[18]
Ibid.,p. 42.
Ibid.,p. 42.
[19]
Ibid.,pp. 48-49.
Ibid.,pp. 48-49.
[20]
Ibid.,pp. 395, 435.
Ibid.,pp. 395, 435.
[21]
Locomotive Firemen's Magazine, Vol. 14, p. 998.
Locomotive Firemen's Magazine, Vol. 14, p. 998.
[22]
Ibid.,Vol. 14, p. 998.
Ibid.,Vol. 14, p. 998.
[23]
Ibid.,Vol. 13, p. 247; Vol. 24, p. 195.
Ibid.,Vol. 13, p. 247; Vol. 24, p. 195.
[24]
Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Convention, 1905 (Cleveland, n.d.), p. 121.
Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Convention, 1905 (Cleveland, n.d.), p. 121.
[25]
Trainmen's Journal, Vol. 23, p. 100.
Trainmen's Journal, Vol. 23, p. 100.
[26]
Constitution, 1903 (St. Louis, n.d.), pp. 5, 7.
Constitution, 1903 (St. Louis, n.d.), pp. 5, 7.
[27]
The Railroad Telegrapher, Vol. 21, p. 292.
The Railroad Telegrapher, Vol. 21, p. 292.
[28]
Vol. 6, p. 310.
Vol. 6, p. 310.
[29]
Vol. 14, p. 880.
Vol. 14, p. 880.
[30]
Switchmen's Journal, Vol. 2, p. 247.
Switchmen's Journal, Vol. 2, p. 247.
[31]
Switchmen's Journal, Vol. 1, p. 244.
Switchmen's Journal, Vol. 1, p. 244.
[32]
Advance Advocate, Vol. 7, p. 106.
Advance Advocate, Vol. 7, p. 106.
[33]
Constitution, 1904 (Washington, 1904), p. 3.
Constitution, 1904 (Washington, 1904), p. 3.
[34]
The Postal Record, Vol. 4, pp. 8, 118, 119.
The Postal Record, Vol. 4, pp. 8, 118, 119.
[35]
Ibid., Vol. 5, p. 528.
Ibid., Vol. 5, p. 528.
[36]
Proceedings of the Order of Railway Conductors of America, 1868-1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 207.
Proceedings of the Order of Railway Conductors of America, 1868-1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 207.
[37]
Ibid., p. 21.
Ibid., p. 21.
[38]
Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Convention, 1905 (Cleveland, n.d.); Report of Secretary-Treasurer, p. 124.
Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Convention, 1905 (Cleveland, n.d.); Report of Secretary-Treasurer, p. 124.
[39]
Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Convention, 1905 (Cleveland, n.d.), pp. 65-66.
Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Convention, 1905 (Cleveland, n.d.), pp. 65-66.
[40]
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 1, p. 9.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 1, p. 9.
[41]
Constitution, 1869, in Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 4, p. 31.
Constitution, 1869, in Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 4, p. 31.
[42]
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 5, p. 11; Vol. 7, pp. 28, 60.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 5, p. 11; Vol. 7, pp. 28, 60.
[43]
Ibid., Vol. 7, pp. 28-60; Vol. 11, p. 78; Constitution, 1884 (Cleveland, 1884).
Ibid., Vol. 7, pp. 28-60; Vol. 11, p. 78; Constitution, 1884 (Cleveland, 1884).
[44]
Proceedings of the Order of Railway Conductors of America, 1868-1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 19.
Proceedings of the Order of Railway Conductors of America, 1868-1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 19.
[45]
Constitution, 1903 (St. Louis, ii. d.), p. 106.
Constitution, 1903 (St. Louis, ii. d.), p. 106.
[46]
The Postal Record, Vol. 15, pp. 235, 254-257.
The Postal Record, Vol. 15, pp. 235, 254-257.
[47]
The Postal Record, Vol. 15, p. 301.
The Postal Record, Vol. 15, p. 301.
[48]
Ibid., Vol. 17, p. 6.
Ibid., Vol. 17, p. 6.
[49]
Ibid., Vol. 15, p. 302.
Ibid., Vol. 15, p. 302.
[50]
The Postal Record, Vol. 17, p. 6.
The Postal Record, Vol. 17, p. 6.
[51]
Ibid., Vol. 19, p. 7.
Ibid., Vol. 19, p. 7.
[52]
Ibid., Vol. 16, p. 237.
Ibid., Vol. 16, p. 237.
[53]
Ibid., Vol. 18, p. 215.
Ibid., Vol. 18, p. 215.
[54]
Ibid., Vol. 18, pp. 214-215.
Ibid., Vol. 18, pp. 214-215.
[55]
Constitution of Retirement Association, 1905, Art. 7; Postal Record, Vol. 19, pp. 2-6.
Constitution of Retirement Association, 1905, Art. 7; Postal Record, Vol. 19, pp. 2-6.
[56]
The Postal Record, Vol. 19, p. 2.
The Postal Record, Vol. 19, p. 2.
[57]
Ibid., Vol. 17, p. 11.
Ibid., Vol. 17, p. 11.
[58]
The Postal Record, Vol. 17, p. 6.
The Postal Record, Vol. 17, p. 6.
[59]
Constitution 1905, Art. 12, in The Postal Record, Vol. 19, pp. 2-6.
Constitution 1905, Art. 12, in The Postal Record, Vol. 19, pp. 2-6.
[60]
The Postal Record, Vol. 18, pp. 220-222.
The Postal Record, Vol. 18, pp. 220-222.
[61]
The Postal Record, Vol. 19, p. 6.
The Postal Record, Vol. 19, p. 6.
[62]
Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Session of the Order of Railway Conductors of America, 1887 (n.p., n.d.), p. 69.
Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Session of the Order of Railway Conductors of America, 1887 (n.p., n.d.), p. 69.
[63]
Constitution, 1899 (Cleveland, 1898), Art. 28.
Constitution, 1899 (Cleveland, 1898), Art. 28.
[64]
Constitution of the Letter Carriers of the United States, 1905, Art. 13, in The Postal Record, Vol. 19, No. 1, p. 3.
Constitution of the Letter Carriers of the United States, 1905, Art. 13, in The Postal Record, Vol. 19, No. 1, p. 3.
[65]
Constitution of the Locomotive Engineers, 1869, in Journal, Vol. 4, p. 31; Proceedings of the Railway Conductors, 1868-1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 119; Locomotive Firemen's Magazine, Vol. 21, p. 181.
Constitution of the Locomotive Engineers, 1869, in Journal, Vol. 4, p. 31; Proceedings of the Railway Conductors, 1868-1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 119; Locomotive Firemen's Magazine, Vol. 21, p. 181.
[66]
Proceedings of the Eighteenth Convention, 1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 754; The Railway Conductor, Vol. 4, p. 188.
Proceedings of the Eighteenth Convention, 1885 (Cedar Rapids, 1888), p. 754; The Railway Conductor, Vol. 4, p. 188.
[67]
Constitutions for the several years. Reference is made to the Trackmen's Constitution, 1893 (n.p. n.d.); Proceedings of the Second Annual Convention, 1893, in Advance Advocate, Vol. 2.
Constitutions for the several years. Reference is made to the Trackmen's Constitution, 1893 (n.p. n.d.); Proceedings of the Second Annual Convention, 1893, in Advance Advocate, Vol. 2.
[68]
The Postal Record, Vol. 5, p. 185.
The Postal Record, Vol. 5, p. 185.
[69]
Ibid., Vol. 5, p. 138.
Ibid., Vol. 5, p. 138.
[70]
Constitution, 1886 (Terre Haute, n.d.), sec. 71.
Constitution, 1886 (Terre Haute, n.d.), sec. 71.
[71]
Constitution, 1887, Arts. 12-13, in the Railroad Telegrapher, Vol. 2.
Constitution, 1887, Arts. 12-13, in the Railroad Telegrapher, Vol. 2.
[72]
Constitution, 1888, second edition (Rochester, 1890), p. 38.
Constitution, 1888, second edition (Rochester, 1890), p. 38.
[73]
Constitution, 1894 (Peoria, 1895).
Constitution, 1894 (Peoria, 1895).
[74]
Constitution, 1903 (Pittsburg, 1903), pp. 80, 86.
Constitution, 1903 (Pittsburg, 1903), pp. 80, 86.
[75]
Constitution, 1888 (Terre Haute, 1888), secs. 50, 52, 53.
Constitution, 1888 (Terre Haute, 1888), secs. 50, 52, 53.
[76]
Under a unique system, known as the "Post Mortem Deduction" scheme, the actual value of a certificate of the Letter Carriers' Association at date of issue is fifteen per cent. less than its face value plus the amount of one assessment, and the value of the certificate does not become equal to its face value until the member has paid assessments equal to fifteen per cent. of the face amount (Constitution, 1904, pp. 67-68).
Under a unique system, known as the "Post Mortem Deduction" scheme, the actual value of a certificate of the Letter Carriers' Association at date of issue is fifteen per cent. less than its face value plus the amount of one assessment, and the value of the certificate does not become equal to its face value until the member has paid assessments equal to fifteen per cent. of the face amount (Constitution, 1904, pp. 67-68).
[77]
Report of W.S. Carter, Grand Secretary-Treasurer, June 30,1904.
Report of W.S. Carter, Grand Secretary-Treasurer, June 30,1904.
[78]
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 38, p. 966.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 38, p. 966.
[79]
Postal Record, Vol. 19, p. 10.
Postal Record, Vol. 19, p. 10.
[80]
Locomotive Firemen's Magazine, Vol. 21, p. 181.
Locomotive Firemen's Magazine, Vol. 21, p. 181.
[81]
Advance Advocate, Vol. 5, p. 485.
Advance Advocate, Vol. 5, p. 485.
[82]
Constitution, amended 1902 (Peoria, n.d.), sec. 163.
Constitution, amended 1902 (Peoria, n.d.), sec. 163.
[83]
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 37, p. 446; Vol. 18, p. 654.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 37, p. 446; Vol. 18, p. 654.
[84]
These amounts have been furnished by the grand secretary-treasurers of the several organizations, except those of the Telegraphers and the Maintenance-of-Way Employees, which have been taken from the 1903 constitutions and represent the amount of the regular monthly assessment.
These amounts have been furnished by the grand secretary-treasurers of the several organizations, except those of the Telegraphers and the Maintenance-of-Way Employees, which have been taken from the 1903 constitutions and represent the amount of the regular monthly assessment.
[85]
The letter carriers' rate is that of the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company, the rates of the other classes of employees are those of the Aetna Life Insurance Company.
The letter carriers' rate is that of the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company, the rates of the other classes of employees are those of the Aetna Life Insurance Company.
[86]
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 22, p. 33.
Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 22, p. 33.
[87]
Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Convention of the American Federation of Labor, 1904, p. 46.
Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Convention of the American Federation of Labor, 1904, p. 46.
[88]
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 25, June, 1889; Constitution, 1878 (Cincinnati, 1878), Art. 17.
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 25, June, 1889; Constitution, 1878 (Cincinnati, 1878), Art. 17.
[89]
Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Convention, Milwaukee, 1901; Report of Secretary Launer (Milwaukee, 1901).
Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Convention, Milwaukee, 1901; Report of Secretary Launer (Milwaukee, 1901).
[90]
Constitution, 1878 (Cincinnati, 1878); Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 26, May, 1890, p. 2.
Constitution, 1878 (Cincinnati, 1878); Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 26, May, 1890, p. 2.
[91]
Constitution, 1880 (New York, 1880), Art. 13.
Constitution, 1880 (New York, 1880), Art. 13.
[92]
See page 12.
See page 12.
[93]
Constitution of the Watch Case Engravers' International Association of America, 1901 (New York, n.d.), p. 21; Constitution of the Saw Smiths' Union of North America, 1902 (Indianapolis, n.d.), p. 8.
Constitution of the Watch Case Engravers' International Association of America, 1901 (New York, n.d.), p. 21; Constitution of the Saw Smiths' Union of North America, 1902 (Indianapolis, n.d.), p. 8.
[94]
Iron Molders' Journal, March, 1871.
Iron Molders' Journal, March, 1871.
[95]
Constitution, 1877 (Rockland, 1877), Arts. 1-2.
Constitution, 1877 (Rockland, 1877), Arts. 1-2.
[96]
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 26, May, 1890, p. 2.
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 26, May, 1890, p. 2.
[97]
Constitution, 1884 (Quincy, n.d.), p. 11 ff.
Constitution, 1884 (Quincy, n.d.), p. 11 ff.
[98]
The death benefits established by the Cigar Makers and Iron Molders in 1870 and 1879 were for $40 and $100. The ordinary death benefit in American trade unions is still a sum assumed to be sufficient to inter decently the deceased.
The death benefits established by the Cigar Makers and Iron Molders in 1870 and 1879 were for $40 and $100. The ordinary death benefit in American trade unions is still a sum assumed to be sufficient to inter decently the deceased.
[99]
Constitution, 1903 (Indianapolis, n.d.), secs. 65 and 98.
Constitution, 1903 (Indianapolis, n.d.), secs. 65 and 98.
[100]
Constitution, 1904 (Boston, n.d.), sec. 68.
Constitution, 1904 (Boston, n.d.), sec. 68.
[101]
Constitution, 1904 (La Fayette, n.d.), sec. 133.
Constitution, 1904 (La Fayette, n.d.), sec. 133.
[102]
Those unions that pay a death benefit and make no provision for total or permanent disability are: Bakers' and Confectioners' Union, Barbers' International Union, Cigar Makers, Elastic Goring Weavers' Association, United Garment Workers, Glass Bottle Blowers' Association, Granite Cutters' Association, United Hatters, Hotel and Restaurant Employees, Iron, Steel and Tin Workers' Association, Jewelry Workers' Union, Brotherhood of Leather Workers on Horse Goods, Lithographers' Association, Metal Polishers' Union, Pattern Makers' League, Piano and Organ Workers' Union, Plumbers' Association, Printing Pressmen's Union, Retail Clerks' Association, Saw Smiths' Union, Stone Cutters' Association, Stove Mounters' Union, Street Railway Employees' Association, Tailors' Union, Tobacco Workers' Union, Typographical Union, Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, Watch Case Engravers' Association, Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers' Union.
Those unions that pay a death benefit and make no provision for total or permanent disability are: Bakers' and Confectioners' Union, Barbers' International Union, Cigar Makers, Elastic Goring Weavers' Association, United Garment Workers, Glass Bottle Blowers' Association, Granite Cutters' Association, United Hatters, Hotel and Restaurant Employees, Iron, Steel and Tin Workers' Association, Jewelry Workers' Union, Brotherhood of Leather Workers on Horse Goods, Lithographers' Association, Metal Polishers' Union, Pattern Makers' League, Piano and Organ Workers' Union, Plumbers' Association, Printing Pressmen's Union, Retail Clerks' Association, Saw Smiths' Union, Stone Cutters' Association, Stove Mounters' Union, Street Railway Employees' Association, Tailors' Union, Tobacco Workers' Union, Typographical Union, Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, Watch Case Engravers' Association, Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers' Union.
[103]
Originally, the Granite Cutters paid a disability benefit of five hundred dollars. By 1878 the amount of the disability benefit had been made variable, being raised by an assessment of fifty cents on each member of the Union. About 1884 the disability benefit was abandoned.
Originally, the Granite Cutters paid a disability benefit of five hundred dollars. By 1878 the amount of the disability benefit had been made variable, being raised by an assessment of fifty cents on each member of the Union. About 1884 the disability benefit was abandoned.
[104]
The Cigar Makers retain fifty dollars until the death of the member.
The Cigar Makers retain fifty dollars until the death of the member.
[105]
The Carpenter, Vol. 2, No. 8, p. 5; Vol. 4, August, 1884.
The Carpenter, Vol. 2, No. 8, p. 5; Vol. 4, August, 1884.
[106]
Constitution of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 1888 (n.p., n.d.), p. 10; Constitution, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 18.
Constitution of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 1888 (n.p., n.d.), p. 10; Constitution, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 18.
[107]
Constitution of the Iron Molders' Union of North America, 1878 (Cincinnati, 1878), p. 51.
Constitution of the Iron Molders' Union of North America, 1878 (Cincinnati, 1878), p. 51.
[108]
Constitution of the Granite Cutters' International Association of America, 1877 (Rockland, 1877), p. 27.
Constitution of the Granite Cutters' International Association of America, 1877 (Rockland, 1877), p. 27.
[109]
Constitution, 1882 (Cincinnati, 1882), Art. 17; Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 16, June and August, 1880; Constitution, 1890 (Cincinnati, 1890); Constitution, 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), p. 40.
Constitution, 1882 (Cincinnati, 1882), Art. 17; Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 16, June and August, 1880; Constitution, 1890 (Cincinnati, 1890); Constitution, 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), p. 40.
[110]
Constitution, 1880 (Maplewood, 1880), p. 18.
Constitution, 1880 (Maplewood, 1880), p. 18.
[111]
Constitution, 1886 (n.p., n.d.), p. 11; Constitution, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 19.
Constitution, 1886 (n.p., n.d.), p. 11; Constitution, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 19.
[112]
Constitution, 1900 (Chicago, n.d.), p. 23; Constitution, 1903, p. 11.
Constitution, 1900 (Chicago, n.d.), p. 23; Constitution, 1903, p. 11.
[113]
Constitution of the Amalgamated Wood-Workers' International Union of America, 1905 (Chicago, n.d.), p. 42.
Constitution of the Amalgamated Wood-Workers' International Union of America, 1905 (Chicago, n.d.), p. 42.
[114]
Proceedings of the Twenty-third Convention, American Federation of Labor, 1903 (Washington, 1903), p. 41; Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Convention, American Federation of Labor, 1904 (Washington, 1904), p. 46.
Proceedings of the Twenty-third Convention, American Federation of Labor, 1903 (Washington, 1903), p. 41; Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Convention, American Federation of Labor, 1904 (Washington, 1904), p. 46.
[115]
American Federationist, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 61.
American Federationist, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 61.
[116]
The Carpenter, Vol. 4, August, 1884.
The Carpenter, Vol. 4, August, 1884.
[117]
The Painter, Vol. 1, April, 1887; Vol. 17, p. 529.
The Painter, Vol. 1, April, 1887; Vol. 17, p. 529.
[118]
Constitution of the Cigar Makers' International Union of America, 1887 (Buffalo, 1888), Art. 10.
Constitution of the Cigar Makers' International Union of America, 1887 (Buffalo, 1888), Art. 10.
[119]
The Tailor, Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 16.
The Tailor, Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 16.
[120]
Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Convention (Washington, 1904), p. 46.
Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Convention (Washington, 1904), p. 46.
[121]
An English union with branches in the United States, with a voting strength of fifty in the American Federation of Labor, representing about four thousand members.
An English union with branches in the United States, with a voting strength of fifty in the American Federation of Labor, representing about four thousand members.
[122]
Constitution, 1877 (Rockland, Maine, 1877), p. 30.
Constitution, 1877 (Rockland, Maine, 1877), p. 30.
[123]
Constitution of the Granite Cutters' International Association of America, 1888, Art. 38 (New York, 1888); Constitution, 1897 (Baltimore, n.d.), p. 32.
Constitution of the Granite Cutters' International Association of America, 1888, Art. 38 (New York, 1888); Constitution, 1897 (Baltimore, n.d.), p. 32.
[124]
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 6, Oct., 1880, p. 7.
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 6, Oct., 1880, p. 7.
[125]
Ibid., Vol. 3, Oct., 1877, p. 3.
Ibid., Vol. 3, Oct., 1877, p. 3.
[126]
Ibid., Vol. 5, June, 1879, p. 1; October, 1880, p. 7.
Ibid., Vol. 5, June, 1879, p. 1; October, 1880, p. 7.
[127]
Constitution, 1881 (New York, 1881), Art. 9.
Constitution, 1881 (New York, 1881), Art. 9.
[128]
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 14, August, 1889, pp. 10-11.
Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 14, August, 1889, pp. 10-11.
[129]
25-jährige Geschichte der Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, p. 6; American Federationist, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 60.
25-jährige Geschichte der Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, p. 6; American Federationist, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 60.
[130]
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 1, p. 309.
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 1, p. 309.
[131]
Proceedings of the Twentieth Convention, Chicago, 1895 (Cincinnati, 1895).
Proceedings of the Twentieth Convention, Chicago, 1895 (Cincinnati, 1895).
[132]
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 31, No. 8, p. 3; Proceedings of Twentieth Convention, Chicago, 1895 (Cincinnati, 1895), p. 100.
Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 31, No. 8, p. 3; Proceedings of Twentieth Convention, Chicago, 1895 (Cincinnati, 1895), p. 100.
[133]