Mlle. Flainville,528,529.Buffon,530.Condorcet,530.Lafayette,530.Madame de Lafayette,531.Duc de la Rochefoucauld,530,531.Lavoisier,530,532.Chastellux,530,532.Ferdinand Grand,530,532.LeVeillard,530,537.Madame LeVeillard,537.Jefferson's letter to LeVeillard about the Autobiography,540.Letter from LeVeillard to Franklin about Mesdames Helvétius and Brillon,540.Letter from LeVeillard's daughter to Franklin,541.Dr. Jan Ingenhousz,541.Debt due him by Samuel Wharton,541.Mrs. Paschal,542(note).Thomas Mifflin,542(note).Wm. Hunter,542(note).Thomas Pownall,542(note).Mr. and Mrs. Jean Holker,542(note).Monthieu,542(note).Madame La Marck,542(note).Dr. Edward Bancroft,542(note).Marquis de Turgot,542(note).His Personal and Social CharacteristicsHumorous observations on Vanity, i.,28.Franklin's physique,158.Early eagerness of Franklin for the sea,158.Portraits of Franklin,233(note).Sterner virtues of Franklin, ii., 1.Statement of Franklin to Hancock that they must all hang together, 2.Franklin slow to anger, 3.His integrity, 3.Description of Franklin by Dr. Cutler, 7.His wit, 7.His humor, 8.Story of the powder cask, 9.Story of the anchor, 9.Story of the hot iron, 10.Story of the Archbishop and the queen, 10.The story of omnia vanitas, 11.The story of the onions, 11.Duelling story, 12.His bon mots, 12.His love of practical jokes, 15.Remarks on man as a sociable being, 16.Early Socratic method of arguing, 16.Franklin's modesty and lack of dogmatism, i.,28; ii., 17.His level-headedness, 18.His dislike of disputation, 18.Franklin a good listener, 19.His amiable, generous disposition, i.,29; ii., 20, 22.His love of games, 21.His physical appetites, 21.His fondness for music, 22.His armonica. 22.Cheerfulness under suffering, 22.Benignity of mind, 23.His habit of making gifts, 23.His loyalty in friendship, 24.His interest in his friend's children, 25.Franklin's physical exercises, 483 (note).As a Man of BusinessGeneral Comments on, ii., 26.Main calling that of printer, 27.Set as a boy to cutting wicks, 28.Taken around among workmen by Josiah, 28.Josiah makes a printer of him, 29.Becomes apprentice to his brother, 29.Nature of his brother's publications, 29.James Franklin embroiled with magistracy, 30.Courant issued in name of Franklin, 33.Rubs between Franklin and his brother, 34.Absconds from Boston, 35.Passage from New York to New Jersey, 35.Dr. Brown, the infidel, 36.The kindly old woman at Burlington, 36.Lands at Philadelphia, 36.Falls asleep in Quaker Meeting-house, 37.Puts up at the Crooked Billet, 37.Calls on Andrew Bradford, 37.Calls on Keimer, 37.Keimer's printing outfit and elegy, 38.Works for Bradford and Keimer, 39.Is brought to the notice of Sir William Keith, 39.Keith and Col. French call on him, 40.Returns to Boston, 41.Keith's promises, 41.Continues at work with Keimer, 42.Keith's continued deceit, 42, 43.Sails for London, 43, 44.Discovers Keith's perfidy, 44.Makes a friend of Andrew Hamilton, 45.And repays his kindness, 45.Ralph a stumbling block to him in London, 45.Franklin is employed at Palmer's, 46.And at Watts', 46.Relations to his fellow-printers in London, 47, 48.Lodges with a Catholic widow, 49.His skill as a swimmer, 49.Is employed by Mr. Denham, 50.Is invited by Sir Wm. Wyndham to teach his sons how to swim, 50.Returns to Philadelphia and meets Keith on the street, 51.Habits in London, 51 (note).Mr. Denham dies, 52.Franklin nearly dies, 52.Story of Mr. Denham, 52.Franklin goes back to Keimer, 53.Keimer's other hands, 53.Keimer benefits by Franklin's inventive faculty, 54.Franklin quits Keimer, 55.Meredith proposes partnership to Franklin, 56.The latter is employed by Keimer again, 56.And again proves very useful to him, 57.New Jersey job, 57.Story of Cotton Mather, 57.Franklin attracts the attention of Governor Burnet, 58.Acquires good will of prominent New Jersey men, 58.Portrait of Keimer by Franklin, 59.Prediction of Isaac Decow as to Franklin, 59.Meredith and Franklin enter into partnership, 59.First money earned by them, 60.Samuel Mickle, the croaker, 60.New firm helped by members of The Junto, 61.Franklin's industry wins attention, 61.Webb betrays Franklin, 62.Franklin buys Keimer's newspaper, 62.Franklin founds Pennsylvania Gazette, 63.Its practical value to him, 63.On the brink of ruin, 63.Meredith a drunkard, 64.Coleman and Grace come to Franklin's aid, 64, 64 (note).Partnership of Meredith and Franklin dissolved, 65.Franklin continues, 66.Advocates more paper money, 66.Secures paper money printing contracts, 67.Opens up a stationery shop, 67.Employs a compositor, 67.Personal and business habits at this time, 67.Keimer goes to Barbadoes, 68.His railings at fortune, 68.David Harry declines Franklin's offer of partnership, 69.Franklin seeks a wife, 69.Franklin's industry in business, 70.His frugality, 70.Establishes his Poor Richard's Almanac, 71.Its success, 71.Principles on which Franklin conducted the Pennsylvania Gazette, 71.Extends his printing business, 72.Establishes a German newspaper and a magazine, 74.Latter project betrayed by John Webbe, 74.Chosen Clerk of General Assembly and appointed Postmaster, 75.Refuses to retaliate Bradford's meanness, 75.Business value of office of Clerk, 75.Conciliates a member of the Assembly, 76.Business increases, 77.Gazette profitable, 77.Admits Hall to partnership, 77.Terms of partnership, 78.Business income of Franklin, 78.Profits from the Gazette, 78.Franklin's interest in art of printing, 78 (note).Disagreement between him and Hall over a copyright, 79.Franklin burns his fingers with the Stamp Tax, 80.Appointed Comptroller of Post Office accounts, 80.Appointed Deputy Postmaster-General, 80.Success in managing Post Office, 81, 82.Comments of Franklin on his removal from office of Postmaster, 81.Gives Post Office patronage to relations, 83.Income of Franklin from other sources than business, 83.Appointed Postmaster General of the United States, 84.Gift of land to him by State of Georgia, 84.His estate at his death, 85.Character of the Pennsylvania Gazette, 86.Books published by Franklin, 90.Sold other books, 91.Miscellaneous side of his business, 91.Sold bond servants and negroes, 92.Mrs. Read's ointments, 93.As a StatesmanAppointed Clerk of General Assembly, ii., 95.Appointed and elected to other offices including a seat in the Assembly, 95.Minor legislation in which he had a hand, 95 (note).Lacking in fluency but spoke to the point, 96.Influence very great in every Assembly in which he sat, 96.Remarks on the importance of character to an orator, 97.Political positions occupied by him, 97.Not easily imposed on by mere glibness, but alive to eloquence like that of Lord Chatham, 98.Repeatedly re-elected to Assembly, 98.Usually with the majority, 98 (note).A true democrat, 98.Detested arbitrary power, 99.Conservative, yet liberal, 99.Believed in universal suffrage and law of gavelkind, 100.History of the conflict between the Proprietary and Popular Parties in Pennsylvania, 100.And reasons therefor, 101.Value of the Penn Estate in Pennsylvania, 102, 102 (note).Strictures of Franklin on the Proprietary Government, 102, 104, 107.Traffic in legislation, 104.Despicable conduct of the Proprietaries, 106.Bitterness of the struggle between the Proprietaries and the Assembly, 108.Stand of the Quakers in the struggle, 108.Franklin the leader of the Popular Party, 109.His relations to Governors of Pennsylvania during the struggle, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114.Story about a dinner at the house of Governor Morris, 110.Reply of Shirley to Franklin at a banquet, 112.Governor Denny brings over gold medal to Franklin, 112.Plies Franklin with solicitations, 112.Franklin appointed agent to go to England, 114.Lord Loudon intervenes in the conflict, 114.Vacillating conduct of Lord Loudon about sailing, 114."Always on horseback, and never rides on," said Innis, 115.Long detention of Franklin at New York, 115.Franklin's opinion of Lord Loudon, 117, 117 (note).Loudon's reply to Franklin about filling his own pockets, 118.Franklin arrives in London, 118.Interview with Lord Granville, 118.Meeting between Proprietaries and Franklin, 119.Settlement of dispute with Proprietaries, 120.Franklin thanks Assembly, 122.His personal relations to the Proprietaries and their governors, 122.Proprietary oppression, 124.Governor Penn's dependence on Franklin, 126.Letter to Dr. Fothergill from Franklin about the Proprietary, 127.Factional dissensions in Pennsylvania, 127.Popular conflict with Governor Penn, 127.Franklin elected Speaker, 129.Writes preface to Galloway's speech, 129.Denunciation of Proprietaries by him, 130.Lapidary attacks on Thomas and Richard Penn by him, 132.Factious attacks on him in prose and verse, 133.Franklin defeated at election, 135.Franklin attacks fairness of the election, 136.Wearies of political contentions, 137.Recommends son of Thomas Penn to good will of Dickinson, 138.Scathing comments by Franklin on Thomas Penn's meanness, 138.Philadelphia merchants raise sum to send him abroad as agent, 140.Pennsylvania feud sinks into the background, 140.The Albany Congress, 141.A day's journey under colonial conditions, 143 (note).Letters from Franklin to Shirley on the colonial connection, 146.Letter to James Parker from Franklin anticipating Albany Plan of Union, 151.Franklin and the Indians, 152.Humorous stories about the Indians told by him, 157, 158 (note).Distinction enjoyed by him in England during his first and second missions, 162.General relations to England before Revolution, 163, 164 (note).Loyalty to England and its king, 163, 170.Subsequent change of attitude, 168.Willingness to accept office under the Duke of Grafton, 169.His counsels of moderation, 170.First of all an American, 171.His gloomy pictures of Irish and Scotch conditions, 172.Favorable view of American conditions taken by him as contrasted with foreign, 171.Parliamentary corruption, 174, 206.Franklin's familiarity with American conditions, 177.His foresight into the American future, 178, 191, 193, 204.Misconstruction produced by his fairness during colonial contest, 178.His view of legal tie between England and the Colonies and Parliamentary supremacy, 178.An imperialist, 182, 191.Favored representation of Colonies in Parliament, but realized its impracticability, 184, 187.General position taken by Franklin in colonial contest, 185.His relations to the Stamp Act, 187, 194, 206, 230.English haughtiness towards, and ignorance of, Colonies, 188.Misrepresentations by Colonial Governors, 189.Economic restrictions on Colonies, 190.Views in regard to the taxation of the Colonies, 192.And in regard to English emigration, 192.Influence exerted by Franklin as colonial agent, 194.Impartiality of Franklin during colonial contest, 196.Summary of argument addressed by him to the British and American Public, 196.His advice to the Colonies, 201.His final sense of certainty of armed conflict, 205.Comments on tea duty, 207.Refusal to recognize Franklin as agent, 207, 211.His comments on rejection of Chatham's plan, 208.Draws up angry protest, 209.Lord Sandwich attacks him as enemy of England, 210.Franklin's relations to Hillsborough, 211.His opinion of Lord Dartmouth, 216.Wedderburn's tirade against Franklin, 222.Efforts of Franklin after dismissal from office to avert war, 229.He leaves England, 231.His reputation at this time very high, 231.Elected to Congress, 232.His services in Congress, 232, 235, 241.Made member of committee to visit Washington's camp, 234.Early stand in favor of independence, 235.Interviews French stranger, 235.Made member of committee of secret correspondence with foreign friends of America, 236.His mission to Canada, 237.His relations to the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation, 241.Devises seal, 242.Offers lure to Hessians, 242.Meets Lord Howe, 242.Other services by Franklin at beginning of Revolution, 246.His political hobbies, 249 (note).Goes to France, 249.Receives news of Burgoyne's surrender, 250.Peculiar fitness of Franklin for French mission, 251.Unfitness of his colleagues, 252.Rubs between John Adams and Vergennes, 252.Vergennes' opinion of John Adams, 253.Comments on John Adams by Franklin, 253.Jefferson's opinion of John Adams, 254 (note).Vergennes' strictures on Arthur Lee and Izard, 255, 255 (note).Vergennes' opinion of Franklin, 255.Judgments on Arthur Lee, 255 (note).Jay's dislike of the French, 256.John Laurens comes to Paris, 256.Deane's efficiency, 257 (note).Inutility of Franklin's colleagues, 257, 273.Testimony of John Adams as to tempers of Arthur Lee and Izard, 258 (note).Adams' vanity, 258 (note).A young state should be like a young virgin, thought Franklin, 259 (note).Franklin not to blame for enmity of his colleagues, 259.Causes of Lee's enmity to Franklin purely selfish, 260.Arthur Lee's character, 262.Jealousy of Franklin felt by Arthur Lee and Adams, 263, 263 (note).Rebukes from Franklin to Arthur Lee, 264.Disputatious and artful natures of Arthur and William Lee, 265.Trunk entrusted to Franklin by William Lee, 266.Franklin's opinion of Arthur Lee, 267.His opinion of William Lee, 269.Treacherous conduct of William Lee and Izard, 270.Relations of Franklin to Izard, 271.Izard's passionate temper, 272, 272 (note).Enmity of colleagues ascribed by Franklin to envy, 274.Franklin's first French friends, 274.Franklin's fame when in France, 274.His academic degrees, 274, 274 (note).Special causes underlying fame of Franklin in France, 275, 276 (note), 280.Comments of Count Ségur on the American envoys, 276 (note).John Adams' testimony to fame of Franklin, 278.Meeting between Voltaire and Franklin, 278.Apotheosis of Voltaire, 279.Franklin's opinion of Vergennes, 280.Jefferson on Franklin in France, 281.History of pecuniary aids obtained by Franklin from France, 281.His remark about the Mississippi, 285.His relations to bills of exchange, 295.To dispatches, 295.Duty devolved on him of purchasing supplies and fitting out ships, 296.This duty disagreeable to him, 296.Was also a Judge in Admiralty, 297.Success of American privateers, 297.Franklin advises attacks on English cities, 298.His relations to John Paul Jones, 299.His efforts for the release of American prisoners, 300.Rascality of Thomas Digges, 303.Services by Thomas Wren to American prisoners, 304.Pressure on Franklin for place in American army, 304.Applications of Messrs. Lith and Pellion, 307.Inquiries about America made of Franklin, 308.Beset by beggars, 308.Intense feelings aroused in Franklin by war, 309.Hutton's mission to France, 309.Pulteney's mission, 310.Mission of Hartley and Hammond, 311.Weissenstein's mission, 311.Sir William Jones' mission, 313.Audit of Franklin's accounts, 315 (note).Adams' accusation of subserviency to the French against Franklin, 316.Vergennes' persistency of character, 317 (note).Comment of D'Aranda on M. de Maurepas and Vergennes, 317 (note).Franklin justified in opposing signing of preliminary treaty of peace without consent of Vergennes, 319.Franklin's efforts to acquire Canada, 321.Final treaty of peace signed, 329.Franklin resigns, 329.Returns to Pennsylvania and is further honored, 329.Elected a member of Federal Convention of 1787, 329.Jefferson's estimate of Franklin as a man, 330 (note).Part taken by Franklin in the Convention of 1787, 330.Reaction in his liberalism, 331 (note).Franklin and paper currency, 336.Franklin and free trade, 342.Franklin and export duties, 345.Franklin and pauperism, 345.Franklin and agriculture, 346.Franklin and the criminal laws, 347.Franklin and imprisonment for debt, 348.Franklin and slavery 348.As a Man of ScienceIndifference to his inventions, i.,15.Early interest of Franklin in science, ii., 350, 352.Essentially a man of science, 351.His three essays written at sea, 351.Relations of Franklin to electricity, 352.Qualifications of Franklin for scientific inquiry, 379.Franklin's interest in balloons, 384.Franklin's study of marsh gas and effect of oil on water, 390.Franklin's inquiry into the effect of depth of water on speed and navigation, 394.His interest in the Gulf Stream, 395.Franklin and pulse glasses, 396.Inventions of Franklin, 396.Franklin and magic squares, 397.Franklin's alphabet and reform spelling, 398.Franklin and the armonica, 400.The Franklin stove, 401, 404.Chimney, place improvements by Franklin, 403.Franklin and smoky chimneys, 404.Franklin and ventilation, 405.Distraction to which Franklin was subject in the pursuit of science, 406.Cruder reflections of Franklin on scientific subjects 407.Franklin's relations to medicine, 407.Franklin and the dry belly-ache, 408.Franklin's ideas about colds, 410.Franklin lectures John Adams on open windows, 414.Franklin and waterspouts, whirlwinds and northeast storms, 415.Franklin on light, 416.Loose Thoughts on a Universal Fluid, 417.Franklin on the conservation of matter, 417.Franklin and the mastodon, 417.Letter from Franklin to Gébelin on language variations, 418.Franklin and astronomy, 419.Franklin and refrigeration, 419.Franklin and geology, 420.Franklin and the physical convulsions of the earth, 421.As a WriterLost letters, i.,5.Way to Wealth known to whole civilized globe,13.Franklin first American man of letters in the opinion of Hume, ii., 423.Franklin an author for practical purposes only, 423.Indifference to his own writings, 424.Franklin foresaw increased patronage of English authors, 425.Manner in which he was educated, 425.His early love of books, 426.His ballads, 427.His controversy with Collins, 428.Means adopted by him to improve himself as a writer, 428.Silence Dogood letters, 429.Meets Governor Burnet, 434.Forms acquaintance with Ralph and other lovers of reading in Philadelphia, 434.Love of books, 434.Franklin's scruples about niceties of authorship and printing, 435.Criticism of Hume on his use of words, 439.Franklin's conception of good writing, 440.Advice to Benjamin Vaughn as to writing, 440.General character of Franklin's writings, 441.His fable of the eagle and the hare, 443.Canada pamphlet, 439, 444.Papers written by Franklin on the Colonial controversy before his return from his second mission to England, 446.Effect of the Edict by the King of Prussia and its companion satire, 447.Letters to the Public Advertiser, 449.Dialogue between Rodrigue and Fell, the apothecary, 449.Copper plate engraving designed by Franklin, 450.Papers written by Franklin in France to promote the American Cause, 451.His dialogue between Britain and other countries, 452.Graver latter-day writings by Franklin, 454.His papers on how to grow rich, 455.Parable against Persecution, 456.Parable on Brotherly Love, 456.Papers contributed by Franklin to the Busybody and the Pennsylvania Gazette, 457.Speech of Polly Baker, 467.Means of Disposing the Enemy to Peace, 468.Craven Street Gazette, 468.Petition of the Letter Z, 471.Sale of the Hessians, 472.Supplement to the Boston Independent Chronicle, 472, 474.The Ephemera, 472, 476.The Whistle, 472, 478.His petite chanson à boire, 472, 479.His letter to the Abbé Morellet on wine, 472, 480.Dialogue between Franklin and the Gout, 472, 481.Handsome and Deformed Leg, 472, 484.Economical Project, 472, 485.A Letter from China, 487.Abuse of the Press, 488.Comparison of the Conduct of the Ancient Jews and of the Anti-Federalists, 489.Account of the Supremest Court of Judicature in Pennsylvania, 489.Speech of Sidi Mehemet Ibrahim against the Erika, 489.Petition of the Left Hand, 490.Morals of Chess, 491.Franklin's letters, 492.His letter on the Cincinnati, 494.General observations on the history and contents of the Autobiography, 499.General observations on Poor Richard's Almanac, 503.The Way to Wealth, or Father Abraham's Speech, 517Franklin, Benjamin (Franklin's uncle), i.,60,82,275,276,277,289,304Franklin College, Pa., i.,15Franklin, Deborah, i.,52,70,88,99,103,205,211,218,224(note),290,303,306,307,314,336,346,367,372,373,423,449,489;ii., 23, 45, 70, 79, 93, 470 (note)Franklin, Francis Folger, i.,70,240Franklin in France, by the Hales, ii., 6 (note)Franklin, James, i.,83,199,279,301;ii., 29, 30, 41, 426, 427Franklin, James, Jr., i.,199,278,279Franklin, John (Franklin's brother), i.,53,94,274,278,279,296Franklin, John (Franklin's uncle), i.,274,277Franklin, Josiah (Franklin's father), i.,60,78,82,85,158,159,200,266,267,268,270,274,304,307;ii., 28, 41, 428Franklin, Josiah, Jr., i.,158,276,279Franklin, Peter, i.,279,280(note);ii., 83Franklin, Sally (daughter of Thomas Franklin, of Lutterworth), i.,277,306;ii., 469Franklin, Samuel (Franklin's brother), i.,280,301Franklin, Samuel (son of Franklin's Uncle Benjamin),ii., 29Franklin, Samuel (grandson of Franklin's Uncle Benjamin), i.,275,277Franklin, Thomas (Franklin's uncle), i.,38,275,303,305Franklin, Thomas (Franklin's grandfather), i.,275Franklin, Thomas (of Lutterworth), i.,277,306Franklin, William, i.,26,36,44,48,134,173,178,216,218,236,238,241,262,264,264(note),273,295,305,337,348,375,379,393,453,474,476;ii., 82, 83, 98, 104 (note), 134, 166, 175, 177, 178, 181, 185, 207, 338 (note), 436, 448, 483 (note)Franklin, Mrs. William, i.,40,255,264(note)Franklin, William Temple, i.,44,92,93,174(note),261,