled in one side of this with a small socket at the apex, that is on the upper side.This was placed flat on the ground, with a bit of corn husk under the notch, and held firmly in position by the bare feet. The twirling stick, eev-a-dah-kote, was a hard arrow weed, very dry and scraped smooth. The end of this was engaged in the little socket, at the top of the cactus rib, and then, held perpendicularly, was twirled between the two hands till the friction rubbed off a powder which crowded out of the socket, and fell down the notch at its side to the corn-husk. This little increasing pile of powder was the tinder, and, as the twirling continued, grew black, smelled like burned wood, smoked and finally glowed like punk. It was now picked up on the corn husk and placed in dry horse dung, a bunch of dry grass, or some such inflammable material, and blown into flame.It looked very simple, and took little time, but I never could do it.

There is a suggestion of Thor in the Story of Wayhohm, and also of Prometheus. Wayhohm’s house must have been the hall of the clouds.

How true to nature, here, is the touch describing the Coyote-person, Toehahvs. Theexcessivecaution of the coyote, making it impossible for him, however eager, to force himself into any position he suspects, here stands out before us, contrasted in the most dramatic way with the dashing boldness of the road-runner.

When we reached the end of this story Comalk Hawk-Kih took two pieces of wood to rub them together to make fire. But he was old and breathless, and “Sparkling-Soft-Feather,” the mother of my interpreter, took them and made the fire for me. I have the implements yet.

There were two parts to the apparatus. Gee-uh-toe-dah, the socket stick was of a soft dry piece of giant cactus rib, and a notch was whittled in one side of this with a small socket at the apex, that is on the upper side.

This was placed flat on the ground, with a bit of corn husk under the notch, and held firmly in position by the bare feet. The twirling stick, eev-a-dah-kote, was a hard arrow weed, very dry and scraped smooth. The end of this was engaged in the little socket, at the top of the cactus rib, and then, held perpendicularly, was twirled between the two hands till the friction rubbed off a powder which crowded out of the socket, and fell down the notch at its side to the corn-husk. This little increasing pile of powder was the tinder, and, as the twirling continued, grew black, smelled like burned wood, smoked and finally glowed like punk. It was now picked up on the corn husk and placed in dry horse dung, a bunch of dry grass, or some such inflammable material, and blown into flame.

It looked very simple, and took little time, but I never could do it.

The Story of HawawkAnd when Dthas Seeven had gotten better he meditated on what had happenedtohim, and studied out that Seeollstchewadack-Seeven was the cause of his trouble, and planned how to get the better of him.Now the Indians have a game of football in which the ball is not kicked but lifted and thrown a good ways by the foot, and Dthas Seeven made such a ball, and sent a young man to play it in the direction of the city of Seeollstchewadack-Seeven. And the young man did so, and as he kept the ball going on it came to the feet of a young girl, who, when she saw the ball, picked it up and hid it under the square of cloth which Indian girls wear.And the young man came up and asked her if she had seen the ball, and she answered no, she had not seen it, and she kept on denying it, so at last he turned back and said he might as well go home as he no longer had a ball to play with. But he had not gone far before the girl called to him: “Are you not coming back to get your ball?” And he went back to her, and she tried to find the ball, but could not.But the ball was not lost, but it had bewitched her.And after a time this girl had a baby, a tall baby, with claws on its hands and feet like a wild animal.And the people did not know what this meant,and they asked Toehahvs, and Toehahvs knew because this had been prophesied of old time. And Toehahvs said: “She isHaw-awk.”And Hawawk grew and became able to crawl, but people were afraid of handling her because of the scratching of her claws. Only her relatives could safely handle her. And as she grew older, still, she would sometimes see other children and wish to play with them, but in a short time they would get scratched by her in her gambols and would run home crying and leave her alone. And it got so that when the children saw her coming they would tell each other and run home and she could get none of them to play with her.She claimed Ee-ee-toy as her uncle, and when he had been rabbit-hunting and came in with game she would run and call him “uncle!” and try and get the rabbits away from him; and when he cleaned the rabbits and threw away the entrails she would run and devour them, and the bones of the rabbits the people threw away after the feasts she would eat, too.And when Hawawk grew older she would sometimes complain to Ee-ee-toy if he came in without game. “Why is it you sometimes come in without rabbits?” she would say, “And why do you not kill a great many?” And he would reply: “It is not possible to kill a great many, for they run very fast and are very hard to shoot with a bow and arrow.” “Let me go with you,” she would say, “and I will kill a great many.”But he would tell her: “You are a girl, and it is not your place to go hunting. If you were a boy it would be, but as it is you cannot go.”And she kept on begging in this way, and he kept on refusing, she saying that she could kill a great many, and he saying that only a man or a boy could shoot many rabbits, because they ran so fast.But as she grew older still she began to follow the hunters, and when the hunting began she would be in the crowd, but she tried to keep out of her uncle’s way so that he would not see her. And sometimes when she would thus be following the hunt a rabbit would run in her direction, and she would run fast and jump on it and kill it, and eat it right there; and after a while she could do this oftener and caught a good many; and she would eat all she wanted as she caught them, and the others she gave to her uncle, Ee-ee-toy, to carry home. And Ee-ee-toy came to like to have her with him because of the game she could get. But after a time she did not come home anymore, but staid out in the bushes, living on the game she could get. But when the hunters came out, she would still join them and after killing and eating all she wanted she would give the rest of her kill to her uncle, as before.And so she contrived to live in the wild places, like a wild-cat, and in time became able to kill deer, antelopes, and all big game, and yet being part human she would tan buckskin like a womanand do all that a woman needs to do.And she found a cave in the mountain which is calledTaht-kum, where she lived, and that cave can be seen now and is still called Hawawk’s Cave.But she had been born near where the ruins of Casa Grande now are and claimed that vahahkkee for her own. And when she knew a baby had been born there she would go to the mother and say, “I want to see my grandchild.” But if the mother let her take the baby she would put it over her shoulder, into her gyih-haw, and run to her cave, and put the baby into a mortar, and pound it up and eat it. And she got all the babies she could in this way; and later on she grew bolder and would find the larger children, wheretheywere at play, and would carry them off to eat them. And now she let all the rabbits and such game go, and lived only on the children she caught, for a long time.And Ee-ee-toy told the people what to do in this great trouble. He told them to roast a big lot of pumpkin seeds and to go into their houses and keep still. And when the people had roasted the pumpkin seeds and gone into their houses, Ee-ee-toy came around and stopped up the door of every house with bushes, and plastered clay over the bushes as the Awawtam still do when they go away from home.After a time Hawawk came around, and stood near the houses, and listened, and heard the people cracking the pumpkin seeds inside.And she said: “Where are all my grandchildren? They must have been gone for a long time, for I do not see any tracks, nor hear any voices, and I hear only the rats eating the seeds in the empty houses.”And she came several times and saw no one, and really believed the people had gone entirely away. And for a while she did not come any more, but after a time she was one day running by the village and she saw some children playing. And she caught two and ran with them to her cave. And from that day she went on stealing children as before.And Ee-ee-toy made him a rattle, out of a wild gourd, and went and lay on the trail on which Hawawk usually came, and changed himself into the little animal called “Kaw-awts.” And when Hawawk came along she poked him with a stick of her gyih-haw and said:“Here is a little kaw-awts. He must be my pet.” And then Ee-ee-toy jumped up and shook his rattle at her, and frightened her so that she ran home. And then Ee-ee-toy made rattles for all the children in that place and when they saw Hawawk coming they would shake their rattles at her and scare her back again.But after a while Hawawk became used to the rattles and ceased to fear them, and even while they were shaking she would run and carry some of the children off.And one day two little boys were hunting dovesafter the manner of the country. They had a little kee of willows, and a hole inside in the sand where they sat, and outside a stick stuck up for the doves to light on. And when the doves came they would shoot them with their bows and arrows. And while they were doing this they saw Hawawk coming. And they said:“What shall we do! Hawawk is coming and will eat us up.”And they lay down in the hole in the sand and covered themselves with the dove’s feathers. And Hawawk came and said: “Where are my grandchildren! Some of them have been here very lately.” And she went all around and looked for their tracks, but could find none leading away from the place. And she came back again to the kee, and while she was looking in a wind came and swept away all the dove-feathers, and she sprang in and caught up the two boys and put them in her gyih-haw and started off.And as she went along the boys said: “Grandmother, we like flat stones to play with.Won’tyou give us all the flat stones you can find?” And Hawawk picked up all the flat stones she came to and put them one by one over hershoulderinto the basket.And the boys said, again, after the basketbeganto get heavy, “Grandmother, we like to go under limbs of trees. Go under all the low limbs of trees you can to please us.” And Hawawk went under a low tree, and one of the boys caught hold of the limb and hung there tillshe had gone on. And Hawawk went under another tree, and the other boycaughthold of a limb and staid there. But because of the flat stones she kept putting into her gyih-haw Hawawk did not notice this. And when she got to her cave and emptied her basket there were no boys there.And when Hawawk saw this she turned back and found the tracks of the boys, and ran, following after them, and caught up with them just before they got to their village. And she would have caught them there, and carried them off again, but the boys had gathered some of the fine thorns of a cactus, and when Hawawk came near they held them up and let them blow with the wind into her face.And they stuck in her eyes, and hurt them, and she began to rub her eyes, which made them hurt worse so that she could not see them, and then the boys ran home and thus saved their lives.After that she went to another place calledVahf-kee-wohlt-kih, or the Notched Cliffs, and staid around there and ate the children, and then she moved to another place, the old name of which is now forgotten, but it is called, now,Stchew-a-dack Vah-veeuh, or the Green Well. And there, too, she killed the children.And the people called on Ee-ee-toy to help them, and Ee-ee-toy said, “I will kill her at once!”And Ee-ee-toy, being her relative, went to her home and said: “Your grandchildren want someamusement and are going to have dances now every night and would like you to come.”And she replied: “You know very well I do not care for such things. I do not care to come.”And Ee-ee-toy returned and told the people she did not care to come to their dances, tho he had invited her, but he would think of some other way to get her to come where they were, that they might kill her.And he went a second time, and told her the people were going to sing theHwah-guff-san-nuh-kotch Nyuee, or Basket Drumming Song, and wanted her to come. But she said: “I have heard of that song, but I do not care to hear it. I care nothing for such things, and I will not come.”So Ee-ee-toy returned and told of his second failure, but promised he would try again. And in the morning he went to her and said: “Yourgrandchildrenare going to sing the songHaw-hawf-kuh Nyueeor Dance of the Bone-trimmed Dresses Song and they want you to come.” But she said: “I do not care for this song, either, and I will not come.”And Ee-ee-toy told of his third failure, but promised the people he would try once more,and when the morning came he went to Hawawk and said: “Your grandchildren are going to dance tonight to the song which is calledSee-coll-cod-dha-kotch Nyuee,” (which is a sort of ring dance with the dancers in a circle with joinedhands) “and they want you to come.”And she said: “That is what I like. I will come to that. When is it going to be?”And he said: “It will be this very night.”And he went and told the people she was coming and they must be ready for her.Hawawk got ready in the early evening and dressed herself in a skirt of soft buckskin. And over this she placed an overskirt of deerskin, fringed with long cut fringes with deer-hoofs at the ends to rattle. And then she ran to the dancing place; and the people could hear her a long way off, rattling, as she came. And they were already dancing when she arrived there, and she went and joined hands with Ee-ee-toy.And Hawawk was a great smoker, and Ee-ee-toy made cigarettes for her that had something in them that would make folks sleep. And he smoked these himself, a little, to assure her, but cautiously and moderately, not inhaling the smoke, but she inhaled the smoke, and before the four nights were up she was so sleepy that the people were dragging her around as they danced, and then she got so fast asleep that Ee-ee-toy carried her on his shoulder.And all the time they were dancing they were moving across country, and getting nearer the cave where she lived, and other people at the same time were ahead of them carrying lots of wood to her cave. And when they arrived at her cave in the mountain of Tahtkum they laid hersleeping body down inside, and placed the wood in the cave between her and the door, filling it all to the entrance, which they closed with four hurdles, such as the people fasten their doors with, so that she could not run out.And then they set the wood on fire, and it burned fiercely, and when the fire reached Hawawk she waked and cried out. “My grandchildren, what have I done that you should treat me this way!”And the fire hurt her so that she jumped up and down with pain, and her head struck the ceiling of the cave and split the rock. And when the people saw it they called to Ee-ee-toy, and he went and put his foot over the crack, and sealed it up, and you may see the track of his foot there to this day.But Ee-ee-toy was not quick enough, and her soul escaped through the crack.And then for a while the people had peace, but in time her soul turned into a green hawk, and this hawk killed the people, but did not eat them.And this made the people great trouble, but one day a woman was making pottery and she had just taken one pot out of the fire and left another one in the furnace, on its side, when this hawk saw her and came swooping down from high in the air to kill her, but missed her, and went into the hot pot in the fire, and so was burned up and destroyed.And one day they boiled greens in that pot,the greens calledchoo-hook-yuh, and the greens boiled so hard that they boiled over, and splashed around and killed people. And they boiled all day and stopped at night, and at daybreak began again to boil, and this they did for a long time; boiling by day and stopping at night.And the people sent for Toehahvs who lived in the east, andGee-ah-duk Seeven, or Strong Bow Chief, who lived where is now the ruin ofAw-awt-kum Vah-ahk-kee, to kill the pot for them.And when they arrived Geeahduk Seeven enquired if the pot slept. And the people said:“Yes, it sleeps all night.” Then said Geeahduk Seeven, “We will get up very early, before the pot wakes, and then we will kill it.”But Toehahvs said; “That is not right, to go and kill it at night. I am not like a jealous woman who goes and fights her rival in the darkness. I am not a woman, I am a man!”And Toehahvs said to Geeahduk Seeven: “I will go in the morning to attack the pot and I want you to go on the other side, and if the pot throws its fluid at me, so that I cannot conquer it, then do you run up on the other side and smash it.”Then Toehahvs took his shield and his club, in the morning, and went to attack the pot. But the pot saw him, and, altho he held up his shield, it boiled over, and threw the boiling choohookyuh so high and far that some of it fell on Toehahvs’ back and scalded it. And Toehahvs had to give back a little. But at that momentGeeahduk Seeven ran in on the other side and smashed the pot.And there was an old man with an orphan grandson, living near there, and when the pot was smashed these came to the spot and ate up the choohookyuh. And at once they were turned into bears, the old man into a black bear, the boy into a brown bear.And these bears also killed people, and tho the people tried to kill them, for a long time they could not do so. When they shot arrows at the bears, the bears would catch them and break them up. And so the people had to study out other ways to get the better of them. There is a kind of palm-tree, calledo-nook, which has balls where the branches come out, and the people burned the trees to get these balls, and threw them at the bears. And the bears caught the balls, and fought and wrestled with them, and while their attention was taken by these balls the people shot arrows at them and killed them.And thus ended forever the evil power of Hawawk.Notes on the Story of HawawkThe Story of Hawawk opens with an interesting reference to the favorite Pima game of football. The ball was about two and one half inches in diameter, merely a heavy pebble coated thick with black greasewood gum. Sometimes it was decorated with little inlays of shell. It was thrown by the lifting of the naked or sandaled foot, rather than kicked. Astonishing tales are told of the running power and endurance of the older Indians. White and red men agree in the testimony.Emory says of the Maricopa interpreter, Thirsty Hawk, before alluded to, that he came running into their camp on foot and “appearedto keep pace with the fleetest horse.” Whittemore, the missionary, says: “Some young women could travel from forty to fifty miles in sixteen hours, and there were warriors who ran twenty miles, keeping a horse on a canter following them.” G. W. Mardis, the trader at Phoenix, told me he had known Indians to run all day, and my interpreter told me of Pimas running forty to seventy miles in a day, hunting horses on the mountains. Others ran races with horses and with a little handicap and for moderate distance often beat them. On these long runs after horses the men took theirfootballsand kept them going, saying it made the journey amusing and less tiresome. And undoubtedly it was, in the practice of this sport, that their powers were developed. Beside the usual foot-races, in which all Indians delight, it often happened that two champions would, on a set day, start in different directions and chase their footballs far out on the desert, perhaps ten miles and then return. The one who came in first was winner. The whole tribe, in two parties, on horseback as far as they could get mounts, followed the champions, as judges, assistants, critics and friends and there was profuse betting and picturesque excitement and display.But the fine old athletic games seem to have all died out now.Stories of miraculous conception are not uncommon in Indian tradition, and this story of the bewitching of the young girl into motherhood thru the agency of the football is an instance.This gruesome and graphic tale is full of insight into Indian thought and fancy. In reading it we are reminded of many familiar old nursery tales of kidnapped child, pig or fowl (“the little red hin” of Irish legend for instance) and of Were-Wolf and Loup-Garou.And here reappears the old myth of some god’s or hero’s footstep printed in solid rock.Here is a hint, too, of transmigration in the various adventures of the soul of Hawawk.My Indian hosts cooked me a pot of choohookyuh greens, and I found them very palatable.The reference to the pottery making reminds me of Pima arts. Today the Maricopas have almost a monopoly of pottery making, tho the Quohatas make some good pottery too. It is shaped by the hands (no potters wheel being known) and smoothed and polished by stones, painted red with a mineral and black with mezquite gum and baked in a common fire. It is often very artistic in a rude way, in form and decoration.The Papagoes do most of the horse-hair work, chiefly bridles, halters and lariat ropes, and make mats and fans from rushes.The Pimas make the famous black and white, watertight baskets, which are too well known to need description. The black in these is shreds of the dead-black seed pod of the devil-claw and not some fibre dyed black, as some suppose.There seems to have been no original bead work among Pima Indians.

The Story of Hawawk

And when Dthas Seeven had gotten better he meditated on what had happenedtohim, and studied out that Seeollstchewadack-Seeven was the cause of his trouble, and planned how to get the better of him.Now the Indians have a game of football in which the ball is not kicked but lifted and thrown a good ways by the foot, and Dthas Seeven made such a ball, and sent a young man to play it in the direction of the city of Seeollstchewadack-Seeven. And the young man did so, and as he kept the ball going on it came to the feet of a young girl, who, when she saw the ball, picked it up and hid it under the square of cloth which Indian girls wear.And the young man came up and asked her if she had seen the ball, and she answered no, she had not seen it, and she kept on denying it, so at last he turned back and said he might as well go home as he no longer had a ball to play with. But he had not gone far before the girl called to him: “Are you not coming back to get your ball?” And he went back to her, and she tried to find the ball, but could not.But the ball was not lost, but it had bewitched her.And after a time this girl had a baby, a tall baby, with claws on its hands and feet like a wild animal.And the people did not know what this meant,and they asked Toehahvs, and Toehahvs knew because this had been prophesied of old time. And Toehahvs said: “She isHaw-awk.”And Hawawk grew and became able to crawl, but people were afraid of handling her because of the scratching of her claws. Only her relatives could safely handle her. And as she grew older, still, she would sometimes see other children and wish to play with them, but in a short time they would get scratched by her in her gambols and would run home crying and leave her alone. And it got so that when the children saw her coming they would tell each other and run home and she could get none of them to play with her.She claimed Ee-ee-toy as her uncle, and when he had been rabbit-hunting and came in with game she would run and call him “uncle!” and try and get the rabbits away from him; and when he cleaned the rabbits and threw away the entrails she would run and devour them, and the bones of the rabbits the people threw away after the feasts she would eat, too.And when Hawawk grew older she would sometimes complain to Ee-ee-toy if he came in without game. “Why is it you sometimes come in without rabbits?” she would say, “And why do you not kill a great many?” And he would reply: “It is not possible to kill a great many, for they run very fast and are very hard to shoot with a bow and arrow.” “Let me go with you,” she would say, “and I will kill a great many.”But he would tell her: “You are a girl, and it is not your place to go hunting. If you were a boy it would be, but as it is you cannot go.”And she kept on begging in this way, and he kept on refusing, she saying that she could kill a great many, and he saying that only a man or a boy could shoot many rabbits, because they ran so fast.But as she grew older still she began to follow the hunters, and when the hunting began she would be in the crowd, but she tried to keep out of her uncle’s way so that he would not see her. And sometimes when she would thus be following the hunt a rabbit would run in her direction, and she would run fast and jump on it and kill it, and eat it right there; and after a while she could do this oftener and caught a good many; and she would eat all she wanted as she caught them, and the others she gave to her uncle, Ee-ee-toy, to carry home. And Ee-ee-toy came to like to have her with him because of the game she could get. But after a time she did not come home anymore, but staid out in the bushes, living on the game she could get. But when the hunters came out, she would still join them and after killing and eating all she wanted she would give the rest of her kill to her uncle, as before.And so she contrived to live in the wild places, like a wild-cat, and in time became able to kill deer, antelopes, and all big game, and yet being part human she would tan buckskin like a womanand do all that a woman needs to do.And she found a cave in the mountain which is calledTaht-kum, where she lived, and that cave can be seen now and is still called Hawawk’s Cave.But she had been born near where the ruins of Casa Grande now are and claimed that vahahkkee for her own. And when she knew a baby had been born there she would go to the mother and say, “I want to see my grandchild.” But if the mother let her take the baby she would put it over her shoulder, into her gyih-haw, and run to her cave, and put the baby into a mortar, and pound it up and eat it. And she got all the babies she could in this way; and later on she grew bolder and would find the larger children, wheretheywere at play, and would carry them off to eat them. And now she let all the rabbits and such game go, and lived only on the children she caught, for a long time.And Ee-ee-toy told the people what to do in this great trouble. He told them to roast a big lot of pumpkin seeds and to go into their houses and keep still. And when the people had roasted the pumpkin seeds and gone into their houses, Ee-ee-toy came around and stopped up the door of every house with bushes, and plastered clay over the bushes as the Awawtam still do when they go away from home.After a time Hawawk came around, and stood near the houses, and listened, and heard the people cracking the pumpkin seeds inside.And she said: “Where are all my grandchildren? They must have been gone for a long time, for I do not see any tracks, nor hear any voices, and I hear only the rats eating the seeds in the empty houses.”And she came several times and saw no one, and really believed the people had gone entirely away. And for a while she did not come any more, but after a time she was one day running by the village and she saw some children playing. And she caught two and ran with them to her cave. And from that day she went on stealing children as before.And Ee-ee-toy made him a rattle, out of a wild gourd, and went and lay on the trail on which Hawawk usually came, and changed himself into the little animal called “Kaw-awts.” And when Hawawk came along she poked him with a stick of her gyih-haw and said:“Here is a little kaw-awts. He must be my pet.” And then Ee-ee-toy jumped up and shook his rattle at her, and frightened her so that she ran home. And then Ee-ee-toy made rattles for all the children in that place and when they saw Hawawk coming they would shake their rattles at her and scare her back again.But after a while Hawawk became used to the rattles and ceased to fear them, and even while they were shaking she would run and carry some of the children off.And one day two little boys were hunting dovesafter the manner of the country. They had a little kee of willows, and a hole inside in the sand where they sat, and outside a stick stuck up for the doves to light on. And when the doves came they would shoot them with their bows and arrows. And while they were doing this they saw Hawawk coming. And they said:“What shall we do! Hawawk is coming and will eat us up.”And they lay down in the hole in the sand and covered themselves with the dove’s feathers. And Hawawk came and said: “Where are my grandchildren! Some of them have been here very lately.” And she went all around and looked for their tracks, but could find none leading away from the place. And she came back again to the kee, and while she was looking in a wind came and swept away all the dove-feathers, and she sprang in and caught up the two boys and put them in her gyih-haw and started off.And as she went along the boys said: “Grandmother, we like flat stones to play with.Won’tyou give us all the flat stones you can find?” And Hawawk picked up all the flat stones she came to and put them one by one over hershoulderinto the basket.And the boys said, again, after the basketbeganto get heavy, “Grandmother, we like to go under limbs of trees. Go under all the low limbs of trees you can to please us.” And Hawawk went under a low tree, and one of the boys caught hold of the limb and hung there tillshe had gone on. And Hawawk went under another tree, and the other boycaughthold of a limb and staid there. But because of the flat stones she kept putting into her gyih-haw Hawawk did not notice this. And when she got to her cave and emptied her basket there were no boys there.And when Hawawk saw this she turned back and found the tracks of the boys, and ran, following after them, and caught up with them just before they got to their village. And she would have caught them there, and carried them off again, but the boys had gathered some of the fine thorns of a cactus, and when Hawawk came near they held them up and let them blow with the wind into her face.And they stuck in her eyes, and hurt them, and she began to rub her eyes, which made them hurt worse so that she could not see them, and then the boys ran home and thus saved their lives.After that she went to another place calledVahf-kee-wohlt-kih, or the Notched Cliffs, and staid around there and ate the children, and then she moved to another place, the old name of which is now forgotten, but it is called, now,Stchew-a-dack Vah-veeuh, or the Green Well. And there, too, she killed the children.And the people called on Ee-ee-toy to help them, and Ee-ee-toy said, “I will kill her at once!”And Ee-ee-toy, being her relative, went to her home and said: “Your grandchildren want someamusement and are going to have dances now every night and would like you to come.”And she replied: “You know very well I do not care for such things. I do not care to come.”And Ee-ee-toy returned and told the people she did not care to come to their dances, tho he had invited her, but he would think of some other way to get her to come where they were, that they might kill her.And he went a second time, and told her the people were going to sing theHwah-guff-san-nuh-kotch Nyuee, or Basket Drumming Song, and wanted her to come. But she said: “I have heard of that song, but I do not care to hear it. I care nothing for such things, and I will not come.”So Ee-ee-toy returned and told of his second failure, but promised he would try again. And in the morning he went to her and said: “Yourgrandchildrenare going to sing the songHaw-hawf-kuh Nyueeor Dance of the Bone-trimmed Dresses Song and they want you to come.” But she said: “I do not care for this song, either, and I will not come.”And Ee-ee-toy told of his third failure, but promised the people he would try once more,and when the morning came he went to Hawawk and said: “Your grandchildren are going to dance tonight to the song which is calledSee-coll-cod-dha-kotch Nyuee,” (which is a sort of ring dance with the dancers in a circle with joinedhands) “and they want you to come.”And she said: “That is what I like. I will come to that. When is it going to be?”And he said: “It will be this very night.”And he went and told the people she was coming and they must be ready for her.Hawawk got ready in the early evening and dressed herself in a skirt of soft buckskin. And over this she placed an overskirt of deerskin, fringed with long cut fringes with deer-hoofs at the ends to rattle. And then she ran to the dancing place; and the people could hear her a long way off, rattling, as she came. And they were already dancing when she arrived there, and she went and joined hands with Ee-ee-toy.And Hawawk was a great smoker, and Ee-ee-toy made cigarettes for her that had something in them that would make folks sleep. And he smoked these himself, a little, to assure her, but cautiously and moderately, not inhaling the smoke, but she inhaled the smoke, and before the four nights were up she was so sleepy that the people were dragging her around as they danced, and then she got so fast asleep that Ee-ee-toy carried her on his shoulder.And all the time they were dancing they were moving across country, and getting nearer the cave where she lived, and other people at the same time were ahead of them carrying lots of wood to her cave. And when they arrived at her cave in the mountain of Tahtkum they laid hersleeping body down inside, and placed the wood in the cave between her and the door, filling it all to the entrance, which they closed with four hurdles, such as the people fasten their doors with, so that she could not run out.And then they set the wood on fire, and it burned fiercely, and when the fire reached Hawawk she waked and cried out. “My grandchildren, what have I done that you should treat me this way!”And the fire hurt her so that she jumped up and down with pain, and her head struck the ceiling of the cave and split the rock. And when the people saw it they called to Ee-ee-toy, and he went and put his foot over the crack, and sealed it up, and you may see the track of his foot there to this day.But Ee-ee-toy was not quick enough, and her soul escaped through the crack.And then for a while the people had peace, but in time her soul turned into a green hawk, and this hawk killed the people, but did not eat them.And this made the people great trouble, but one day a woman was making pottery and she had just taken one pot out of the fire and left another one in the furnace, on its side, when this hawk saw her and came swooping down from high in the air to kill her, but missed her, and went into the hot pot in the fire, and so was burned up and destroyed.And one day they boiled greens in that pot,the greens calledchoo-hook-yuh, and the greens boiled so hard that they boiled over, and splashed around and killed people. And they boiled all day and stopped at night, and at daybreak began again to boil, and this they did for a long time; boiling by day and stopping at night.And the people sent for Toehahvs who lived in the east, andGee-ah-duk Seeven, or Strong Bow Chief, who lived where is now the ruin ofAw-awt-kum Vah-ahk-kee, to kill the pot for them.And when they arrived Geeahduk Seeven enquired if the pot slept. And the people said:“Yes, it sleeps all night.” Then said Geeahduk Seeven, “We will get up very early, before the pot wakes, and then we will kill it.”But Toehahvs said; “That is not right, to go and kill it at night. I am not like a jealous woman who goes and fights her rival in the darkness. I am not a woman, I am a man!”And Toehahvs said to Geeahduk Seeven: “I will go in the morning to attack the pot and I want you to go on the other side, and if the pot throws its fluid at me, so that I cannot conquer it, then do you run up on the other side and smash it.”Then Toehahvs took his shield and his club, in the morning, and went to attack the pot. But the pot saw him, and, altho he held up his shield, it boiled over, and threw the boiling choohookyuh so high and far that some of it fell on Toehahvs’ back and scalded it. And Toehahvs had to give back a little. But at that momentGeeahduk Seeven ran in on the other side and smashed the pot.And there was an old man with an orphan grandson, living near there, and when the pot was smashed these came to the spot and ate up the choohookyuh. And at once they were turned into bears, the old man into a black bear, the boy into a brown bear.And these bears also killed people, and tho the people tried to kill them, for a long time they could not do so. When they shot arrows at the bears, the bears would catch them and break them up. And so the people had to study out other ways to get the better of them. There is a kind of palm-tree, calledo-nook, which has balls where the branches come out, and the people burned the trees to get these balls, and threw them at the bears. And the bears caught the balls, and fought and wrestled with them, and while their attention was taken by these balls the people shot arrows at them and killed them.And thus ended forever the evil power of Hawawk.Notes on the Story of HawawkThe Story of Hawawk opens with an interesting reference to the favorite Pima game of football. The ball was about two and one half inches in diameter, merely a heavy pebble coated thick with black greasewood gum. Sometimes it was decorated with little inlays of shell. It was thrown by the lifting of the naked or sandaled foot, rather than kicked. Astonishing tales are told of the running power and endurance of the older Indians. White and red men agree in the testimony.Emory says of the Maricopa interpreter, Thirsty Hawk, before alluded to, that he came running into their camp on foot and “appearedto keep pace with the fleetest horse.” Whittemore, the missionary, says: “Some young women could travel from forty to fifty miles in sixteen hours, and there were warriors who ran twenty miles, keeping a horse on a canter following them.” G. W. Mardis, the trader at Phoenix, told me he had known Indians to run all day, and my interpreter told me of Pimas running forty to seventy miles in a day, hunting horses on the mountains. Others ran races with horses and with a little handicap and for moderate distance often beat them. On these long runs after horses the men took theirfootballsand kept them going, saying it made the journey amusing and less tiresome. And undoubtedly it was, in the practice of this sport, that their powers were developed. Beside the usual foot-races, in which all Indians delight, it often happened that two champions would, on a set day, start in different directions and chase their footballs far out on the desert, perhaps ten miles and then return. The one who came in first was winner. The whole tribe, in two parties, on horseback as far as they could get mounts, followed the champions, as judges, assistants, critics and friends and there was profuse betting and picturesque excitement and display.But the fine old athletic games seem to have all died out now.Stories of miraculous conception are not uncommon in Indian tradition, and this story of the bewitching of the young girl into motherhood thru the agency of the football is an instance.This gruesome and graphic tale is full of insight into Indian thought and fancy. In reading it we are reminded of many familiar old nursery tales of kidnapped child, pig or fowl (“the little red hin” of Irish legend for instance) and of Were-Wolf and Loup-Garou.And here reappears the old myth of some god’s or hero’s footstep printed in solid rock.Here is a hint, too, of transmigration in the various adventures of the soul of Hawawk.My Indian hosts cooked me a pot of choohookyuh greens, and I found them very palatable.The reference to the pottery making reminds me of Pima arts. Today the Maricopas have almost a monopoly of pottery making, tho the Quohatas make some good pottery too. It is shaped by the hands (no potters wheel being known) and smoothed and polished by stones, painted red with a mineral and black with mezquite gum and baked in a common fire. It is often very artistic in a rude way, in form and decoration.The Papagoes do most of the horse-hair work, chiefly bridles, halters and lariat ropes, and make mats and fans from rushes.The Pimas make the famous black and white, watertight baskets, which are too well known to need description. The black in these is shreds of the dead-black seed pod of the devil-claw and not some fibre dyed black, as some suppose.There seems to have been no original bead work among Pima Indians.

And when Dthas Seeven had gotten better he meditated on what had happenedtohim, and studied out that Seeollstchewadack-Seeven was the cause of his trouble, and planned how to get the better of him.

Now the Indians have a game of football in which the ball is not kicked but lifted and thrown a good ways by the foot, and Dthas Seeven made such a ball, and sent a young man to play it in the direction of the city of Seeollstchewadack-Seeven. And the young man did so, and as he kept the ball going on it came to the feet of a young girl, who, when she saw the ball, picked it up and hid it under the square of cloth which Indian girls wear.

And the young man came up and asked her if she had seen the ball, and she answered no, she had not seen it, and she kept on denying it, so at last he turned back and said he might as well go home as he no longer had a ball to play with. But he had not gone far before the girl called to him: “Are you not coming back to get your ball?” And he went back to her, and she tried to find the ball, but could not.

But the ball was not lost, but it had bewitched her.

And after a time this girl had a baby, a tall baby, with claws on its hands and feet like a wild animal.

And the people did not know what this meant,and they asked Toehahvs, and Toehahvs knew because this had been prophesied of old time. And Toehahvs said: “She isHaw-awk.”

And Hawawk grew and became able to crawl, but people were afraid of handling her because of the scratching of her claws. Only her relatives could safely handle her. And as she grew older, still, she would sometimes see other children and wish to play with them, but in a short time they would get scratched by her in her gambols and would run home crying and leave her alone. And it got so that when the children saw her coming they would tell each other and run home and she could get none of them to play with her.

She claimed Ee-ee-toy as her uncle, and when he had been rabbit-hunting and came in with game she would run and call him “uncle!” and try and get the rabbits away from him; and when he cleaned the rabbits and threw away the entrails she would run and devour them, and the bones of the rabbits the people threw away after the feasts she would eat, too.

And when Hawawk grew older she would sometimes complain to Ee-ee-toy if he came in without game. “Why is it you sometimes come in without rabbits?” she would say, “And why do you not kill a great many?” And he would reply: “It is not possible to kill a great many, for they run very fast and are very hard to shoot with a bow and arrow.” “Let me go with you,” she would say, “and I will kill a great many.”But he would tell her: “You are a girl, and it is not your place to go hunting. If you were a boy it would be, but as it is you cannot go.”

And she kept on begging in this way, and he kept on refusing, she saying that she could kill a great many, and he saying that only a man or a boy could shoot many rabbits, because they ran so fast.

But as she grew older still she began to follow the hunters, and when the hunting began she would be in the crowd, but she tried to keep out of her uncle’s way so that he would not see her. And sometimes when she would thus be following the hunt a rabbit would run in her direction, and she would run fast and jump on it and kill it, and eat it right there; and after a while she could do this oftener and caught a good many; and she would eat all she wanted as she caught them, and the others she gave to her uncle, Ee-ee-toy, to carry home. And Ee-ee-toy came to like to have her with him because of the game she could get. But after a time she did not come home anymore, but staid out in the bushes, living on the game she could get. But when the hunters came out, she would still join them and after killing and eating all she wanted she would give the rest of her kill to her uncle, as before.

And so she contrived to live in the wild places, like a wild-cat, and in time became able to kill deer, antelopes, and all big game, and yet being part human she would tan buckskin like a womanand do all that a woman needs to do.

And she found a cave in the mountain which is calledTaht-kum, where she lived, and that cave can be seen now and is still called Hawawk’s Cave.

But she had been born near where the ruins of Casa Grande now are and claimed that vahahkkee for her own. And when she knew a baby had been born there she would go to the mother and say, “I want to see my grandchild.” But if the mother let her take the baby she would put it over her shoulder, into her gyih-haw, and run to her cave, and put the baby into a mortar, and pound it up and eat it. And she got all the babies she could in this way; and later on she grew bolder and would find the larger children, wheretheywere at play, and would carry them off to eat them. And now she let all the rabbits and such game go, and lived only on the children she caught, for a long time.

And Ee-ee-toy told the people what to do in this great trouble. He told them to roast a big lot of pumpkin seeds and to go into their houses and keep still. And when the people had roasted the pumpkin seeds and gone into their houses, Ee-ee-toy came around and stopped up the door of every house with bushes, and plastered clay over the bushes as the Awawtam still do when they go away from home.

After a time Hawawk came around, and stood near the houses, and listened, and heard the people cracking the pumpkin seeds inside.

And she said: “Where are all my grandchildren? They must have been gone for a long time, for I do not see any tracks, nor hear any voices, and I hear only the rats eating the seeds in the empty houses.”

And she came several times and saw no one, and really believed the people had gone entirely away. And for a while she did not come any more, but after a time she was one day running by the village and she saw some children playing. And she caught two and ran with them to her cave. And from that day she went on stealing children as before.

And Ee-ee-toy made him a rattle, out of a wild gourd, and went and lay on the trail on which Hawawk usually came, and changed himself into the little animal called “Kaw-awts.” And when Hawawk came along she poked him with a stick of her gyih-haw and said:“Here is a little kaw-awts. He must be my pet.” And then Ee-ee-toy jumped up and shook his rattle at her, and frightened her so that she ran home. And then Ee-ee-toy made rattles for all the children in that place and when they saw Hawawk coming they would shake their rattles at her and scare her back again.

But after a while Hawawk became used to the rattles and ceased to fear them, and even while they were shaking she would run and carry some of the children off.

And one day two little boys were hunting dovesafter the manner of the country. They had a little kee of willows, and a hole inside in the sand where they sat, and outside a stick stuck up for the doves to light on. And when the doves came they would shoot them with their bows and arrows. And while they were doing this they saw Hawawk coming. And they said:“What shall we do! Hawawk is coming and will eat us up.”

And they lay down in the hole in the sand and covered themselves with the dove’s feathers. And Hawawk came and said: “Where are my grandchildren! Some of them have been here very lately.” And she went all around and looked for their tracks, but could find none leading away from the place. And she came back again to the kee, and while she was looking in a wind came and swept away all the dove-feathers, and she sprang in and caught up the two boys and put them in her gyih-haw and started off.

And as she went along the boys said: “Grandmother, we like flat stones to play with.Won’tyou give us all the flat stones you can find?” And Hawawk picked up all the flat stones she came to and put them one by one over hershoulderinto the basket.

And the boys said, again, after the basketbeganto get heavy, “Grandmother, we like to go under limbs of trees. Go under all the low limbs of trees you can to please us.” And Hawawk went under a low tree, and one of the boys caught hold of the limb and hung there tillshe had gone on. And Hawawk went under another tree, and the other boycaughthold of a limb and staid there. But because of the flat stones she kept putting into her gyih-haw Hawawk did not notice this. And when she got to her cave and emptied her basket there were no boys there.

And when Hawawk saw this she turned back and found the tracks of the boys, and ran, following after them, and caught up with them just before they got to their village. And she would have caught them there, and carried them off again, but the boys had gathered some of the fine thorns of a cactus, and when Hawawk came near they held them up and let them blow with the wind into her face.

And they stuck in her eyes, and hurt them, and she began to rub her eyes, which made them hurt worse so that she could not see them, and then the boys ran home and thus saved their lives.

After that she went to another place calledVahf-kee-wohlt-kih, or the Notched Cliffs, and staid around there and ate the children, and then she moved to another place, the old name of which is now forgotten, but it is called, now,Stchew-a-dack Vah-veeuh, or the Green Well. And there, too, she killed the children.

And the people called on Ee-ee-toy to help them, and Ee-ee-toy said, “I will kill her at once!”

And Ee-ee-toy, being her relative, went to her home and said: “Your grandchildren want someamusement and are going to have dances now every night and would like you to come.”

And she replied: “You know very well I do not care for such things. I do not care to come.”

And Ee-ee-toy returned and told the people she did not care to come to their dances, tho he had invited her, but he would think of some other way to get her to come where they were, that they might kill her.

And he went a second time, and told her the people were going to sing theHwah-guff-san-nuh-kotch Nyuee, or Basket Drumming Song, and wanted her to come. But she said: “I have heard of that song, but I do not care to hear it. I care nothing for such things, and I will not come.”

So Ee-ee-toy returned and told of his second failure, but promised he would try again. And in the morning he went to her and said: “Yourgrandchildrenare going to sing the songHaw-hawf-kuh Nyueeor Dance of the Bone-trimmed Dresses Song and they want you to come.” But she said: “I do not care for this song, either, and I will not come.”

And Ee-ee-toy told of his third failure, but promised the people he would try once more,and when the morning came he went to Hawawk and said: “Your grandchildren are going to dance tonight to the song which is calledSee-coll-cod-dha-kotch Nyuee,” (which is a sort of ring dance with the dancers in a circle with joinedhands) “and they want you to come.”

And she said: “That is what I like. I will come to that. When is it going to be?”

And he said: “It will be this very night.”

And he went and told the people she was coming and they must be ready for her.

Hawawk got ready in the early evening and dressed herself in a skirt of soft buckskin. And over this she placed an overskirt of deerskin, fringed with long cut fringes with deer-hoofs at the ends to rattle. And then she ran to the dancing place; and the people could hear her a long way off, rattling, as she came. And they were already dancing when she arrived there, and she went and joined hands with Ee-ee-toy.

And Hawawk was a great smoker, and Ee-ee-toy made cigarettes for her that had something in them that would make folks sleep. And he smoked these himself, a little, to assure her, but cautiously and moderately, not inhaling the smoke, but she inhaled the smoke, and before the four nights were up she was so sleepy that the people were dragging her around as they danced, and then she got so fast asleep that Ee-ee-toy carried her on his shoulder.

And all the time they were dancing they were moving across country, and getting nearer the cave where she lived, and other people at the same time were ahead of them carrying lots of wood to her cave. And when they arrived at her cave in the mountain of Tahtkum they laid hersleeping body down inside, and placed the wood in the cave between her and the door, filling it all to the entrance, which they closed with four hurdles, such as the people fasten their doors with, so that she could not run out.

And then they set the wood on fire, and it burned fiercely, and when the fire reached Hawawk she waked and cried out. “My grandchildren, what have I done that you should treat me this way!”

And the fire hurt her so that she jumped up and down with pain, and her head struck the ceiling of the cave and split the rock. And when the people saw it they called to Ee-ee-toy, and he went and put his foot over the crack, and sealed it up, and you may see the track of his foot there to this day.

But Ee-ee-toy was not quick enough, and her soul escaped through the crack.

And then for a while the people had peace, but in time her soul turned into a green hawk, and this hawk killed the people, but did not eat them.

And this made the people great trouble, but one day a woman was making pottery and she had just taken one pot out of the fire and left another one in the furnace, on its side, when this hawk saw her and came swooping down from high in the air to kill her, but missed her, and went into the hot pot in the fire, and so was burned up and destroyed.

And one day they boiled greens in that pot,the greens calledchoo-hook-yuh, and the greens boiled so hard that they boiled over, and splashed around and killed people. And they boiled all day and stopped at night, and at daybreak began again to boil, and this they did for a long time; boiling by day and stopping at night.

And the people sent for Toehahvs who lived in the east, andGee-ah-duk Seeven, or Strong Bow Chief, who lived where is now the ruin ofAw-awt-kum Vah-ahk-kee, to kill the pot for them.

And when they arrived Geeahduk Seeven enquired if the pot slept. And the people said:“Yes, it sleeps all night.” Then said Geeahduk Seeven, “We will get up very early, before the pot wakes, and then we will kill it.”

But Toehahvs said; “That is not right, to go and kill it at night. I am not like a jealous woman who goes and fights her rival in the darkness. I am not a woman, I am a man!”

And Toehahvs said to Geeahduk Seeven: “I will go in the morning to attack the pot and I want you to go on the other side, and if the pot throws its fluid at me, so that I cannot conquer it, then do you run up on the other side and smash it.”

Then Toehahvs took his shield and his club, in the morning, and went to attack the pot. But the pot saw him, and, altho he held up his shield, it boiled over, and threw the boiling choohookyuh so high and far that some of it fell on Toehahvs’ back and scalded it. And Toehahvs had to give back a little. But at that momentGeeahduk Seeven ran in on the other side and smashed the pot.

And there was an old man with an orphan grandson, living near there, and when the pot was smashed these came to the spot and ate up the choohookyuh. And at once they were turned into bears, the old man into a black bear, the boy into a brown bear.

And these bears also killed people, and tho the people tried to kill them, for a long time they could not do so. When they shot arrows at the bears, the bears would catch them and break them up. And so the people had to study out other ways to get the better of them. There is a kind of palm-tree, calledo-nook, which has balls where the branches come out, and the people burned the trees to get these balls, and threw them at the bears. And the bears caught the balls, and fought and wrestled with them, and while their attention was taken by these balls the people shot arrows at them and killed them.

And thus ended forever the evil power of Hawawk.

Notes on the Story of HawawkThe Story of Hawawk opens with an interesting reference to the favorite Pima game of football. The ball was about two and one half inches in diameter, merely a heavy pebble coated thick with black greasewood gum. Sometimes it was decorated with little inlays of shell. It was thrown by the lifting of the naked or sandaled foot, rather than kicked. Astonishing tales are told of the running power and endurance of the older Indians. White and red men agree in the testimony.Emory says of the Maricopa interpreter, Thirsty Hawk, before alluded to, that he came running into their camp on foot and “appearedto keep pace with the fleetest horse.” Whittemore, the missionary, says: “Some young women could travel from forty to fifty miles in sixteen hours, and there were warriors who ran twenty miles, keeping a horse on a canter following them.” G. W. Mardis, the trader at Phoenix, told me he had known Indians to run all day, and my interpreter told me of Pimas running forty to seventy miles in a day, hunting horses on the mountains. Others ran races with horses and with a little handicap and for moderate distance often beat them. On these long runs after horses the men took theirfootballsand kept them going, saying it made the journey amusing and less tiresome. And undoubtedly it was, in the practice of this sport, that their powers were developed. Beside the usual foot-races, in which all Indians delight, it often happened that two champions would, on a set day, start in different directions and chase their footballs far out on the desert, perhaps ten miles and then return. The one who came in first was winner. The whole tribe, in two parties, on horseback as far as they could get mounts, followed the champions, as judges, assistants, critics and friends and there was profuse betting and picturesque excitement and display.But the fine old athletic games seem to have all died out now.Stories of miraculous conception are not uncommon in Indian tradition, and this story of the bewitching of the young girl into motherhood thru the agency of the football is an instance.This gruesome and graphic tale is full of insight into Indian thought and fancy. In reading it we are reminded of many familiar old nursery tales of kidnapped child, pig or fowl (“the little red hin” of Irish legend for instance) and of Were-Wolf and Loup-Garou.And here reappears the old myth of some god’s or hero’s footstep printed in solid rock.Here is a hint, too, of transmigration in the various adventures of the soul of Hawawk.My Indian hosts cooked me a pot of choohookyuh greens, and I found them very palatable.The reference to the pottery making reminds me of Pima arts. Today the Maricopas have almost a monopoly of pottery making, tho the Quohatas make some good pottery too. It is shaped by the hands (no potters wheel being known) and smoothed and polished by stones, painted red with a mineral and black with mezquite gum and baked in a common fire. It is often very artistic in a rude way, in form and decoration.The Papagoes do most of the horse-hair work, chiefly bridles, halters and lariat ropes, and make mats and fans from rushes.The Pimas make the famous black and white, watertight baskets, which are too well known to need description. The black in these is shreds of the dead-black seed pod of the devil-claw and not some fibre dyed black, as some suppose.There seems to have been no original bead work among Pima Indians.

Notes on the Story of Hawawk

The Story of Hawawk opens with an interesting reference to the favorite Pima game of football. The ball was about two and one half inches in diameter, merely a heavy pebble coated thick with black greasewood gum. Sometimes it was decorated with little inlays of shell. It was thrown by the lifting of the naked or sandaled foot, rather than kicked. Astonishing tales are told of the running power and endurance of the older Indians. White and red men agree in the testimony.Emory says of the Maricopa interpreter, Thirsty Hawk, before alluded to, that he came running into their camp on foot and “appearedto keep pace with the fleetest horse.” Whittemore, the missionary, says: “Some young women could travel from forty to fifty miles in sixteen hours, and there were warriors who ran twenty miles, keeping a horse on a canter following them.” G. W. Mardis, the trader at Phoenix, told me he had known Indians to run all day, and my interpreter told me of Pimas running forty to seventy miles in a day, hunting horses on the mountains. Others ran races with horses and with a little handicap and for moderate distance often beat them. On these long runs after horses the men took theirfootballsand kept them going, saying it made the journey amusing and less tiresome. And undoubtedly it was, in the practice of this sport, that their powers were developed. Beside the usual foot-races, in which all Indians delight, it often happened that two champions would, on a set day, start in different directions and chase their footballs far out on the desert, perhaps ten miles and then return. The one who came in first was winner. The whole tribe, in two parties, on horseback as far as they could get mounts, followed the champions, as judges, assistants, critics and friends and there was profuse betting and picturesque excitement and display.But the fine old athletic games seem to have all died out now.Stories of miraculous conception are not uncommon in Indian tradition, and this story of the bewitching of the young girl into motherhood thru the agency of the football is an instance.This gruesome and graphic tale is full of insight into Indian thought and fancy. In reading it we are reminded of many familiar old nursery tales of kidnapped child, pig or fowl (“the little red hin” of Irish legend for instance) and of Were-Wolf and Loup-Garou.And here reappears the old myth of some god’s or hero’s footstep printed in solid rock.Here is a hint, too, of transmigration in the various adventures of the soul of Hawawk.My Indian hosts cooked me a pot of choohookyuh greens, and I found them very palatable.The reference to the pottery making reminds me of Pima arts. Today the Maricopas have almost a monopoly of pottery making, tho the Quohatas make some good pottery too. It is shaped by the hands (no potters wheel being known) and smoothed and polished by stones, painted red with a mineral and black with mezquite gum and baked in a common fire. It is often very artistic in a rude way, in form and decoration.The Papagoes do most of the horse-hair work, chiefly bridles, halters and lariat ropes, and make mats and fans from rushes.The Pimas make the famous black and white, watertight baskets, which are too well known to need description. The black in these is shreds of the dead-black seed pod of the devil-claw and not some fibre dyed black, as some suppose.There seems to have been no original bead work among Pima Indians.

The Story of Hawawk opens with an interesting reference to the favorite Pima game of football. The ball was about two and one half inches in diameter, merely a heavy pebble coated thick with black greasewood gum. Sometimes it was decorated with little inlays of shell. It was thrown by the lifting of the naked or sandaled foot, rather than kicked. Astonishing tales are told of the running power and endurance of the older Indians. White and red men agree in the testimony.

Emory says of the Maricopa interpreter, Thirsty Hawk, before alluded to, that he came running into their camp on foot and “appearedto keep pace with the fleetest horse.” Whittemore, the missionary, says: “Some young women could travel from forty to fifty miles in sixteen hours, and there were warriors who ran twenty miles, keeping a horse on a canter following them.” G. W. Mardis, the trader at Phoenix, told me he had known Indians to run all day, and my interpreter told me of Pimas running forty to seventy miles in a day, hunting horses on the mountains. Others ran races with horses and with a little handicap and for moderate distance often beat them. On these long runs after horses the men took theirfootballsand kept them going, saying it made the journey amusing and less tiresome. And undoubtedly it was, in the practice of this sport, that their powers were developed. Beside the usual foot-races, in which all Indians delight, it often happened that two champions would, on a set day, start in different directions and chase their footballs far out on the desert, perhaps ten miles and then return. The one who came in first was winner. The whole tribe, in two parties, on horseback as far as they could get mounts, followed the champions, as judges, assistants, critics and friends and there was profuse betting and picturesque excitement and display.

But the fine old athletic games seem to have all died out now.

Stories of miraculous conception are not uncommon in Indian tradition, and this story of the bewitching of the young girl into motherhood thru the agency of the football is an instance.

This gruesome and graphic tale is full of insight into Indian thought and fancy. In reading it we are reminded of many familiar old nursery tales of kidnapped child, pig or fowl (“the little red hin” of Irish legend for instance) and of Were-Wolf and Loup-Garou.

And here reappears the old myth of some god’s or hero’s footstep printed in solid rock.

Here is a hint, too, of transmigration in the various adventures of the soul of Hawawk.

My Indian hosts cooked me a pot of choohookyuh greens, and I found them very palatable.

The reference to the pottery making reminds me of Pima arts. Today the Maricopas have almost a monopoly of pottery making, tho the Quohatas make some good pottery too. It is shaped by the hands (no potters wheel being known) and smoothed and polished by stones, painted red with a mineral and black with mezquite gum and baked in a common fire. It is often very artistic in a rude way, in form and decoration.

The Papagoes do most of the horse-hair work, chiefly bridles, halters and lariat ropes, and make mats and fans from rushes.

The Pimas make the famous black and white, watertight baskets, which are too well known to need description. The black in these is shreds of the dead-black seed pod of the devil-claw and not some fibre dyed black, as some suppose.

There seems to have been no original bead work among Pima Indians.

The Story of Tawquahdahmawks and her CanalAnd after this the people had long peace, increased in numbers, and were scattered all around. Some lived where the old vahahkkees now are in the Gila country, and some lived in the Papago country, and some in the Salt River country. And those who lived where the mound now is between Phoenix and Tempe were the first to use a canal to irrigate their land. And these raised all kinds of vegetables and had fine crops. And the people of the Gila country and the people of the Salt River country at first did not raise many vegetables, because they did not irrigate, and they used to visit the people who did irrigate and eat with them; but after a while the people who lived on the south side of the Salt River also made a canal, and you can see it to this day.But when these people tried their canal it did not work. When they dammed the river the water did not run, because the canal was uphill. And they could not seem to make it deeper, because it was all in a lime rock.And they sent for Ee-ee-toy to help them. And Ee-ee-toy had them get stakes of ironwood, and sharpen them, and all stand in a row with their stakes in their hands at the bottom of the canal.And then Ee-ee-toy sang a song, and at the end of the song the people were all to strike their stakes into the bottom of the canal to make it deeper. But it would not work, it was too hard, and Ee-ee-toy gave it up.And Ee-ee-toy said: “I can do no more, but there is an old woman namedTaw-quah-dahm-awks(which means The Wampum Eater) and she, tho only a woman, is very wise, and likely can help you better than I. I advise you to send for her.”And the people sent for her, and she said: “I will come at once.”And she came, as she had promised, but she did not go to where the people were assembled, but went right to the canal. And she had brought a fog with her, and she left the fog at the river, near the mouth of the canal. And she went up the course of the canal, looking this way and that, to see how much up-hill it ran.And when she reached where the canal ran up-hill she blew thru it the breath which is calledseev-hur-whirl, which means a bitter wind. And this wind tore up the bed of the canal, as deep as was necessary, throwing the dirt and rocks out on each side.And then the fog dammed up the river and the water ran thru the canal.Then the old woman did not go near the people, but went home, and in the morning, when one of the people went to see why the old woman didnot come, he saw the canal full of water and he yelled to everybody to come and see it.And in this way these people got water for their crops and were as prosperous as the others below them.Notes on the Story of TawquahdahmawksIn this story we find proof that the oldest digging utensil was a sharpened stake.Before these people became agricultural they must have subsisted mainly on the game and wild fruits of the desert. They showed me several seed-bearing bushes and weeds which in old time had helped to eke out for them an existence.Starvation must have often stared them in the face, and the references to hunger, and the prophecies of plenty, and of visits to relatives whose crops were good, are scattered pathetically all thru these legends.And indeed, until very recently, mezquite beans and the fruit of various cactus plants were staple articles of food.Mezquite beans grow in a pod on the thorny mezquite trees. The gathering of them was quite a tribal event, large parties going out. The beans when brought home were pounded in thechee-o-pah, or mortar, which was made by burning a hollow in the end of a short mezquite log, set in the ground like a low post. A long round stone pestle, orvee-it-kote, was used to beat with, and sometimes the cheeopah itself was of stone. But stone mortars were usually ancient and dug from out the vahahkkee ruins.The beans, crushed very fine and separated from the indigestible seeds, packed into a sweet cake that would keep a year.Various cactus fruits were eaten. They warned me that for a novice to eat freely of prickly pears produced a lame, sore feeling, as if one had taken cold or a fever. I noticed no symptoms however. The fruit of the giant cactus is gathered from the top, around which it grows like acrown, by a long light pole, made from the rib of the same cactus, with a little hook at its end made by tying another short piece, slant-wise, across. They called the constellation of Ursa Major,Quee-ay-put, or The Cactus-Puller, from a fancied resemblance to this familiar implement.The giant cactus, orhar-san, was eaten ripe, or dried in the sun, or boiled to a jam and sealed away in earthern jars. They also fermented it by mixing with water, and made their famoustis-winor whiskey from it. They had “big drunks” at this time, in which all the tribe joined in a general spree.A sort of large worm (larva) was also gathered in large quantities, boiled and eaten with salt.The confusion in the Pimathoughton religious matters is well revealed in this tale, in which Ee-ee-toy, who may be regarded as a god, frankly admits that in some matters an old woman may be wiser and more powerful than he. Nothing appears to have been very clearly defined in their faith except that a mahkai might be or do almost anything.

The Story of Tawquahdahmawks and her Canal

And after this the people had long peace, increased in numbers, and were scattered all around. Some lived where the old vahahkkees now are in the Gila country, and some lived in the Papago country, and some in the Salt River country. And those who lived where the mound now is between Phoenix and Tempe were the first to use a canal to irrigate their land. And these raised all kinds of vegetables and had fine crops. And the people of the Gila country and the people of the Salt River country at first did not raise many vegetables, because they did not irrigate, and they used to visit the people who did irrigate and eat with them; but after a while the people who lived on the south side of the Salt River also made a canal, and you can see it to this day.But when these people tried their canal it did not work. When they dammed the river the water did not run, because the canal was uphill. And they could not seem to make it deeper, because it was all in a lime rock.And they sent for Ee-ee-toy to help them. And Ee-ee-toy had them get stakes of ironwood, and sharpen them, and all stand in a row with their stakes in their hands at the bottom of the canal.And then Ee-ee-toy sang a song, and at the end of the song the people were all to strike their stakes into the bottom of the canal to make it deeper. But it would not work, it was too hard, and Ee-ee-toy gave it up.And Ee-ee-toy said: “I can do no more, but there is an old woman namedTaw-quah-dahm-awks(which means The Wampum Eater) and she, tho only a woman, is very wise, and likely can help you better than I. I advise you to send for her.”And the people sent for her, and she said: “I will come at once.”And she came, as she had promised, but she did not go to where the people were assembled, but went right to the canal. And she had brought a fog with her, and she left the fog at the river, near the mouth of the canal. And she went up the course of the canal, looking this way and that, to see how much up-hill it ran.And when she reached where the canal ran up-hill she blew thru it the breath which is calledseev-hur-whirl, which means a bitter wind. And this wind tore up the bed of the canal, as deep as was necessary, throwing the dirt and rocks out on each side.And then the fog dammed up the river and the water ran thru the canal.Then the old woman did not go near the people, but went home, and in the morning, when one of the people went to see why the old woman didnot come, he saw the canal full of water and he yelled to everybody to come and see it.And in this way these people got water for their crops and were as prosperous as the others below them.Notes on the Story of TawquahdahmawksIn this story we find proof that the oldest digging utensil was a sharpened stake.Before these people became agricultural they must have subsisted mainly on the game and wild fruits of the desert. They showed me several seed-bearing bushes and weeds which in old time had helped to eke out for them an existence.Starvation must have often stared them in the face, and the references to hunger, and the prophecies of plenty, and of visits to relatives whose crops were good, are scattered pathetically all thru these legends.And indeed, until very recently, mezquite beans and the fruit of various cactus plants were staple articles of food.Mezquite beans grow in a pod on the thorny mezquite trees. The gathering of them was quite a tribal event, large parties going out. The beans when brought home were pounded in thechee-o-pah, or mortar, which was made by burning a hollow in the end of a short mezquite log, set in the ground like a low post. A long round stone pestle, orvee-it-kote, was used to beat with, and sometimes the cheeopah itself was of stone. But stone mortars were usually ancient and dug from out the vahahkkee ruins.The beans, crushed very fine and separated from the indigestible seeds, packed into a sweet cake that would keep a year.Various cactus fruits were eaten. They warned me that for a novice to eat freely of prickly pears produced a lame, sore feeling, as if one had taken cold or a fever. I noticed no symptoms however. The fruit of the giant cactus is gathered from the top, around which it grows like acrown, by a long light pole, made from the rib of the same cactus, with a little hook at its end made by tying another short piece, slant-wise, across. They called the constellation of Ursa Major,Quee-ay-put, or The Cactus-Puller, from a fancied resemblance to this familiar implement.The giant cactus, orhar-san, was eaten ripe, or dried in the sun, or boiled to a jam and sealed away in earthern jars. They also fermented it by mixing with water, and made their famoustis-winor whiskey from it. They had “big drunks” at this time, in which all the tribe joined in a general spree.A sort of large worm (larva) was also gathered in large quantities, boiled and eaten with salt.The confusion in the Pimathoughton religious matters is well revealed in this tale, in which Ee-ee-toy, who may be regarded as a god, frankly admits that in some matters an old woman may be wiser and more powerful than he. Nothing appears to have been very clearly defined in their faith except that a mahkai might be or do almost anything.

And after this the people had long peace, increased in numbers, and were scattered all around. Some lived where the old vahahkkees now are in the Gila country, and some lived in the Papago country, and some in the Salt River country. And those who lived where the mound now is between Phoenix and Tempe were the first to use a canal to irrigate their land. And these raised all kinds of vegetables and had fine crops. And the people of the Gila country and the people of the Salt River country at first did not raise many vegetables, because they did not irrigate, and they used to visit the people who did irrigate and eat with them; but after a while the people who lived on the south side of the Salt River also made a canal, and you can see it to this day.

But when these people tried their canal it did not work. When they dammed the river the water did not run, because the canal was uphill. And they could not seem to make it deeper, because it was all in a lime rock.

And they sent for Ee-ee-toy to help them. And Ee-ee-toy had them get stakes of ironwood, and sharpen them, and all stand in a row with their stakes in their hands at the bottom of the canal.

And then Ee-ee-toy sang a song, and at the end of the song the people were all to strike their stakes into the bottom of the canal to make it deeper. But it would not work, it was too hard, and Ee-ee-toy gave it up.

And Ee-ee-toy said: “I can do no more, but there is an old woman namedTaw-quah-dahm-awks(which means The Wampum Eater) and she, tho only a woman, is very wise, and likely can help you better than I. I advise you to send for her.”

And the people sent for her, and she said: “I will come at once.”

And she came, as she had promised, but she did not go to where the people were assembled, but went right to the canal. And she had brought a fog with her, and she left the fog at the river, near the mouth of the canal. And she went up the course of the canal, looking this way and that, to see how much up-hill it ran.

And when she reached where the canal ran up-hill she blew thru it the breath which is calledseev-hur-whirl, which means a bitter wind. And this wind tore up the bed of the canal, as deep as was necessary, throwing the dirt and rocks out on each side.

And then the fog dammed up the river and the water ran thru the canal.

Then the old woman did not go near the people, but went home, and in the morning, when one of the people went to see why the old woman didnot come, he saw the canal full of water and he yelled to everybody to come and see it.

And in this way these people got water for their crops and were as prosperous as the others below them.

Notes on the Story of TawquahdahmawksIn this story we find proof that the oldest digging utensil was a sharpened stake.Before these people became agricultural they must have subsisted mainly on the game and wild fruits of the desert. They showed me several seed-bearing bushes and weeds which in old time had helped to eke out for them an existence.Starvation must have often stared them in the face, and the references to hunger, and the prophecies of plenty, and of visits to relatives whose crops were good, are scattered pathetically all thru these legends.And indeed, until very recently, mezquite beans and the fruit of various cactus plants were staple articles of food.Mezquite beans grow in a pod on the thorny mezquite trees. The gathering of them was quite a tribal event, large parties going out. The beans when brought home were pounded in thechee-o-pah, or mortar, which was made by burning a hollow in the end of a short mezquite log, set in the ground like a low post. A long round stone pestle, orvee-it-kote, was used to beat with, and sometimes the cheeopah itself was of stone. But stone mortars were usually ancient and dug from out the vahahkkee ruins.The beans, crushed very fine and separated from the indigestible seeds, packed into a sweet cake that would keep a year.Various cactus fruits were eaten. They warned me that for a novice to eat freely of prickly pears produced a lame, sore feeling, as if one had taken cold or a fever. I noticed no symptoms however. The fruit of the giant cactus is gathered from the top, around which it grows like acrown, by a long light pole, made from the rib of the same cactus, with a little hook at its end made by tying another short piece, slant-wise, across. They called the constellation of Ursa Major,Quee-ay-put, or The Cactus-Puller, from a fancied resemblance to this familiar implement.The giant cactus, orhar-san, was eaten ripe, or dried in the sun, or boiled to a jam and sealed away in earthern jars. They also fermented it by mixing with water, and made their famoustis-winor whiskey from it. They had “big drunks” at this time, in which all the tribe joined in a general spree.A sort of large worm (larva) was also gathered in large quantities, boiled and eaten with salt.The confusion in the Pimathoughton religious matters is well revealed in this tale, in which Ee-ee-toy, who may be regarded as a god, frankly admits that in some matters an old woman may be wiser and more powerful than he. Nothing appears to have been very clearly defined in their faith except that a mahkai might be or do almost anything.

Notes on the Story of Tawquahdahmawks

In this story we find proof that the oldest digging utensil was a sharpened stake.Before these people became agricultural they must have subsisted mainly on the game and wild fruits of the desert. They showed me several seed-bearing bushes and weeds which in old time had helped to eke out for them an existence.Starvation must have often stared them in the face, and the references to hunger, and the prophecies of plenty, and of visits to relatives whose crops were good, are scattered pathetically all thru these legends.And indeed, until very recently, mezquite beans and the fruit of various cactus plants were staple articles of food.Mezquite beans grow in a pod on the thorny mezquite trees. The gathering of them was quite a tribal event, large parties going out. The beans when brought home were pounded in thechee-o-pah, or mortar, which was made by burning a hollow in the end of a short mezquite log, set in the ground like a low post. A long round stone pestle, orvee-it-kote, was used to beat with, and sometimes the cheeopah itself was of stone. But stone mortars were usually ancient and dug from out the vahahkkee ruins.The beans, crushed very fine and separated from the indigestible seeds, packed into a sweet cake that would keep a year.Various cactus fruits were eaten. They warned me that for a novice to eat freely of prickly pears produced a lame, sore feeling, as if one had taken cold or a fever. I noticed no symptoms however. The fruit of the giant cactus is gathered from the top, around which it grows like acrown, by a long light pole, made from the rib of the same cactus, with a little hook at its end made by tying another short piece, slant-wise, across. They called the constellation of Ursa Major,Quee-ay-put, or The Cactus-Puller, from a fancied resemblance to this familiar implement.The giant cactus, orhar-san, was eaten ripe, or dried in the sun, or boiled to a jam and sealed away in earthern jars. They also fermented it by mixing with water, and made their famoustis-winor whiskey from it. They had “big drunks” at this time, in which all the tribe joined in a general spree.A sort of large worm (larva) was also gathered in large quantities, boiled and eaten with salt.The confusion in the Pimathoughton religious matters is well revealed in this tale, in which Ee-ee-toy, who may be regarded as a god, frankly admits that in some matters an old woman may be wiser and more powerful than he. Nothing appears to have been very clearly defined in their faith except that a mahkai might be or do almost anything.

In this story we find proof that the oldest digging utensil was a sharpened stake.

Before these people became agricultural they must have subsisted mainly on the game and wild fruits of the desert. They showed me several seed-bearing bushes and weeds which in old time had helped to eke out for them an existence.

Starvation must have often stared them in the face, and the references to hunger, and the prophecies of plenty, and of visits to relatives whose crops were good, are scattered pathetically all thru these legends.

And indeed, until very recently, mezquite beans and the fruit of various cactus plants were staple articles of food.

Mezquite beans grow in a pod on the thorny mezquite trees. The gathering of them was quite a tribal event, large parties going out. The beans when brought home were pounded in thechee-o-pah, or mortar, which was made by burning a hollow in the end of a short mezquite log, set in the ground like a low post. A long round stone pestle, orvee-it-kote, was used to beat with, and sometimes the cheeopah itself was of stone. But stone mortars were usually ancient and dug from out the vahahkkee ruins.

The beans, crushed very fine and separated from the indigestible seeds, packed into a sweet cake that would keep a year.

Various cactus fruits were eaten. They warned me that for a novice to eat freely of prickly pears produced a lame, sore feeling, as if one had taken cold or a fever. I noticed no symptoms however. The fruit of the giant cactus is gathered from the top, around which it grows like acrown, by a long light pole, made from the rib of the same cactus, with a little hook at its end made by tying another short piece, slant-wise, across. They called the constellation of Ursa Major,Quee-ay-put, or The Cactus-Puller, from a fancied resemblance to this familiar implement.

The giant cactus, orhar-san, was eaten ripe, or dried in the sun, or boiled to a jam and sealed away in earthern jars. They also fermented it by mixing with water, and made their famoustis-winor whiskey from it. They had “big drunks” at this time, in which all the tribe joined in a general spree.

A sort of large worm (larva) was also gathered in large quantities, boiled and eaten with salt.

The confusion in the Pimathoughton religious matters is well revealed in this tale, in which Ee-ee-toy, who may be regarded as a god, frankly admits that in some matters an old woman may be wiser and more powerful than he. Nothing appears to have been very clearly defined in their faith except that a mahkai might be or do almost anything.

How Nooee Killed Ee-ee-toyEe-ee-toy lived in the Salt River Mountain, which is called by the Awawtam Moehahdheck, or the Brown Mountain, and whenever the girls had ceremonial dances because of their arrival at womanhood he would come and sing the appropriate songs. And it often happened that he would tempt these young girls away to his mountain, to be his wives, but after keeping them awhile he would grow tired of them and send them back.And the people disliked Ee-ee-toy because of this. And when they had crops, too, Ee-ee-toy would often shoot his hot arrows thru the fields, and wither up the growing things; and tho the people did not see him do this, they knew he was guilty, and they wanted to kill him, but they did not know how to do it.And the people talked together about how they could kill Ee-ee-toy. And two young boys, there were, who were always together.And as they lay at the door of their kee they heard the people talking of sending bunches of people here and there to kill Ee-ee-toy, and one said: “He is only one, we could kill him ourselves.” And the other one said: “Let us go and kill him, then.”So the two boys went to Moehahdheck, and found Ee-ee-toy lying asleep, and beat him with their clubs, and killed him, and then came back and told the people of what they had done. Butnone of the people went to see the truth of this and in the morning Ee-ee-toy came again, just as he used to do, and walked around among the people, who said among themselves: “I thought the boys said they had killed him.”And that same night all the people went to Moehahdheck, and found Ee-ee-toy asleep, and fell upon him and killed him. And there was a pile of wood outside, and they laid him on this and set fire to the wood and burned his flesh. And feeling sure that he was now dead, they went home, but in the morning there he was, walking around, alive again.And so the people assembled again, and that night, once more, they killed him, and they cut his flesh up into little bits, and put it into a pot, and boiled it, and when it was cooked they threw it all away in different directions. But in the morning he was alive again and the people gave it up for that time.But after awhile they were planning again how to kill him; and one of them proposed that they all go and tie him with ropes and take him to a high cliff, and push him off, and let him fall. And so they went and did this, but Ee-ee-toy was not hurt at all. He just walked off, when he reached the bottom, and looked up at the people above him.The next scheme was to drown him. They caught him and led him to a whirlpool, and tied his hands and feet and threw him in. But hecame up in a few minutes, without any ropes on, and looked at the people, and then dived, and so kept on coming up and diving down. And the people, seeing they could not drown him, went home once more.Then Nooee called the people together and said: “It is of no use for you to try to kill Ee-ee-toy, for you cannot kill him. He is too powerful for men to kill. He has power over the winds, and all the animals, and he knows all that is going on in the mountains, and in the sky. And I have power something like him.”So Nooee told the people to come in, that evening, to his house. He said: “I will show you part of my power, and I want everyone to see it.”And Nooee lived not far from where Ee-ee-toy did, south of the Moehahdheck mountain, at a place calledNooee Vahahkkee, and that was where he invited the people to come.And so, when the people assembled at Nooee Vahahkkee, Nooee made earth in his habitation, and mountains on it, and all things on it, in little as we say, so that the people could see his power; for JuhwertaMahkaihad made him to have power, tho he had not cared to use it. And he made a little world in his house for them to look at, with sun, moon and stars working just as our sun and stars work; and everything exactly like our world.And when night came, Nooee pushed the darkness back with his hands, and spread it on the walls, so that the people could see his little worldand how it worked. And he was there four days and four nights, showing this wonder to the people.And after this Nooee flew up thru the openings in the roof of his house, and sat there, and saw the sun rise. And as soon as the sun rose Nooee flew towards it, and flew up and up, higher and higher, until he could see Ee-ee-toy’s heart. And he wore a nose ring, as all the brave people did, a nose ring of turquoise. But from his high view he saw that everything looked green and so he knew he could not killEe-ee-toythat day.And the next day he did the same thing, only he wore a new nose-ring, made of a sparkling shell. And when he got up highenufto see Ee-ee-toy’s heart he saw that the ground looked dry, and he was very much pleased, for he knew that now he would, someday, kill Ee-ee-toy. And he went home.And the third morning Nooee again put on his nose ring of glittering shell, and flew up to meet the Sun, and he flew up and up until he came to the sun himself. And Nooee said to the Sun: “You know there is a Person, on earth, called Ee-ee-toy, who is very bad, and I want to kill him, and I want your help, and this is the reason I come to you.”And Nooee said to the Sun: “Now you go back, and let me shine in your place, and I will give just as much light as you do, but let mehave yourvi-no-me-gaht, your gun, to shoot with, when I get around to your home.” And the Sun said: “Moe-vah Sop-hwah, that is all right. But I always go down over yonder mountain, and when you get to that mountain just stop and look back, and see how the world looks.”And Nooee took the Sun’s place, and went down, that evening, over the mountain, stopping, as he was told, to see how wonderful the world looked; and when he came to the Sun’s home, the sun gave him the weapon he shot with.And the next morning Nooee rose in place of the Sun, and after rising a little he shot at the earth, and it became very hot. And before noon he shot again, and it was still hotter. And Ee-ee-toy knew, now that he was going to be killed, but he tried to use all his power to save himself. He ran around, and came to a pond where there had always been ice, and he jumped in to cool himself, but it was all boiling water.And when it was nearly noon Nooee shot again, and it became terribly hot, and Ee-ee-toy ran for a rock which had always been cold, but just before he got there the heat made the rock burst.And he ran to a tree, whose cool shade he often enjoyed, but as he came near it the tree began to burst into flame, and he had to turn back. And now it was noon, and Nooee shot again.And Ee-ee-toy ran to a great post, all stripedaround with black and white, which had been made by his power, and which had a hollow that was always cool inside, and was about to put his arms around it when he fell down and died.So Ee-ee-toy was dead, and Nooee went down to his setting, and returned the weapon to the Sun, and then went home to his vahahkkee.The Song of Nooee when he went to the SunThe Rising (Sun) I am going to meet.(Repeated many times)When NooeeKilledEe-ee-toy1(A Song)The gun, he gave it to me as a cane;With it I killed the Brother’s heart.Notes on how Nooee Killed Ee-ee-toyThe hot arrows of Ee-ee-toy, that withered the crops, remind us of Apollo.The idea often comes up in these stories that a person possessing the powers of a mahkai was hard to kill, having as many lives as a cat. It would also appear that there was a confusion as to what constituted killing, anyway.They perhaps regarded mere unconsciousness as death.Both Ee-ee-toy and Nooee are “killed,” but after an interval are alive again. And Whittemore relates: “An Apache, seeing Louis, the Pima interpreter, came to him in high glee. Taking his hand, he said: ‘You are the Pima who killed me years ago.’ Louis then recognized him as the man to whom he had dealt a heavy blow with a warclub, and then left him for dead on the battle-field.”Is there any connection between the the fact that when Nooee wore a nose-ring of turquoise the earth looked green, and that when he wore a nose-ring of glittering shell the earth looked dry to him?Could this whole story have been a myth of some great drouth?1The reference to the “gun” shows clearly that this song was made after the advent of the white man.

How Nooee Killed Ee-ee-toy

Ee-ee-toy lived in the Salt River Mountain, which is called by the Awawtam Moehahdheck, or the Brown Mountain, and whenever the girls had ceremonial dances because of their arrival at womanhood he would come and sing the appropriate songs. And it often happened that he would tempt these young girls away to his mountain, to be his wives, but after keeping them awhile he would grow tired of them and send them back.And the people disliked Ee-ee-toy because of this. And when they had crops, too, Ee-ee-toy would often shoot his hot arrows thru the fields, and wither up the growing things; and tho the people did not see him do this, they knew he was guilty, and they wanted to kill him, but they did not know how to do it.And the people talked together about how they could kill Ee-ee-toy. And two young boys, there were, who were always together.And as they lay at the door of their kee they heard the people talking of sending bunches of people here and there to kill Ee-ee-toy, and one said: “He is only one, we could kill him ourselves.” And the other one said: “Let us go and kill him, then.”So the two boys went to Moehahdheck, and found Ee-ee-toy lying asleep, and beat him with their clubs, and killed him, and then came back and told the people of what they had done. Butnone of the people went to see the truth of this and in the morning Ee-ee-toy came again, just as he used to do, and walked around among the people, who said among themselves: “I thought the boys said they had killed him.”And that same night all the people went to Moehahdheck, and found Ee-ee-toy asleep, and fell upon him and killed him. And there was a pile of wood outside, and they laid him on this and set fire to the wood and burned his flesh. And feeling sure that he was now dead, they went home, but in the morning there he was, walking around, alive again.And so the people assembled again, and that night, once more, they killed him, and they cut his flesh up into little bits, and put it into a pot, and boiled it, and when it was cooked they threw it all away in different directions. But in the morning he was alive again and the people gave it up for that time.But after awhile they were planning again how to kill him; and one of them proposed that they all go and tie him with ropes and take him to a high cliff, and push him off, and let him fall. And so they went and did this, but Ee-ee-toy was not hurt at all. He just walked off, when he reached the bottom, and looked up at the people above him.The next scheme was to drown him. They caught him and led him to a whirlpool, and tied his hands and feet and threw him in. But hecame up in a few minutes, without any ropes on, and looked at the people, and then dived, and so kept on coming up and diving down. And the people, seeing they could not drown him, went home once more.Then Nooee called the people together and said: “It is of no use for you to try to kill Ee-ee-toy, for you cannot kill him. He is too powerful for men to kill. He has power over the winds, and all the animals, and he knows all that is going on in the mountains, and in the sky. And I have power something like him.”So Nooee told the people to come in, that evening, to his house. He said: “I will show you part of my power, and I want everyone to see it.”And Nooee lived not far from where Ee-ee-toy did, south of the Moehahdheck mountain, at a place calledNooee Vahahkkee, and that was where he invited the people to come.And so, when the people assembled at Nooee Vahahkkee, Nooee made earth in his habitation, and mountains on it, and all things on it, in little as we say, so that the people could see his power; for JuhwertaMahkaihad made him to have power, tho he had not cared to use it. And he made a little world in his house for them to look at, with sun, moon and stars working just as our sun and stars work; and everything exactly like our world.And when night came, Nooee pushed the darkness back with his hands, and spread it on the walls, so that the people could see his little worldand how it worked. And he was there four days and four nights, showing this wonder to the people.And after this Nooee flew up thru the openings in the roof of his house, and sat there, and saw the sun rise. And as soon as the sun rose Nooee flew towards it, and flew up and up, higher and higher, until he could see Ee-ee-toy’s heart. And he wore a nose ring, as all the brave people did, a nose ring of turquoise. But from his high view he saw that everything looked green and so he knew he could not killEe-ee-toythat day.And the next day he did the same thing, only he wore a new nose-ring, made of a sparkling shell. And when he got up highenufto see Ee-ee-toy’s heart he saw that the ground looked dry, and he was very much pleased, for he knew that now he would, someday, kill Ee-ee-toy. And he went home.And the third morning Nooee again put on his nose ring of glittering shell, and flew up to meet the Sun, and he flew up and up until he came to the sun himself. And Nooee said to the Sun: “You know there is a Person, on earth, called Ee-ee-toy, who is very bad, and I want to kill him, and I want your help, and this is the reason I come to you.”And Nooee said to the Sun: “Now you go back, and let me shine in your place, and I will give just as much light as you do, but let mehave yourvi-no-me-gaht, your gun, to shoot with, when I get around to your home.” And the Sun said: “Moe-vah Sop-hwah, that is all right. But I always go down over yonder mountain, and when you get to that mountain just stop and look back, and see how the world looks.”And Nooee took the Sun’s place, and went down, that evening, over the mountain, stopping, as he was told, to see how wonderful the world looked; and when he came to the Sun’s home, the sun gave him the weapon he shot with.And the next morning Nooee rose in place of the Sun, and after rising a little he shot at the earth, and it became very hot. And before noon he shot again, and it was still hotter. And Ee-ee-toy knew, now that he was going to be killed, but he tried to use all his power to save himself. He ran around, and came to a pond where there had always been ice, and he jumped in to cool himself, but it was all boiling water.And when it was nearly noon Nooee shot again, and it became terribly hot, and Ee-ee-toy ran for a rock which had always been cold, but just before he got there the heat made the rock burst.And he ran to a tree, whose cool shade he often enjoyed, but as he came near it the tree began to burst into flame, and he had to turn back. And now it was noon, and Nooee shot again.And Ee-ee-toy ran to a great post, all stripedaround with black and white, which had been made by his power, and which had a hollow that was always cool inside, and was about to put his arms around it when he fell down and died.So Ee-ee-toy was dead, and Nooee went down to his setting, and returned the weapon to the Sun, and then went home to his vahahkkee.The Song of Nooee when he went to the SunThe Rising (Sun) I am going to meet.(Repeated many times)When NooeeKilledEe-ee-toy1(A Song)The gun, he gave it to me as a cane;With it I killed the Brother’s heart.Notes on how Nooee Killed Ee-ee-toyThe hot arrows of Ee-ee-toy, that withered the crops, remind us of Apollo.The idea often comes up in these stories that a person possessing the powers of a mahkai was hard to kill, having as many lives as a cat. It would also appear that there was a confusion as to what constituted killing, anyway.They perhaps regarded mere unconsciousness as death.Both Ee-ee-toy and Nooee are “killed,” but after an interval are alive again. And Whittemore relates: “An Apache, seeing Louis, the Pima interpreter, came to him in high glee. Taking his hand, he said: ‘You are the Pima who killed me years ago.’ Louis then recognized him as the man to whom he had dealt a heavy blow with a warclub, and then left him for dead on the battle-field.”Is there any connection between the the fact that when Nooee wore a nose-ring of turquoise the earth looked green, and that when he wore a nose-ring of glittering shell the earth looked dry to him?Could this whole story have been a myth of some great drouth?

Ee-ee-toy lived in the Salt River Mountain, which is called by the Awawtam Moehahdheck, or the Brown Mountain, and whenever the girls had ceremonial dances because of their arrival at womanhood he would come and sing the appropriate songs. And it often happened that he would tempt these young girls away to his mountain, to be his wives, but after keeping them awhile he would grow tired of them and send them back.

And the people disliked Ee-ee-toy because of this. And when they had crops, too, Ee-ee-toy would often shoot his hot arrows thru the fields, and wither up the growing things; and tho the people did not see him do this, they knew he was guilty, and they wanted to kill him, but they did not know how to do it.

And the people talked together about how they could kill Ee-ee-toy. And two young boys, there were, who were always together.And as they lay at the door of their kee they heard the people talking of sending bunches of people here and there to kill Ee-ee-toy, and one said: “He is only one, we could kill him ourselves.” And the other one said: “Let us go and kill him, then.”

So the two boys went to Moehahdheck, and found Ee-ee-toy lying asleep, and beat him with their clubs, and killed him, and then came back and told the people of what they had done. Butnone of the people went to see the truth of this and in the morning Ee-ee-toy came again, just as he used to do, and walked around among the people, who said among themselves: “I thought the boys said they had killed him.”

And that same night all the people went to Moehahdheck, and found Ee-ee-toy asleep, and fell upon him and killed him. And there was a pile of wood outside, and they laid him on this and set fire to the wood and burned his flesh. And feeling sure that he was now dead, they went home, but in the morning there he was, walking around, alive again.

And so the people assembled again, and that night, once more, they killed him, and they cut his flesh up into little bits, and put it into a pot, and boiled it, and when it was cooked they threw it all away in different directions. But in the morning he was alive again and the people gave it up for that time.

But after awhile they were planning again how to kill him; and one of them proposed that they all go and tie him with ropes and take him to a high cliff, and push him off, and let him fall. And so they went and did this, but Ee-ee-toy was not hurt at all. He just walked off, when he reached the bottom, and looked up at the people above him.

The next scheme was to drown him. They caught him and led him to a whirlpool, and tied his hands and feet and threw him in. But hecame up in a few minutes, without any ropes on, and looked at the people, and then dived, and so kept on coming up and diving down. And the people, seeing they could not drown him, went home once more.

Then Nooee called the people together and said: “It is of no use for you to try to kill Ee-ee-toy, for you cannot kill him. He is too powerful for men to kill. He has power over the winds, and all the animals, and he knows all that is going on in the mountains, and in the sky. And I have power something like him.”

So Nooee told the people to come in, that evening, to his house. He said: “I will show you part of my power, and I want everyone to see it.”

And Nooee lived not far from where Ee-ee-toy did, south of the Moehahdheck mountain, at a place calledNooee Vahahkkee, and that was where he invited the people to come.

And so, when the people assembled at Nooee Vahahkkee, Nooee made earth in his habitation, and mountains on it, and all things on it, in little as we say, so that the people could see his power; for JuhwertaMahkaihad made him to have power, tho he had not cared to use it. And he made a little world in his house for them to look at, with sun, moon and stars working just as our sun and stars work; and everything exactly like our world.

And when night came, Nooee pushed the darkness back with his hands, and spread it on the walls, so that the people could see his little worldand how it worked. And he was there four days and four nights, showing this wonder to the people.

And after this Nooee flew up thru the openings in the roof of his house, and sat there, and saw the sun rise. And as soon as the sun rose Nooee flew towards it, and flew up and up, higher and higher, until he could see Ee-ee-toy’s heart. And he wore a nose ring, as all the brave people did, a nose ring of turquoise. But from his high view he saw that everything looked green and so he knew he could not killEe-ee-toythat day.

And the next day he did the same thing, only he wore a new nose-ring, made of a sparkling shell. And when he got up highenufto see Ee-ee-toy’s heart he saw that the ground looked dry, and he was very much pleased, for he knew that now he would, someday, kill Ee-ee-toy. And he went home.

And the third morning Nooee again put on his nose ring of glittering shell, and flew up to meet the Sun, and he flew up and up until he came to the sun himself. And Nooee said to the Sun: “You know there is a Person, on earth, called Ee-ee-toy, who is very bad, and I want to kill him, and I want your help, and this is the reason I come to you.”

And Nooee said to the Sun: “Now you go back, and let me shine in your place, and I will give just as much light as you do, but let mehave yourvi-no-me-gaht, your gun, to shoot with, when I get around to your home.” And the Sun said: “Moe-vah Sop-hwah, that is all right. But I always go down over yonder mountain, and when you get to that mountain just stop and look back, and see how the world looks.”

And Nooee took the Sun’s place, and went down, that evening, over the mountain, stopping, as he was told, to see how wonderful the world looked; and when he came to the Sun’s home, the sun gave him the weapon he shot with.

And the next morning Nooee rose in place of the Sun, and after rising a little he shot at the earth, and it became very hot. And before noon he shot again, and it was still hotter. And Ee-ee-toy knew, now that he was going to be killed, but he tried to use all his power to save himself. He ran around, and came to a pond where there had always been ice, and he jumped in to cool himself, but it was all boiling water.

And when it was nearly noon Nooee shot again, and it became terribly hot, and Ee-ee-toy ran for a rock which had always been cold, but just before he got there the heat made the rock burst.

And he ran to a tree, whose cool shade he often enjoyed, but as he came near it the tree began to burst into flame, and he had to turn back. And now it was noon, and Nooee shot again.

And Ee-ee-toy ran to a great post, all stripedaround with black and white, which had been made by his power, and which had a hollow that was always cool inside, and was about to put his arms around it when he fell down and died.

So Ee-ee-toy was dead, and Nooee went down to his setting, and returned the weapon to the Sun, and then went home to his vahahkkee.

The Song of Nooee when he went to the SunThe Rising (Sun) I am going to meet.(Repeated many times)

The Song of Nooee when he went to the SunThe Rising (Sun) I am going to meet.

The Rising (Sun) I am going to meet.

The Rising (Sun) I am going to meet.

(Repeated many times)

(Repeated many times)

When NooeeKilledEe-ee-toy1(A Song)The gun, he gave it to me as a cane;With it I killed the Brother’s heart.

When NooeeKilledEe-ee-toy1

(A Song)The gun, he gave it to me as a cane;With it I killed the Brother’s heart.

(A Song)

The gun, he gave it to me as a cane;With it I killed the Brother’s heart.

The gun, he gave it to me as a cane;

With it I killed the Brother’s heart.

Notes on how Nooee Killed Ee-ee-toyThe hot arrows of Ee-ee-toy, that withered the crops, remind us of Apollo.The idea often comes up in these stories that a person possessing the powers of a mahkai was hard to kill, having as many lives as a cat. It would also appear that there was a confusion as to what constituted killing, anyway.They perhaps regarded mere unconsciousness as death.Both Ee-ee-toy and Nooee are “killed,” but after an interval are alive again. And Whittemore relates: “An Apache, seeing Louis, the Pima interpreter, came to him in high glee. Taking his hand, he said: ‘You are the Pima who killed me years ago.’ Louis then recognized him as the man to whom he had dealt a heavy blow with a warclub, and then left him for dead on the battle-field.”Is there any connection between the the fact that when Nooee wore a nose-ring of turquoise the earth looked green, and that when he wore a nose-ring of glittering shell the earth looked dry to him?Could this whole story have been a myth of some great drouth?

Notes on how Nooee Killed Ee-ee-toy

The hot arrows of Ee-ee-toy, that withered the crops, remind us of Apollo.The idea often comes up in these stories that a person possessing the powers of a mahkai was hard to kill, having as many lives as a cat. It would also appear that there was a confusion as to what constituted killing, anyway.They perhaps regarded mere unconsciousness as death.Both Ee-ee-toy and Nooee are “killed,” but after an interval are alive again. And Whittemore relates: “An Apache, seeing Louis, the Pima interpreter, came to him in high glee. Taking his hand, he said: ‘You are the Pima who killed me years ago.’ Louis then recognized him as the man to whom he had dealt a heavy blow with a warclub, and then left him for dead on the battle-field.”Is there any connection between the the fact that when Nooee wore a nose-ring of turquoise the earth looked green, and that when he wore a nose-ring of glittering shell the earth looked dry to him?Could this whole story have been a myth of some great drouth?

The hot arrows of Ee-ee-toy, that withered the crops, remind us of Apollo.

The idea often comes up in these stories that a person possessing the powers of a mahkai was hard to kill, having as many lives as a cat. It would also appear that there was a confusion as to what constituted killing, anyway.They perhaps regarded mere unconsciousness as death.Both Ee-ee-toy and Nooee are “killed,” but after an interval are alive again. And Whittemore relates: “An Apache, seeing Louis, the Pima interpreter, came to him in high glee. Taking his hand, he said: ‘You are the Pima who killed me years ago.’ Louis then recognized him as the man to whom he had dealt a heavy blow with a warclub, and then left him for dead on the battle-field.”

Is there any connection between the the fact that when Nooee wore a nose-ring of turquoise the earth looked green, and that when he wore a nose-ring of glittering shell the earth looked dry to him?

Could this whole story have been a myth of some great drouth?

1The reference to the “gun” shows clearly that this song was made after the advent of the white man.

1The reference to the “gun” shows clearly that this song was made after the advent of the white man.

Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection and Speech to Juhwerta MahkaiAnd after Ee-ee-toy was dead he lay there, as some say for four months, and some say for four years.He was killed,but his winds were not killed, nor his clouds and they were sorry for him, and his clouds rained on him.And he lay there so long that the little children played on him, jumping from him.But at last he began to come to life again, holding down the ground—as a wounded man does, moaning, and there was thunder, and an earthquake.And Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai’s daughter was grinding corn when this happened, and the corn rolled in the basket, and she said: “How is it that it thunders when there are no clouds, none to be seen, and that the corn rolls in the basket?”And her father said: “You may think this is only thunder, but I tell you wonderful things are going to happen.”Ee-ee-toy, when he got a little stronger, picked up some stones and examined them, and threw them away. He did this four times, throwing away the stones each time, not liking any of them. And the children went there to play, and found him alive, and asked each other: “Why is that old man doing that, picking up stones, and throwing them away, and picking up more?”And he began then to cut up all kinds of sticks, four at a time, and to lay them down and look at them, but he liked none of them. Then he cut arrow weeds, four of them, and he liked their look. And he lit his pipe and blew the smoke over them, and spread his hand above them, and he liked the light of them which came thru his fingers.And he put those sticks away in his pouch. And then he rose and took a few steps, and began to walk. And all his springs of water had been dried up while he was dead, but when he walked the earth again they gushed forth, and he dipped his fingers in them and stroked his wet fingers over his breast and he did the same to the trees.And he went on and came to the cliff, where Vandaih once was, and he did the same to it, putting his hand to it and rubbing it. And he went to see the Sun.He came to where the Sun starts, but the Sun was not there, but he could see the road the Sun takes, and he followed it. And that road was fringed with beautiful feathers and flowers and turquoises.And he came to the tree which is called The Talking Tree. And the Tree took of its bark thin strips, which curled as owlfeathersdo when split, and tied them on a little stick, and put them in Ee-ee-toy’s hair. And it gave him four sticks, made from that one of its branches which dippedto the south. And from its middle branch it made him a war club, and from a gall, orexcrescence, which grew on its limb, it made him avah-quah,or canteen.After that he went along the beautiful fringed road which the Sun travels, and came to the place where the Sun drinks. And he took a drink there himself, putting his knee in the spot where the Sun’s knee-print is, and his hand where the Sun rests his hand. And in the clear water he saw a stone like the Doctors’ Stone, somewhat, but of the color of slate, with a zigzag pattern around it. And he took his four arrow-weeds and placed them under this stone and left them there.And he went on, and went down where the Sun goes down. And he went to see Juhwerta Mahkai, to the place where he lived with his people, those who sank thru the earth before the flood.And when Ee-ee-toy came to where Juhwerta Mahkai was, he said to him:—“There was an Older Brother, and his people were against him;And he had made an earth that was like your earth;And he had made mountains that were like your mountains;And he had made springs of water, like yours, that were satisfactory;And he made trees like yours, and everything that he made worked well.And they shot him till he bounced, four times on the open ground;And threw him with his face to the earth.And he lay there, dead, but when he came to life he used the strength of his right arm and rose up.But things were changed, and looked different from the old times.He examined the sticks, but none suited him;He eyed along the river, that green snake, which he had made, and found the sticks that pleased him.And he cut those arrow-weeds, he found there, into four pieces, and blew the smoke over them.And out of them came sparks of light, that almost reached the Opposite World, the World of the Enemy, where things are different.And when he saw the light from the sticks he smiled within himself;He was so pleased he had found the sticks that suited him.And he brought the Black Fog from the West, and stroked the sticks with it, and so finished them,And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Fog, and stroked the sticks with it, and finished them;And from the East he brought the Fog of Light, and stroked the sticks with it and finished them;And from Above brought the Green Fog, and put it in hiding, and there secretly stroked the sticks with it, and finished them;From the West he brought the Black Snake, which he had made, and bound the sticks together, and finished them.And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Snake, and bound the sticks together, and finished them;From the East he brought the Snake of Light, and bound the sticks together, and finished them;And from Above he brought the Green Snake, and bound them together and finished them.And then he rose up, and with the first step he stepped on the great doctors of the earth and sank them down;The next step he stepped on the Speaker, and sank him down;The next step he stepped on the Slayer, and sank him down;And the next step he stepped on the rushing young maid who gathers the fruit to feed the family, and sank her down.And then he sank down himself, and walked under the earth’s crust a little way, and then came out and found the Light’s Road, his own proper way, and walked in it.Where he found his springs of water, which he had made, with their green moss growing, and dipped his hand in them and moistened his heart;And every mountain he came to, which he had made, he entered and there he cooled his heart;And rested his hand on every tree he had made, and so freshened his heart;And came like a ghost to the place, the cliff, where he had killed the man-eagle, and sat there.And there was Someone there, whom he did not know, who asked him what he wanted, coming there like a ghost;Who said: ‘I told you that you would be against my people and the earth!’And from there he went to the East and strengthened himself four times;When he arrived at where the Sun arises;Where he came to the four notches which the Sun uses when he is rising.And where the Sun steps it is full of wind;And where the Sun puts his hands it is full of wind.In spite of that he climbed the way, the way in which the Sun rises.And he went Westward, stopping and taking his breath four times;Even at the fourth time, still going, still breathing westward.It was the west-bound road he followed, the road adorned with all beautiful fringes;Fringes of soft feathers, and large feathers; and flowers made from beautiful trees, and turquoises.And he went along this road, pulling all the fringes, and whenever he came to the doctors, tossing them up in the air.And there he came toNee-yaw-kee-tom Oas, The Talking Tree;And he came to it like a ghost, and fell down on his knees toward it;And the Tree asked him why he came like a ghost, and what he wanted:—‘I have told you that some day you would be the enemy to my people and to the earth.’There the Tree pulled off its bark and stuck it in his head, like split owl feathers;And it was its middle branch which it cut down in fine shape for a club and slipped under his belt;And it was a nut-gall from its limbs which it made into a canteen for him.And these two together it slipped under his belt.And it was the branch toward the ocean which it broke into four pieces, equally, and handed to him.And from thence he travelled on, on the Middle Road, and where there were beautiful fringes he examined them as he went along.And from the Middle Road he could see the road on either side, the Road of the Enemy.And it was among the fringes, where he was pulling the flowers made from sticks, that he reached the Speaker and tossed him, too.And there he reached the place where the Sun drinks.And tho the print of the Sun’s knee was full of wind, and the print of his hand full of wind,there he knelt and drank as the Sun drinks.And there, in the clear water, he found the Doctor’s stone, theDab-nam-hawteh, which is square, and there, under it, left the arrow-weeds.And he started on from thence and went to the Sunset Place.Going down as the Sun goes down, and slid down from there four times, to the home of Juhwerta Mahkai.When he sat down there a strong wind came from the West and carried him to the East and brought him back and sat him down again;And from Above a strong wind came and tossed him up toward the sky, and returned him back and sat him down again.And the Black Gopher, his pet from the West, was rolling over;And the Blue Gopher, his pet from the South, was rolling over;And the Gopher of Light, his pet from the East, was rolling over;And the Yellow Gopher, his pet from the North, was rolling over;Because of their trouble about him.”And Juwerta Mahkai picked up Ee-ee-toy like a baby, and held him in his arms, and swept the ground, and set him down upon it.And blew smoke over him, till he felt refreshed like a green tree.One kind of smoke was the ghost-smoke, which he blew over him;And the other kind was the smoke of the root calledbah-wiss-dhack.And there they built theO-numof Light:Which means the circle of those great ones around the fire.And thence they sent the Gray Owl, to go around the enemy and breathe over them.Who, when they heard him, were shaking with fear;A fear that pulled out their thoughts so that they knew nothing and were weak in arms and legs,And they could not remember their dreams, and their skins became like the skins of sick people;And their lice became many, and their hair became coarse, and their eyes became sore.And they chose the little Blue Owl and sent him to the enemy, and he breathed over them.And he was invisible because of his blue darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.And they selected a Green Road Runner, and sent him to breathe over them.And the people could not see him because of his green darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.And they selected the small Gray Night Hawk;And he blew a gray dust all thru the enemy’s houses and swept their ground.And their springs of water were left dry,chokedwith driftwood and covered with cobwebs.And theirkees, their houses, were full of soot, and their trails like old trails;And after that the fresh foot-tracks could be seen—And they went out and found the enemy by his fresh tracks and captured him, for he had no weapons.And from the sending out of the birds, even to the end, all this is a prophecy.Notes on Ee-ee-toy’s ResurrectionThe Story of Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection is perhaps the most poetic in the series, and the opening picture of him lying on the ground, lifeless, with the elements lamenting over him and the little children playing on him, might challenge the genius of a great artist.It is particularly rich in the mystical element also.I confess that I am not very confident of my rendering of those of the opening sentences of Ee-ee-toy’s speech between “And he had made an earth” and the statement “And they shot him,” etc. My Indians seemed to get hopelessly tangled over archaic words and other impediments here and not at all sure of what they told me. The rest I think is correct.Here we came to the mystic colors of the four quarters, North, South, East and West and of the zenith, the Above, which the Pimas reckoned evidently as a cardinal point. If their mystic power was derived from the cardinal points, might not their inclusion of the zenith make five also sometimes a mystic number? I think that it perhaps was.Brinton says that among the Mayas of Yucatan, East is Red, West is Black, North is White and South is Yellow.The Speaker: It was customary in the villages of the Awawtam for some individual, perhaps a chief, or a mahkai, or some representative of these, to mount on a kee, or other high place, and in a loud voice shout news, orders, advice, or other important matters to the people. This was the Speaker, a sort of town crier.To step on the rushing young maid who gathered the cactus fruit was a blow at the enemy’s subsistence.It seems to have been a custom among the mahkais to have pet animals to assist them in their magic.A circle of bushes, stood up in the earth, forming a screen for shelter or privacy, was called an onum. One or more may be found near almost any Pima hut.To work witchcraft on a foe, so that he be left weaponless and helpless, and off his guard against attack, seems to have been the favorite dream of whoso went to war. Treachery was idolized. There was no notion of a fair fight.Stories of mythical beings who, tho repeatedly killed, persist in coming to life again, are common among many Indian tribes.

Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection and Speech to Juhwerta Mahkai

And after Ee-ee-toy was dead he lay there, as some say for four months, and some say for four years.He was killed,but his winds were not killed, nor his clouds and they were sorry for him, and his clouds rained on him.And he lay there so long that the little children played on him, jumping from him.But at last he began to come to life again, holding down the ground—as a wounded man does, moaning, and there was thunder, and an earthquake.And Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai’s daughter was grinding corn when this happened, and the corn rolled in the basket, and she said: “How is it that it thunders when there are no clouds, none to be seen, and that the corn rolls in the basket?”And her father said: “You may think this is only thunder, but I tell you wonderful things are going to happen.”Ee-ee-toy, when he got a little stronger, picked up some stones and examined them, and threw them away. He did this four times, throwing away the stones each time, not liking any of them. And the children went there to play, and found him alive, and asked each other: “Why is that old man doing that, picking up stones, and throwing them away, and picking up more?”And he began then to cut up all kinds of sticks, four at a time, and to lay them down and look at them, but he liked none of them. Then he cut arrow weeds, four of them, and he liked their look. And he lit his pipe and blew the smoke over them, and spread his hand above them, and he liked the light of them which came thru his fingers.And he put those sticks away in his pouch. And then he rose and took a few steps, and began to walk. And all his springs of water had been dried up while he was dead, but when he walked the earth again they gushed forth, and he dipped his fingers in them and stroked his wet fingers over his breast and he did the same to the trees.And he went on and came to the cliff, where Vandaih once was, and he did the same to it, putting his hand to it and rubbing it. And he went to see the Sun.He came to where the Sun starts, but the Sun was not there, but he could see the road the Sun takes, and he followed it. And that road was fringed with beautiful feathers and flowers and turquoises.And he came to the tree which is called The Talking Tree. And the Tree took of its bark thin strips, which curled as owlfeathersdo when split, and tied them on a little stick, and put them in Ee-ee-toy’s hair. And it gave him four sticks, made from that one of its branches which dippedto the south. And from its middle branch it made him a war club, and from a gall, orexcrescence, which grew on its limb, it made him avah-quah,or canteen.After that he went along the beautiful fringed road which the Sun travels, and came to the place where the Sun drinks. And he took a drink there himself, putting his knee in the spot where the Sun’s knee-print is, and his hand where the Sun rests his hand. And in the clear water he saw a stone like the Doctors’ Stone, somewhat, but of the color of slate, with a zigzag pattern around it. And he took his four arrow-weeds and placed them under this stone and left them there.And he went on, and went down where the Sun goes down. And he went to see Juhwerta Mahkai, to the place where he lived with his people, those who sank thru the earth before the flood.And when Ee-ee-toy came to where Juhwerta Mahkai was, he said to him:—“There was an Older Brother, and his people were against him;And he had made an earth that was like your earth;And he had made mountains that were like your mountains;And he had made springs of water, like yours, that were satisfactory;And he made trees like yours, and everything that he made worked well.And they shot him till he bounced, four times on the open ground;And threw him with his face to the earth.And he lay there, dead, but when he came to life he used the strength of his right arm and rose up.But things were changed, and looked different from the old times.He examined the sticks, but none suited him;He eyed along the river, that green snake, which he had made, and found the sticks that pleased him.And he cut those arrow-weeds, he found there, into four pieces, and blew the smoke over them.And out of them came sparks of light, that almost reached the Opposite World, the World of the Enemy, where things are different.And when he saw the light from the sticks he smiled within himself;He was so pleased he had found the sticks that suited him.And he brought the Black Fog from the West, and stroked the sticks with it, and so finished them,And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Fog, and stroked the sticks with it, and finished them;And from the East he brought the Fog of Light, and stroked the sticks with it and finished them;And from Above brought the Green Fog, and put it in hiding, and there secretly stroked the sticks with it, and finished them;From the West he brought the Black Snake, which he had made, and bound the sticks together, and finished them.And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Snake, and bound the sticks together, and finished them;From the East he brought the Snake of Light, and bound the sticks together, and finished them;And from Above he brought the Green Snake, and bound them together and finished them.And then he rose up, and with the first step he stepped on the great doctors of the earth and sank them down;The next step he stepped on the Speaker, and sank him down;The next step he stepped on the Slayer, and sank him down;And the next step he stepped on the rushing young maid who gathers the fruit to feed the family, and sank her down.And then he sank down himself, and walked under the earth’s crust a little way, and then came out and found the Light’s Road, his own proper way, and walked in it.Where he found his springs of water, which he had made, with their green moss growing, and dipped his hand in them and moistened his heart;And every mountain he came to, which he had made, he entered and there he cooled his heart;And rested his hand on every tree he had made, and so freshened his heart;And came like a ghost to the place, the cliff, where he had killed the man-eagle, and sat there.And there was Someone there, whom he did not know, who asked him what he wanted, coming there like a ghost;Who said: ‘I told you that you would be against my people and the earth!’And from there he went to the East and strengthened himself four times;When he arrived at where the Sun arises;Where he came to the four notches which the Sun uses when he is rising.And where the Sun steps it is full of wind;And where the Sun puts his hands it is full of wind.In spite of that he climbed the way, the way in which the Sun rises.And he went Westward, stopping and taking his breath four times;Even at the fourth time, still going, still breathing westward.It was the west-bound road he followed, the road adorned with all beautiful fringes;Fringes of soft feathers, and large feathers; and flowers made from beautiful trees, and turquoises.And he went along this road, pulling all the fringes, and whenever he came to the doctors, tossing them up in the air.And there he came toNee-yaw-kee-tom Oas, The Talking Tree;And he came to it like a ghost, and fell down on his knees toward it;And the Tree asked him why he came like a ghost, and what he wanted:—‘I have told you that some day you would be the enemy to my people and to the earth.’There the Tree pulled off its bark and stuck it in his head, like split owl feathers;And it was its middle branch which it cut down in fine shape for a club and slipped under his belt;And it was a nut-gall from its limbs which it made into a canteen for him.And these two together it slipped under his belt.And it was the branch toward the ocean which it broke into four pieces, equally, and handed to him.And from thence he travelled on, on the Middle Road, and where there were beautiful fringes he examined them as he went along.And from the Middle Road he could see the road on either side, the Road of the Enemy.And it was among the fringes, where he was pulling the flowers made from sticks, that he reached the Speaker and tossed him, too.And there he reached the place where the Sun drinks.And tho the print of the Sun’s knee was full of wind, and the print of his hand full of wind,there he knelt and drank as the Sun drinks.And there, in the clear water, he found the Doctor’s stone, theDab-nam-hawteh, which is square, and there, under it, left the arrow-weeds.And he started on from thence and went to the Sunset Place.Going down as the Sun goes down, and slid down from there four times, to the home of Juhwerta Mahkai.When he sat down there a strong wind came from the West and carried him to the East and brought him back and sat him down again;And from Above a strong wind came and tossed him up toward the sky, and returned him back and sat him down again.And the Black Gopher, his pet from the West, was rolling over;And the Blue Gopher, his pet from the South, was rolling over;And the Gopher of Light, his pet from the East, was rolling over;And the Yellow Gopher, his pet from the North, was rolling over;Because of their trouble about him.”And Juwerta Mahkai picked up Ee-ee-toy like a baby, and held him in his arms, and swept the ground, and set him down upon it.And blew smoke over him, till he felt refreshed like a green tree.One kind of smoke was the ghost-smoke, which he blew over him;And the other kind was the smoke of the root calledbah-wiss-dhack.And there they built theO-numof Light:Which means the circle of those great ones around the fire.And thence they sent the Gray Owl, to go around the enemy and breathe over them.Who, when they heard him, were shaking with fear;A fear that pulled out their thoughts so that they knew nothing and were weak in arms and legs,And they could not remember their dreams, and their skins became like the skins of sick people;And their lice became many, and their hair became coarse, and their eyes became sore.And they chose the little Blue Owl and sent him to the enemy, and he breathed over them.And he was invisible because of his blue darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.And they selected a Green Road Runner, and sent him to breathe over them.And the people could not see him because of his green darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.And they selected the small Gray Night Hawk;And he blew a gray dust all thru the enemy’s houses and swept their ground.And their springs of water were left dry,chokedwith driftwood and covered with cobwebs.And theirkees, their houses, were full of soot, and their trails like old trails;And after that the fresh foot-tracks could be seen—And they went out and found the enemy by his fresh tracks and captured him, for he had no weapons.And from the sending out of the birds, even to the end, all this is a prophecy.Notes on Ee-ee-toy’s ResurrectionThe Story of Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection is perhaps the most poetic in the series, and the opening picture of him lying on the ground, lifeless, with the elements lamenting over him and the little children playing on him, might challenge the genius of a great artist.It is particularly rich in the mystical element also.I confess that I am not very confident of my rendering of those of the opening sentences of Ee-ee-toy’s speech between “And he had made an earth” and the statement “And they shot him,” etc. My Indians seemed to get hopelessly tangled over archaic words and other impediments here and not at all sure of what they told me. The rest I think is correct.Here we came to the mystic colors of the four quarters, North, South, East and West and of the zenith, the Above, which the Pimas reckoned evidently as a cardinal point. If their mystic power was derived from the cardinal points, might not their inclusion of the zenith make five also sometimes a mystic number? I think that it perhaps was.Brinton says that among the Mayas of Yucatan, East is Red, West is Black, North is White and South is Yellow.The Speaker: It was customary in the villages of the Awawtam for some individual, perhaps a chief, or a mahkai, or some representative of these, to mount on a kee, or other high place, and in a loud voice shout news, orders, advice, or other important matters to the people. This was the Speaker, a sort of town crier.To step on the rushing young maid who gathered the cactus fruit was a blow at the enemy’s subsistence.It seems to have been a custom among the mahkais to have pet animals to assist them in their magic.A circle of bushes, stood up in the earth, forming a screen for shelter or privacy, was called an onum. One or more may be found near almost any Pima hut.To work witchcraft on a foe, so that he be left weaponless and helpless, and off his guard against attack, seems to have been the favorite dream of whoso went to war. Treachery was idolized. There was no notion of a fair fight.Stories of mythical beings who, tho repeatedly killed, persist in coming to life again, are common among many Indian tribes.

And after Ee-ee-toy was dead he lay there, as some say for four months, and some say for four years.He was killed,but his winds were not killed, nor his clouds and they were sorry for him, and his clouds rained on him.

And he lay there so long that the little children played on him, jumping from him.

But at last he began to come to life again, holding down the ground—as a wounded man does, moaning, and there was thunder, and an earthquake.

And Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai’s daughter was grinding corn when this happened, and the corn rolled in the basket, and she said: “How is it that it thunders when there are no clouds, none to be seen, and that the corn rolls in the basket?”

And her father said: “You may think this is only thunder, but I tell you wonderful things are going to happen.”

Ee-ee-toy, when he got a little stronger, picked up some stones and examined them, and threw them away. He did this four times, throwing away the stones each time, not liking any of them. And the children went there to play, and found him alive, and asked each other: “Why is that old man doing that, picking up stones, and throwing them away, and picking up more?”

And he began then to cut up all kinds of sticks, four at a time, and to lay them down and look at them, but he liked none of them. Then he cut arrow weeds, four of them, and he liked their look. And he lit his pipe and blew the smoke over them, and spread his hand above them, and he liked the light of them which came thru his fingers.

And he put those sticks away in his pouch. And then he rose and took a few steps, and began to walk. And all his springs of water had been dried up while he was dead, but when he walked the earth again they gushed forth, and he dipped his fingers in them and stroked his wet fingers over his breast and he did the same to the trees.

And he went on and came to the cliff, where Vandaih once was, and he did the same to it, putting his hand to it and rubbing it. And he went to see the Sun.

He came to where the Sun starts, but the Sun was not there, but he could see the road the Sun takes, and he followed it. And that road was fringed with beautiful feathers and flowers and turquoises.

And he came to the tree which is called The Talking Tree. And the Tree took of its bark thin strips, which curled as owlfeathersdo when split, and tied them on a little stick, and put them in Ee-ee-toy’s hair. And it gave him four sticks, made from that one of its branches which dippedto the south. And from its middle branch it made him a war club, and from a gall, orexcrescence, which grew on its limb, it made him avah-quah,or canteen.

After that he went along the beautiful fringed road which the Sun travels, and came to the place where the Sun drinks. And he took a drink there himself, putting his knee in the spot where the Sun’s knee-print is, and his hand where the Sun rests his hand. And in the clear water he saw a stone like the Doctors’ Stone, somewhat, but of the color of slate, with a zigzag pattern around it. And he took his four arrow-weeds and placed them under this stone and left them there.

And he went on, and went down where the Sun goes down. And he went to see Juhwerta Mahkai, to the place where he lived with his people, those who sank thru the earth before the flood.

And when Ee-ee-toy came to where Juhwerta Mahkai was, he said to him:—

“There was an Older Brother, and his people were against him;And he had made an earth that was like your earth;And he had made mountains that were like your mountains;And he had made springs of water, like yours, that were satisfactory;And he made trees like yours, and everything that he made worked well.And they shot him till he bounced, four times on the open ground;And threw him with his face to the earth.And he lay there, dead, but when he came to life he used the strength of his right arm and rose up.But things were changed, and looked different from the old times.He examined the sticks, but none suited him;He eyed along the river, that green snake, which he had made, and found the sticks that pleased him.And he cut those arrow-weeds, he found there, into four pieces, and blew the smoke over them.And out of them came sparks of light, that almost reached the Opposite World, the World of the Enemy, where things are different.And when he saw the light from the sticks he smiled within himself;He was so pleased he had found the sticks that suited him.And he brought the Black Fog from the West, and stroked the sticks with it, and so finished them,And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Fog, and stroked the sticks with it, and finished them;And from the East he brought the Fog of Light, and stroked the sticks with it and finished them;And from Above brought the Green Fog, and put it in hiding, and there secretly stroked the sticks with it, and finished them;From the West he brought the Black Snake, which he had made, and bound the sticks together, and finished them.And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Snake, and bound the sticks together, and finished them;From the East he brought the Snake of Light, and bound the sticks together, and finished them;And from Above he brought the Green Snake, and bound them together and finished them.And then he rose up, and with the first step he stepped on the great doctors of the earth and sank them down;The next step he stepped on the Speaker, and sank him down;The next step he stepped on the Slayer, and sank him down;And the next step he stepped on the rushing young maid who gathers the fruit to feed the family, and sank her down.And then he sank down himself, and walked under the earth’s crust a little way, and then came out and found the Light’s Road, his own proper way, and walked in it.Where he found his springs of water, which he had made, with their green moss growing, and dipped his hand in them and moistened his heart;And every mountain he came to, which he had made, he entered and there he cooled his heart;And rested his hand on every tree he had made, and so freshened his heart;And came like a ghost to the place, the cliff, where he had killed the man-eagle, and sat there.And there was Someone there, whom he did not know, who asked him what he wanted, coming there like a ghost;Who said: ‘I told you that you would be against my people and the earth!’And from there he went to the East and strengthened himself four times;When he arrived at where the Sun arises;Where he came to the four notches which the Sun uses when he is rising.And where the Sun steps it is full of wind;And where the Sun puts his hands it is full of wind.In spite of that he climbed the way, the way in which the Sun rises.And he went Westward, stopping and taking his breath four times;Even at the fourth time, still going, still breathing westward.It was the west-bound road he followed, the road adorned with all beautiful fringes;Fringes of soft feathers, and large feathers; and flowers made from beautiful trees, and turquoises.And he went along this road, pulling all the fringes, and whenever he came to the doctors, tossing them up in the air.And there he came toNee-yaw-kee-tom Oas, The Talking Tree;And he came to it like a ghost, and fell down on his knees toward it;And the Tree asked him why he came like a ghost, and what he wanted:—‘I have told you that some day you would be the enemy to my people and to the earth.’There the Tree pulled off its bark and stuck it in his head, like split owl feathers;And it was its middle branch which it cut down in fine shape for a club and slipped under his belt;And it was a nut-gall from its limbs which it made into a canteen for him.And these two together it slipped under his belt.And it was the branch toward the ocean which it broke into four pieces, equally, and handed to him.And from thence he travelled on, on the Middle Road, and where there were beautiful fringes he examined them as he went along.And from the Middle Road he could see the road on either side, the Road of the Enemy.And it was among the fringes, where he was pulling the flowers made from sticks, that he reached the Speaker and tossed him, too.And there he reached the place where the Sun drinks.And tho the print of the Sun’s knee was full of wind, and the print of his hand full of wind,there he knelt and drank as the Sun drinks.And there, in the clear water, he found the Doctor’s stone, theDab-nam-hawteh, which is square, and there, under it, left the arrow-weeds.And he started on from thence and went to the Sunset Place.Going down as the Sun goes down, and slid down from there four times, to the home of Juhwerta Mahkai.When he sat down there a strong wind came from the West and carried him to the East and brought him back and sat him down again;And from Above a strong wind came and tossed him up toward the sky, and returned him back and sat him down again.And the Black Gopher, his pet from the West, was rolling over;And the Blue Gopher, his pet from the South, was rolling over;And the Gopher of Light, his pet from the East, was rolling over;And the Yellow Gopher, his pet from the North, was rolling over;Because of their trouble about him.”And Juwerta Mahkai picked up Ee-ee-toy like a baby, and held him in his arms, and swept the ground, and set him down upon it.And blew smoke over him, till he felt refreshed like a green tree.One kind of smoke was the ghost-smoke, which he blew over him;And the other kind was the smoke of the root calledbah-wiss-dhack.And there they built theO-numof Light:Which means the circle of those great ones around the fire.And thence they sent the Gray Owl, to go around the enemy and breathe over them.Who, when they heard him, were shaking with fear;A fear that pulled out their thoughts so that they knew nothing and were weak in arms and legs,And they could not remember their dreams, and their skins became like the skins of sick people;And their lice became many, and their hair became coarse, and their eyes became sore.And they chose the little Blue Owl and sent him to the enemy, and he breathed over them.And he was invisible because of his blue darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.And they selected a Green Road Runner, and sent him to breathe over them.And the people could not see him because of his green darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.And they selected the small Gray Night Hawk;And he blew a gray dust all thru the enemy’s houses and swept their ground.And their springs of water were left dry,chokedwith driftwood and covered with cobwebs.And theirkees, their houses, were full of soot, and their trails like old trails;And after that the fresh foot-tracks could be seen—And they went out and found the enemy by his fresh tracks and captured him, for he had no weapons.And from the sending out of the birds, even to the end, all this is a prophecy.

“There was an Older Brother, and his people were against him;

And he had made an earth that was like your earth;

And he had made mountains that were like your mountains;

And he had made springs of water, like yours, that were satisfactory;

And he made trees like yours, and everything that he made worked well.

And they shot him till he bounced, four times on the open ground;

And threw him with his face to the earth.

And he lay there, dead, but when he came to life he used the strength of his right arm and rose up.

But things were changed, and looked different from the old times.

He examined the sticks, but none suited him;

He eyed along the river, that green snake, which he had made, and found the sticks that pleased him.

And he cut those arrow-weeds, he found there, into four pieces, and blew the smoke over them.

And out of them came sparks of light, that almost reached the Opposite World, the World of the Enemy, where things are different.

And when he saw the light from the sticks he smiled within himself;

He was so pleased he had found the sticks that suited him.

And he brought the Black Fog from the West, and stroked the sticks with it, and so finished them,

And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Fog, and stroked the sticks with it, and finished them;

And from the East he brought the Fog of Light, and stroked the sticks with it and finished them;

And from Above brought the Green Fog, and put it in hiding, and there secretly stroked the sticks with it, and finished them;

From the West he brought the Black Snake, which he had made, and bound the sticks together, and finished them.

And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Snake, and bound the sticks together, and finished them;

From the East he brought the Snake of Light, and bound the sticks together, and finished them;

And from Above he brought the Green Snake, and bound them together and finished them.

And then he rose up, and with the first step he stepped on the great doctors of the earth and sank them down;

The next step he stepped on the Speaker, and sank him down;

The next step he stepped on the Slayer, and sank him down;

And the next step he stepped on the rushing young maid who gathers the fruit to feed the family, and sank her down.

And then he sank down himself, and walked under the earth’s crust a little way, and then came out and found the Light’s Road, his own proper way, and walked in it.

Where he found his springs of water, which he had made, with their green moss growing, and dipped his hand in them and moistened his heart;

And every mountain he came to, which he had made, he entered and there he cooled his heart;

And rested his hand on every tree he had made, and so freshened his heart;

And came like a ghost to the place, the cliff, where he had killed the man-eagle, and sat there.

And there was Someone there, whom he did not know, who asked him what he wanted, coming there like a ghost;

Who said: ‘I told you that you would be against my people and the earth!’

And from there he went to the East and strengthened himself four times;

When he arrived at where the Sun arises;

Where he came to the four notches which the Sun uses when he is rising.

And where the Sun steps it is full of wind;

And where the Sun puts his hands it is full of wind.

In spite of that he climbed the way, the way in which the Sun rises.

And he went Westward, stopping and taking his breath four times;

Even at the fourth time, still going, still breathing westward.

It was the west-bound road he followed, the road adorned with all beautiful fringes;

Fringes of soft feathers, and large feathers; and flowers made from beautiful trees, and turquoises.

And he went along this road, pulling all the fringes, and whenever he came to the doctors, tossing them up in the air.

And there he came toNee-yaw-kee-tom Oas, The Talking Tree;

And he came to it like a ghost, and fell down on his knees toward it;

And the Tree asked him why he came like a ghost, and what he wanted:—

‘I have told you that some day you would be the enemy to my people and to the earth.’

There the Tree pulled off its bark and stuck it in his head, like split owl feathers;

And it was its middle branch which it cut down in fine shape for a club and slipped under his belt;

And it was a nut-gall from its limbs which it made into a canteen for him.

And these two together it slipped under his belt.

And it was the branch toward the ocean which it broke into four pieces, equally, and handed to him.

And from thence he travelled on, on the Middle Road, and where there were beautiful fringes he examined them as he went along.

And from the Middle Road he could see the road on either side, the Road of the Enemy.

And it was among the fringes, where he was pulling the flowers made from sticks, that he reached the Speaker and tossed him, too.

And there he reached the place where the Sun drinks.

And tho the print of the Sun’s knee was full of wind, and the print of his hand full of wind,there he knelt and drank as the Sun drinks.

And there, in the clear water, he found the Doctor’s stone, theDab-nam-hawteh, which is square, and there, under it, left the arrow-weeds.

And he started on from thence and went to the Sunset Place.

Going down as the Sun goes down, and slid down from there four times, to the home of Juhwerta Mahkai.

When he sat down there a strong wind came from the West and carried him to the East and brought him back and sat him down again;

And from Above a strong wind came and tossed him up toward the sky, and returned him back and sat him down again.

And the Black Gopher, his pet from the West, was rolling over;

And the Blue Gopher, his pet from the South, was rolling over;

And the Gopher of Light, his pet from the East, was rolling over;

And the Yellow Gopher, his pet from the North, was rolling over;

Because of their trouble about him.”

And Juwerta Mahkai picked up Ee-ee-toy like a baby, and held him in his arms, and swept the ground, and set him down upon it.

And blew smoke over him, till he felt refreshed like a green tree.

One kind of smoke was the ghost-smoke, which he blew over him;

And the other kind was the smoke of the root calledbah-wiss-dhack.

And there they built theO-numof Light:

Which means the circle of those great ones around the fire.

And thence they sent the Gray Owl, to go around the enemy and breathe over them.

Who, when they heard him, were shaking with fear;

A fear that pulled out their thoughts so that they knew nothing and were weak in arms and legs,

And they could not remember their dreams, and their skins became like the skins of sick people;

And their lice became many, and their hair became coarse, and their eyes became sore.

And they chose the little Blue Owl and sent him to the enemy, and he breathed over them.

And he was invisible because of his blue darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.

And they selected a Green Road Runner, and sent him to breathe over them.

And the people could not see him because of his green darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.

And they selected the small Gray Night Hawk;

And he blew a gray dust all thru the enemy’s houses and swept their ground.

And their springs of water were left dry,chokedwith driftwood and covered with cobwebs.

And theirkees, their houses, were full of soot, and their trails like old trails;

And after that the fresh foot-tracks could be seen—

And they went out and found the enemy by his fresh tracks and captured him, for he had no weapons.

And from the sending out of the birds, even to the end, all this is a prophecy.

Notes on Ee-ee-toy’s ResurrectionThe Story of Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection is perhaps the most poetic in the series, and the opening picture of him lying on the ground, lifeless, with the elements lamenting over him and the little children playing on him, might challenge the genius of a great artist.It is particularly rich in the mystical element also.I confess that I am not very confident of my rendering of those of the opening sentences of Ee-ee-toy’s speech between “And he had made an earth” and the statement “And they shot him,” etc. My Indians seemed to get hopelessly tangled over archaic words and other impediments here and not at all sure of what they told me. The rest I think is correct.Here we came to the mystic colors of the four quarters, North, South, East and West and of the zenith, the Above, which the Pimas reckoned evidently as a cardinal point. If their mystic power was derived from the cardinal points, might not their inclusion of the zenith make five also sometimes a mystic number? I think that it perhaps was.Brinton says that among the Mayas of Yucatan, East is Red, West is Black, North is White and South is Yellow.The Speaker: It was customary in the villages of the Awawtam for some individual, perhaps a chief, or a mahkai, or some representative of these, to mount on a kee, or other high place, and in a loud voice shout news, orders, advice, or other important matters to the people. This was the Speaker, a sort of town crier.To step on the rushing young maid who gathered the cactus fruit was a blow at the enemy’s subsistence.It seems to have been a custom among the mahkais to have pet animals to assist them in their magic.A circle of bushes, stood up in the earth, forming a screen for shelter or privacy, was called an onum. One or more may be found near almost any Pima hut.To work witchcraft on a foe, so that he be left weaponless and helpless, and off his guard against attack, seems to have been the favorite dream of whoso went to war. Treachery was idolized. There was no notion of a fair fight.Stories of mythical beings who, tho repeatedly killed, persist in coming to life again, are common among many Indian tribes.

Notes on Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection

The Story of Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection is perhaps the most poetic in the series, and the opening picture of him lying on the ground, lifeless, with the elements lamenting over him and the little children playing on him, might challenge the genius of a great artist.It is particularly rich in the mystical element also.I confess that I am not very confident of my rendering of those of the opening sentences of Ee-ee-toy’s speech between “And he had made an earth” and the statement “And they shot him,” etc. My Indians seemed to get hopelessly tangled over archaic words and other impediments here and not at all sure of what they told me. The rest I think is correct.Here we came to the mystic colors of the four quarters, North, South, East and West and of the zenith, the Above, which the Pimas reckoned evidently as a cardinal point. If their mystic power was derived from the cardinal points, might not their inclusion of the zenith make five also sometimes a mystic number? I think that it perhaps was.Brinton says that among the Mayas of Yucatan, East is Red, West is Black, North is White and South is Yellow.The Speaker: It was customary in the villages of the Awawtam for some individual, perhaps a chief, or a mahkai, or some representative of these, to mount on a kee, or other high place, and in a loud voice shout news, orders, advice, or other important matters to the people. This was the Speaker, a sort of town crier.To step on the rushing young maid who gathered the cactus fruit was a blow at the enemy’s subsistence.It seems to have been a custom among the mahkais to have pet animals to assist them in their magic.A circle of bushes, stood up in the earth, forming a screen for shelter or privacy, was called an onum. One or more may be found near almost any Pima hut.To work witchcraft on a foe, so that he be left weaponless and helpless, and off his guard against attack, seems to have been the favorite dream of whoso went to war. Treachery was idolized. There was no notion of a fair fight.Stories of mythical beings who, tho repeatedly killed, persist in coming to life again, are common among many Indian tribes.

The Story of Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection is perhaps the most poetic in the series, and the opening picture of him lying on the ground, lifeless, with the elements lamenting over him and the little children playing on him, might challenge the genius of a great artist.

It is particularly rich in the mystical element also.

I confess that I am not very confident of my rendering of those of the opening sentences of Ee-ee-toy’s speech between “And he had made an earth” and the statement “And they shot him,” etc. My Indians seemed to get hopelessly tangled over archaic words and other impediments here and not at all sure of what they told me. The rest I think is correct.

Here we came to the mystic colors of the four quarters, North, South, East and West and of the zenith, the Above, which the Pimas reckoned evidently as a cardinal point. If their mystic power was derived from the cardinal points, might not their inclusion of the zenith make five also sometimes a mystic number? I think that it perhaps was.

Brinton says that among the Mayas of Yucatan, East is Red, West is Black, North is White and South is Yellow.

The Speaker: It was customary in the villages of the Awawtam for some individual, perhaps a chief, or a mahkai, or some representative of these, to mount on a kee, or other high place, and in a loud voice shout news, orders, advice, or other important matters to the people. This was the Speaker, a sort of town crier.

To step on the rushing young maid who gathered the cactus fruit was a blow at the enemy’s subsistence.

It seems to have been a custom among the mahkais to have pet animals to assist them in their magic.

A circle of bushes, stood up in the earth, forming a screen for shelter or privacy, was called an onum. One or more may be found near almost any Pima hut.

To work witchcraft on a foe, so that he be left weaponless and helpless, and off his guard against attack, seems to have been the favorite dream of whoso went to war. Treachery was idolized. There was no notion of a fair fight.

Stories of mythical beings who, tho repeatedly killed, persist in coming to life again, are common among many Indian tribes.

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