PRONOUNS

[Contents]PRONOUNSThere are four classes: personal, demonstrative, possessive, and relative.PERSONAL.They are the following:SINGULARPLURALAcó(I)Quitá, camí(we)58Icáo, ca,59(thou, you)Camó(you)Hiyá,orsiyá60(he or she)Hirá,orsirá(they)DeclensionThe cases are four; nominative, genitive, objective, and vocative.First person.—Singular.Nominative.—Acó(I)Genitive.—Nácon,61ácon, co(of, by me)Objective.—Ha ácon, dácon62(to, for, in, at, on, upon, over, under, etc. me)Plural.Nominative,—Camí—quitá.63(we)[48]Genitive.—Nímon, ámon—aaton, aton, ta(of, by us)Objective.—Ha ámon, dámon—ha áton, dáton(to, for, etc. us)Second person.—Singular.Nominative.—Icáo, ca(thou, you)Genitive.—Nimo, imo, mo(of, by thee, or you)Objective.—Ha imo, dimo(to, for, etc. thee, or you)Vocative.—Icao(thou, or you)Plural.Nominative.—Camó(you)Genitive.—Niyo, iyo(of, by you)Objective.—Ha iyo, díyo(to, for, etc. you)Vocative.—Camó(you)Third person—Singular.Nominative.—Hiyá(he, or she)Genitive.—Niya, iya(of, by him, or her)Objective.—Ha iya, díya(to, for, etc. him or her)Vocative—Hiyá(He, or she).Plural.Nominative—Hirá(They)Genitive—Nira, ira(of, by them)Objective—Ha ira, dira(to, for etc., them)Vocative—Hirá(they).DEMONSTRATIVE.They have the same forms both for the singular and plural, as follows:adí(this, these, nearer to the speaker than to the listener)ini(this, these)itó(that, those, nearer to the speaker than to the listener, corresponding to the Spanish “ese, esa, eso, esos, esas”)[49]adto(that, those,far from both the speaker andthe listener, and corresponding to the Spanish “aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas”).When used before the nouns, they have the particlengaafter them; said particle being frequently contracted with the pronun. Asadí ng̃a,contracted adín,iní ng̃a,contracted inín,itó ng̃a,contracted itón,ádto ng̃a,contracted ádton.The formitónsometimes takes again the particle ng̃a. So it is saiditón ng̃a batâ(that boy or girl).Adí, adtoin some places have their variantsyadi, yadto.In plural, the particlemgais placed after the preceding combinations;They have two cases: subjective and objective.Declension.Adí.—SingularSubjective—Adí, adí ng̃a, adín(this)Objective—Hadí, hadí ng̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc. this)Plural.Subjective—Adí, adi ng̃a mg̃a, adín mg̃a(these)Objective—Hadí, hadi ng̃a mg̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc., these).Iní.—SingularSubjective—Iní, iní ng̃a, inín(this)Objective—Hiní, hiní ng̃a, hinín(of, etc., this)Plural.Subjective—Iní, ini ng̃a mg̃a, inín mg̃a(these)Objective,—Hiní, hini ng̃a mg̃a, hinin mg̃a(of, etc., these).[50]Itó.—Singular.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a, itón, itón ng̃a(that)Objective—Hitó, hitó ng̃a, hitón, hitón, ng̃a(of, etc. that)Plural.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a mg̃a, itón mg̃a, itón ng̃a mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hitó, hitó ng̃a mg̃a, hitón mg̃a, hitón ng̃a mg̃a(of, etc., those)Adto.—Singular.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a, adton(that)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a, hadton(of, etc., that)Plural.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a mg̃a, adton mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a mg̃a, hadton mg̃a(of, etc., those)The formsadtonandhadtonare frequently used instead ofitón, hitónwhen the object referred to is very close to the listener.Itónis sometimes replaced by theformshadtoandhaton. Examples:mopáyadtónhiní(that one is better than this)condî darodacô iníhadton(but this is larger than that)say cohatón(I prefer that one).POSSESSIVE.They are the following:SINGULARPLURALacon, co(my, mine)aton, ta, amon(our, ours)imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)iyo(your, yours)iya(his or her)ira(their)The formsco, mo, taare used only after the nouns.[51]The same distinction exists betweenatonandamon, as betweenquitáandcamí.64They have also two cases: subjective, and objective.Declension.Acon.—Singular.Subjective.—Acon, co(my, mine)Objective.—Ha acon, han acon(of, etc., my)Plural.Subjective.—Aton, ta, amon(our, ours)Objective.—Ha aton, han aton, ha amon, han amon(of, etc., our)Imo.—Singular.Subjective.—Imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)Objective.—Ha imo, han imo(of, etc., your, thy)Plural.Subjective.—Iyo(your, yours)Objective.—Ha iyo, han iyo(of, etc., your)Iya—Singular.Subjective—Iya(his, her, hers)Objective.—Ha iya, han iya(of, etc., his, her)Plural.Subjective.—Ira(their)Objective.—Ha ira, han ira(of, etc., their)These plurals refer to the subjects possessing. The plural referring to the objects possessed, is formed in each case by using the particlemg̃a,asAcon mg̃a cabogtóan(my brothers or sisters)Iyo mg̃a láuas(your bodies)Ira mg̃a cabalayán(their houses)[52]RELATIVEThey are as follows:Ng̃a(that, which)anó(what)bisan anó(whatever)hín’o or sin’o65(who)bisan hin’o or bisan sin’o(whoever)háin(which)bisan háin(whichever)These pronouns, excepthin’oandbisan hin’ohave noinflectionfor cases.Ng̃a.This relative always refers to the subject of the verb. It never relates to the complement. So the sentence:“the housethatPeter builds is big”,cannot be translatedliterallyinto Bisayan. It isexpressedby passive voice. Thus:“an baláyng̃aguintitindog ni Pedro, dacô”;literally“the house that is being built by Peter is big”, And this:“the book which you gave me yesterday”is translated:“an basahónng̃aihinátag mo ha acon cacolóp”;literally“the book which was given by you to me yesterday”This pronoun is indispensable when a substantive is qualified by an adjective, asmaópayng̃atáuo(good man,)notmaúpay táuo,bucad ng̃a mahamót(fragrantflower)notbucád mahamot66It differs from the conjunctionng̃a(that) in that the[53]pronoun always refers to a noun, never to a verb.NOTE.—This particleng̃aexpresses in some instances the idea of “saying,” “question,” “answer,” etc., as when we say:Ng̃ani Pedro: “tágui acó hin salapí.” Dáyon batón ni Juan,ng̃aniya: “uaray co salapí.”Peter said: “give me money.” John immediately replied by saying: “I have no money.”Pacanhía hi Guillermo.Ng̃anatón67“guinquiquína hang̃lan ca didto.”Make Guillermo come. Tell him: “you are needed there.”When applied to the third person it is frequently combined with the particlelaóng̃as:Násiring̃ hi Pedro, ng̃alaóng̃: “magtotoón aco.”Peter said: “I shall study”.This special idea conveyed by the wordng̃aseems to show in other instances in the Bisayan tongue, as when it is said depreciatively:¡Ca damò hin im ng̃ang̃a!How many things you ask or talk!where the doubledng̃ameans request or talking.Anó.This pronoun has the same use as the Englishwhat, except when the latter is used as an objective relative, in which case the said English pronoun is translated by the articlean.As when it is said:“Whatyou need is patience, not science,” which is translated:Anguinquiquinahang̃lan mo an pag-ílob, dirì hibaró.[54]Bisan anó.Bisan anomeans “anything” or “whatever.” Examples:Whatever you do I’ll know it.Bisan anoin buháton mo, hisasabotán co.Give me anything eatable.Tágui aco hinbisan anóng̃a hacaraón.It is frequently replaced byanolâ, oranoano lâ. Ex.:Anything you may desire, I’ll give you.Ano lâng̃a caruyágon mo, ihahatag co ha imo.You wish to see everything.Anoano lâbuót mo hiquit’an.When it is preceded by an article, it means “which,” asWhich horse do you like?¿An anóng̃a cabayo in buót mo?Hin’oThis relative is only used in the interrogative phrases. It is not employed as the English “who” when this relative serves as “that”. So this phrase“that personwhotalks is my brother” is translated: “itón tauong̃anagyayácan, acon bugto,” not “itón tauohin’onagyayácan, etc.”It has two cases: subjective and objective.DeclensionSINGULARPLURALSubjective—Hin’o(who)Hirá hin’o(who)Objective—Canáy, can canáy(of, etc. whom whose)Canda canáy(of, etc., whom, whose)Bisan hin’oBisan hin’omeans “whoever” or “anyone”. Example:[55]Whoever is there, let him come.Bisan hin’oin adâ, pacanhía.Anyone knows him.Bisan hin’onáquilála ha iya.It also has two cases: subjective and objective.Declension.SINGULARPLURALSubjective.—Bisan hin’o(whoever)Bisan hirá hin’o(whoever)Objective.—Bisan canáy(of, etc., whomever)Bisan canda canáy(of etc., whoever)Hain.Hainmeans “which.” Examples:Which of these hats is yours?¿Háin hiní ng̃a mg̃a calò in imo?Similarly to “ano,” the pronoun “háin” is only used in the interrogative forms, never asng̃a(that). So the phrase“the book which you saw”is translated“anbasahónng̃aimo quinità”(literally: the book that was seen by you), and not“an basahonháinicao quinmità.”Bisan háin.It is equivalent to the English “whichever,” Examples:Whichever of those books satisfies me.Didâ hitó ng̃a mga basahónbisan háinmaopay co.NOTE.—These relativeshainandbisan háinmust not be confounded with the adverbs of the same form,háin(where) andbisan háin(wherever). The former refer only to nouns, the latter to verbs.[56]CONTRACTIONS.The pronouns are frequently contracted as follows:acó, ácon,toacnáconto,,nacdáconto,,daccamíto,,camquitáto,,quitnámonto,,namámonto,,amnátonto,,natátonto,,atdámonto,,damdátonto,,daticáoto,,icnímoto,,nimimoto,,imdimoto,,dimcamóto,,camadito,,adiníto,,initóto,,itadínto,,aditónto,,ithadíto,,hadhadínto,,hadhiníto,,hinhinínto,,hinhitóto,,hithitónto,,hithatónto,,hatáconto,,acátonto,,atámonto,,amimoto,,inibisan anóto,,bis anobisan háinto,,bis hain[57]

PRONOUNS

There are four classes: personal, demonstrative, possessive, and relative.PERSONAL.They are the following:SINGULARPLURALAcó(I)Quitá, camí(we)58Icáo, ca,59(thou, you)Camó(you)Hiyá,orsiyá60(he or she)Hirá,orsirá(they)DeclensionThe cases are four; nominative, genitive, objective, and vocative.First person.—Singular.Nominative.—Acó(I)Genitive.—Nácon,61ácon, co(of, by me)Objective.—Ha ácon, dácon62(to, for, in, at, on, upon, over, under, etc. me)Plural.Nominative,—Camí—quitá.63(we)[48]Genitive.—Nímon, ámon—aaton, aton, ta(of, by us)Objective.—Ha ámon, dámon—ha áton, dáton(to, for, etc. us)Second person.—Singular.Nominative.—Icáo, ca(thou, you)Genitive.—Nimo, imo, mo(of, by thee, or you)Objective.—Ha imo, dimo(to, for, etc. thee, or you)Vocative.—Icao(thou, or you)Plural.Nominative.—Camó(you)Genitive.—Niyo, iyo(of, by you)Objective.—Ha iyo, díyo(to, for, etc. you)Vocative.—Camó(you)Third person—Singular.Nominative.—Hiyá(he, or she)Genitive.—Niya, iya(of, by him, or her)Objective.—Ha iya, díya(to, for, etc. him or her)Vocative—Hiyá(He, or she).Plural.Nominative—Hirá(They)Genitive—Nira, ira(of, by them)Objective—Ha ira, dira(to, for etc., them)Vocative—Hirá(they).DEMONSTRATIVE.They have the same forms both for the singular and plural, as follows:adí(this, these, nearer to the speaker than to the listener)ini(this, these)itó(that, those, nearer to the speaker than to the listener, corresponding to the Spanish “ese, esa, eso, esos, esas”)[49]adto(that, those,far from both the speaker andthe listener, and corresponding to the Spanish “aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas”).When used before the nouns, they have the particlengaafter them; said particle being frequently contracted with the pronun. Asadí ng̃a,contracted adín,iní ng̃a,contracted inín,itó ng̃a,contracted itón,ádto ng̃a,contracted ádton.The formitónsometimes takes again the particle ng̃a. So it is saiditón ng̃a batâ(that boy or girl).Adí, adtoin some places have their variantsyadi, yadto.In plural, the particlemgais placed after the preceding combinations;They have two cases: subjective and objective.Declension.Adí.—SingularSubjective—Adí, adí ng̃a, adín(this)Objective—Hadí, hadí ng̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc. this)Plural.Subjective—Adí, adi ng̃a mg̃a, adín mg̃a(these)Objective—Hadí, hadi ng̃a mg̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc., these).Iní.—SingularSubjective—Iní, iní ng̃a, inín(this)Objective—Hiní, hiní ng̃a, hinín(of, etc., this)Plural.Subjective—Iní, ini ng̃a mg̃a, inín mg̃a(these)Objective,—Hiní, hini ng̃a mg̃a, hinin mg̃a(of, etc., these).[50]Itó.—Singular.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a, itón, itón ng̃a(that)Objective—Hitó, hitó ng̃a, hitón, hitón, ng̃a(of, etc. that)Plural.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a mg̃a, itón mg̃a, itón ng̃a mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hitó, hitó ng̃a mg̃a, hitón mg̃a, hitón ng̃a mg̃a(of, etc., those)Adto.—Singular.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a, adton(that)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a, hadton(of, etc., that)Plural.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a mg̃a, adton mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a mg̃a, hadton mg̃a(of, etc., those)The formsadtonandhadtonare frequently used instead ofitón, hitónwhen the object referred to is very close to the listener.Itónis sometimes replaced by theformshadtoandhaton. Examples:mopáyadtónhiní(that one is better than this)condî darodacô iníhadton(but this is larger than that)say cohatón(I prefer that one).POSSESSIVE.They are the following:SINGULARPLURALacon, co(my, mine)aton, ta, amon(our, ours)imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)iyo(your, yours)iya(his or her)ira(their)The formsco, mo, taare used only after the nouns.[51]The same distinction exists betweenatonandamon, as betweenquitáandcamí.64They have also two cases: subjective, and objective.Declension.Acon.—Singular.Subjective.—Acon, co(my, mine)Objective.—Ha acon, han acon(of, etc., my)Plural.Subjective.—Aton, ta, amon(our, ours)Objective.—Ha aton, han aton, ha amon, han amon(of, etc., our)Imo.—Singular.Subjective.—Imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)Objective.—Ha imo, han imo(of, etc., your, thy)Plural.Subjective.—Iyo(your, yours)Objective.—Ha iyo, han iyo(of, etc., your)Iya—Singular.Subjective—Iya(his, her, hers)Objective.—Ha iya, han iya(of, etc., his, her)Plural.Subjective.—Ira(their)Objective.—Ha ira, han ira(of, etc., their)These plurals refer to the subjects possessing. The plural referring to the objects possessed, is formed in each case by using the particlemg̃a,asAcon mg̃a cabogtóan(my brothers or sisters)Iyo mg̃a láuas(your bodies)Ira mg̃a cabalayán(their houses)[52]RELATIVEThey are as follows:Ng̃a(that, which)anó(what)bisan anó(whatever)hín’o or sin’o65(who)bisan hin’o or bisan sin’o(whoever)háin(which)bisan háin(whichever)These pronouns, excepthin’oandbisan hin’ohave noinflectionfor cases.Ng̃a.This relative always refers to the subject of the verb. It never relates to the complement. So the sentence:“the housethatPeter builds is big”,cannot be translatedliterallyinto Bisayan. It isexpressedby passive voice. Thus:“an baláyng̃aguintitindog ni Pedro, dacô”;literally“the house that is being built by Peter is big”, And this:“the book which you gave me yesterday”is translated:“an basahónng̃aihinátag mo ha acon cacolóp”;literally“the book which was given by you to me yesterday”This pronoun is indispensable when a substantive is qualified by an adjective, asmaópayng̃atáuo(good man,)notmaúpay táuo,bucad ng̃a mahamót(fragrantflower)notbucád mahamot66It differs from the conjunctionng̃a(that) in that the[53]pronoun always refers to a noun, never to a verb.NOTE.—This particleng̃aexpresses in some instances the idea of “saying,” “question,” “answer,” etc., as when we say:Ng̃ani Pedro: “tágui acó hin salapí.” Dáyon batón ni Juan,ng̃aniya: “uaray co salapí.”Peter said: “give me money.” John immediately replied by saying: “I have no money.”Pacanhía hi Guillermo.Ng̃anatón67“guinquiquína hang̃lan ca didto.”Make Guillermo come. Tell him: “you are needed there.”When applied to the third person it is frequently combined with the particlelaóng̃as:Násiring̃ hi Pedro, ng̃alaóng̃: “magtotoón aco.”Peter said: “I shall study”.This special idea conveyed by the wordng̃aseems to show in other instances in the Bisayan tongue, as when it is said depreciatively:¡Ca damò hin im ng̃ang̃a!How many things you ask or talk!where the doubledng̃ameans request or talking.Anó.This pronoun has the same use as the Englishwhat, except when the latter is used as an objective relative, in which case the said English pronoun is translated by the articlean.As when it is said:“Whatyou need is patience, not science,” which is translated:Anguinquiquinahang̃lan mo an pag-ílob, dirì hibaró.[54]Bisan anó.Bisan anomeans “anything” or “whatever.” Examples:Whatever you do I’ll know it.Bisan anoin buháton mo, hisasabotán co.Give me anything eatable.Tágui aco hinbisan anóng̃a hacaraón.It is frequently replaced byanolâ, oranoano lâ. Ex.:Anything you may desire, I’ll give you.Ano lâng̃a caruyágon mo, ihahatag co ha imo.You wish to see everything.Anoano lâbuót mo hiquit’an.When it is preceded by an article, it means “which,” asWhich horse do you like?¿An anóng̃a cabayo in buót mo?Hin’oThis relative is only used in the interrogative phrases. It is not employed as the English “who” when this relative serves as “that”. So this phrase“that personwhotalks is my brother” is translated: “itón tauong̃anagyayácan, acon bugto,” not “itón tauohin’onagyayácan, etc.”It has two cases: subjective and objective.DeclensionSINGULARPLURALSubjective—Hin’o(who)Hirá hin’o(who)Objective—Canáy, can canáy(of, etc. whom whose)Canda canáy(of, etc., whom, whose)Bisan hin’oBisan hin’omeans “whoever” or “anyone”. Example:[55]Whoever is there, let him come.Bisan hin’oin adâ, pacanhía.Anyone knows him.Bisan hin’onáquilála ha iya.It also has two cases: subjective and objective.Declension.SINGULARPLURALSubjective.—Bisan hin’o(whoever)Bisan hirá hin’o(whoever)Objective.—Bisan canáy(of, etc., whomever)Bisan canda canáy(of etc., whoever)Hain.Hainmeans “which.” Examples:Which of these hats is yours?¿Háin hiní ng̃a mg̃a calò in imo?Similarly to “ano,” the pronoun “háin” is only used in the interrogative forms, never asng̃a(that). So the phrase“the book which you saw”is translated“anbasahónng̃aimo quinità”(literally: the book that was seen by you), and not“an basahonháinicao quinmità.”Bisan háin.It is equivalent to the English “whichever,” Examples:Whichever of those books satisfies me.Didâ hitó ng̃a mga basahónbisan háinmaopay co.NOTE.—These relativeshainandbisan háinmust not be confounded with the adverbs of the same form,háin(where) andbisan háin(wherever). The former refer only to nouns, the latter to verbs.[56]CONTRACTIONS.The pronouns are frequently contracted as follows:acó, ácon,toacnáconto,,nacdáconto,,daccamíto,,camquitáto,,quitnámonto,,namámonto,,amnátonto,,natátonto,,atdámonto,,damdátonto,,daticáoto,,icnímoto,,nimimoto,,imdimoto,,dimcamóto,,camadito,,adiníto,,initóto,,itadínto,,aditónto,,ithadíto,,hadhadínto,,hadhiníto,,hinhinínto,,hinhitóto,,hithitónto,,hithatónto,,hatáconto,,acátonto,,atámonto,,amimoto,,inibisan anóto,,bis anobisan háinto,,bis hain[57]

There are four classes: personal, demonstrative, possessive, and relative.

PERSONAL.They are the following:SINGULARPLURALAcó(I)Quitá, camí(we)58Icáo, ca,59(thou, you)Camó(you)Hiyá,orsiyá60(he or she)Hirá,orsirá(they)DeclensionThe cases are four; nominative, genitive, objective, and vocative.First person.—Singular.Nominative.—Acó(I)Genitive.—Nácon,61ácon, co(of, by me)Objective.—Ha ácon, dácon62(to, for, in, at, on, upon, over, under, etc. me)Plural.Nominative,—Camí—quitá.63(we)[48]Genitive.—Nímon, ámon—aaton, aton, ta(of, by us)Objective.—Ha ámon, dámon—ha áton, dáton(to, for, etc. us)Second person.—Singular.Nominative.—Icáo, ca(thou, you)Genitive.—Nimo, imo, mo(of, by thee, or you)Objective.—Ha imo, dimo(to, for, etc. thee, or you)Vocative.—Icao(thou, or you)Plural.Nominative.—Camó(you)Genitive.—Niyo, iyo(of, by you)Objective.—Ha iyo, díyo(to, for, etc. you)Vocative.—Camó(you)Third person—Singular.Nominative.—Hiyá(he, or she)Genitive.—Niya, iya(of, by him, or her)Objective.—Ha iya, díya(to, for, etc. him or her)Vocative—Hiyá(He, or she).Plural.Nominative—Hirá(They)Genitive—Nira, ira(of, by them)Objective—Ha ira, dira(to, for etc., them)Vocative—Hirá(they).

PERSONAL.

They are the following:SINGULARPLURALAcó(I)Quitá, camí(we)58Icáo, ca,59(thou, you)Camó(you)Hiyá,orsiyá60(he or she)Hirá,orsirá(they)DeclensionThe cases are four; nominative, genitive, objective, and vocative.First person.—Singular.Nominative.—Acó(I)Genitive.—Nácon,61ácon, co(of, by me)Objective.—Ha ácon, dácon62(to, for, in, at, on, upon, over, under, etc. me)Plural.Nominative,—Camí—quitá.63(we)[48]Genitive.—Nímon, ámon—aaton, aton, ta(of, by us)Objective.—Ha ámon, dámon—ha áton, dáton(to, for, etc. us)Second person.—Singular.Nominative.—Icáo, ca(thou, you)Genitive.—Nimo, imo, mo(of, by thee, or you)Objective.—Ha imo, dimo(to, for, etc. thee, or you)Vocative.—Icao(thou, or you)Plural.Nominative.—Camó(you)Genitive.—Niyo, iyo(of, by you)Objective.—Ha iyo, díyo(to, for, etc. you)Vocative.—Camó(you)Third person—Singular.Nominative.—Hiyá(he, or she)Genitive.—Niya, iya(of, by him, or her)Objective.—Ha iya, díya(to, for, etc. him or her)Vocative—Hiyá(He, or she).Plural.Nominative—Hirá(They)Genitive—Nira, ira(of, by them)Objective—Ha ira, dira(to, for etc., them)Vocative—Hirá(they).

They are the following:

SINGULARPLURALAcó(I)Quitá, camí(we)58Icáo, ca,59(thou, you)Camó(you)Hiyá,orsiyá60(he or she)Hirá,orsirá(they)

DeclensionThe cases are four; nominative, genitive, objective, and vocative.First person.—Singular.Nominative.—Acó(I)Genitive.—Nácon,61ácon, co(of, by me)Objective.—Ha ácon, dácon62(to, for, in, at, on, upon, over, under, etc. me)Plural.Nominative,—Camí—quitá.63(we)[48]Genitive.—Nímon, ámon—aaton, aton, ta(of, by us)Objective.—Ha ámon, dámon—ha áton, dáton(to, for, etc. us)Second person.—Singular.Nominative.—Icáo, ca(thou, you)Genitive.—Nimo, imo, mo(of, by thee, or you)Objective.—Ha imo, dimo(to, for, etc. thee, or you)Vocative.—Icao(thou, or you)Plural.Nominative.—Camó(you)Genitive.—Niyo, iyo(of, by you)Objective.—Ha iyo, díyo(to, for, etc. you)Vocative.—Camó(you)Third person—Singular.Nominative.—Hiyá(he, or she)Genitive.—Niya, iya(of, by him, or her)Objective.—Ha iya, díya(to, for, etc. him or her)Vocative—Hiyá(He, or she).Plural.Nominative—Hirá(They)Genitive—Nira, ira(of, by them)Objective—Ha ira, dira(to, for etc., them)Vocative—Hirá(they).

Declension

The cases are four; nominative, genitive, objective, and vocative.First person.—Singular.Nominative.—Acó(I)Genitive.—Nácon,61ácon, co(of, by me)Objective.—Ha ácon, dácon62(to, for, in, at, on, upon, over, under, etc. me)Plural.Nominative,—Camí—quitá.63(we)[48]Genitive.—Nímon, ámon—aaton, aton, ta(of, by us)Objective.—Ha ámon, dámon—ha áton, dáton(to, for, etc. us)Second person.—Singular.Nominative.—Icáo, ca(thou, you)Genitive.—Nimo, imo, mo(of, by thee, or you)Objective.—Ha imo, dimo(to, for, etc. thee, or you)Vocative.—Icao(thou, or you)Plural.Nominative.—Camó(you)Genitive.—Niyo, iyo(of, by you)Objective.—Ha iyo, díyo(to, for, etc. you)Vocative.—Camó(you)Third person—Singular.Nominative.—Hiyá(he, or she)Genitive.—Niya, iya(of, by him, or her)Objective.—Ha iya, díya(to, for, etc. him or her)Vocative—Hiyá(He, or she).Plural.Nominative—Hirá(They)Genitive—Nira, ira(of, by them)Objective—Ha ira, dira(to, for etc., them)Vocative—Hirá(they).

The cases are four; nominative, genitive, objective, and vocative.

First person.—Singular.Nominative.—Acó(I)Genitive.—Nácon,61ácon, co(of, by me)Objective.—Ha ácon, dácon62(to, for, in, at, on, upon, over, under, etc. me)

First person.—Singular.

Nominative.—Acó(I)Genitive.—Nácon,61ácon, co(of, by me)Objective.—Ha ácon, dácon62(to, for, in, at, on, upon, over, under, etc. me)

Plural.Nominative,—Camí—quitá.63(we)[48]Genitive.—Nímon, ámon—aaton, aton, ta(of, by us)Objective.—Ha ámon, dámon—ha áton, dáton(to, for, etc. us)

Plural.

Nominative,—Camí—quitá.63(we)[48]Genitive.—Nímon, ámon—aaton, aton, ta(of, by us)Objective.—Ha ámon, dámon—ha áton, dáton(to, for, etc. us)

Second person.—Singular.Nominative.—Icáo, ca(thou, you)Genitive.—Nimo, imo, mo(of, by thee, or you)Objective.—Ha imo, dimo(to, for, etc. thee, or you)Vocative.—Icao(thou, or you)

Second person.—Singular.

Nominative.—Icáo, ca(thou, you)Genitive.—Nimo, imo, mo(of, by thee, or you)Objective.—Ha imo, dimo(to, for, etc. thee, or you)Vocative.—Icao(thou, or you)

Plural.Nominative.—Camó(you)Genitive.—Niyo, iyo(of, by you)Objective.—Ha iyo, díyo(to, for, etc. you)Vocative.—Camó(you)

Plural.

Nominative.—Camó(you)Genitive.—Niyo, iyo(of, by you)Objective.—Ha iyo, díyo(to, for, etc. you)Vocative.—Camó(you)

Third person—Singular.Nominative.—Hiyá(he, or she)Genitive.—Niya, iya(of, by him, or her)Objective.—Ha iya, díya(to, for, etc. him or her)Vocative—Hiyá(He, or she).

Third person—Singular.

Nominative.—Hiyá(he, or she)Genitive.—Niya, iya(of, by him, or her)Objective.—Ha iya, díya(to, for, etc. him or her)Vocative—Hiyá(He, or she).

Plural.Nominative—Hirá(They)Genitive—Nira, ira(of, by them)Objective—Ha ira, dira(to, for etc., them)Vocative—Hirá(they).

Plural.

Nominative—Hirá(They)Genitive—Nira, ira(of, by them)Objective—Ha ira, dira(to, for etc., them)Vocative—Hirá(they).

DEMONSTRATIVE.They have the same forms both for the singular and plural, as follows:adí(this, these, nearer to the speaker than to the listener)ini(this, these)itó(that, those, nearer to the speaker than to the listener, corresponding to the Spanish “ese, esa, eso, esos, esas”)[49]adto(that, those,far from both the speaker andthe listener, and corresponding to the Spanish “aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas”).When used before the nouns, they have the particlengaafter them; said particle being frequently contracted with the pronun. Asadí ng̃a,contracted adín,iní ng̃a,contracted inín,itó ng̃a,contracted itón,ádto ng̃a,contracted ádton.The formitónsometimes takes again the particle ng̃a. So it is saiditón ng̃a batâ(that boy or girl).Adí, adtoin some places have their variantsyadi, yadto.In plural, the particlemgais placed after the preceding combinations;They have two cases: subjective and objective.Declension.Adí.—SingularSubjective—Adí, adí ng̃a, adín(this)Objective—Hadí, hadí ng̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc. this)Plural.Subjective—Adí, adi ng̃a mg̃a, adín mg̃a(these)Objective—Hadí, hadi ng̃a mg̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc., these).Iní.—SingularSubjective—Iní, iní ng̃a, inín(this)Objective—Hiní, hiní ng̃a, hinín(of, etc., this)Plural.Subjective—Iní, ini ng̃a mg̃a, inín mg̃a(these)Objective,—Hiní, hini ng̃a mg̃a, hinin mg̃a(of, etc., these).[50]Itó.—Singular.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a, itón, itón ng̃a(that)Objective—Hitó, hitó ng̃a, hitón, hitón, ng̃a(of, etc. that)Plural.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a mg̃a, itón mg̃a, itón ng̃a mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hitó, hitó ng̃a mg̃a, hitón mg̃a, hitón ng̃a mg̃a(of, etc., those)Adto.—Singular.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a, adton(that)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a, hadton(of, etc., that)Plural.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a mg̃a, adton mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a mg̃a, hadton mg̃a(of, etc., those)The formsadtonandhadtonare frequently used instead ofitón, hitónwhen the object referred to is very close to the listener.Itónis sometimes replaced by theformshadtoandhaton. Examples:mopáyadtónhiní(that one is better than this)condî darodacô iníhadton(but this is larger than that)say cohatón(I prefer that one).

DEMONSTRATIVE.

They have the same forms both for the singular and plural, as follows:adí(this, these, nearer to the speaker than to the listener)ini(this, these)itó(that, those, nearer to the speaker than to the listener, corresponding to the Spanish “ese, esa, eso, esos, esas”)[49]adto(that, those,far from both the speaker andthe listener, and corresponding to the Spanish “aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas”).When used before the nouns, they have the particlengaafter them; said particle being frequently contracted with the pronun. Asadí ng̃a,contracted adín,iní ng̃a,contracted inín,itó ng̃a,contracted itón,ádto ng̃a,contracted ádton.The formitónsometimes takes again the particle ng̃a. So it is saiditón ng̃a batâ(that boy or girl).Adí, adtoin some places have their variantsyadi, yadto.In plural, the particlemgais placed after the preceding combinations;They have two cases: subjective and objective.Declension.Adí.—SingularSubjective—Adí, adí ng̃a, adín(this)Objective—Hadí, hadí ng̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc. this)Plural.Subjective—Adí, adi ng̃a mg̃a, adín mg̃a(these)Objective—Hadí, hadi ng̃a mg̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc., these).Iní.—SingularSubjective—Iní, iní ng̃a, inín(this)Objective—Hiní, hiní ng̃a, hinín(of, etc., this)Plural.Subjective—Iní, ini ng̃a mg̃a, inín mg̃a(these)Objective,—Hiní, hini ng̃a mg̃a, hinin mg̃a(of, etc., these).[50]Itó.—Singular.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a, itón, itón ng̃a(that)Objective—Hitó, hitó ng̃a, hitón, hitón, ng̃a(of, etc. that)Plural.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a mg̃a, itón mg̃a, itón ng̃a mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hitó, hitó ng̃a mg̃a, hitón mg̃a, hitón ng̃a mg̃a(of, etc., those)Adto.—Singular.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a, adton(that)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a, hadton(of, etc., that)Plural.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a mg̃a, adton mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a mg̃a, hadton mg̃a(of, etc., those)The formsadtonandhadtonare frequently used instead ofitón, hitónwhen the object referred to is very close to the listener.Itónis sometimes replaced by theformshadtoandhaton. Examples:mopáyadtónhiní(that one is better than this)condî darodacô iníhadton(but this is larger than that)say cohatón(I prefer that one).

They have the same forms both for the singular and plural, as follows:

adí(this, these, nearer to the speaker than to the listener)ini(this, these)itó(that, those, nearer to the speaker than to the listener, corresponding to the Spanish “ese, esa, eso, esos, esas”)[49]adto(that, those,far from both the speaker andthe listener, and corresponding to the Spanish “aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas”).

When used before the nouns, they have the particlengaafter them; said particle being frequently contracted with the pronun. As

adí ng̃a,contracted adín,iní ng̃a,contracted inín,itó ng̃a,contracted itón,ádto ng̃a,contracted ádton.

The formitónsometimes takes again the particle ng̃a. So it is saiditón ng̃a batâ(that boy or girl).

Adí, adtoin some places have their variantsyadi, yadto.

In plural, the particlemgais placed after the preceding combinations;

They have two cases: subjective and objective.

Declension.Adí.—SingularSubjective—Adí, adí ng̃a, adín(this)Objective—Hadí, hadí ng̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc. this)Plural.Subjective—Adí, adi ng̃a mg̃a, adín mg̃a(these)Objective—Hadí, hadi ng̃a mg̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc., these).Iní.—SingularSubjective—Iní, iní ng̃a, inín(this)Objective—Hiní, hiní ng̃a, hinín(of, etc., this)Plural.Subjective—Iní, ini ng̃a mg̃a, inín mg̃a(these)Objective,—Hiní, hini ng̃a mg̃a, hinin mg̃a(of, etc., these).[50]Itó.—Singular.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a, itón, itón ng̃a(that)Objective—Hitó, hitó ng̃a, hitón, hitón, ng̃a(of, etc. that)Plural.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a mg̃a, itón mg̃a, itón ng̃a mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hitó, hitó ng̃a mg̃a, hitón mg̃a, hitón ng̃a mg̃a(of, etc., those)Adto.—Singular.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a, adton(that)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a, hadton(of, etc., that)Plural.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a mg̃a, adton mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a mg̃a, hadton mg̃a(of, etc., those)The formsadtonandhadtonare frequently used instead ofitón, hitónwhen the object referred to is very close to the listener.Itónis sometimes replaced by theformshadtoandhaton. Examples:mopáyadtónhiní(that one is better than this)condî darodacô iníhadton(but this is larger than that)say cohatón(I prefer that one).

Declension.

Adí.—SingularSubjective—Adí, adí ng̃a, adín(this)Objective—Hadí, hadí ng̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc. this)Plural.Subjective—Adí, adi ng̃a mg̃a, adín mg̃a(these)Objective—Hadí, hadi ng̃a mg̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc., these).Iní.—SingularSubjective—Iní, iní ng̃a, inín(this)Objective—Hiní, hiní ng̃a, hinín(of, etc., this)Plural.Subjective—Iní, ini ng̃a mg̃a, inín mg̃a(these)Objective,—Hiní, hini ng̃a mg̃a, hinin mg̃a(of, etc., these).[50]Itó.—Singular.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a, itón, itón ng̃a(that)Objective—Hitó, hitó ng̃a, hitón, hitón, ng̃a(of, etc. that)Plural.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a mg̃a, itón mg̃a, itón ng̃a mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hitó, hitó ng̃a mg̃a, hitón mg̃a, hitón ng̃a mg̃a(of, etc., those)Adto.—Singular.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a, adton(that)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a, hadton(of, etc., that)Plural.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a mg̃a, adton mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a mg̃a, hadton mg̃a(of, etc., those)The formsadtonandhadtonare frequently used instead ofitón, hitónwhen the object referred to is very close to the listener.Itónis sometimes replaced by theformshadtoandhaton. Examples:mopáyadtónhiní(that one is better than this)condî darodacô iníhadton(but this is larger than that)say cohatón(I prefer that one).

Adí.—SingularSubjective—Adí, adí ng̃a, adín(this)Objective—Hadí, hadí ng̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc. this)

Adí.—Singular

Subjective—Adí, adí ng̃a, adín(this)Objective—Hadí, hadí ng̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc. this)

Plural.Subjective—Adí, adi ng̃a mg̃a, adín mg̃a(these)Objective—Hadí, hadi ng̃a mg̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc., these).

Plural.

Subjective—Adí, adi ng̃a mg̃a, adín mg̃a(these)Objective—Hadí, hadi ng̃a mg̃a, hadín, or hadin mg̃a(of, etc., these).

Iní.—SingularSubjective—Iní, iní ng̃a, inín(this)Objective—Hiní, hiní ng̃a, hinín(of, etc., this)

Iní.—Singular

Subjective—Iní, iní ng̃a, inín(this)Objective—Hiní, hiní ng̃a, hinín(of, etc., this)

Plural.Subjective—Iní, ini ng̃a mg̃a, inín mg̃a(these)Objective,—Hiní, hini ng̃a mg̃a, hinin mg̃a(of, etc., these).[50]

Plural.

Subjective—Iní, ini ng̃a mg̃a, inín mg̃a(these)Objective,—Hiní, hini ng̃a mg̃a, hinin mg̃a(of, etc., these).[50]

Subjective—Iní, ini ng̃a mg̃a, inín mg̃a(these)Objective,—Hiní, hini ng̃a mg̃a, hinin mg̃a(of, etc., these).

[50]

Itó.—Singular.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a, itón, itón ng̃a(that)Objective—Hitó, hitó ng̃a, hitón, hitón, ng̃a(of, etc. that)

Itó.—Singular.

Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a, itón, itón ng̃a(that)Objective—Hitó, hitó ng̃a, hitón, hitón, ng̃a(of, etc. that)

Plural.Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a mg̃a, itón mg̃a, itón ng̃a mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hitó, hitó ng̃a mg̃a, hitón mg̃a, hitón ng̃a mg̃a(of, etc., those)

Plural.

Subjective.—Itó, itó ng̃a mg̃a, itón mg̃a, itón ng̃a mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hitó, hitó ng̃a mg̃a, hitón mg̃a, hitón ng̃a mg̃a(of, etc., those)

Adto.—Singular.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a, adton(that)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a, hadton(of, etc., that)

Adto.—Singular.

Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a, adton(that)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a, hadton(of, etc., that)

Plural.Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a mg̃a, adton mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a mg̃a, hadton mg̃a(of, etc., those)The formsadtonandhadtonare frequently used instead ofitón, hitónwhen the object referred to is very close to the listener.Itónis sometimes replaced by theformshadtoandhaton. Examples:mopáyadtónhiní(that one is better than this)condî darodacô iníhadton(but this is larger than that)say cohatón(I prefer that one).

Plural.

Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a mg̃a, adton mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a mg̃a, hadton mg̃a(of, etc., those)The formsadtonandhadtonare frequently used instead ofitón, hitónwhen the object referred to is very close to the listener.Itónis sometimes replaced by theformshadtoandhaton. Examples:mopáyadtónhiní(that one is better than this)condî darodacô iníhadton(but this is larger than that)say cohatón(I prefer that one).

Subjective.—Adto, adto ng̃a mg̃a, adton mg̃a(those)Objective.—Hadto, hadto ng̃a mg̃a, hadton mg̃a(of, etc., those)

The formsadtonandhadtonare frequently used instead ofitón, hitónwhen the object referred to is very close to the listener.Itónis sometimes replaced by theformshadtoandhaton. Examples:

mopáyadtónhiní(that one is better than this)condî darodacô iníhadton(but this is larger than that)say cohatón(I prefer that one).

POSSESSIVE.They are the following:SINGULARPLURALacon, co(my, mine)aton, ta, amon(our, ours)imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)iyo(your, yours)iya(his or her)ira(their)The formsco, mo, taare used only after the nouns.[51]The same distinction exists betweenatonandamon, as betweenquitáandcamí.64They have also two cases: subjective, and objective.Declension.Acon.—Singular.Subjective.—Acon, co(my, mine)Objective.—Ha acon, han acon(of, etc., my)Plural.Subjective.—Aton, ta, amon(our, ours)Objective.—Ha aton, han aton, ha amon, han amon(of, etc., our)Imo.—Singular.Subjective.—Imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)Objective.—Ha imo, han imo(of, etc., your, thy)Plural.Subjective.—Iyo(your, yours)Objective.—Ha iyo, han iyo(of, etc., your)Iya—Singular.Subjective—Iya(his, her, hers)Objective.—Ha iya, han iya(of, etc., his, her)Plural.Subjective.—Ira(their)Objective.—Ha ira, han ira(of, etc., their)These plurals refer to the subjects possessing. The plural referring to the objects possessed, is formed in each case by using the particlemg̃a,asAcon mg̃a cabogtóan(my brothers or sisters)Iyo mg̃a láuas(your bodies)Ira mg̃a cabalayán(their houses)[52]

POSSESSIVE.

They are the following:SINGULARPLURALacon, co(my, mine)aton, ta, amon(our, ours)imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)iyo(your, yours)iya(his or her)ira(their)The formsco, mo, taare used only after the nouns.[51]The same distinction exists betweenatonandamon, as betweenquitáandcamí.64They have also two cases: subjective, and objective.Declension.Acon.—Singular.Subjective.—Acon, co(my, mine)Objective.—Ha acon, han acon(of, etc., my)Plural.Subjective.—Aton, ta, amon(our, ours)Objective.—Ha aton, han aton, ha amon, han amon(of, etc., our)Imo.—Singular.Subjective.—Imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)Objective.—Ha imo, han imo(of, etc., your, thy)Plural.Subjective.—Iyo(your, yours)Objective.—Ha iyo, han iyo(of, etc., your)Iya—Singular.Subjective—Iya(his, her, hers)Objective.—Ha iya, han iya(of, etc., his, her)Plural.Subjective.—Ira(their)Objective.—Ha ira, han ira(of, etc., their)These plurals refer to the subjects possessing. The plural referring to the objects possessed, is formed in each case by using the particlemg̃a,asAcon mg̃a cabogtóan(my brothers or sisters)Iyo mg̃a láuas(your bodies)Ira mg̃a cabalayán(their houses)[52]

They are the following:

SINGULARPLURALacon, co(my, mine)aton, ta, amon(our, ours)imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)iyo(your, yours)iya(his or her)ira(their)

The formsco, mo, taare used only after the nouns.[51]

The same distinction exists betweenatonandamon, as betweenquitáandcamí.64

They have also two cases: subjective, and objective.

Declension.Acon.—Singular.Subjective.—Acon, co(my, mine)Objective.—Ha acon, han acon(of, etc., my)Plural.Subjective.—Aton, ta, amon(our, ours)Objective.—Ha aton, han aton, ha amon, han amon(of, etc., our)Imo.—Singular.Subjective.—Imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)Objective.—Ha imo, han imo(of, etc., your, thy)Plural.Subjective.—Iyo(your, yours)Objective.—Ha iyo, han iyo(of, etc., your)Iya—Singular.Subjective—Iya(his, her, hers)Objective.—Ha iya, han iya(of, etc., his, her)Plural.Subjective.—Ira(their)Objective.—Ha ira, han ira(of, etc., their)These plurals refer to the subjects possessing. The plural referring to the objects possessed, is formed in each case by using the particlemg̃a,asAcon mg̃a cabogtóan(my brothers or sisters)Iyo mg̃a láuas(your bodies)Ira mg̃a cabalayán(their houses)[52]

Declension.

Acon.—Singular.Subjective.—Acon, co(my, mine)Objective.—Ha acon, han acon(of, etc., my)Plural.Subjective.—Aton, ta, amon(our, ours)Objective.—Ha aton, han aton, ha amon, han amon(of, etc., our)Imo.—Singular.Subjective.—Imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)Objective.—Ha imo, han imo(of, etc., your, thy)Plural.Subjective.—Iyo(your, yours)Objective.—Ha iyo, han iyo(of, etc., your)Iya—Singular.Subjective—Iya(his, her, hers)Objective.—Ha iya, han iya(of, etc., his, her)Plural.Subjective.—Ira(their)Objective.—Ha ira, han ira(of, etc., their)These plurals refer to the subjects possessing. The plural referring to the objects possessed, is formed in each case by using the particlemg̃a,asAcon mg̃a cabogtóan(my brothers or sisters)Iyo mg̃a láuas(your bodies)Ira mg̃a cabalayán(their houses)[52]

Acon.—Singular.Subjective.—Acon, co(my, mine)Objective.—Ha acon, han acon(of, etc., my)

Acon.—Singular.

Subjective.—Acon, co(my, mine)Objective.—Ha acon, han acon(of, etc., my)

Plural.Subjective.—Aton, ta, amon(our, ours)Objective.—Ha aton, han aton, ha amon, han amon(of, etc., our)

Plural.

Subjective.—Aton, ta, amon(our, ours)Objective.—Ha aton, han aton, ha amon, han amon(of, etc., our)

Imo.—Singular.Subjective.—Imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)Objective.—Ha imo, han imo(of, etc., your, thy)

Imo.—Singular.

Subjective.—Imo, mo(thy, thine, your, yours)Objective.—Ha imo, han imo(of, etc., your, thy)

Plural.Subjective.—Iyo(your, yours)Objective.—Ha iyo, han iyo(of, etc., your)

Plural.

Subjective.—Iyo(your, yours)Objective.—Ha iyo, han iyo(of, etc., your)

Iya—Singular.Subjective—Iya(his, her, hers)Objective.—Ha iya, han iya(of, etc., his, her)

Iya—Singular.

Subjective—Iya(his, her, hers)Objective.—Ha iya, han iya(of, etc., his, her)

Plural.Subjective.—Ira(their)Objective.—Ha ira, han ira(of, etc., their)These plurals refer to the subjects possessing. The plural referring to the objects possessed, is formed in each case by using the particlemg̃a,asAcon mg̃a cabogtóan(my brothers or sisters)Iyo mg̃a láuas(your bodies)Ira mg̃a cabalayán(their houses)[52]

Plural.

Subjective.—Ira(their)Objective.—Ha ira, han ira(of, etc., their)These plurals refer to the subjects possessing. The plural referring to the objects possessed, is formed in each case by using the particlemg̃a,asAcon mg̃a cabogtóan(my brothers or sisters)Iyo mg̃a láuas(your bodies)Ira mg̃a cabalayán(their houses)[52]

Subjective.—Ira(their)Objective.—Ha ira, han ira(of, etc., their)

These plurals refer to the subjects possessing. The plural referring to the objects possessed, is formed in each case by using the particlemg̃a,as

Acon mg̃a cabogtóan(my brothers or sisters)Iyo mg̃a láuas(your bodies)Ira mg̃a cabalayán(their houses)

[52]

RELATIVEThey are as follows:Ng̃a(that, which)anó(what)bisan anó(whatever)hín’o or sin’o65(who)bisan hin’o or bisan sin’o(whoever)háin(which)bisan háin(whichever)These pronouns, excepthin’oandbisan hin’ohave noinflectionfor cases.Ng̃a.This relative always refers to the subject of the verb. It never relates to the complement. So the sentence:“the housethatPeter builds is big”,cannot be translatedliterallyinto Bisayan. It isexpressedby passive voice. Thus:“an baláyng̃aguintitindog ni Pedro, dacô”;literally“the house that is being built by Peter is big”, And this:“the book which you gave me yesterday”is translated:“an basahónng̃aihinátag mo ha acon cacolóp”;literally“the book which was given by you to me yesterday”This pronoun is indispensable when a substantive is qualified by an adjective, asmaópayng̃atáuo(good man,)notmaúpay táuo,bucad ng̃a mahamót(fragrantflower)notbucád mahamot66It differs from the conjunctionng̃a(that) in that the[53]pronoun always refers to a noun, never to a verb.NOTE.—This particleng̃aexpresses in some instances the idea of “saying,” “question,” “answer,” etc., as when we say:Ng̃ani Pedro: “tágui acó hin salapí.” Dáyon batón ni Juan,ng̃aniya: “uaray co salapí.”Peter said: “give me money.” John immediately replied by saying: “I have no money.”Pacanhía hi Guillermo.Ng̃anatón67“guinquiquína hang̃lan ca didto.”Make Guillermo come. Tell him: “you are needed there.”When applied to the third person it is frequently combined with the particlelaóng̃as:Násiring̃ hi Pedro, ng̃alaóng̃: “magtotoón aco.”Peter said: “I shall study”.This special idea conveyed by the wordng̃aseems to show in other instances in the Bisayan tongue, as when it is said depreciatively:¡Ca damò hin im ng̃ang̃a!How many things you ask or talk!where the doubledng̃ameans request or talking.Anó.This pronoun has the same use as the Englishwhat, except when the latter is used as an objective relative, in which case the said English pronoun is translated by the articlean.As when it is said:“Whatyou need is patience, not science,” which is translated:Anguinquiquinahang̃lan mo an pag-ílob, dirì hibaró.[54]Bisan anó.Bisan anomeans “anything” or “whatever.” Examples:Whatever you do I’ll know it.Bisan anoin buháton mo, hisasabotán co.Give me anything eatable.Tágui aco hinbisan anóng̃a hacaraón.It is frequently replaced byanolâ, oranoano lâ. Ex.:Anything you may desire, I’ll give you.Ano lâng̃a caruyágon mo, ihahatag co ha imo.You wish to see everything.Anoano lâbuót mo hiquit’an.When it is preceded by an article, it means “which,” asWhich horse do you like?¿An anóng̃a cabayo in buót mo?Hin’oThis relative is only used in the interrogative phrases. It is not employed as the English “who” when this relative serves as “that”. So this phrase“that personwhotalks is my brother” is translated: “itón tauong̃anagyayácan, acon bugto,” not “itón tauohin’onagyayácan, etc.”It has two cases: subjective and objective.DeclensionSINGULARPLURALSubjective—Hin’o(who)Hirá hin’o(who)Objective—Canáy, can canáy(of, etc. whom whose)Canda canáy(of, etc., whom, whose)Bisan hin’oBisan hin’omeans “whoever” or “anyone”. Example:[55]Whoever is there, let him come.Bisan hin’oin adâ, pacanhía.Anyone knows him.Bisan hin’onáquilála ha iya.It also has two cases: subjective and objective.Declension.SINGULARPLURALSubjective.—Bisan hin’o(whoever)Bisan hirá hin’o(whoever)Objective.—Bisan canáy(of, etc., whomever)Bisan canda canáy(of etc., whoever)Hain.Hainmeans “which.” Examples:Which of these hats is yours?¿Háin hiní ng̃a mg̃a calò in imo?Similarly to “ano,” the pronoun “háin” is only used in the interrogative forms, never asng̃a(that). So the phrase“the book which you saw”is translated“anbasahónng̃aimo quinità”(literally: the book that was seen by you), and not“an basahonháinicao quinmità.”Bisan háin.It is equivalent to the English “whichever,” Examples:Whichever of those books satisfies me.Didâ hitó ng̃a mga basahónbisan háinmaopay co.NOTE.—These relativeshainandbisan háinmust not be confounded with the adverbs of the same form,háin(where) andbisan háin(wherever). The former refer only to nouns, the latter to verbs.[56]

RELATIVE

They are as follows:Ng̃a(that, which)anó(what)bisan anó(whatever)hín’o or sin’o65(who)bisan hin’o or bisan sin’o(whoever)háin(which)bisan háin(whichever)These pronouns, excepthin’oandbisan hin’ohave noinflectionfor cases.Ng̃a.This relative always refers to the subject of the verb. It never relates to the complement. So the sentence:“the housethatPeter builds is big”,cannot be translatedliterallyinto Bisayan. It isexpressedby passive voice. Thus:“an baláyng̃aguintitindog ni Pedro, dacô”;literally“the house that is being built by Peter is big”, And this:“the book which you gave me yesterday”is translated:“an basahónng̃aihinátag mo ha acon cacolóp”;literally“the book which was given by you to me yesterday”This pronoun is indispensable when a substantive is qualified by an adjective, asmaópayng̃atáuo(good man,)notmaúpay táuo,bucad ng̃a mahamót(fragrantflower)notbucád mahamot66It differs from the conjunctionng̃a(that) in that the[53]pronoun always refers to a noun, never to a verb.NOTE.—This particleng̃aexpresses in some instances the idea of “saying,” “question,” “answer,” etc., as when we say:Ng̃ani Pedro: “tágui acó hin salapí.” Dáyon batón ni Juan,ng̃aniya: “uaray co salapí.”Peter said: “give me money.” John immediately replied by saying: “I have no money.”Pacanhía hi Guillermo.Ng̃anatón67“guinquiquína hang̃lan ca didto.”Make Guillermo come. Tell him: “you are needed there.”When applied to the third person it is frequently combined with the particlelaóng̃as:Násiring̃ hi Pedro, ng̃alaóng̃: “magtotoón aco.”Peter said: “I shall study”.This special idea conveyed by the wordng̃aseems to show in other instances in the Bisayan tongue, as when it is said depreciatively:¡Ca damò hin im ng̃ang̃a!How many things you ask or talk!where the doubledng̃ameans request or talking.Anó.This pronoun has the same use as the Englishwhat, except when the latter is used as an objective relative, in which case the said English pronoun is translated by the articlean.As when it is said:“Whatyou need is patience, not science,” which is translated:Anguinquiquinahang̃lan mo an pag-ílob, dirì hibaró.[54]Bisan anó.Bisan anomeans “anything” or “whatever.” Examples:Whatever you do I’ll know it.Bisan anoin buháton mo, hisasabotán co.Give me anything eatable.Tágui aco hinbisan anóng̃a hacaraón.It is frequently replaced byanolâ, oranoano lâ. Ex.:Anything you may desire, I’ll give you.Ano lâng̃a caruyágon mo, ihahatag co ha imo.You wish to see everything.Anoano lâbuót mo hiquit’an.When it is preceded by an article, it means “which,” asWhich horse do you like?¿An anóng̃a cabayo in buót mo?Hin’oThis relative is only used in the interrogative phrases. It is not employed as the English “who” when this relative serves as “that”. So this phrase“that personwhotalks is my brother” is translated: “itón tauong̃anagyayácan, acon bugto,” not “itón tauohin’onagyayácan, etc.”It has two cases: subjective and objective.DeclensionSINGULARPLURALSubjective—Hin’o(who)Hirá hin’o(who)Objective—Canáy, can canáy(of, etc. whom whose)Canda canáy(of, etc., whom, whose)Bisan hin’oBisan hin’omeans “whoever” or “anyone”. Example:[55]Whoever is there, let him come.Bisan hin’oin adâ, pacanhía.Anyone knows him.Bisan hin’onáquilála ha iya.It also has two cases: subjective and objective.Declension.SINGULARPLURALSubjective.—Bisan hin’o(whoever)Bisan hirá hin’o(whoever)Objective.—Bisan canáy(of, etc., whomever)Bisan canda canáy(of etc., whoever)Hain.Hainmeans “which.” Examples:Which of these hats is yours?¿Háin hiní ng̃a mg̃a calò in imo?Similarly to “ano,” the pronoun “háin” is only used in the interrogative forms, never asng̃a(that). So the phrase“the book which you saw”is translated“anbasahónng̃aimo quinità”(literally: the book that was seen by you), and not“an basahonháinicao quinmità.”Bisan háin.It is equivalent to the English “whichever,” Examples:Whichever of those books satisfies me.Didâ hitó ng̃a mga basahónbisan háinmaopay co.NOTE.—These relativeshainandbisan háinmust not be confounded with the adverbs of the same form,háin(where) andbisan háin(wherever). The former refer only to nouns, the latter to verbs.[56]

They are as follows:

Ng̃a(that, which)anó(what)bisan anó(whatever)hín’o or sin’o65(who)bisan hin’o or bisan sin’o(whoever)háin(which)bisan háin(whichever)

These pronouns, excepthin’oandbisan hin’ohave noinflectionfor cases.

Ng̃a.This relative always refers to the subject of the verb. It never relates to the complement. So the sentence:“the housethatPeter builds is big”,cannot be translatedliterallyinto Bisayan. It isexpressedby passive voice. Thus:“an baláyng̃aguintitindog ni Pedro, dacô”;literally“the house that is being built by Peter is big”, And this:“the book which you gave me yesterday”is translated:“an basahónng̃aihinátag mo ha acon cacolóp”;literally“the book which was given by you to me yesterday”This pronoun is indispensable when a substantive is qualified by an adjective, asmaópayng̃atáuo(good man,)notmaúpay táuo,bucad ng̃a mahamót(fragrantflower)notbucád mahamot66It differs from the conjunctionng̃a(that) in that the[53]pronoun always refers to a noun, never to a verb.NOTE.—This particleng̃aexpresses in some instances the idea of “saying,” “question,” “answer,” etc., as when we say:Ng̃ani Pedro: “tágui acó hin salapí.” Dáyon batón ni Juan,ng̃aniya: “uaray co salapí.”Peter said: “give me money.” John immediately replied by saying: “I have no money.”Pacanhía hi Guillermo.Ng̃anatón67“guinquiquína hang̃lan ca didto.”Make Guillermo come. Tell him: “you are needed there.”When applied to the third person it is frequently combined with the particlelaóng̃as:Násiring̃ hi Pedro, ng̃alaóng̃: “magtotoón aco.”Peter said: “I shall study”.This special idea conveyed by the wordng̃aseems to show in other instances in the Bisayan tongue, as when it is said depreciatively:¡Ca damò hin im ng̃ang̃a!How many things you ask or talk!where the doubledng̃ameans request or talking.

Ng̃a.

This relative always refers to the subject of the verb. It never relates to the complement. So the sentence:“the housethatPeter builds is big”,cannot be translatedliterallyinto Bisayan. It isexpressedby passive voice. Thus:“an baláyng̃aguintitindog ni Pedro, dacô”;literally“the house that is being built by Peter is big”, And this:“the book which you gave me yesterday”is translated:“an basahónng̃aihinátag mo ha acon cacolóp”;literally“the book which was given by you to me yesterday”This pronoun is indispensable when a substantive is qualified by an adjective, asmaópayng̃atáuo(good man,)notmaúpay táuo,bucad ng̃a mahamót(fragrantflower)notbucád mahamot66It differs from the conjunctionng̃a(that) in that the[53]pronoun always refers to a noun, never to a verb.NOTE.—This particleng̃aexpresses in some instances the idea of “saying,” “question,” “answer,” etc., as when we say:Ng̃ani Pedro: “tágui acó hin salapí.” Dáyon batón ni Juan,ng̃aniya: “uaray co salapí.”Peter said: “give me money.” John immediately replied by saying: “I have no money.”Pacanhía hi Guillermo.Ng̃anatón67“guinquiquína hang̃lan ca didto.”Make Guillermo come. Tell him: “you are needed there.”When applied to the third person it is frequently combined with the particlelaóng̃as:Násiring̃ hi Pedro, ng̃alaóng̃: “magtotoón aco.”Peter said: “I shall study”.This special idea conveyed by the wordng̃aseems to show in other instances in the Bisayan tongue, as when it is said depreciatively:¡Ca damò hin im ng̃ang̃a!How many things you ask or talk!where the doubledng̃ameans request or talking.

This relative always refers to the subject of the verb. It never relates to the complement. So the sentence:

“the housethatPeter builds is big”,

cannot be translatedliterallyinto Bisayan. It isexpressedby passive voice. Thus:

“an baláyng̃aguintitindog ni Pedro, dacô”;

literally“the house that is being built by Peter is big”, And this:

“the book which you gave me yesterday”

is translated:

“an basahónng̃aihinátag mo ha acon cacolóp”;

literally“the book which was given by you to me yesterday”

This pronoun is indispensable when a substantive is qualified by an adjective, as

maópayng̃atáuo(good man,)notmaúpay táuo,bucad ng̃a mahamót(fragrantflower)notbucád mahamot66

It differs from the conjunctionng̃a(that) in that the[53]pronoun always refers to a noun, never to a verb.

NOTE.—This particleng̃aexpresses in some instances the idea of “saying,” “question,” “answer,” etc., as when we say:

Ng̃ani Pedro: “tágui acó hin salapí.” Dáyon batón ni Juan,ng̃aniya: “uaray co salapí.”

Peter said: “give me money.” John immediately replied by saying: “I have no money.”

Pacanhía hi Guillermo.Ng̃anatón67“guinquiquína hang̃lan ca didto.”

Make Guillermo come. Tell him: “you are needed there.”

When applied to the third person it is frequently combined with the particlelaóng̃as:

Násiring̃ hi Pedro, ng̃alaóng̃: “magtotoón aco.”

Peter said: “I shall study”.

This special idea conveyed by the wordng̃aseems to show in other instances in the Bisayan tongue, as when it is said depreciatively:

¡Ca damò hin im ng̃ang̃a!

How many things you ask or talk!

where the doubledng̃ameans request or talking.

Anó.This pronoun has the same use as the Englishwhat, except when the latter is used as an objective relative, in which case the said English pronoun is translated by the articlean.As when it is said:“Whatyou need is patience, not science,” which is translated:Anguinquiquinahang̃lan mo an pag-ílob, dirì hibaró.[54]

Anó.

This pronoun has the same use as the Englishwhat, except when the latter is used as an objective relative, in which case the said English pronoun is translated by the articlean.As when it is said:“Whatyou need is patience, not science,” which is translated:Anguinquiquinahang̃lan mo an pag-ílob, dirì hibaró.[54]

This pronoun has the same use as the Englishwhat, except when the latter is used as an objective relative, in which case the said English pronoun is translated by the articlean.As when it is said:

“Whatyou need is patience, not science,” which is translated:

Anguinquiquinahang̃lan mo an pag-ílob, dirì hibaró.[54]

Bisan anó.Bisan anomeans “anything” or “whatever.” Examples:Whatever you do I’ll know it.Bisan anoin buháton mo, hisasabotán co.Give me anything eatable.Tágui aco hinbisan anóng̃a hacaraón.It is frequently replaced byanolâ, oranoano lâ. Ex.:Anything you may desire, I’ll give you.Ano lâng̃a caruyágon mo, ihahatag co ha imo.You wish to see everything.Anoano lâbuót mo hiquit’an.When it is preceded by an article, it means “which,” asWhich horse do you like?¿An anóng̃a cabayo in buót mo?

Bisan anó.

Bisan anomeans “anything” or “whatever.” Examples:Whatever you do I’ll know it.Bisan anoin buháton mo, hisasabotán co.Give me anything eatable.Tágui aco hinbisan anóng̃a hacaraón.It is frequently replaced byanolâ, oranoano lâ. Ex.:Anything you may desire, I’ll give you.Ano lâng̃a caruyágon mo, ihahatag co ha imo.You wish to see everything.Anoano lâbuót mo hiquit’an.When it is preceded by an article, it means “which,” asWhich horse do you like?¿An anóng̃a cabayo in buót mo?

Bisan anomeans “anything” or “whatever.” Examples:

Whatever you do I’ll know it.

Bisan anoin buháton mo, hisasabotán co.

Give me anything eatable.

Tágui aco hinbisan anóng̃a hacaraón.

It is frequently replaced byanolâ, oranoano lâ. Ex.:

Anything you may desire, I’ll give you.

Ano lâng̃a caruyágon mo, ihahatag co ha imo.

You wish to see everything.

Anoano lâbuót mo hiquit’an.

When it is preceded by an article, it means “which,” as

Which horse do you like?

¿An anóng̃a cabayo in buót mo?

Hin’oThis relative is only used in the interrogative phrases. It is not employed as the English “who” when this relative serves as “that”. So this phrase“that personwhotalks is my brother” is translated: “itón tauong̃anagyayácan, acon bugto,” not “itón tauohin’onagyayácan, etc.”It has two cases: subjective and objective.DeclensionSINGULARPLURALSubjective—Hin’o(who)Hirá hin’o(who)Objective—Canáy, can canáy(of, etc. whom whose)Canda canáy(of, etc., whom, whose)

Hin’o

This relative is only used in the interrogative phrases. It is not employed as the English “who” when this relative serves as “that”. So this phrase“that personwhotalks is my brother” is translated: “itón tauong̃anagyayácan, acon bugto,” not “itón tauohin’onagyayácan, etc.”It has two cases: subjective and objective.DeclensionSINGULARPLURALSubjective—Hin’o(who)Hirá hin’o(who)Objective—Canáy, can canáy(of, etc. whom whose)Canda canáy(of, etc., whom, whose)

This relative is only used in the interrogative phrases. It is not employed as the English “who” when this relative serves as “that”. So this phrase

“that personwhotalks is my brother” is translated: “itón tauong̃anagyayácan, acon bugto,” not “itón tauohin’onagyayácan, etc.”

It has two cases: subjective and objective.

DeclensionSINGULARPLURALSubjective—Hin’o(who)Hirá hin’o(who)Objective—Canáy, can canáy(of, etc. whom whose)Canda canáy(of, etc., whom, whose)

Declension

SINGULARPLURALSubjective—Hin’o(who)Hirá hin’o(who)Objective—Canáy, can canáy(of, etc. whom whose)Canda canáy(of, etc., whom, whose)

Bisan hin’oBisan hin’omeans “whoever” or “anyone”. Example:[55]Whoever is there, let him come.Bisan hin’oin adâ, pacanhía.Anyone knows him.Bisan hin’onáquilála ha iya.It also has two cases: subjective and objective.Declension.SINGULARPLURALSubjective.—Bisan hin’o(whoever)Bisan hirá hin’o(whoever)Objective.—Bisan canáy(of, etc., whomever)Bisan canda canáy(of etc., whoever)

Bisan hin’o

Bisan hin’omeans “whoever” or “anyone”. Example:[55]Whoever is there, let him come.Bisan hin’oin adâ, pacanhía.Anyone knows him.Bisan hin’onáquilála ha iya.It also has two cases: subjective and objective.Declension.SINGULARPLURALSubjective.—Bisan hin’o(whoever)Bisan hirá hin’o(whoever)Objective.—Bisan canáy(of, etc., whomever)Bisan canda canáy(of etc., whoever)

Bisan hin’omeans “whoever” or “anyone”. Example:[55]

Whoever is there, let him come.

Bisan hin’oin adâ, pacanhía.

Anyone knows him.

Bisan hin’onáquilála ha iya.

It also has two cases: subjective and objective.

Declension.SINGULARPLURALSubjective.—Bisan hin’o(whoever)Bisan hirá hin’o(whoever)Objective.—Bisan canáy(of, etc., whomever)Bisan canda canáy(of etc., whoever)

Declension.

SINGULARPLURALSubjective.—Bisan hin’o(whoever)Bisan hirá hin’o(whoever)Objective.—Bisan canáy(of, etc., whomever)Bisan canda canáy(of etc., whoever)

Hain.Hainmeans “which.” Examples:Which of these hats is yours?¿Háin hiní ng̃a mg̃a calò in imo?Similarly to “ano,” the pronoun “háin” is only used in the interrogative forms, never asng̃a(that). So the phrase“the book which you saw”is translated“anbasahónng̃aimo quinità”(literally: the book that was seen by you), and not“an basahonháinicao quinmità.”

Hain.

Hainmeans “which.” Examples:Which of these hats is yours?¿Háin hiní ng̃a mg̃a calò in imo?Similarly to “ano,” the pronoun “háin” is only used in the interrogative forms, never asng̃a(that). So the phrase“the book which you saw”is translated“anbasahónng̃aimo quinità”(literally: the book that was seen by you), and not“an basahonháinicao quinmità.”

Hainmeans “which.” Examples:

Which of these hats is yours?

¿Háin hiní ng̃a mg̃a calò in imo?

Similarly to “ano,” the pronoun “háin” is only used in the interrogative forms, never asng̃a(that). So the phrase

“the book which you saw”

is translated

“anbasahónng̃aimo quinità”

(literally: the book that was seen by you), and not

“an basahonháinicao quinmità.”

Bisan háin.It is equivalent to the English “whichever,” Examples:Whichever of those books satisfies me.Didâ hitó ng̃a mga basahónbisan háinmaopay co.NOTE.—These relativeshainandbisan háinmust not be confounded with the adverbs of the same form,háin(where) andbisan háin(wherever). The former refer only to nouns, the latter to verbs.[56]

Bisan háin.

It is equivalent to the English “whichever,” Examples:Whichever of those books satisfies me.Didâ hitó ng̃a mga basahónbisan háinmaopay co.NOTE.—These relativeshainandbisan háinmust not be confounded with the adverbs of the same form,háin(where) andbisan háin(wherever). The former refer only to nouns, the latter to verbs.[56]

It is equivalent to the English “whichever,” Examples:

Whichever of those books satisfies me.

Didâ hitó ng̃a mga basahónbisan háinmaopay co.

NOTE.—These relativeshainandbisan háinmust not be confounded with the adverbs of the same form,háin(where) andbisan háin(wherever). The former refer only to nouns, the latter to verbs.[56]

CONTRACTIONS.The pronouns are frequently contracted as follows:acó, ácon,toacnáconto,,nacdáconto,,daccamíto,,camquitáto,,quitnámonto,,namámonto,,amnátonto,,natátonto,,atdámonto,,damdátonto,,daticáoto,,icnímoto,,nimimoto,,imdimoto,,dimcamóto,,camadito,,adiníto,,initóto,,itadínto,,aditónto,,ithadíto,,hadhadínto,,hadhiníto,,hinhinínto,,hinhitóto,,hithitónto,,hithatónto,,hatáconto,,acátonto,,atámonto,,amimoto,,inibisan anóto,,bis anobisan háinto,,bis hain[57]

CONTRACTIONS.

The pronouns are frequently contracted as follows:acó, ácon,toacnáconto,,nacdáconto,,daccamíto,,camquitáto,,quitnámonto,,namámonto,,amnátonto,,natátonto,,atdámonto,,damdátonto,,daticáoto,,icnímoto,,nimimoto,,imdimoto,,dimcamóto,,camadito,,adiníto,,initóto,,itadínto,,aditónto,,ithadíto,,hadhadínto,,hadhiníto,,hinhinínto,,hinhitóto,,hithitónto,,hithatónto,,hatáconto,,acátonto,,atámonto,,amimoto,,inibisan anóto,,bis anobisan háinto,,bis hain[57]

The pronouns are frequently contracted as follows:

acó, ácon,toacnáconto,,nacdáconto,,daccamíto,,camquitáto,,quitnámonto,,namámonto,,amnátonto,,natátonto,,atdámonto,,damdátonto,,daticáoto,,icnímoto,,nimimoto,,imdimoto,,dimcamóto,,camadito,,adiníto,,initóto,,itadínto,,aditónto,,ithadíto,,hadhadínto,,hadhiníto,,hinhinínto,,hinhitóto,,hithitónto,,hithatónto,,hatáconto,,acátonto,,atámonto,,amimoto,,inibisan anóto,,bis anobisan háinto,,bis hain

[57]

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