MAPS.PAGEAlexander's Empire, Division of94Ancient Jerusalem in New Testament Period72Ancient World, and Descendants of Noah24Assyrian Empire92Babylonian Empire and its Surroundings92Beth-horon and Vicinity50Conquest of Canaan50Corinth and Vicinity123Damascus and Vicinity114Division of Solomon's Empire86Early Apostolic History112Empire of Chedorlaomer34Empire of David and Solomon68Environs of Jerusalem82Island of Cyprus119Isles of Greece and the Seven Churches132Isle of Patmos134Journeys of the Patriarchs36Kadesh-barnea and Vicinity48Kingdom of Egypt at its greatest extent under Rameses II42Kingdom of Herod the Great100Kingdom of Saul64Lands of the Sojourn and Wandering44Modern Jerusalem81Modern Palestine152, 153Modern World and Bible Landsfacing title.Mount Sinai, Vicinity of44Natural Features of Jerusalem75Nineveh and Vicinity96Old Testament World18,19Oriental World in the Time of David70Outline Map for Review26Outline Maps (Geography of Palestine)143-146Palestine among the Tribes58Palestine as Promised and Possessed53Palestine before the Conquest36Palestine during the Ministry of Jesus102Palestine under the Judges60Palestine under the Maccabees, B.C. 10096Paul's First Missionary Journey116Paul's Second Missionary Journey120Paul's Third Missionary Journey124Paul's Voyage to Rome126Paul's Last Journeys130Period of Preparation.(Life of Christ)104Period of Inauguration."104Period of Early Galilean Ministry."106Period of Later Galilean Ministry."107Period of Retirement."107Period of Judæan Ministry."108Period of Peræan Ministry."109Period of the Passion."109Persian Empire94Peter's Journey112Philip's Journey112Physical Palestine28Plain of Esdraelon60Restoration of Israel, B.C. 80089Roman Empire in New Testament Period98Saul's Last Battle64Saul of Tarsus' and Barnabas' Journeys112St. Paul's Bay, Malta, enlarged128Syrian Period, B.C. 884-84088The Two Provinces, A.D. 44-70102ENGRAVINGS.Ancient Coins149,150Antioch in Syria117Arches under Temple Area147Areopagus at Athens121Assyrian Palace91Babylon95Bashan, View in the Eastern Table-Land55Bethany150Bethlehem105Bible Measures148,149Birs Nimroud (supposed Tower of Babel)23Black Obelisk93Brazen Altar137Capernaum and the Sea of Galilee101Church of the Ascension54Church of the Holy Sepulchre16Church of Nativity, Bethlehem71Colosseum at Rome97Damascus113David's Tomb73Defile between Jerusalem and Jericho83Dome of the Rock (Site of the Temple)139Egyptian Temple41Entry of Pilgrims into BethlehemxiiGarden of Gethsemane49Gethsemane85Grotto of Jeremiah99Hebron39Jericho67Jericho and the Jordan37Jews' Wailing Place at Jerusalem27Laodicea from Hierapolis133Moabite Stone88Modern Jerusalem, Panorama and Description of78,79Mosque ElAska90Mount Ararat20Mount Tabor61Mount Zion115Mugheir (supposed to be Ur of the Chaldees)33Nazareth110Pool of Siloam103Râs es Sufsafeh (Mount Sinai)43River Jordan30Round about Jerusalem59Shechem51Solomon's Pools84Tabernacle135Tower of David69Table of Shew Bread136Via Dolorosa111CHARTS.Bible History14,15Chronological Chart of Kings of Israel and Judah87Paul's First Journey, Review119Table of Nations, Review27COMPARATIVE DIAGRAMS.Age of the Patriarchs, before and after the Deluge34Areas of Asia Minor and Texas, U.S.118Area of Egypt42Areas of Palestine and New England29Area of Palestine at Different Periods70Areas of Assyrian, Babylonian and Persian Empires93Height of Bible Mountains17Height of Mountains in Palestine32Population of the Twelve Tribes at Entrance into Canaan57Size of the Territory of the Tribes56United States and Old Testament World17PLANS.Antioch, Ancient114Athens, Ancient122Babylon93Camp of Israel47Ephesus and Vicinity125Rome, Ancient129Sacred Enclosure (Herod's Temple)141Section of Palestine, North to South31Section of Palestine, East to West31Section Through the Middle of Temple, East to West140Solomon's Temple71Temple in the Time of Christ (Herod's)138
Crowd of people entering BethlehemENTRY OF PILGRIMS INTO BETHLEHEM.
TheGeography and the History of the Bible are so closely united that neither subject can be studied to advantage without the other. We therefore present at the opening of our work the Chart of Bible History, upon which the leading events of Bible History and those of the ancient world in general are arranged in parallel columns. The blue lines extending across the page represent the centuries before Christ, each space between them being 100 years. Until recently the common chronology found in all reference Bibles and Biblical works, was that prepared by Archbishop Ussher, who died in 1656, long before the present sources of information from "the monuments" had been discovered. His chronology has not been regarded as trustworthy by scholars for thirty years past; but until recently it has been retained because students of Biblical and Ancient History were not agreed as to the dates which should be given in place of it. But there is now a substantial, though not complete agreement among scholars; and we therefore discard the Ussherian system, and adopt that obtained from the information given in the inscriptions of Assyria, Babylonia, and Egypt, when compared with statements in the Bible.
We begin at the date 2500 B.C. as the events of Bible History earlier than 2500 B.C. cannot be fixed with any certainty. And it must be admitted that none of the dates earlier than 1000 B.C. can be regarded as established.
I.General Periods.In the first column we note the five great periods of Bible History. These are the natural divisions of the events contained in the Bible story.
1. The Period of the Early Races, from the Deluge, at a date unknown, to the Call of Abraham, B.C. 2280. Before the Call of Abraham, the history in the book of Genesis is introductory.
2. The Period of the Chosen Family, from the Call of Abraham, B.C. 2280, to the Exodus from Egypt, about 1250 B.C.
3. The Period of the Israelite People, from the Exodus, 1250 B.C., to the Coronation of Saul, about 1050 B.C.
4. The Period of the Israelite Kingdom, from the Coronation of Saul, 1050 B.C., to the Captivity in Babylon, B.C. 587.
5. The Period of the Jewish Province, from the Captivity in Babylon, 587 B.C., to the Destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans, A.D. 70.
II. In the second column the larger periods are broken up intoSubdivisions. 1. In thePeriod of the Early Racesthe line of division is made at the Dispersion of the Races, to which no date is assigned. 2.The Period of the Chosen Familyis subdivided at the Descent into Egypt by Jacob and his family, about 2060 B.C. 3.The Period of the Israelitish Peoplehas three subdivisions. (1.) The Wandering in the Wilderness, from the Exodus, B.C. 1250, to the Entrance into Canaan, B.C. 1210. (2.) The Settlement, extending to the Mesopotamian Oppression, B.C. 1180. (3.) The Rule of the Judges, to the Coronation of Saul, B.C. 1050. 4.The Period of the Israelitish Kingdomnaturally divides itself into three sections. (1.) Unity, to the Division of the Kingdom, B.C. 935. (2.) Division, to the Captivity of the Ten Tribes, B.C. 721. (3.) Decay, the stage of the kingdom of Judah alone, from B.C. 721 to 587, the Babylonian Captivity. 5.The Period of the Jewish Provincehas five subdivisions. (1.) Chaldean Rule, to the Return from Captivity, B.C. 536. (2.) Persian Rule, to the Conquest by Alexander the Great, B.C. 330. (3.) Greek Rule, under the kingdoms of Alexander's successors to the Revolt of Mattathias, B.C. 168. (4.) Jewish Independence, to the Annexation of Judæa to the Roman Empire, A.D. 6. (5.) Roman Rule, to the final Destruction of Jerusalem, A.D. 70.
III. Next, we notice the prominentPersons and Rulersin Sacred History. The perpendicular lines opposite the names of the patriarchs indicate the duration of their lives, according to the common chronology. Only the most important of the Judges are named, and with each is given his number in the order of the list. The crowns show the kings, and the years show the period of their reigns. The chronology during the age of the Judges is very uncertain, and the dates are only conjectural.
IV.The Events of Bible History, given in the fourth column, are too numerous to be recapitulated. The student should divide them according to the Subdivisions of the Periods, already given.
V.The History of Egyptoccupies the fifth column. The opinions of scholars are greatly at variance with regard to the dates of the first eighteen dynasties, some of them differing by a thousand years. The ancient history of Egypt is divided into three sections. (1.) The Old Kingdom, founded by Menes perhaps 4700 B.C., and governed by ten dynasties in succession. (2.) The Middle Kingdom, from about 2900 B.C. to 1570 B.C., Dynasties XI. to XVII. (3.) The New Kingdom, from 1570 B.C. to 525 B.C., DynastiesXVII. to XXVII. Egypt was part of the Persian Empire from 525 to 332 B.C. After 323 B.C. it was governed by a line of Greek kings, who bore the name of Ptolemy, until 30 B.C., when it became a Roman province.
VI.The Kingdoms of the East, Babylonia and Assyria, appear on the sixth column; beginning with a number of states in Babylonia; becoming an empire under Hammurabi about 2280 B.C.; by turns strong and weak until about 1100 B.C., when the Assyrian empire arose, overpowering Babylon. The Assyrian Empire lasted until 625 B.C., when Babylon again arose to power, though the Chaldean Empire did not begin until 606 B.C. In 536 B.C. it fell before the Persian conquerors, and the whole world of the Bible was under Persian control until 330 B.C., when Alexander the Great won it. No world-empire arose after the death of Alexander, until the Roman period.
impossible to read chartChart of Bible History
Transcriber's Note:As the color version of the Chart is mostly unreadable, black and white copies have been included below. If a line of text or paragraph is cut off, then it will appear on the following page in its entirety.
Chart OneChart TwoChart ThreeChart FourChart FiveChart Six
B.C.I.GENERAL PERIODSII.SUB-DIVISION OF GENERAL PERIODS.III.PERSONS AND RULERS IN BIBLE HISTORY.IV.THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL.V.EGYPT.VI.KINGDOMS OF THE EAST.VII.THE ORIENTAL EMPIRES.VIII.THE WORLD IN GENERAL.B.C.2500I.PERIODOF THEEARLY RACES, FROMTHEDELUGE.I.THE UNITED RACESTO THEDISPERSION.[All the dates in this column are uncertain above 1000 B.C., and are givententatively. The dates are not sufficient for a complete and sure chronology].4700(?)—Egypt founded by Menes. Old Kingdom (Dynasties I.-X.). Memphis earliest capital.3500(?)—Pyramids built (Dynasty IV.).2900(?)—Middle kingdom begins (Dynasties XI.-XVII.)4500 B.C.—Kingdoms existing in Babylonia.4000(?)—City of Babylon founded.3900(?)—Rise of Ur to power.3000—Nineveh in existence.Dates earlier than 700 B.C. traditional and uncertain.2850--China founded by Fu-hi.25002400I.PERIODOF THEEARLYI.THEDISPERSEDRACES TO2454(?)—First dynasty of kings begins to reign at Babylon with Su-mu-abi.Eleven kings reigning 2454 to 2151(?).24002300RACESto the Call ofAbrahamc. 2280THE CALL OFABRAHAM.c. 2355 Abraham.During the middle kingdom, 2900-1570 B.C. Thebes was capital until about 2000 B.C. The dates are very uncertain, but between 2500 and 2000 B.C. the kingdom declined. 12th Dynasty 2500-2300.2357—Lao reigning in China.23002280 B. C.c. 2280c. 2280(?)—Call and migration of Abraham.2280(?)—Hammurabi2200JOURNEYSc. 2256 Isaac.c. 2270(?)—Abraham's Victory over the Five Kings. [Gen. 14]c. 2232(?)—The Offering of Isaac on Mount Moriah.(Amraphel(?)) 2280 B.C. (Gen. 14), sixth king of the first dynasty reigning at Babylon. He conquered many states, established a code of laws, and may be regarded as founder of the early Babylonian Empire.2205—Chinese history begins.22002100II.OF THEPATRIARCHSc. 2195 Jacob.c. 2180c. 2103 Joseph.c. 2180(?) Death of Abraham.c. 2120(?)—Jacob's Vision and Journey to Padan-aram.c. 2103(?)—Jacob's Return to Canaan.2150(?)—Second dynasty of kings at Babylon begins with An-ma-an. (According to records, not certain, it lasted until 1783 B.C.)2100PERIODc. 2060 B. C.c. 2075.c. 2084(?)—Joseph Sold into Egypt.c. 2073(?)—Joseph Ruler in Egypt.c. 2060 B.C. c. 2060(?)—Jacob and his Family go down to Egypt; Beginning of theSojourn of the Israelites.About 2000 B.C. Lower Egypt fell under the power of invaders from the desert, who were called Hyksos, or Shepherd Kings. Their capital was Tanis, or Zoan. Very little is known of their history, and their names cannot be given2000c. 2045.c. 2045(?)—Death of Jacob in Egypt.with certainty, as their memory was hated by the rulers that followed them, and their inscriptions may have been obliterated. They ruled Egypt until about 1570 B.C.(?), though the dates both of their conquest and their departure are uncertain.2000—Ishkibal, fourth king of second dynasty, reigning at Babylon.EARLY2000—Aryan migration to India(?).20001500OF THETHEc. 1993.1993(?)—Death of Joseph in Egypt The Israelites remain in the Land of Goshen, between Egypt and the Wilderness, from about 2062 to 1250 B.C. [dates very very uncertain]. During most of this period the Hyksos or Shepherd-Kings, friendly to the Israelites, were ruling in Egypt.1500—The Israelites still in Egypt.About 1570 the war of liberation from the Hyksos began under Dynasty XVIII., and the New Kingdom opened.1570-1320(?)—Dynasty XVIII. reigning (Amosis, Amenophis, Queen Hatasu, Thutmosis (Thotmes) III., Amenophis II., Amenophis III., Amenophis IV.). A period of conquest. Egyptian invasion of Syria about 1490(?) (Thutmosis III.). Battle of Esdraelon in Canaan. Tell-el-Amarna letters written in reigns of Amenophis III. and IV.1800—An Assyrian Kingdom in existence, but subject to Babylon. Asshur, or its capital.1782—Third dynasty of kings of Babylon, beginning with Gandish, reigning 1782-1767. This dynasty, known as Kassites, came from Elam, conquered Babylonia, and held rule until 1207. Not much is known of Babylonian history during this period; but the kingdom was declining.1500-1207—Kassite dynasty still reigning at Babylon.1920—Gold and silver first mentioned as money.1556—Athens founded. (traditional.)1546—Traditional founding of Troy.1507—Court of Areopagus founded at Athens.1500—Thebes founded. Greek alphabet introduced by Cadmus.c. 1500—Hittite migration to southern Asia Minor.15001400CHOSENSOJOURN IN1430—Assur-nadin-akhi. King of Assyria. (From this reign, regular lists of Assyrian kings; and their kingdom grows in power.)BABY-LONIAN1400—Rise of Hittite Kingdom in Asia Minor.14001300FAMILYEGYPT.c. 1330 Moses.About 1330(?) begins the Oppression of the Israelites under Dynasty XIX. in Egypt. About the same time 1330 (?) Moses was born. All the dates of this period are uncertain.1359(?)—Dynasty XIX. begins. Seti I. powerful ruler and conqueror. Rameses II., "Pharaoh of the Oppression" (?). Merenepthah, "Pharaoh of the Exodus" (?). Decline of Egyptian power. Rameses III., date unknown.1300(?)—Shalmaneser I., King of Assyria, begins conquests. Calah becomes capital.13001250 B. C.1250c. 1260 Joshua.1250(?)—The Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. End of the1290(?)—Tukulti-ninib, King of Assyria, conquers Babylon; but it soon regains its independence. Babylonian Kingdom declining in power.EMPIRE.III.WANDERING1210c. 1210Sojourn; Beginning of the History of Israel as a People. Death of Moses.1207-1075—Dynasty of Isin in Babylon;1235—Theseus, King of Athens.1233—Carthage founded.1200PERIODCONQUEST1210(?)—The Israelites enter the Land of Canaan, and begin the Conquest of Canaan. Battle of Beth-horon, 1210(?).wars between Assyria and Babylonia; continued decline of Babylonia and rise of Assyria.12001180c. 11801180(?)—Death of Joshua.1193—Trojan war begins.OFISRAELITERULEOF THEc. p1170. Othniel, Judge.c. 1130. Gideon, Judge.1170(?)—Age of the Judges in Israel begins.1130—Gideon ruling in Israel.1120-1090—Tiglath-pileser I., the first great king of Assyria,1120 B. C.1122—Chow dynasty reigning in China.1100PEOPLEJUDGESc. 1100. Jephthah, Judge.conqueror over many lands. THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE begins.11001050 B. C.1050c. 1080—Samuel, Judge.c. 1050. Saul, King.1080—Samuel, the last of the Judges.1050—Coronation of Saul, King of Israel.1089(?)—Dynasty XXI. begins; a line of kings of foreign race who obtained control in Egypt.1070—Codrus; last king of Athens.1000IV.UNITYc. 1010 David1010—David King over Judah.1003—David King over Israel.1015—Minos gives laws in Crete.1000935970. Solomon, King.KINGS OF ISRAEL.KINGS OF JUDAH.935. Jeroboam.935. Rehoboam.990—David conquers Syria, Moab, and Edom.970—Solomon, King of Israel, Syria, Moab, and Edom.935—Division of the Kingdom. Jeroboam, King of Ten Tribes (Israel). Rehoboam, King of Judah.ASSYRIAN900PERIOD925—Shishak, King of Egypt, invades Judah, and takes many cities.900(?)—Zerah, the Ethiopian (Osorkon II.), invades Egypt.900800OFDIVISION875. Ahab (Isr.)870. Jehoshaphat. (Jud.)842. Jehu (Isr.)842. Athaliah, usurper. (Jud.)836. Jehoash.875—Worship of Baal Introduced into Israel by Jezebel.870—Elijah the Prophet.842—Jehu King of Judah. Athaliah usurper in Judah.836—Revolution in Judah under Jehoiada, the Priest.885-860—Assur-nazir-pal, King of Assyria.854—Victory of Shalmaneser over Syrians and Israelites (under King Ahab) at Karkar.842—Jehu, King of Israel, pays tribute to Shalmaneser.886—Homeric Poems brought into Greece.850—Lycurgus, lawgiver of Sparta.800ISRAELITE721799. Joash. (Isr.)783. Jeroboam II. (Isr.)741. Menahem. (Isr.)730. Hoshea. (Isr.)783. Uzziah. (Jud.)735. Ahaz. (Jud.)799—Joash, King of Israel.783—Jeroboam II., King of Israel. Israelite power; Prophet Amos.769—Uzziah, King of Israel; Age of Prosperity.748—Prophet Hosea in Israel.738—Prophet Isaiah begins his Ministry. Jotham, King of Judah.730. Hoshea. (Isr.)725—Hoshea, King of Israel, in Alliance with So (or Sabakon), King of Egypt.45-727—Tiglath-pileser III., King of Assyria; great conqueror; receives tribute from Menahem, King of Israel. 732—Damascus taken.827-722—ShalmaneserIV., King. 725—Siege of Samaria begun.EMPIRE.886—Homeric Poems brought into Greece.753—Traditional founding of Rome by Romulus.750—Syracuse in Sicily founded by Corinthians.700719. Hezekiah. (Jud.)721—Fall of Samaria. Israel carried captive by Sargon II. of Assyria.701—Sennacherib's invasion of Judah.701—Defeat of Tirkahah by Sennacherib, King of Assyria.704-687—Sennacherib, King. Nineveh made capital.708—Median Kingdom begins under Deioces.700KINGDOMDECAY690. Manasseh. (Jud.)639. Josiah. (Jud.)647—Manasseh a captive at Babylon; but released later.628—Prophet Jeremiah begins Ministry.674—Invasion of Egypt by Esar-haddon, King of Assyria.665—Destruction of Thebes by the Assyrians.680-668—Esar-haddon, King. 674—Egypt invaded by Assyrians. Empire of Assyria at its culmination.668-626—Assur-bani-pal, King. Decline of Assyrian Empire begins.626 B. C.660—Japanese History begins with Jimmu Tenno whose descendants have reigned since without intermission.600608. Jehoiakim. (Jud.)621—Josiah begins great reforms. Finding of the Book of the Law.608—Death of Josiah in battle at Megiddo. Necho of Egypt invades Judah. Jehoiakim, King of Judah.606—First visit of Nebuchadnezzar to Judah; first group of Captives to Babylon.606—Necho, King of Egypt, defeated at Carchemish by Nebuchadnezzar.625-604—Nabopolassar, King of Babylon, founder of Chaldean Empire.609—FALL OF ASSYRIAN EMPIRE. Nineveh destroyed by the Medes.608—Victory of Nebuchadnezzar, son of Nabopolassar, over Necho, King of Egypt, at Carchemish. CHALDEAN EMPIRE begins (606-536).604-562—Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon.CHALDEAN EMPIRE658—Byzantium founded by Byzas. 640—Media independent of Assyria.621—Laws of Draco in Athens.600587 B. C.587597. Zedekiah.598—Chaldeans invade Judah a second time.592—Prophet Ezekiel in Chaldea.586—Jerusalem taken and destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar.585-573—Siege of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar.593—Laws of Solon in Athens.578—Money coined in Rome.PERIOD OFCHALDEAN RULE 536936. Zerubbabel, Prince.586—Fall of Jerusalem; end of Kingdom of Judah; Jews taken to Babylon536—Decree of Cyrus, King of Persia,567—Egypt invaded by Nebuchadnezzar, but not held.562—Rapid decline of Chaldean power after death of Nebuchadnezzar.558-536—Nabonidus, last king of Babylon. He associates his son Belshazzar in the government.536 B. C.560—Pisistratus usurps rule at Athens.557—Buddha born in India.550—Confucius born. Laocius and Mencius,500THE JEWISH PROVINCEpermitting return of Exiled Jews.535—Rebuilding of Temple begun. 522—Discontinued.520—Prophets Haggai and Zechariah.515—Second Temple completed.525—Egypt conquered by Persians under Cambyses and annexed to the Persian empire. From that time until 332 Egypt was under Persian rule.553—Cyrus, the Persian, conquers the Medes. Beginning of Persian power.536—Babylon taken by Cyrus. End of Chaldean Empire.530-330—THE PERSIAN EMPIRE.529-521—Cambyses, King of Persia. Egypt conquered.521-486—Darius, King of Persia.the other Chinese sages, lived in same century. 546—Cyrus overthrows empire of Crœsus.510—Romans abolish royalty; Government by Consuls begins.510—Africa first circumnavigated.500—Pythagoras teaching in Greece.500400PERIOD(END OF OLD TESTAMENT)PERSIAN458. Ezra.444. Nehemiah.478—Esther's deliverance.458—Ezra's visit to Jerusalem.444—Nehemiah rebuilds the Wall of Jerusalem.440—Separation of Samaritans from Jews.400(?)—Malachi, last of Old Testament Prophets.491—Darius, King of Persia, invades Greece. 490—Battle of Marathon. Greeks victorious over Persians.486-466—Xerxes (Ahasuerus in book of Esther), King of Persia.481—Expedition of Xerxes into Greece.466-425—Artaxerxes Longimanus, King of Persia. Empire declining in power.425—Xerxes II., King of Persia.PERSIAN EMPIRE.490—Battle of Lake Regillus in Italy.490—Battle of Marathon in Greece.418—Battle of Mantinea in Greece.400—Retreat of the Ten Thousand in Persia.400OF330 B. C.350. Jaddua, High Priest.330. Onias, High Priest.350—Jaddua, High Priest.332—Visit of Alexander the Great to Judea.330—Onias, High Priest.332—Alexander the Great receives the submission of Egypt.361—Artaxerxes (or Darius) Ochus, King of Persia.336—Darius Codomannus, last king of Persia.330—Persian Empire conquered by Alexander the Great (Battle of Arbela.)330 B. C.399—Death of Socrates.300300. Simon the Just, High Priest.305—Jerusalem taken by Ptolemy Lagus, of Egypt. Judea subject to Egypt.300. Simon the Just, High Priest.328—Ptolemy Soter establishes the Greek kingdom of Egypt.323—Alexander the Great dies at Babylon.301—Alexander's empire divided among his four generals Ptolemy, Seleucus, Cassander, Lysimachus.300200JEWISHGREEKRULE275(?)—Translation of the Old Testament into Greek begun (Septuagint.)286—The Alexandrian library and Museum began by King Ptolemy II., Philadelphus.247-225—Reign of Ptolemy Euergetes, ablest and most powerful of the Ptolemies.205-182—Reign of Ptolemy V. Epiphanes.KINGDOMS OF ALEXANDER'S264—First Punic war begun by Rome.216—Battle of Cannae; overthrow of Hannibal.211—Wall of China completed.200168 B. C.197—Palestine annexed to kingdom of Syria under Antiochus III.168—Persecution of the Jews by Antiochus IV. (Epiphanes).168—Revolt of Mattathias against Syrian rule.187—Seleucus IV., Philopator, King of Syria.175—Antiochus IV., Epiphanes, King of Syria.100PROVINCEJEWISH INDEPENDENCE166. Judas Maccabeus166—Judas Maccabeus, Liberator and Ruler of Judea.107—Aristobulus assumes title of King of Judea.105—Rise of Sects, Pharisees and Sadducees.165—The Roman senate intervenes in Egypt.162—Demetrius I., Soter, King of Syria.SUCCESSORS.123—The Gracchi in Rome.10063. Antipater.63—Jerusalem taken by Pompey; Romans intervene in Judea.63—Antipater, Ruler, under Roman authority.69—Syria and Armenia conquered by Romans.60 B. C.43 B. C.43. Herod, the Great.43—Herod the Great made King by Roman Senate.52-30—Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt.41—Assassination of Julius Caesar.A. D.458. Ezra.444. Nehemiah.4 B.C.—Jesus born at Bethlehem. 4 B.C.—Death of Herod.30—Egypt becomes a Roman province.27—Syria made an imperial province of Roman empire.ROMAN27—Augustus, Emperor of Roman World.A. D.1ROMAN26. Pontius Pilate, Procurator.41. Herod Agrippa I. King of Judea.52. Felix, Procurator.60. Festus, Procurator.26—Ministry of John the Baptist.30—Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Ascension of Christ.37—Conversion of St. Paul.50—Council of Christian Church at Jerusalem.68—Revolt of Jews against Roman Empire.68—Martyrdom of St. Paul.70—Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus.EMPIRE.14—Tiberius, Emperor.41—Claudius, Emperor.54—Nero, Emperor.79—Titus, Emperor.A. D.100RULE100 A. D.100
4700(?)—Egypt founded by Menes. Old Kingdom (Dynasties I.-X.). Memphis earliest capital.
3500(?)—Pyramids built (Dynasty IV.).
2900(?)—Middle kingdom begins (Dynasties XI.-XVII.)
4500 B.C.—Kingdoms existing in Babylonia.4000(?)—City of Babylon founded.
3900(?)—Rise of Ur to power.
3000—Nineveh in existence.
2850--China founded by Fu-hi.
2454(?)—First dynasty of kings begins to reign at Babylon with Su-mu-abi.Eleven kings reigning 2454 to 2151(?).
2357—Lao reigning in China.
c. 2280(?)—Call and migration of Abraham.
2280(?)—Hammurabi
c. 2270(?)—Abraham's Victory over the Five Kings. [Gen. 14]
c. 2232(?)—The Offering of Isaac on Mount Moriah.
(Amraphel(?)) 2280 B.C. (Gen. 14), sixth king of the first dynasty reigning at Babylon. He conquered many states, established a code of laws, and may be regarded as founder of the early Babylonian Empire.
c. 2045(?)—Death of Jacob in Egypt.
1993(?)—Death of Joseph in Egypt The Israelites remain in the Land of Goshen, between Egypt and the Wilderness, from about 2062 to 1250 B.C. [dates very very uncertain]. During most of this period the Hyksos or Shepherd-Kings, friendly to the Israelites, were ruling in Egypt.
1500—The Israelites still in Egypt.
About 1570 the war of liberation from the Hyksos began under Dynasty XVIII., and the New Kingdom opened.
1570-1320(?)—Dynasty XVIII. reigning (Amosis, Amenophis, Queen Hatasu, Thutmosis (Thotmes) III., Amenophis II., Amenophis III., Amenophis IV.). A period of conquest. Egyptian invasion of Syria about 1490(?) (Thutmosis III.). Battle of Esdraelon in Canaan. Tell-el-Amarna letters written in reigns of Amenophis III. and IV.
1800—An Assyrian Kingdom in existence, but subject to Babylon. Asshur, or its capital.
1782—Third dynasty of kings of Babylon, beginning with Gandish, reigning 1782-1767. This dynasty, known as Kassites, came from Elam, conquered Babylonia, and held rule until 1207. Not much is known of Babylonian history during this period; but the kingdom was declining.
1500-1207—Kassite dynasty still reigning at Babylon.
1430—Assur-nadin-akhi. King of Assyria. (From this reign, regular lists of Assyrian kings; and their kingdom grows in power.)
1400—Rise of Hittite Kingdom in Asia Minor.
About 1330(?) begins the Oppression of the Israelites under Dynasty XIX. in Egypt. About the same time 1330 (?) Moses was born. All the dates of this period are uncertain.
1359(?)—Dynasty XIX. begins. Seti I. powerful ruler and conqueror. Rameses II., "Pharaoh of the Oppression" (?). Merenepthah, "Pharaoh of the Exodus" (?). Decline of Egyptian power. Rameses III., date unknown.
1300(?)—Shalmaneser I., King of Assyria, begins conquests. Calah becomes capital.
1250(?)—The Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. End of the
1290(?)—Tukulti-ninib, King of Assyria, conquers Babylon; but it soon regains its independence. Babylonian Kingdom declining in power.
Sojourn; Beginning of the History of Israel as a People. Death of Moses.
1207-1075—Dynasty of Isin in Babylon;
1235—Theseus, King of Athens.
1233—Carthage founded.
1210(?)—The Israelites enter the Land of Canaan, and begin the Conquest of Canaan. Battle of Beth-horon, 1210(?).
wars between Assyria and Babylonia; continued decline of Babylonia and rise of Assyria.
1180(?)—Death of Joshua.
1193—Trojan war begins.
c. p1170. Othniel, Judge.
c. 1130. Gideon, Judge.
1170(?)—Age of the Judges in Israel begins.
1130—Gideon ruling in Israel.
1120-1090—Tiglath-pileser I., the first great king of Assyria,
1122—Chow dynasty reigning in China.
c. 1100. Jephthah, Judge.
conqueror over many lands. THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE begins.
c. 1080—Samuel, Judge.
c. 1050. Saul, King.
1080—Samuel, the last of the Judges.
1050—Coronation of Saul, King of Israel.
1089(?)—Dynasty XXI. begins; a line of kings of foreign race who obtained control in Egypt.
1070—Codrus; last king of Athens.
1010—David King over Judah.
1003—David King over Israel.
1015—Minos gives laws in Crete.
KINGS OF ISRAEL.KINGS OF JUDAH.935. Jeroboam.935. Rehoboam.
990—David conquers Syria, Moab, and Edom.
970—Solomon, King of Israel, Syria, Moab, and Edom.
935—Division of the Kingdom. Jeroboam, King of Ten Tribes (Israel). Rehoboam, King of Judah.
925—Shishak, King of Egypt, invades Judah, and takes many cities.
900(?)—Zerah, the Ethiopian (Osorkon II.), invades Egypt.
875. Ahab (Isr.)870. Jehoshaphat. (Jud.)842. Jehu (Isr.)842. Athaliah, usurper. (Jud.)836. Jehoash.
875—Worship of Baal Introduced into Israel by Jezebel.
870—Elijah the Prophet.
842—Jehu King of Judah. Athaliah usurper in Judah.
836—Revolution in Judah under Jehoiada, the Priest.
885-860—Assur-nazir-pal, King of Assyria.
854—Victory of Shalmaneser over Syrians and Israelites (under King Ahab) at Karkar.
842—Jehu, King of Israel, pays tribute to Shalmaneser.
886—Homeric Poems brought into Greece.
850—Lycurgus, lawgiver of Sparta.
799. Joash. (Isr.)783. Jeroboam II. (Isr.)741. Menahem. (Isr.)730. Hoshea. (Isr.)783. Uzziah. (Jud.)735. Ahaz. (Jud.)
799—Joash, King of Israel.
783—Jeroboam II., King of Israel. Israelite power; Prophet Amos.
769—Uzziah, King of Israel; Age of Prosperity.
748—Prophet Hosea in Israel.
738—Prophet Isaiah begins his Ministry. Jotham, King of Judah.
730. Hoshea. (Isr.)
725—Hoshea, King of Israel, in Alliance with So (or Sabakon), King of Egypt.
45-727—Tiglath-pileser III., King of Assyria; great conqueror; receives tribute from Menahem, King of Israel. 732—Damascus taken.
827-722—ShalmaneserIV., King. 725—Siege of Samaria begun.
886—Homeric Poems brought into Greece.
753—Traditional founding of Rome by Romulus.
750—Syracuse in Sicily founded by Corinthians.
721—Fall of Samaria. Israel carried captive by Sargon II. of Assyria.
701—Sennacherib's invasion of Judah.
701—Defeat of Tirkahah by Sennacherib, King of Assyria.
704-687—Sennacherib, King. Nineveh made capital.
708—Median Kingdom begins under Deioces.
647—Manasseh a captive at Babylon; but released later.
628—Prophet Jeremiah begins Ministry.
674—Invasion of Egypt by Esar-haddon, King of Assyria.
665—Destruction of Thebes by the Assyrians.
680-668—Esar-haddon, King. 674—Egypt invaded by Assyrians. Empire of Assyria at its culmination.
668-626—Assur-bani-pal, King. Decline of Assyrian Empire begins.
660—Japanese History begins with Jimmu Tenno whose descendants have reigned since without intermission.
621—Josiah begins great reforms. Finding of the Book of the Law.
608—Death of Josiah in battle at Megiddo. Necho of Egypt invades Judah. Jehoiakim, King of Judah.
606—First visit of Nebuchadnezzar to Judah; first group of Captives to Babylon.
606—Necho, King of Egypt, defeated at Carchemish by Nebuchadnezzar.
625-604—Nabopolassar, King of Babylon, founder of Chaldean Empire.
609—FALL OF ASSYRIAN EMPIRE. Nineveh destroyed by the Medes.
608—Victory of Nebuchadnezzar, son of Nabopolassar, over Necho, King of Egypt, at Carchemish. CHALDEAN EMPIRE begins (606-536).
604-562—Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon.
658—Byzantium founded by Byzas. 640—Media independent of Assyria.
621—Laws of Draco in Athens.
598—Chaldeans invade Judah a second time.
592—Prophet Ezekiel in Chaldea.
586—Jerusalem taken and destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar.
585-573—Siege of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar.
593—Laws of Solon in Athens.
578—Money coined in Rome.
586—Fall of Jerusalem; end of Kingdom of Judah; Jews taken to Babylon
536—Decree of Cyrus, King of Persia,
567—Egypt invaded by Nebuchadnezzar, but not held.
562—Rapid decline of Chaldean power after death of Nebuchadnezzar.
558-536—Nabonidus, last king of Babylon. He associates his son Belshazzar in the government.
560—Pisistratus usurps rule at Athens.
557—Buddha born in India.
550—Confucius born. Laocius and Mencius,
permitting return of Exiled Jews.
535—Rebuilding of Temple begun. 522—Discontinued.
520—Prophets Haggai and Zechariah.
515—Second Temple completed.
525—Egypt conquered by Persians under Cambyses and annexed to the Persian empire. From that time until 332 Egypt was under Persian rule.
553—Cyrus, the Persian, conquers the Medes. Beginning of Persian power.
536—Babylon taken by Cyrus. End of Chaldean Empire.
530-330—THE PERSIAN EMPIRE.
529-521—Cambyses, King of Persia. Egypt conquered.
521-486—Darius, King of Persia.
the other Chinese sages, lived in same century. 546—Cyrus overthrows empire of Crœsus.
510—Romans abolish royalty; Government by Consuls begins.
510—Africa first circumnavigated.
500—Pythagoras teaching in Greece.
478—Esther's deliverance.
458—Ezra's visit to Jerusalem.
444—Nehemiah rebuilds the Wall of Jerusalem.
440—Separation of Samaritans from Jews.
400(?)—Malachi, last of Old Testament Prophets.
491—Darius, King of Persia, invades Greece. 490—Battle of Marathon. Greeks victorious over Persians.
486-466—Xerxes (Ahasuerus in book of Esther), King of Persia.
481—Expedition of Xerxes into Greece.
466-425—Artaxerxes Longimanus, King of Persia. Empire declining in power.
425—Xerxes II., King of Persia.
490—Battle of Lake Regillus in Italy.
490—Battle of Marathon in Greece.
418—Battle of Mantinea in Greece.
400—Retreat of the Ten Thousand in Persia.
350—Jaddua, High Priest.
332—Visit of Alexander the Great to Judea.
330—Onias, High Priest.
332—Alexander the Great receives the submission of Egypt.
361—Artaxerxes (or Darius) Ochus, King of Persia.
336—Darius Codomannus, last king of Persia.
330—Persian Empire conquered by Alexander the Great (Battle of Arbela.)
399—Death of Socrates.
300. Simon the Just, High Priest.
305—Jerusalem taken by Ptolemy Lagus, of Egypt. Judea subject to Egypt.
300. Simon the Just, High Priest.
328—Ptolemy Soter establishes the Greek kingdom of Egypt.
323—Alexander the Great dies at Babylon.
301—Alexander's empire divided among his four generals Ptolemy, Seleucus, Cassander, Lysimachus.
275(?)—Translation of the Old Testament into Greek begun (Septuagint.)
286—The Alexandrian library and Museum began by King Ptolemy II., Philadelphus.
247-225—Reign of Ptolemy Euergetes, ablest and most powerful of the Ptolemies.
205-182—Reign of Ptolemy V. Epiphanes.
264—First Punic war begun by Rome.
216—Battle of Cannae; overthrow of Hannibal.
211—Wall of China completed.
197—Palestine annexed to kingdom of Syria under Antiochus III.
168—Persecution of the Jews by Antiochus IV. (Epiphanes).
168—Revolt of Mattathias against Syrian rule.
187—Seleucus IV., Philopator, King of Syria.
175—Antiochus IV., Epiphanes, King of Syria.
166. Judas Maccabeus
166—Judas Maccabeus, Liberator and Ruler of Judea.
107—Aristobulus assumes title of King of Judea.
105—Rise of Sects, Pharisees and Sadducees.
165—The Roman senate intervenes in Egypt.
162—Demetrius I., Soter, King of Syria.
123—The Gracchi in Rome.
63. Antipater.
63—Jerusalem taken by Pompey; Romans intervene in Judea.
63—Antipater, Ruler, under Roman authority.
69—Syria and Armenia conquered by Romans.
43. Herod, the Great.
43—Herod the Great made King by Roman Senate.
52-30—Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt.
41—Assassination of Julius Caesar.
4 B.C.—Jesus born at Bethlehem. 4 B.C.—Death of Herod.
30—Egypt becomes a Roman province.
27—Syria made an imperial province of Roman empire.
27—Augustus, Emperor of Roman World.
26. Pontius Pilate, Procurator.
41. Herod Agrippa I. King of Judea.
52. Felix, Procurator.
60. Festus, Procurator.
26—Ministry of John the Baptist.
30—Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Ascension of Christ.
37—Conversion of St. Paul.
50—Council of Christian Church at Jerusalem.
68—Revolt of Jews against Roman Empire.
68—Martyrdom of St. Paul.
70—Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus.
14—Tiberius, Emperor.
41—Claudius, Emperor.
54—Nero, Emperor.
79—Titus, Emperor.