[i-449]SeeWritings, II, 95-6 (1728).[i-450]John Ray'sThe Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation(London, 1827; first ed. 1691), 31-2.[i-451]The Augustan Age, 54-5.[i-452]Selections from the Writings of Fénelon, ed. by Mrs. Follen (Boston, 1861), 51-2.[i-453]Ibid., 59.[i-454]Ibid., 47.[i-455]In Preface toThe Works of the British Poets, ed. by R. Anderson (London, 1795), 592. Since Franklin frequented Batson's in Cornhill, it is possible that through Dr. Pemberton he might have met Sir R. Blackmore, who was one of its best patrons.[i-456]Ibid., 611.[i-457]See Ray,op. cit., 143: "I persuade myself, that the beautiful and gracious Author of man's being and faculties, and all things else, delights in the beauty of his creation, and is well pleased with the industry of man, in adorning the earth with beautiful cities and castles...."[i-458]The Relation of John Locke to English Deism, 133.[i-459]See P. S. Wood, "Native Elements in English Neo-Classicism,"Modern Philology, XXIV, 201-8 (Nov., 1926).[i-460]See C. E. Jorgenson's "The Source of Benjamin Franklin's Dialogues between Philocles and Horatio (1730),"American Literature, VI, 337-9 (Nov., 1934).[i-461]Writings, II, 203.[i-462]Ibid., II, 467.[i-463]Facsimile reprint by W. Pepper (Philadelphia, 1931), 27 note.[i-464]SeeAlmanacfor 1753.[i-465]Writings, II, 288.[i-466]Ibid., II, 429. See also II, 434-5.[i-467]See W. J. Campbell,op. cit.[i-468]No. 570 (Nov. 15, 1739), No. 565 (Oct. 11, 1739), and No. 628 (Dec. 25, 1740), for example, are loaded with tributes to the effective preaching and contagious saintliness of this preacher of the Great Awakening.[i-469]No. 618 (Oct. 16, 1740). Franklin'sGeneral Magazine and Historical Chroniclecontains many Whitefield references.[i-470]Writings, II, 316. In general, emotional Methodism was not responsive to science as a basis for rationalistic deism, although to a considerable extent Methodism and deism synchronized in their endeavor to relieve social suffering. See U. Lee's able study,The Historical Backgrounds of Early Methodist Enthusiasm(New York, 1931).[i-471]Rev. L. Tyerman,Life of the Reverend George Whitefield(London, 1876), I, 439.[i-472]Ibid., II, 283-4.[i-473]Ibid., II, 540-1.[i-474]Ibid., II, 541.[i-475]See H. H. Clark's "An Historical Interpretation of Thomas Paine's Religion,"University of California Chronicle, XXXV, 56-87 (Jan., 1933), and "Toward a Reinterpretation of Thomas Paine,"American Literature, V, 133-45 (May, 1933).[i-476]Writings, IX, 520.[i-477]Ibid., VIII, 561. See also IX, 506.[i-478]Aug. 22, 1784; unpublished letter in W. S. Mason Collection. Also seeWritings, VIII, 113; IX, 476, 488, 621.[i-479]I. W. Riley,American Thought from Puritanism to Pragmatism, 76.[i-480]Parton,op. cit., I, 546.[i-481]He admonished Deborah, his wife, that she "should go oftener to Church" (Writings, IV, 202), and his daughter, Sarah, "Go constantly to Church, whoever preaches" (Ibid., IV, 287).[i-482]Letters to Benjamin Franklin from His Family and Friends, 1751-1790(New York, 1859), 10.[i-483]Franklin's English friends, Dr. Richard Price, Joseph Priestley, Rev. David Williams, Dr. John Fothergill, Peter Collinson, Sir Joseph Banks, Jonathan Shipley, Lord Kames, Sir William Jones, et cetera, though not all deists, found Newtonian science useful in augmenting their philosophies.[i-484]A Discourse ...(London, 1775), 33. For background material on the history of this concept see L. E. Hicks,A Critique of Design-Arguments(New York, 1883).[i-485]N. Meredith,Considerations on the Utility of Conductors for Lightning ...(London, 1789), 44-5. See especially the characteristic notice inMonthly Review ..., XLII (London, 1770), 199-210, 298-308.[i-486]For references see B. Faÿ,The Revolutionary Spirit in France and America; E. E. Hale and E. E. Hale, Jr.,Franklin in France; L. Amiable,Un loge maçonnique d'avant 1789 ....[i-487]Writings, IX, 436.[i-488]W. T. Franklin ed. of Franklin'sWritings(London, 1818), I, 433.[i-489]See similar expression in letter to Mme Brillon, cited in J. M. Stifler,The Religion of Benjamin Franklin, 55-6.[i-490]Writings, III, 135.
[i-449]SeeWritings, II, 95-6 (1728).
[i-449]SeeWritings, II, 95-6 (1728).
[i-450]John Ray'sThe Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation(London, 1827; first ed. 1691), 31-2.
[i-450]John Ray'sThe Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation(London, 1827; first ed. 1691), 31-2.
[i-451]The Augustan Age, 54-5.
[i-451]The Augustan Age, 54-5.
[i-452]Selections from the Writings of Fénelon, ed. by Mrs. Follen (Boston, 1861), 51-2.
[i-452]Selections from the Writings of Fénelon, ed. by Mrs. Follen (Boston, 1861), 51-2.
[i-453]Ibid., 59.
[i-453]Ibid., 59.
[i-454]Ibid., 47.
[i-454]Ibid., 47.
[i-455]In Preface toThe Works of the British Poets, ed. by R. Anderson (London, 1795), 592. Since Franklin frequented Batson's in Cornhill, it is possible that through Dr. Pemberton he might have met Sir R. Blackmore, who was one of its best patrons.
[i-455]In Preface toThe Works of the British Poets, ed. by R. Anderson (London, 1795), 592. Since Franklin frequented Batson's in Cornhill, it is possible that through Dr. Pemberton he might have met Sir R. Blackmore, who was one of its best patrons.
[i-456]Ibid., 611.
[i-456]Ibid., 611.
[i-457]See Ray,op. cit., 143: "I persuade myself, that the beautiful and gracious Author of man's being and faculties, and all things else, delights in the beauty of his creation, and is well pleased with the industry of man, in adorning the earth with beautiful cities and castles...."
[i-457]See Ray,op. cit., 143: "I persuade myself, that the beautiful and gracious Author of man's being and faculties, and all things else, delights in the beauty of his creation, and is well pleased with the industry of man, in adorning the earth with beautiful cities and castles...."
[i-458]The Relation of John Locke to English Deism, 133.
[i-458]The Relation of John Locke to English Deism, 133.
[i-459]See P. S. Wood, "Native Elements in English Neo-Classicism,"Modern Philology, XXIV, 201-8 (Nov., 1926).
[i-459]See P. S. Wood, "Native Elements in English Neo-Classicism,"Modern Philology, XXIV, 201-8 (Nov., 1926).
[i-460]See C. E. Jorgenson's "The Source of Benjamin Franklin's Dialogues between Philocles and Horatio (1730),"American Literature, VI, 337-9 (Nov., 1934).
[i-460]See C. E. Jorgenson's "The Source of Benjamin Franklin's Dialogues between Philocles and Horatio (1730),"American Literature, VI, 337-9 (Nov., 1934).
[i-461]Writings, II, 203.
[i-461]Writings, II, 203.
[i-462]Ibid., II, 467.
[i-462]Ibid., II, 467.
[i-463]Facsimile reprint by W. Pepper (Philadelphia, 1931), 27 note.
[i-463]Facsimile reprint by W. Pepper (Philadelphia, 1931), 27 note.
[i-464]SeeAlmanacfor 1753.
[i-464]SeeAlmanacfor 1753.
[i-465]Writings, II, 288.
[i-465]Writings, II, 288.
[i-466]Ibid., II, 429. See also II, 434-5.
[i-466]Ibid., II, 429. See also II, 434-5.
[i-467]See W. J. Campbell,op. cit.
[i-467]See W. J. Campbell,op. cit.
[i-468]No. 570 (Nov. 15, 1739), No. 565 (Oct. 11, 1739), and No. 628 (Dec. 25, 1740), for example, are loaded with tributes to the effective preaching and contagious saintliness of this preacher of the Great Awakening.
[i-468]No. 570 (Nov. 15, 1739), No. 565 (Oct. 11, 1739), and No. 628 (Dec. 25, 1740), for example, are loaded with tributes to the effective preaching and contagious saintliness of this preacher of the Great Awakening.
[i-469]No. 618 (Oct. 16, 1740). Franklin'sGeneral Magazine and Historical Chroniclecontains many Whitefield references.
[i-469]No. 618 (Oct. 16, 1740). Franklin'sGeneral Magazine and Historical Chroniclecontains many Whitefield references.
[i-470]Writings, II, 316. In general, emotional Methodism was not responsive to science as a basis for rationalistic deism, although to a considerable extent Methodism and deism synchronized in their endeavor to relieve social suffering. See U. Lee's able study,The Historical Backgrounds of Early Methodist Enthusiasm(New York, 1931).
[i-470]Writings, II, 316. In general, emotional Methodism was not responsive to science as a basis for rationalistic deism, although to a considerable extent Methodism and deism synchronized in their endeavor to relieve social suffering. See U. Lee's able study,The Historical Backgrounds of Early Methodist Enthusiasm(New York, 1931).
[i-471]Rev. L. Tyerman,Life of the Reverend George Whitefield(London, 1876), I, 439.
[i-471]Rev. L. Tyerman,Life of the Reverend George Whitefield(London, 1876), I, 439.
[i-472]Ibid., II, 283-4.
[i-472]Ibid., II, 283-4.
[i-473]Ibid., II, 540-1.
[i-473]Ibid., II, 540-1.
[i-474]Ibid., II, 541.
[i-474]Ibid., II, 541.
[i-475]See H. H. Clark's "An Historical Interpretation of Thomas Paine's Religion,"University of California Chronicle, XXXV, 56-87 (Jan., 1933), and "Toward a Reinterpretation of Thomas Paine,"American Literature, V, 133-45 (May, 1933).
[i-475]See H. H. Clark's "An Historical Interpretation of Thomas Paine's Religion,"University of California Chronicle, XXXV, 56-87 (Jan., 1933), and "Toward a Reinterpretation of Thomas Paine,"American Literature, V, 133-45 (May, 1933).
[i-476]Writings, IX, 520.
[i-476]Writings, IX, 520.
[i-477]Ibid., VIII, 561. See also IX, 506.
[i-477]Ibid., VIII, 561. See also IX, 506.
[i-478]Aug. 22, 1784; unpublished letter in W. S. Mason Collection. Also seeWritings, VIII, 113; IX, 476, 488, 621.
[i-478]Aug. 22, 1784; unpublished letter in W. S. Mason Collection. Also seeWritings, VIII, 113; IX, 476, 488, 621.
[i-479]I. W. Riley,American Thought from Puritanism to Pragmatism, 76.
[i-479]I. W. Riley,American Thought from Puritanism to Pragmatism, 76.
[i-480]Parton,op. cit., I, 546.
[i-480]Parton,op. cit., I, 546.
[i-481]He admonished Deborah, his wife, that she "should go oftener to Church" (Writings, IV, 202), and his daughter, Sarah, "Go constantly to Church, whoever preaches" (Ibid., IV, 287).
[i-481]He admonished Deborah, his wife, that she "should go oftener to Church" (Writings, IV, 202), and his daughter, Sarah, "Go constantly to Church, whoever preaches" (Ibid., IV, 287).
[i-482]Letters to Benjamin Franklin from His Family and Friends, 1751-1790(New York, 1859), 10.
[i-482]Letters to Benjamin Franklin from His Family and Friends, 1751-1790(New York, 1859), 10.
[i-483]Franklin's English friends, Dr. Richard Price, Joseph Priestley, Rev. David Williams, Dr. John Fothergill, Peter Collinson, Sir Joseph Banks, Jonathan Shipley, Lord Kames, Sir William Jones, et cetera, though not all deists, found Newtonian science useful in augmenting their philosophies.
[i-483]Franklin's English friends, Dr. Richard Price, Joseph Priestley, Rev. David Williams, Dr. John Fothergill, Peter Collinson, Sir Joseph Banks, Jonathan Shipley, Lord Kames, Sir William Jones, et cetera, though not all deists, found Newtonian science useful in augmenting their philosophies.
[i-484]A Discourse ...(London, 1775), 33. For background material on the history of this concept see L. E. Hicks,A Critique of Design-Arguments(New York, 1883).
[i-484]A Discourse ...(London, 1775), 33. For background material on the history of this concept see L. E. Hicks,A Critique of Design-Arguments(New York, 1883).
[i-485]N. Meredith,Considerations on the Utility of Conductors for Lightning ...(London, 1789), 44-5. See especially the characteristic notice inMonthly Review ..., XLII (London, 1770), 199-210, 298-308.
[i-485]N. Meredith,Considerations on the Utility of Conductors for Lightning ...(London, 1789), 44-5. See especially the characteristic notice inMonthly Review ..., XLII (London, 1770), 199-210, 298-308.
[i-486]For references see B. Faÿ,The Revolutionary Spirit in France and America; E. E. Hale and E. E. Hale, Jr.,Franklin in France; L. Amiable,Un loge maçonnique d'avant 1789 ....
[i-486]For references see B. Faÿ,The Revolutionary Spirit in France and America; E. E. Hale and E. E. Hale, Jr.,Franklin in France; L. Amiable,Un loge maçonnique d'avant 1789 ....
[i-487]Writings, IX, 436.
[i-487]Writings, IX, 436.
[i-488]W. T. Franklin ed. of Franklin'sWritings(London, 1818), I, 433.
[i-488]W. T. Franklin ed. of Franklin'sWritings(London, 1818), I, 433.
[i-489]See similar expression in letter to Mme Brillon, cited in J. M. Stifler,The Religion of Benjamin Franklin, 55-6.
[i-489]See similar expression in letter to Mme Brillon, cited in J. M. Stifler,The Religion of Benjamin Franklin, 55-6.
[i-490]Writings, III, 135.
[i-490]Writings, III, 135.