Terpsiphone paradisi borneensis(Hartert): Paradise Flycatcher.—Specimens, 6: Cocoa Research Station: ♂ testis 9 × 5 mm., July 11, 1962, MCT 2616; ♂ testis 2 × 1 mm., 21.2 gm., August 3, 1962, MCT 2719; ♀, June 10, 1963, ADG 119. 12 mi. N Kalabakan: ♂, October 19, 1962, MCT 3090; ♀, November 10, 1962, MCT 3240. Oil Palm Research Station: ♀, August 24, 1963, ADG 258.
At Quoin Hill this species was common in primary forest. One of the males (MCT 2719) was rust-colored. It and similar rufous males may be immature (see Owen, 1963:235).
At Quoin Hill this species was common in primary forest. One of the males (MCT 2719) was rust-colored. It and similar rufous males may be immature (see Owen, 1963:235).
Pachycephala whiteheadi homeyeri(Blasius): Whitehead's Thick-head.—Specimens, 2: Siamil Island: ♀, September 19, 1962, MCT 2931; ♂, September 19, 1962, MCT 2932.
The thick-heads were by far the most common passerine bird in the relict forest on Siamil Island, being quite tame and easily approached. They generally spent most of their time sitting on branches of forest vines and bushes in the understory and were never observed in the upper story. McGregor (1910:604) describes the species as: "Common on Tawi Tawi, less so in Sulu. A deep woods bird; tame and easily shot. Feeds on insects, and usually keeps some distance above the ground."The two specimens recorded above provide the first record of this species from Borneo, the previously known range being confined to the Philippine Islands. My material closely resembled the subspecies found on Tawi-Tawi and here is assigned toP. w. homeyeri.
The thick-heads were by far the most common passerine bird in the relict forest on Siamil Island, being quite tame and easily approached. They generally spent most of their time sitting on branches of forest vines and bushes in the understory and were never observed in the upper story. McGregor (1910:604) describes the species as: "Common on Tawi Tawi, less so in Sulu. A deep woods bird; tame and easily shot. Feeds on insects, and usually keeps some distance above the ground."
The two specimens recorded above provide the first record of this species from Borneo, the previously known range being confined to the Philippine Islands. My material closely resembled the subspecies found on Tawi-Tawi and here is assigned toP. w. homeyeri.
Motacilla caspica melanopePallas: Gray Wagtail.—Specimen, 1: Cocoa Research Station: ♀, October 4, 1962, MCT 2991.
I saw this migrant first at the research station on August 25, 1962, along a dirt road, and it was subsequently seen many times along logging roads in secondary forest.
I saw this migrant first at the research station on August 25, 1962, along a dirt road, and it was subsequently seen many times along logging roads in secondary forest.
Artamus leucorhynchus leucorhynchusLinnaeus: White-breasted Swallow Shrike.—Specimens, 2: Tuaran: sex?, December 6, 1963, SCFC F13; ♀, December 7, 1963, SCFC F15.
Lanius cristatus lucionensisLinnaeus: Brown Shrike.—Specimen, 1: Tuaran: ♂, January 12, 1963, MCT 3593.
One bird was observed near our sulap 12 miles north of Kalabakan on October 22 and 26, 1962. The specimen was netted in a paddy field and others were seen at Tuaran.
One bird was observed near our sulap 12 miles north of Kalabakan on October 22 and 26, 1962. The specimen was netted in a paddy field and others were seen at Tuaran.
Lanius tigrinusDrapiez: Thick-billed Shrike.—Specimens, 2: Tiger Estate: ♂, November 25, 1962, MCT 3316. Cocoa Research Station: ♀, November 29, 1962, MCT 3383.
The specimen taken on November 29, was netted in a small clearing in primary forest.
The specimen taken on November 29, was netted in a small clearing in primary forest.
Aplonis panayensis strigatus(Horsfield): Glossy Starling.—Specimens, 2: Tiger Estate: ♀, October 11, 1962, MCT 3001; ♀, November 25, 1962, MCT 3322. Tuaran: ♀, March 21, 1963, ADG 35; sex?, December 1, 1963, EJHB 616.
This species was in the lowlands around Semporna, Siamil Island, Brantian Estate, and Tawau.
This species was in the lowlands around Semporna, Siamil Island, Brantian Estate, and Tawau.
Gracula religiosa religiosaLinnaeus: Talking Myna.—Specimens, 3: Tiger Estate: ♀, October 11, 1962, MCT 3020. Cocoa Research Station: ♂, May 28, 1963, ADG 114. Gum-Gum: ♀, September 9, 1963, ADG 277.
This was a common bird at Quoin Hill but was not seen elsewhere by me. It frequented the dead trees in the cocoa.
This was a common bird at Quoin Hill but was not seen elsewhere by me. It frequented the dead trees in the cocoa.
Anthreptes simplex(S. Müller): Plain-colored Sunbird.—Specimens, 6: Cocoa Research Station: ♀ imm., 8.0 gm., August 11, 1962, MCT 2768; ♂ imm., 10.0 gm., August 11, 1962, MCT 2769; ♂, 7.0 gm., September 6, 1962, MCT 2878; ♂, September 25, 1962, MCT 2959; ♀, November 27, 1962, MCT 3332; ♂, November 27, 1962, MCT 3343.
This common bird at Quoin Hill frequented flowers of the Tree Cassava. Trees of that species were shade trees in the cocoa.
This common bird at Quoin Hill frequented flowers of the Tree Cassava. Trees of that species were shade trees in the cocoa.
Anthreptes malacensisssp. (Scopoli): Brown-throated Sunbird.—Specimens, 2: Tenom: ♂, January 3, 1963, MCT 3573; ♂ testis 5 × 4 mm., January 4, 1963, MCT 3576.
One of the specimens (MCT 3576) was molting into adult male plumage; the size of its testes suggests that this bird was also coming into breeding condition, all of which seemingly lends support to Chasen's (1939:401) suspicion that the species has an eclipse plumage. Lacking specimens in breeding plumage, I was unable to determine the subspecific affinities of the population at Tenom.This species was observed also on Siamil Island.
One of the specimens (MCT 3576) was molting into adult male plumage; the size of its testes suggests that this bird was also coming into breeding condition, all of which seemingly lends support to Chasen's (1939:401) suspicion that the species has an eclipse plumage. Lacking specimens in breeding plumage, I was unable to determine the subspecific affinities of the population at Tenom.
This species was observed also on Siamil Island.
Anthreptes rhodolaemaShelley: Rufous-throated Sunbird.—Specimens, 14: Cocoa Research Station: ♂ testis 3 × 3 mm., 12.5 gm., August 9, 1962, MCT 2742; ♂ testis 5 × 3 mm., 15.0 gm., August 9, 1962, MCT 2743; ♀, 13.5 gm., August 9, 1962, MCT 2744; ♀ imm., 12.7 gm., August 9, 1962, MCT 2745; ♂ testis 3 × 2 mm., 13.5 gm., August 10, 1962, MCT 2749; ♂, 13.0 gm., August 10, 1962, MCT 2750; ♀, 12.0 gm., August 10, 1962, MCT 2751; ♀ imm., 10.8 gm., August 13, 1962, MCT 2775; ♂, September 4, 1962, MCT 2869; ♀ largest ova 3 mm., oviduct enlarged, 12.0 gm., September 12, 1962, MCT 2905; ♀, November 27, 1962, MCT 3350; ♂, November 27, 1962, MCT 3351; ♂, November 27, 1962, MCT 3355.
The Rufous-throated Sunbirds were the most common sunbirds at the Cocoa Research Station. They seemed to prefer foraging about flowers of the Tree Cassava. The stomachs of those examined contained insects. The absence ofA. malacensissuggests that these two species are mutually exclusive.
The Rufous-throated Sunbirds were the most common sunbirds at the Cocoa Research Station. They seemed to prefer foraging about flowers of the Tree Cassava. The stomachs of those examined contained insects. The absence ofA. malacensissuggests that these two species are mutually exclusive.
Anthreptes singalensis borneana(Kloss): Ruby-cheeked Sunbird.—Specimens, 3: Cocoa Research Station: ♂, 8.0 gm., August 23, 1962, MCT 2801; ♂, November 29, 1962, MCT 3385; ♀, 8.4 gm., August 10, 1962, MCT 2752.
This species seemed to prefer secondary forest or cocoa as a habitat and was an uncommon bird at Quoin Hill.
This species seemed to prefer secondary forest or cocoa as a habitat and was an uncommon bird at Quoin Hill.
Nectarinia sperata(Linnaeus): Van Hasselt's Sunbird.—Fred Dunn saw a male in secondary forest near the Cocoa Research Station.
Nectarinia jugularis(Linnaeus): Yellow-breasted Sunbird.—This sunbird was abundant in the coconut palms at Siamil Island. The species was observed also at exotic flowering plants in Tawau.
Nectarinia hypogrammica hypogrammicaS. Müller: Purple-naped Sunbird.—Specimens, 10: Cocoa Research Station: ♀, November 27, 1962, MCT 3334: ♂, July 7, 1963, ADG 167. 12 mi. N Kalabakan: ♂ testis 3 × 5 mm., October 14, 1962, MCT 3035; ♂, October 15, 1962, MCT 3047; ♂, October 23, 1962, MCT 3133; ♂, October 24, 1962, MCT 3145; ♂, November 2, 1962, MCT 3203; ♀, November 15, 1962, MCT 3287. Oil Palm Research Station: ♀, August 16, 1963, ADG 247; ♂, August 27, 1963, ADG 262.
This common species of secondary forest at Quoin Hill seems to prefer spiders and various insects for food. I saw one bird removing dead leaves from a tree and picking out the spiders that had taken over the curled leaves as shelters. I also saw birds of this species hover before spiderwebs and remove the spiders.A specimen taken on November 15, 1962, was in heavy molt.
This common species of secondary forest at Quoin Hill seems to prefer spiders and various insects for food. I saw one bird removing dead leaves from a tree and picking out the spiders that had taken over the curled leaves as shelters. I also saw birds of this species hover before spiderwebs and remove the spiders.
A specimen taken on November 15, 1962, was in heavy molt.
Aethopyga mystacalis(Temminck): Scarlet Sunbird.—Specimen, 1: Cocoa Research Station: ♂, 6.0 gm., September 12, 1962, MCT 2903.
This specimen was molting from a drab to an adult type male plumage. I saw this species only one other time at Quoin Hill, but on December 26 I saw two males feeding among epiphytic plants in the moss forest above Tenom. The condition of the specimen's plumage prevented its identification to subspecies (presumablyA. m. temmincki).
This specimen was molting from a drab to an adult type male plumage. I saw this species only one other time at Quoin Hill, but on December 26 I saw two males feeding among epiphytic plants in the moss forest above Tenom. The condition of the specimen's plumage prevented its identification to subspecies (presumablyA. m. temmincki).
Aethopyga siparaja(Raffles): Yellow-backed Sunbird.—Specimens, 3: Tawau: ♂ testis 5 × 5 mm., September 2, 1962, MCT 2861. Tiger Estate: ♂, October 11, 1962, MCT 2999. Oil Palm Research Station: ♀, August 13, 1963, ADG 231.
This sunbird was common around flowers at Kalabakan and Brantian Estate.Unfortunately, I lack enough specimens to make a subspecific identification. The specimen from Tawau differs fromA. s. siparaja, however, only in having darker wings; it closely resembles the type and the series that Oberholser used when describingA. s. ochrapyrrha.
This sunbird was common around flowers at Kalabakan and Brantian Estate.
Unfortunately, I lack enough specimens to make a subspecific identification. The specimen from Tawau differs fromA. s. siparaja, however, only in having darker wings; it closely resembles the type and the series that Oberholser used when describingA. s. ochrapyrrha.
Arachnothera longirostris buttikoferivan Oort: Little Spiderhunter.—Specimens, 58: Cocoa Research Station: ♂, 16.2 gm., August 13, 1962, MCT 2777; ♂, 15.6 gm., August 22, 1962, MCT 2796; ♂ testis 6 × 4 mm., 16.0 gm., September 13, 1962, MCT 2913; ♀, December 1, 1962, MCT 3399; ♂ testis 4 × 3 mm., December 2, 1962, MCT 3431; ♂, November 27, 1962, MCT 3347; ♀, November 27, 1962, MCT 3348; ♂, November 28, 1962,MCT 3366; ♂, November 28, 1962, MCT 3367; ♀, November 28, 1962, MCT 3368; ♀, November 28, 1962, MCT 3369; ♂, November 28, 1962, MCT 3370; ♀, November 28, 1962, MCT 3371; ♂, November 28, 1962, MCT 3372; ♂, November 29, 1962, MCT 3386; ♂, December 1, 1962, MCT 3397; ♂, December 1, 1962, MCT 3398; ♀, December 2, 1962, MCT 3430; ♀?, November 30, 1962, MCT 3443; ♀, April 26, 1962, ADG 60; ♂, April 27, 1963, ADG 70; ♂, April 27, 1962, ADG 73; ♂, April 18, 1963, ADG 78; ♂, April 28, 1963, ADG 80; ♂, April 29, 1963, ADG 86; ♂, April 29, 1963, ADG 87; ♂, April 30, 1962, ADG 93. 12 mi. N Kalabakan: ♀, October 16, 1962, MCT 3050; ♂, October 16, 1962, MCT 3051; ♂ testis 4 × 2 mm., October 18, 1962, MCT 3073; ♀, October 17, 1962, MCT 3064; ♂ testis 7 × 5 mm., October 19, 1962, MCT 3079; ♀, October 19, 1962, MCT 3093; ♂, October 21, 1962, MCT 3120; ♂, October 23, 1962, MCT 3134; ♂ testis enlarged, October 25, 1962, MCT 3150; ♂ testis 7 × 5 mm., October 26, 1962, MCT 3156; ♀, October 28, 1962, MCT 3173; ♂, November 2, 1962, MCT 3204; ♂, November 4, 1962, MCT 3209; ♂ testis 5 × 4 mm., November 4, 1962, MCT 3210; ♂ testis 2 × 1 mm., November 6, 1962, MCT 3214; ♀, November 11, 1962, MCT 3252. Kalabakan: ♀, November 15, 1962, MCT 3278; ♀ 2 eggs in oviduct, ovary enlarged, brood patch, November 15, 1962, MCT 3279; ♀ brood patch, two collapsed follicles, November 15, 1962, MCT 3280; ♂ testis 7 × 6 mm., November 15, 1962, MCT 3281; ♀ brood patch, egg in oviduct, largest ovum 6 mm., November 15, 1962, MCT 3286; ♂ testis 7 × 6 mm., November 16, 1962, MCT 3290; ♂ testis 3 × 2 mm., November 16, 1962, MCT 3294; ♀, November 16, 1962, MCT 3295; ♂ testis 6 × 3 mm., November 17, 1962, MCT 3297; ♂ testis 5 × 5 mm., November 17, 1962, MCT 3298; ♀, November 17, 1962, MCT 3299. 5.5 mi. SW Tenom: ♀, December 26, 1962, MCT 3538. Gum-Gum: ♂, October 4, 1963, ADG 290; ♀, October 5, 1963, ADG 294; ♀, October 5, 1963, ADG 295.
This was the most common of all the spiderhunters, and was found at all localities. It was readily taken in mist nets. Unlike most birds, these spiderhunters become quite agitated in nets, and within a few minutes usually strangle themselves.From October 16 through November 11, I took several specimens 12 miles north of Kalabakan, but only one in breeding condition. On November 15, I moved 12 miles back to Kalabakan from an elevation of 600 feet to an elevation of 50 feet. As can be seen from the specimen-data, nearly all the females then collected either had nests with eggs or were approaching oviposition. The specimens were all taken in nets in an area approximately 200 feet square. On November 20 at the Brantian Estate a bird sitting on a branch six inches up in secondary forest jumped down to the ground and fed on unknown material.
This was the most common of all the spiderhunters, and was found at all localities. It was readily taken in mist nets. Unlike most birds, these spiderhunters become quite agitated in nets, and within a few minutes usually strangle themselves.
From October 16 through November 11, I took several specimens 12 miles north of Kalabakan, but only one in breeding condition. On November 15, I moved 12 miles back to Kalabakan from an elevation of 600 feet to an elevation of 50 feet. As can be seen from the specimen-data, nearly all the females then collected either had nests with eggs or were approaching oviposition. The specimens were all taken in nets in an area approximately 200 feet square. On November 20 at the Brantian Estate a bird sitting on a branch six inches up in secondary forest jumped down to the ground and fed on unknown material.
Arachnothera crassirostris(Reichenbach): Thick-billed Spiderhunter.—Specimen, 1: Cocoa Research Station: ♀, 14.8 gm., August 9, 1962, MCT 2746.
This spiderhunter was recorded on the basis of one specimen and one sight record. One seen in secondary forest would dart out from its perch on a limb, hover near the end of a branch, and then return to its perch. No flowers were visible and I assumed that the bird was catching insects.
This spiderhunter was recorded on the basis of one specimen and one sight record. One seen in secondary forest would dart out from its perch on a limb, hover near the end of a branch, and then return to its perch. No flowers were visible and I assumed that the bird was catching insects.
Arachnothera flavigaster(Eyton): Greater Yellow-eared Spiderhunter.—Specimens, 9: Cocoa Research Station: ♀ imm., 36.3 gm., August 21, 1962, MCT 2789; ♀ imm., 38.4 gm., August 21, 1962, MCT 2790; ♀, 38.4 gm., August 22, 1962, MCT 2795; ♀ brood patch, largest ova 2 mm., November 27, 1962, MCT 3330; ♂, November 28, 1962, MCT 3359; ♂ testis 7 × 6 mm., November 29, 1962, MCT 3379; ♂, November 30, 1962, MCT 3395; ♀, April 27, 1963, ADG 66; ♀, April 27, 1963, ADG 67.
This species was met with only at Quoin Hill, where it was common around the abaca and wild bananas. The primary diet seemed to be pollen, nectar, and spiders. I found it easy to differentiate from the next species in the field (see below).
This species was met with only at Quoin Hill, where it was common around the abaca and wild bananas. The primary diet seemed to be pollen, nectar, and spiders. I found it easy to differentiate from the next species in the field (see below).
Arachnothera chrysogenys harrissoniDeignan: Lesser Yellow-eared Spiderhunter.—Specimens, 4: Cocoa Research Station: ♀, 23.5 gm., August 21, 1962, MCT 2788; ♂, April 27, 1963, ADG 68; ♂, April 30, 1963, ADG 92; ♂, May 27, 1963, ADG 113.
I observed this species at Quoin Hill only once, but Garcia took three specimens at the same locality. He labels his specimens as taken in primary forest. I never saw the species there and took my one specimen in the abaca, where the bird was eating spiders, nectar, and pollen. The chief characters distinguishing this species fromA. flavigasterwere the tuft of yellow feathers on the side of the head and the narrow eye ring inA. chrysogenys.
I observed this species at Quoin Hill only once, but Garcia took three specimens at the same locality. He labels his specimens as taken in primary forest. I never saw the species there and took my one specimen in the abaca, where the bird was eating spiders, nectar, and pollen. The chief characters distinguishing this species fromA. flavigasterwere the tuft of yellow feathers on the side of the head and the narrow eye ring inA. chrysogenys.
Arachnothera affinis parsRiley: Gray-breasted Spiderhunter.—Specimens, 27: Cocoa Research Station: ♂, 27.2 gm., August 13, 1962, MCT 2771; ♀, 22.2 gm., August 13, 1962, MCT 2772; ♀ imm., 21.1 gm., August 13, 1962, MCT 2773; ♂, 29.2 gm., August 13, 1962, MCT 2774; ♂, 27.0 gm., August 21, 1962, MCT 2791; ♂, 26.6 gm., August 21, 1962, MCT 2792; ♂, April 27, 1963, ADG 65; ♀ imm., May 1, 1963, ADG 99; ♂, June 12, 1963, ADG 126; ♂, June 20, 1963, ADG 154-B. 12 mi. N Kalabakan: ♀, October 15, 1962, MCT 3046; ♀, October 24, 1962, MCT 3139. Cocoa Research Station: ♂ testis 3 × 2 mm., November 27, 1962, MCT 3327; ♀, November 27, 1962, MCT 3328; ♀, November 27, 1962, MCT 3329; ♀, November 27, 1962, MCT 3338; ♂ testis 5 × 4 mm., November 27, 1962, MCT 3339; ♂, November 28, 1962, MCT 3363; ♀, November 28, 1962, MCT 3364; ♂, November 28, 1962, MCT 3365; ♀, November 28, 1962, MCT 3366; ♀, November 29, 1962, MCT 3390; ♂ testis enlarged, November 29, 1962, MCT 3391; ♀?, November 29, 1962, MCT 3392; ♂, December 1, 1962, MCT 3393; ♂, December 2, 1962, MCT 3429; ♂, November 30, 1962, MCT 3442.
This bird was fairly common at Quoin Hill in the abaca and wild bananas and, at Kalabakan, in primary forest. Its feeding habits are the same as those of the preceding species. The order of abundance of the spiderhunters is probably best shown by the number of each species taken:Arachnothera longirostris, 58;A. affinis, 27;A. flavigaster, 9;A. chrysogenys, 4;A. crassirostris, 1.
This bird was fairly common at Quoin Hill in the abaca and wild bananas and, at Kalabakan, in primary forest. Its feeding habits are the same as those of the preceding species. The order of abundance of the spiderhunters is probably best shown by the number of each species taken:Arachnothera longirostris, 58;A. affinis, 27;A. flavigaster, 9;A. chrysogenys, 4;A. crassirostris, 1.
Prionichilus xanthopygius(Salvadori): Yellow-rumped Flowerpecker.—Specimens, 7: Cocoa Research Station: ♂ testis 5 × 5 mm., 8.9 gm., August 23, 1962, MCT 2800; ♀ largest ova 3 mm., oviduct enlarged, 10.2 gm., September 13, 1962, MCT 2910; ♀ imm., 9.7 gm., September 13, 1962, MCT 2911; ♂ testis 3 × 2 mm., 9.5 gm., September 13, 1962, MCT 2912; ♀ imm., 7.0 gm., September 14, 1962, MCT 2920; ♂ testis 6 × 4 mm., vas deferens enlarged, September 26, 1962, MCT 2966; ♂, November 27, 1962, MCT 3344.
This species did not appear at Quoin Hill until August 23. The gonads of most of the adults taken from that time on appeared to be regressing from breeding condition, and several immatures were taken also, suggesting that the breeding season was over. The birds seemed to be attracted, with bulbuls, to the treeTrema orientalis.
This species did not appear at Quoin Hill until August 23. The gonads of most of the adults taken from that time on appeared to be regressing from breeding condition, and several immatures were taken also, suggesting that the breeding season was over. The birds seemed to be attracted, with bulbuls, to the treeTrema orientalis.
Prionichilus maculatus maculatus(Temminck): Yellow-throated Flowerpecker.—Specimen, 1: 12 mi. N Kalabakan: ♂, October 19, 1962, MCT 3094.
I observed this flowerpecker once at Quoin Hill, in much-disturbed primary forest, but was unable to secure a specimen. Twelve miles north of Kalabakan it was found in primary forest.
I observed this flowerpecker once at Quoin Hill, in much-disturbed primary forest, but was unable to secure a specimen. Twelve miles north of Kalabakan it was found in primary forest.
Dicaeum chrysorrheumTemminck: Yellow-vented Flowerpecker.—I observed one feeding about 50 feet high among epiphytic plants in the moss forest 5.5 miles north of Tenom.
Dicaeum monticolumSharpe: Black-sided Flowerpecker.—Specimen, 1: 5.5 mi. SW Tenom: ♂ testis 5 × 3 mm., December 17, 1962, MCT 3449.
I saw this flowerpecker once, in the moss forest above Tenom. Treatment of this species as monotypic follows the revision of Salomonsen (1961:17).
I saw this flowerpecker once, in the moss forest above Tenom. Treatment of this species as monotypic follows the revision of Salomonsen (1961:17).
Dicaeum cruentatum(Linnaeus): Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker.—Along the seashore near Tawau this species fed in flowering trees. Males were pugnacious and persistently chased what appeared to be females.
Dicaeum trigonostigma dayakanumChasen and Kloss: Orange-bellied Flowerpecker.—Specimen, 1: 5.5 mi. SW Tenom: ♂, December 23, 1962, MCT 3507.
This flowerpecker was found only in the moss forest above Tenom, where it was seen numerous times feeding among the epiphytic plants.
This flowerpecker was found only in the moss forest above Tenom, where it was seen numerous times feeding among the epiphytic plants.
Zosterops everetti tahanensisOgilvie-Grant: Everett's White-eye.—Specimens, 9: Cocoa Research Station: ♀, August 8, 1962, MCT 2734; ♂ testis 4 × 3 mm., August 8, 1962, MCT 2735; ♀, 8.6 gm., August 11, 1962, MCT 2757; ♀, 7.8 gm., August 11, 1962, MCT 2758; ♀ imm., 7.9 gm., August 11, 1962, MCT 2759; ♀, 8.2 gm., August 11, 1962, MCT 2760; ♂, 7.8 gm., August 11, 1962, MCT 2761; ♂ imm., August 11, 1962, MCT 2762; ♂ imm., 7.8 gm., August 11, 1962, MCT 2764.
At the Cocoa Research Station flocks of 20 to 40 birds were seen daily, feeding in the cocoa trees. Only once was this species seen away from the cocoa trees; this was in secondary forest where the birds were feeding in a tree about 30 feet tall. They move in flocks and are noisy.Smythies (1960:485) states that this species occurs from the Poi Range up to the lower slopes of Kinabalu. This is apparently the first record from eastern Borneo.
At the Cocoa Research Station flocks of 20 to 40 birds were seen daily, feeding in the cocoa trees. Only once was this species seen away from the cocoa trees; this was in secondary forest where the birds were feeding in a tree about 30 feet tall. They move in flocks and are noisy.
Smythies (1960:485) states that this species occurs from the Poi Range up to the lower slopes of Kinabalu. This is apparently the first record from eastern Borneo.
Lonchura fuscans(Cassin): Dusky Munia.—Specimens, 11. Cocoa Research Station: ♀, July 6, 1962, MCT 2603; ♀, September 1, 1962, MCT 2847; ♂ testis 7 × 6 mm., September 1, 1962, MCT 2848; ♂ testis enlarged, September 24, 1962, MCT 2943. Tenom: ♀, January 6, 1962, MCT 3584; ♀, January 6, 1963, MCT 3585; ♂ testis enlarged, January 6, 1963, MCT 3586; ♀ several collapsed follicles, old brood patch, January 6, 1963, MCT 3587; ♀ imm., January 6, 1963, MCT 3588; ♀, January 6, 1963, MCT 3590; ♂ testis enlarged, January 6, 1963, MCT 3591.
In contrast toL. malacca, this species was commonly found in secondary forest away from cultivated fields. It was common at Quoin Hill and Kalabakan. On July 18, 1962, a pair was observed building a nest near Kalabakan, in a native kampong under the eave of a house. There the birds were fastening the nest to the palm thatching about 20 feet up and nearly over the door. Another pair was nesting, close to the same house, about eight feet up in a citrus tree. In Kalabakan proper, I saw a pair with fledgling young in a croton bush about six feet from the door of a house, on November 15, 1962. This nest was about seven feet up.
In contrast toL. malacca, this species was commonly found in secondary forest away from cultivated fields. It was common at Quoin Hill and Kalabakan. On July 18, 1962, a pair was observed building a nest near Kalabakan, in a native kampong under the eave of a house. There the birds were fastening the nest to the palm thatching about 20 feet up and nearly over the door. Another pair was nesting, close to the same house, about eight feet up in a citrus tree. In Kalabakan proper, I saw a pair with fledgling young in a croton bush about six feet from the door of a house, on November 15, 1962. This nest was about seven feet up.
Lonchura malacca(Linnaeus): Chestnut Munia.—Specimens, 6: Tawau: ♀ imm., September 2, 1962, MCT 2862. Tenom: ♂, January 6, 1963, MCT 3589. Tuaran: ♀, January 12, 1963, MCT 3594; ♀, January 12, 1963, MCT 3595; hermaphrodite, testis 8 × 5 mm., largest ovum of ovary 2 mm., January 12, 1963, MCT 3596; ♀, January 12, 1963, MCT 3597.
This was a common bird in the lowlands away from forest. I observed it feeding on lawns in Tawau. A pair was building a nest on July 19, 1962, in an ironwood tree about 10 feet above the ground. The nest was typically ball-shaped with a side entrance. This species appears to stay in age groups when it flocks, as evidenced by the large flocks of young in first-year plumage.The hermaphroditic specimen was of some interest, since the ovary and testis both seemed to be enlarged.
This was a common bird in the lowlands away from forest. I observed it feeding on lawns in Tawau. A pair was building a nest on July 19, 1962, in an ironwood tree about 10 feet above the ground. The nest was typically ball-shaped with a side entrance. This species appears to stay in age groups when it flocks, as evidenced by the large flocks of young in first-year plumage.
The hermaphroditic specimen was of some interest, since the ovary and testis both seemed to be enlarged.
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1956. Remarks on the starlings, Family Sturnidae. Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 1803:1-41.
Banks, E.
1950. Breeding seasons of birds in Sarawak and North Borneo. Ibis, 92:642.
Browne, F. G.
1955. Forest trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their products. Govt. Printing Office, Kuching, xviii + 369 pp., illus.
Chasen, F. N.
1935. A handlist of Malaysian birds. Bull. Raffles Mus., 11:389.
1939. The birds of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 4. Witherby, London, xxvi + 485 pp.
Darlington, P. J.
1957. Zoogeography: geographical distribution of animals. Wiley, New York, 675 pp.
Delacour, J.andMayr, E.
1946. Birds of the Philippines. MacMillan, New York, xv + 309 pp.
Everett, A. H.
1889. A list of the birds of the Bornean group of islands. J. Straits British Royal Asiatic Soc., 20:91-212.
Gadow, H.
1883. The catalogue of the Passeriformes, or perching birds, in the collection of the British Museum. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xiii + 385 pp., illus.
Gibson-Hill, C. A.
1950. Notes on the sea birds breeding in Malayan waters. Bull. Raffles Mus., 23:5-64.
1952. The apparent breeding season of land birds in North Borneo and Malaya.Ibid., 24:270-294.
Hachisuka, M.
1953. The affinities of Pityriasis in Borneo. Proc. Seventh Pacific Sci. Conf., 4:67-69.
Lack, D.
1950. Breeding seasons in the Galapagos. Ibis, 92:268-278.
McGregor, R. C.
1910. A manual of Philippine birds. Pt. II. Govt. Printing Office, Manila, xvi + 413-769 pp.
Miller, A. H.
1963. Seasonal activity and ecology of the avifauna of an American equatorial cloud forest. Univ. California Publ. Zoöl., 66(1):1-78, illus.
Moreau, R. E.
1950. The breeding seasons of African birds. 1. Land birds. Ibis, 92:223-267.
Owen, D. F.
1963. The rufous and white forms of an Asiatic Paradise FlycatcherTerpsiphone paradisi. Ardea, 54:230-236.
Peters, J. L.
1934. Check-list of birds of the world. Vol. II. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Massachusetts, xvii + 401 pp.
1940. Check-list of birds of the world. Vol. IV. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Massachusetts, xii + 291 pp.
Peters, J. L.,et al.
1960. Check-list of birds of the world. Vol. XV. Cambridge, Massachusetts, xii + 506 pp.
1964. Check-list of birds of the world. Vol. X. Cambridge, Massachusetts, ix + 502 pp.
Rand, A. L., andRabor, D. S.
1959. Notes on some Philippine bulbuls. Auk, 76:102-104.
Salomonsen, F.
1961. Notes on flowerpeckers (Aves, Dicaeidae) 4. Dicaeum igniferum and its derivatives. Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 2057:1-35.
Sims, R. W.
1959. TheCeyx erithacusandrufidorsusproblem. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Zoology), 296:212-221.
Smythies, B. E.
1957. An annotated checklist of the birds of Borneo. Sarawak Mus. J., 7:524-818.
1960. The birds of Borneo. Oliver and Boyd, London, xvi + 561 pp., illus.
1963. Bornean bird notes from various hands. Sarawak Mus. J., 11:269-290.
Voous, K. H.
1950a. The breeding seasons of birds in Indonesia. Ibis, 92:279-287.
1950b. On the evolutionary and distributional history ofMalacopteron. Sarawak Mus. J., 2:300-320.
1951. Distributional and evolutionary history of the kingfisher genus Ceyx in Malaysia. Ardea, 39:182-196.
Wetmore, A.
1960. A classification for the birds of the world. Smithsonian Misc. Colls., 139(11):1-37.
Whitehead, J.
1893. Exploration of Mount Kina Balu, North Borneo. Gurney and Jackson, London, x + 317 pp.
Transmitted June 21, 1966
31-4627
(Continued frominside of front cover)
Vol. 13. 1.Five natural hybrid combinations in minnows (Cyprinidae). By Frank B. Cross and W. L. Minckley. Pp. 1-18. June 1, 1960.2.A distributional study of the amphibians of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 19-72, pls. 1-8, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960. 50 cents.3.A new subspecies of the slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta) from Coahuila, México. By John M. Legler. Pp. 73-84, pls. 9-12, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.*4.Autecology of the copperhead. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 85-288, pls. 13-20, 26 figures in text. November 30, 1960.5.Occurrence of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. By Henry S. Fitch and T. Paul Maslin. Pp. 289-308, 4 figures in text. February 10, 1961.6.Fishes of the Wakarusa River in Kansas. By James E. Deacon and Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 309-322, 1 figure in text. February 10, 1961.7.Geographic variation in the North American cyprinid fish, Hybopsis gracilis. By Leonard J. Olund and Frank B. Cross. Pp. 323-348, pls. 21-24, 2 figures in text. February 10, 1961.8.Descriptions of two species of frogs, genus Ptychohyla; studies of American hylid frogs, V. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 349-357, pl. 25, 2 figures in text. April 27, 1961.9.Fish populations, following a drought, in the Neosho and Marais des Cygnes rivers of Kansas. By James Everett Deacon. Pp. 359-427, pls. 26-30, 3 figures. August 11, 1961. 75 cents.10.Recent soft-shelled turtles, of North America (family Trionychidae). By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 429-611, pls. 31-54, 24 figures in text. February 16, 1962. $2.00.Index.Pp. 613-624.Vol. 14. 1.Neotropical bats, from western México. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 1-8. October 24, 1960.2.Geographic variation in the harvest mouse. Reithrodontomys megalotis, on the central Great Plains and in adjacent regions. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and B. Mursaloglu. Pp. 9-27, 1 figure in text. July 24, 1961.3.Mammals of Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 29-67, pls. 1 and 2, 3 figures in text. July 24, 1961.4.A new subspecies of the black myotis (bat) from eastern México. By E. Raymond Hall and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 69-72, 1 figure in text. December 29, 1961.5.North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list of the named kinds of the genus Lasiurus Gray. By E. Raymond Hall and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 73-98, 4 figures in text. December 29, 1961.6.Natural history of the brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) in Kansas with description of a new subspecies. By Charles A. Long. Pp. 99-111, 1 figure in text. December 29, 1961.7.Taxonomic status of some mice of the Peromyscus boylii group in eastern México, with description of a new subspecies. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 113-120, 1 figure in text. December 29, 1961.8.A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus spilosoma) from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 121-124. March 7, 1962.9.Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida yucatanica Miller. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 125-133, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962.10.A new doglike carnivore, genus Cynaretus, from the Clarendonian Pliocene, of Texas. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 135-138, 2 figures in text. April 30, 1962.11.A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma) from northeastern Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp., 139-143. April 30, 1962.12.Noteworthy mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., Ticul Alvarez, and M. Raymond Lee. Pp. 145-159, 1 figure in text. May 18, 1962.13.A new bat (Myotis) from Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 161-164, 1 figure in text. May 21, 1962.*14.The mammals of Veracruz. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 165-362, 2 figures. May 20, 1963. $2.00.15.The Recent mammals of Tamaulipas, México. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 363-473, 5 figures in text. May 20, 1983. $1.00.16.A new subspecies of the fruit-eating bat, Sturnira ludovici, from western Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Gary L. Phillips. Pp. 475-481, 1 figure in text. March 2, 1964.17.Records of the fossil mammal Sinclairella, Family Apatemyidae, from the Chadronian and Orellan. By William A. Clemens. Pp. 483-491, 2 figures in text. March 2, 1964.18.The mammals of Wyoming. By Charles A. Long. Pp. 493-758, 82 figs. July 6, 1965, $3.00.Index.Pp. 759-784.
(Continued onoutside of back cover)
(Continued frominside back cover)
Vol. 15. 1.The amphibians and reptiles of Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman Pp. 1-148, pls. 1-6, 11 figures in text. December 20, 1961. $1.50.2.Some reptiles and amphibians from Korea. By Robert G. Webb, J. Knox Jones Jr., and George W. Byers: Pp. 149-173. January 31, 1962.3.A new species of frog (genus Tomodactylus), from western México. By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 175-181, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962.4.Type specimens of amphibians and reptiles in the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas. By William E. Duellman and Barbara Berg. Pp. 188-204. October 26, 1962.5.Amphibians and reptiles of the rainforests of southern El Petén, Guatemala. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 205-249, pls. 7-10, 6 figures in text. October 4, 1963.6.A revision of snakes of the genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America). By John Wellman. Pp. 251-295, 9 figures in text October 4, 1963.7.A review of the Middle American tree frogs of the genus Ptychohyla. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 297-349, pls. 11-18, 7 figures in text. October 18, 1963. 50 cents.*8.Natural history of the racer Coluber constrictor. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 351-468, pls. 19-22, 20 figures in text. December 30, 1963. $1.00.9.A review of the frogs of the Hyla bistincta group. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 469-491, 4 figures in text. March 2, 1964.10.An ecological study of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 493-564, pls. 23-25, 14 figures in text. May 17, 1965.11.Breeding cycle in the ground skink, Lygosoma laterale. By Henry S. Fitch and Harry W. Greene. Pp. 565-575, 3 figures in text. May 17, 1965.12.Amphibians and reptiles from the Yucatan Peninsula, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 577-614, 1 figure in text. June 22, 1965.13.A new species of turtle, genus Kinosternon, from Central America. By John M. Legler. Pp. 615-625, pls. 26-28, 2 figures in text. July 20, 1965.14.A biogeographic account of the herpetofauna of Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 627-709, pls. 29-36, 5 figures in text. December 30, 1965.15.Amphibians and reptiles of Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. By Charles L. Douglas. Pp. 711-744, pls. 37 and 38, 6 figures in text. March 7, 1966.Index.Pp. 1-770.Vol. 16. 1.Distribution and taxonomy of mammals of Nebraska. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 1-356, plates 1-4, 82 figures in text. October 1, 1964. $3.50.2.Synopsis of the lagomorphs and rodents of Korea. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and David H. Johnson. Pp. 357-407. February 12, 1965.3.Mammals from Isla Cozumel, Mexico, with description of a new species of harvest mouse. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Timothy E. Lawlor. Pp. 409-419, 1 figure in text. April 13, 1965.4.The Yucatan deer mouse, Peromyscus yucatanicus. By Timothy E. Lawlor. Pp. 421-438, 2 figures in text. July 20, 1965.5.Bats from Guatemala. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 439-472. April 18, 1966.More numbers will appear in volume 16.Vol. 17. 1.Localities of fossil vertebrates obtained from the Niobrara Formation (Cretaceous) of Kansas. By David Bardack. Pp. 1-14. January 22, 1965.2.Chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve in the middle ear of tetrapods. By Richard C. Fox. Pp. 15-21. May 22, 1965.3.Fishes of the Kansas River. System in relation to zoogeography of the Great Plains. By Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 23-189, 4 figures in text, 51 maps. March 24, 1966.4.Factors affecting growth and reproduction of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. By Bill A. Simco and Frank B. Cross. Pp. 191-256, 13 figures in text. June 6, 1966.5.A new species of fringe-limbed tree frog, genus, Hyla, from Darién, Panamá. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 257-262, 1 figure in text. June 17, 1966.6.Taxonomic notes on some Mexican and Central American hylid frogs. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 263-279. June 17. 1966.7.Neotropical hylid frogs, genus Smilisca. By William E. Duellman and Linda Trueb. Pp. 281-375, pls. 1-12, 17 figures in text. July 14, 1966.8.Birds from North Borneo. By Max C. Thompson. Pp. 377-433, 1 figure in text. October 27, 1966.More numbers will appear in volume 17.
Variant spellings where it was not possible to determine the author's intent were kept as is. These include "erythrophthalmos" and "erythrophthalmus;" "Fantailed" and "Fan-tailed;" "Kinabalu" and "Kina Balu;" "México" and "Mexico;" "Müller" and "Muller," which may or may not have been different people.
SFWC appears in the list of Locations and Collectors, but never appears again. And collector SCFC appears only in the body of the document. Perhaps these refer to the same person.
Punctuation irregularities in the specimen lists were not corrected, since they did not affect the readability.
Changed "Natuurliijke" to "Natuurlijke" on page 380: "Rijksmuseum Van Natuurlijke Historie."
Changed "capistratus" to "capistratum" in Table 1: "Pellorneum capistratum."
Changed "Linneaus" to "Linnaeus" on page 394: "Squatarola squatarola (Linnaeus)."
The "(sic)" in the entry for Trichastoma malaccense poliogenys on page 410 is in the original, and not added in transcription.
Changed "sub-montane" to "submontane" on page 413: "from submontane localities."
Changed "Darval" to "Darvel" on page 421: "farther south than Darvel Bay."
Changed "Symthies" to "Smythies" on page 424: "(cf. Smythies, 1960:445)."