The audience then terminated, and the deputation withdrew to the large room at the King's Arms, Palace Yard, where several delegates delivered spirit-stirring addresses, which contained earnest exhortations to each other, and to their friends in the country, to combine and manfully to fight the battle of protection for England's best interests; and a determination was expressed to act, in their respective localities, upon the advice of the committee of the National Association, to "Register, register, register."
THE DELEGATES' ADDRESS TO LORD STANLEY, AND HIS LORDSHIP'S REPLY.
LordStanleyhaving complied with the request which had been made to him, founded upon a resolution agreed to at the meeting at the South Sea House, on Thursday last, to receive an address from the delegates, on the termination of the above proceedings, a large body of gentlemen, headed by Mr William Layton, the chairman of the Isle of Ely Protectionist Society, proceeded to Lord Eglinton's mansion in St James's Square, for that purpose, there being no room in Lord Stanley's residence sufficiently large for their reception. In addition to the delegates already named, there were present the noble owner of the mansion; the Earl of Malmesbury; Mr W. Forbes Mackenzie, M.P.; Mr Newdegate, M.P.; Colonel Sibthorp, M.P.; Mr Albert Williams; Mr W. Long of Hurts Hall, Suffolk; Major Playfair, St Andrew's; Mr Ritchie, Dunbar; Professor Aytoun, and Mr Blackwood.
MrLayton, who was intrusted with the duty of presenting the address to LordStanley, said that the gentlemen then present had been deputed by their co-delegates to wait upon his lordship, as the leader of the Protectionist party in the House of Lords, to make known to him the extent of the distress which was at this time prevailing in all parts of the country, and to ask his advice with regard to the course which it was most advisable for them to pursue in the midst of their difficulties. They felt that they had been deserted by a considerable portion of the members of both houses of the legislature, and in this extremity they turned to his lordship, who had so long been the ablest and most powerful of the advocates in this cause. (Hear.) They had that morning had the honour of waiting upon Lord John Russell; but grieved to heart was he to say that the noble lord, the Prime Minister of England, was unwilling in any way to respond to the appeal which had been made to him on behalf of the suffering tenantry of the country. He (Mr Layton) held in his hand a copy of the address which had been submitted to Lord J. Russell, and, with Lord Stanley's permission, would lay it before him, that he might gather therefrom what were the feelings and sentiments which were entertained by the great body of the agricultural community. The delegates were prepared, if his lordship would give them encouragement, to return to their respective localities, and use their best exertions for the purpose of accomplishing the overthrow of that insane policy to which was attributable the distress of which they complained. (Hear.) Mr Disraeli had stated that it was outside the walls of the Houses of Parliament that this great battle was now to be fought. And we are prepared to fight the battle—exclaimedMr Layton—we are prepared to go into our respective localities, and convince the House of Lords that the yeomanry and tenant-farmers of this country, amongst whom this great movement emanates, will not cease agitating until we have attained our object. (Hear, hear.) We have to-day been taunted by Lord J. Russell that there has been no movement made by the Protectionist party in parliament to reverse the present policy. But, as you, my Lord Stanley, know well, this is for the best of all possible reasons. You know that we have not that support and encouragement in either house, which will warrant an attempt to reverse that iniquitous policy. (Hear, hear.) We have come to town at great expense and inconvenience to ourselves. I myself am deputed from a locality which is distinguished in every respect, alike for the richness of its soil, and the industry, the virtuous habits, and the loyalty of its people—the Isle of Ely. That district comprises 300,000 acres of the most fertile and productive land in the United Kingdom, and yet, with all these advantages, we have been plunged into difficulties; and unless we have the powerful aid and co-operation of men like your lordship, we must inevitably be ruined. (Hear, hear.) If such be the case with a country like that of the Isle of Ely, what must be the state of those districts where the cold clay soils prevail? (Hear, hear.) I am the owner of property, and I find it impossible to collect my rents. Believe me that we do not come here under false colours. We simply desire, as honest men, to inform your lordship of the exact position in which we are placed; and also, I regret to say, of the deplorable condition to which the agricultural labourers are being reduced. With your lordship's permission I will now read the address:—
"TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE LORD STANLEY, &c.
"My Lord,—We have the honour to wait upon your lordship, in your acknowledged character of leader of the great Protection party in the House of Lords. We form a portion of a numerous body of delegates this week assembled in London, from the various local agricultural societies in Great Britain, and our object in troubling your lordship is to represent to you the sentiments of those delegates, and of their constituents, on the present alarming position of the agricultural interest in this kingdom."Your lordship has probably seen in the public prints the reports of the proceedings of the great meeting of delegates, held at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, in the Strand, on Tuesday last. The resolutions of that meeting embody generally the sentiments of the delegates on the subjects then under discussion, and to them, therefore, we beg respectfully to refer your lordship, and also to the very important facts stated by the various speakers, and the arguments advanced by them in support of the resolutions."Your lordship will be able to collect from them the following distinct propositions:—"That the existing system of a free importation of foreign agricultural produce is destroying the income of the farmer, and gradually undermining his capital."That the labourer, from inadequacy of wages and dearth of employment, is fast approaching a state of poverty and destitution, and that he is becoming discontented, dispirited, and dissatisfied with the laws of his country."That land is rapidly declining in value, and in many districts, as well as in the colonies, is becoming unsaleable, except at great sacrifices on the part of the owners."That the difficulties of entering into new engagements for the hire of farms are increasing to an alarming extent, and that in various parts of the country occupations have been already abandoned."That many of the great trading interests of the country are beginning to feel the mischievous effects of the free trade policy; and the home trade, already in a languishing state, will soon become greatly depressed."That in some parts of Scotland and England an extensive emigration of small farmers and labourers prevails, affording the strongest proof that can be adduced of their perilous condition in this country."That the evils adverted to are fraught with imminent danger to the best interests of the state, which can only be averted by a just system of import duties based on a fair remuneration to the cultivators of the soil."That prompt and efficacious measures of relief ought to be adopted, and any postponement of them to a future session, or a future parliament, may be fatal in its consequences, and may have the effect of seriously damaging, if not of destroying, some of the most valuable of our institutions in Church and State."The aforegoing propositions, my lord, we sincerely believe will be found on examination to contain indisputable truths. We have already been in communicationon the subject with the First Lord of the Treasury, and we have felt it our bounden duty, in a matter of such vast importance to the national interests, to convey to your lordship a frank and explicit avowal of our sentiments. We firmly believe that any delay in redressing the grievances under which the agricultural and other interests labour, will be found pregnant with danger to the institutions of the country, and, as loyal subjects of the Throne, firmly attached to those institutions, we have not hesitated to give warning of it in every quarter where any degree of responsibility may be considered to rest. We feel well assured your lordship will give to this communication, and to any observations any member of the deputation may address to you, a most anxious and earnest consideration."With great respect,"I have the honour to be, my Lord,"Your Lordship's very obedient servant,"William Layton, Chairman,"And on behalf of the Delegates now assembled in London."Having informed Lord Stanley of the intended Protectionist meeting at Liverpool at which a great number of agricultural delegates were to be present, Mr Layton concluded by assuring his lordship of the determination of those gentlemen to be guided by his counsels in prosecuting their future crusade against the destructive system of free trade. (Hear, hear.)
"My Lord,—We have the honour to wait upon your lordship, in your acknowledged character of leader of the great Protection party in the House of Lords. We form a portion of a numerous body of delegates this week assembled in London, from the various local agricultural societies in Great Britain, and our object in troubling your lordship is to represent to you the sentiments of those delegates, and of their constituents, on the present alarming position of the agricultural interest in this kingdom.
"Your lordship has probably seen in the public prints the reports of the proceedings of the great meeting of delegates, held at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, in the Strand, on Tuesday last. The resolutions of that meeting embody generally the sentiments of the delegates on the subjects then under discussion, and to them, therefore, we beg respectfully to refer your lordship, and also to the very important facts stated by the various speakers, and the arguments advanced by them in support of the resolutions.
"Your lordship will be able to collect from them the following distinct propositions:—
"That the existing system of a free importation of foreign agricultural produce is destroying the income of the farmer, and gradually undermining his capital.
"That the labourer, from inadequacy of wages and dearth of employment, is fast approaching a state of poverty and destitution, and that he is becoming discontented, dispirited, and dissatisfied with the laws of his country.
"That land is rapidly declining in value, and in many districts, as well as in the colonies, is becoming unsaleable, except at great sacrifices on the part of the owners.
"That the difficulties of entering into new engagements for the hire of farms are increasing to an alarming extent, and that in various parts of the country occupations have been already abandoned.
"That many of the great trading interests of the country are beginning to feel the mischievous effects of the free trade policy; and the home trade, already in a languishing state, will soon become greatly depressed.
"That in some parts of Scotland and England an extensive emigration of small farmers and labourers prevails, affording the strongest proof that can be adduced of their perilous condition in this country.
"That the evils adverted to are fraught with imminent danger to the best interests of the state, which can only be averted by a just system of import duties based on a fair remuneration to the cultivators of the soil.
"That prompt and efficacious measures of relief ought to be adopted, and any postponement of them to a future session, or a future parliament, may be fatal in its consequences, and may have the effect of seriously damaging, if not of destroying, some of the most valuable of our institutions in Church and State.
"The aforegoing propositions, my lord, we sincerely believe will be found on examination to contain indisputable truths. We have already been in communicationon the subject with the First Lord of the Treasury, and we have felt it our bounden duty, in a matter of such vast importance to the national interests, to convey to your lordship a frank and explicit avowal of our sentiments. We firmly believe that any delay in redressing the grievances under which the agricultural and other interests labour, will be found pregnant with danger to the institutions of the country, and, as loyal subjects of the Throne, firmly attached to those institutions, we have not hesitated to give warning of it in every quarter where any degree of responsibility may be considered to rest. We feel well assured your lordship will give to this communication, and to any observations any member of the deputation may address to you, a most anxious and earnest consideration.
"With great respect,"I have the honour to be, my Lord,"Your Lordship's very obedient servant,"William Layton, Chairman,
"And on behalf of the Delegates now assembled in London."
Having informed Lord Stanley of the intended Protectionist meeting at Liverpool at which a great number of agricultural delegates were to be present, Mr Layton concluded by assuring his lordship of the determination of those gentlemen to be guided by his counsels in prosecuting their future crusade against the destructive system of free trade. (Hear, hear.)
Lord STANLEY.—Gentlemen,—I need hardly say to you that I have listened to the observations so forcibly made by Mr. Layton with very mingled feelings. I have listened to them with feelings of deep gratitude for the kindness with which, in your present alarming circumstances, you have expressed the confidence which you feel in me; and at the same time with an earnest desire that you may find that confidence not to have been misplaced, if not with regard to my ability, at least with regard to my inclination to serve you. But mixed with those feelings of personal gratification there cannot but be others of a most painful character. (Hear.) Mr Layton has truly observed that this delegation, and this move, is altogether unparalleled in the history of the country. The agricultural interest is not one that is generally quick to move, eager and ready to combine, or disposed to agitate. (Hear, hear.) It is of all other interests the most stable, the most peaceful, the least excitable; and great indeed must have been the distress of all connected with that interest—of landlords, of tenants, and of labourers—when it has been such as to overcome the natural difficulties which stand in the way of their combination, to excite so mighty a movement as that which is now stirring the country from one end to the other, and to create such a manifestation of opinion as I have read of as displayed in your proceedings the other day, and as I see embodied in the deputation whom I have now the honour to address. But, lamentable as have been the consequences of a mistaken and an insane policy, they are not greater than those which, when that policy was first proposed, I fearfully and anxiously anticipated. (Hear, hear.) So far, at least, I may claim, I hope, some justification for the confidence which you have been pleased to repose in me; for from the first I have never entertained a doubt of the melancholy results that would flow from that policy; and being convinced that that policy was alike unwise and unjust, my part was taken at once. (Hear, hear.) Office, and everything that is gratifying to a public man, was abandoned without hesitation; and to that policy I declared then, as to that policy I repeat my declaration now, that I would not, and I will not be a party. (Hear, hear.) Gentlemen, the anticipations of those who opposed the repeal of the corn laws have been fully accomplished, whilst the predictions of those who justified that repeal, and the arguments by which they sought to vindicate that repeal, have been falsified by the test of experience. (Hear, hear.) Importations of foreign produce have increased to the full amount that we anticipated they would do under the system of free trade. Prices have fallen to the full amount, and to a greater amount, than we ventured to predict, and for predicting which our apprehensions were ridiculed as exaggerated and absurd. The distress has gone on increasing. That distress is still increasing. That distress is pressing upon every portion of the community;and it is the most lamentable part of this case that I feel convinced—and here I must speak to you frankly and plainly—that the reversal of that policy can only be obtained at the expense of still greater suffering on the part of still more extended interests. (Hear.) Mr Layton has stated that we have been taunted in the House of Commons, and taunted in the House of Lords, with bringing forward no specific measure, and asking for no decision by parliament on the merits of this question. Gentlemen, the taunt proceeds from our political opponents, and the advice implied in the taunt being the advice of an enemy, I must take the liberty of regarding it in that light, and not looking upon it as most likely to forward the objects and to be productive of the results which we desire. (Hear, hear.) Firmly adhering to the principle of protection—going along with the resolutions which have been read by Mr Layton—believing that a return to a system of reasonable import duties is indispensable to the prosperity of this country—not accepting the experiment which has been tried as an accomplished fact—not acquiescing in that policy, and determined to do all in my power to reverse it, I in the House of Lords, and my friends in the House of Commons, must be guided as to the course which is most likely to attain our ends in the several assemblies which we have to address, by our own knowledge of the dispositions of the bodies with which we have to deal. I know there are those who say we are slack, that we are not bringing forward measures, nor asking for the decision of the Houses of Parliament. Take the House of Commons to begin with. If we bring forward a distinct proposition, embodying our own principles, what have we to expect from the present House of Commons? Have we to expect—can we believe that that House of Commons, which has sanctioned the free-trade measures of the Government, will stultify itself by reversing its own decision, and pronouncing against the policy which it has approved? (Hear, hear.) If it will not, and still more, if there be some who, agreeing with us, but doubting the policy of bringing forward the question, would desert our ranks, and if the result of raising the question in the House of Commons would be to show an apparently diminishing minority for us, and an apparently increasing majority against us, I ask what advantage have we gained for our cause within the walls of parliament, and what encouragement have we given to our friends out of doors? (Hear, hear.) You and we have different parts to play. I rejoice to see the energy, I rejoice to see the zeal, I rejoice to see the courage and the perseverance with which the agricultural body of England are exerting themselves, and that throughout the length and breadth of the land, in every corner, in every agricultural district—ay, and in the great towns they are working upon public opinion, and compelling the country to look this question in the face, and to judge of the effects which have resulted from our present course. You ask me for advice. I say, Go on, and God prosper you. (Hear, hear.) Do not tire, do not hesitate, do not falter in your course. Maintain the language of strict loyalty to the Crown and obedience to the laws. Do not listen to rash and intemperate advisers, who would urge you to have recourse to unwise and disloyal threats. But with a spirit of unbroken and unshaken loyalty to the Crown, and with a spirit of unswerving obedience to the laws, combine in a determined resolution by all constitutional means to obtain your rights, and to enforce upon those who now misrepresent you the duty of really representing your sentiments and supporting you in Parliament. (Loud cheering.) It is not in the House of Lords—it is not in the House of Commons—it is in the country at large that your battle must be fought, and your triumph must be achieved. (Hear, hear.) You have the game in your own hands. You may compel your present members—or, at least, you may point out to them the necessary, the lamentable consequences to themselves of persisting in their present courses; and when the time shall come you will have it in your own power, by the return of men who really represent your sentiments, to exercise your constitutional influence over the legislature of the country, and to enforce your just demands in another House of Parliament. (Hear, hear.) If, as I said before, it be unwise in my judgment to bring forward a definite proposition in accordance with our own views, as a party question in the Houseof Commons—I say that, looking at the constitution and character of the House of Lords, it is more unwise still to bring it forward there. Remember that the House of Lords is not like the House of Commons, a fluctuating body, of which one class of representatives may at a general election be replaced by another. The House of Lords is a permanent body, composed for the most part of men advanced in years, exercising their judgment—their independent judgment I will hope, though I won't say I speak confidently (hear, and a laugh)—cautious in coming to a decision, but still more cautious and naturally reluctant to reverse that decision when they have once formed it. At present I lament to say—and there is no use in concealing the fact—we are in a minority in the House of Commons; we are also in a minority in the House of Lords. How then are we to change that minority into a majority? In the House of Commons you have it in your own hands. Through the House of Commons and through the country you may act—not perhaps as speedily or as quickly as you or I might desire; but depend upon it that, when by a general election, or by individual elections as they occur, you have produced an effect upon the judgment and the votes of the House of Commons, the opinion of the country, as represented in the House of Commons, will never be lost upon the House of Lords. (Hear, hear.) The House of Lords, I do not doubt, many of them most unwillingly, gave their assent to the fatal measure which came up recommended by the Commons. I did all in my humble power to prevent their coming to that decision; but I failed in doing so. I should fail still more signally if, the House of Lords having come to that decision, I were to bring forward week after week, or even month after month, specific motions for reversing the decision to which they had so come. (Hear). Men are slow to come forward and confess that they have been mistaken, and, confessing that they have been mistaken, reverse the votes they previously gave; and if I compelled the House of Lords to pronounce a judgment upon the merits of the question month after month, or week after week, every vote given by those—and they are not a few—who have increasing doubts and misgivings, but are not fully convinced as to the mischievous result of the experiment, pledges them anew to the position which they originally took up, and adds to the difficulty of overcoming the present majority. The view which I have taken, and in which I am supported by those of the wisest and soundest judgment with whom I am in the habit of consulting, is not to meet this question by direct motions in the House of Lords for a reversal of this policy, but never to lose an opportunity of showing, if need be, week after week, the progressive effects of the experiment which is now going on. Now, observe, since last year—I will not say since last year, but since the commencement of the present session of Parliament—there has been a material change in the language of the Government. They who a short time ago advocated a reversal of this policy, or even doubted the finality of its adoption, were either scouted as madmen or ridiculed as fanatics. But we now hear the Marquis of Lansdowne, in the House of Lords, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in the House of Commons, speaking of this policy as "an experiment"—as an experiment in course of progress—and no longer as an act that has been decided, and therefore irreversible. They admit, moreover, that prices are low—lower than they expected; and it is admitted also by the Government, not simply that Free Trade has produced low prices, but lower prices than they had ever intended, and they apologise for this effect, which, upon the principles of Free Trade, ought to have been the triumph of their policy. (Hear). Well, then, we have brought them to admit that it is an experiment—we have brought them to admit that this cheapness is not what they intended or desired—we have brought them to apologise for its existence, as an exceptional and temporary state of things, and not attributable to their experiments. And step by step, if it is not the quickest, it is at least the soundest, policy; we shall have first this man and then that man saying, "The experiment has been tried long enough." "I am satisfied that it has not answered the intended purpose." "I think something must be done." "Really mattersare become alarming." And gradually, in that manner, and in that manner only, shall we, in a permanent body like the House of Lords, convert a minority against Free Trade into a majority in favour of our protective principles. (Hear). That is the course which I have felt it to be my duty to pursue during the present session of Parliament. That is the course which—not taking the advice of our opponents—I shall continue to pursue. Constantly we shall bring before them the results of their experiment. I hold in my hand at this moment a paper, which I received only this morning, and which was moved for by my noble friend the Earl of Malmesbury this session, in order to controvert an assertion of the Government, that at present prices the foreigner could not by possibility import, that present prices would not pay for the importation, and that we should therefore see a rapid and great diminution of the imports of foreign corn. That was the language which they held so late as the month of January last. I have heard several persons say that February or March would show an improvement in prices. We waited till February and March were past, and at my suggestion the Earl of Malmesbury moved in April for a return, showing the weekly price of wheat in the British markets, and the quantity of corn imported from abroad during each week in the present year. The result is, that, so far from indicating a falling-off in imports, or a rise in price, this return shows that the prices have fallen from 40s. on the 5th day of January, to 37s. 10d. on the 20th of April; whilst the imports have increased from 36,000 quarters of wheat in the second week of January, to 118,000 quarters of wheat, exclusive of flour, in the week ending the 17th of April. And the total amount of imports, in little more than three months, with an average price of from 37s. to 38s. a quarter, has not been far short of 1,000,000 quarters of corn, converting the flour into quarters at the ordinary rate. By the production of this paper before the House of Lords, we disprove the assertions of those who tell us that we have no reason to be alarmed at the course which the experiment is taking, or that at all events we have not sufficient grounds to call on Parliament to put an end to it. And in this course of practical argument from facts as they occur we mean to persevere. I know that this is a policy which is wearisome in its nature. (Hear, hear). I know that "Hope deferred maketh the heart sick." I know that there must be increasing distress. I know that every month and every week that this fearful experiment is in progress the dangers and the difficulties are increasing. But how, with the present constitution of Parliament—how, with the present constitution of the House of Lords—how, with the present constitution of the House of Commons, with the best desire to serve you, with the most earnest and anxious wish to promote your interests—how can we take any step which shall more rapidly force conviction upon the minds of those whom it is necessary to convince before we can attain our ends? (Hear, hear.) I say again, do not complain of our apathy. Believe that we have no such feeling. Believe that we deeply sympathise with the misfortunes of those with whom we are bound up by so many ties; in whom all our interests—not to say our affections, are centred; and if we appear to be less speedy and energetic in the House of Lords and the House of Commons than you would desire us to appear to be, believe that it is not from indifference—believe that it is from a well-calculated policy, and a deliberate adoption of the course by which alone we may attain the object which you and we desire. (Hear, hear.) If you ask my advice, I say persevere in the course you have adopted. Agitate the country from one end to the other. Continue to call meetings in every direction. Do not fear, do not flinch from discussion. By all means accept the offer of holding a meeting in that magnificent building at Liverpool; and in our greatest commercial towns show that there is a feeling in regard to the result of our so-called Free Trade widely different from that which was anticipated by the Free-traders, and from that which did prevail only a few years ago. (Hear, hear). Your efforts may not be so soon crowned with success as you hope; but depend upon it, let us stand hand to hand firmly together; let the landlord, the tenant, and the labourer—ay, and thecountry shopkeeper—ay, before long, the manufacturer himself, be called on to show and to prove what the effects of this experiment are,—and as sure as we stand together, temperately but firmly determined to assert our rights, so certainly, at the expense, it may be, of intense suffering, and perhaps of ruin to many—of ruin which, God knows, if I could avert I would omit no effort for that purpose—but ultimately, certainly and securely we shall attain our object, and recede from that insane policy which has been pursued during the last few years. (Hear, hear). I have now only to return you my most grateful thanks for the compliment you have paid me in wishing me to receive this deputation. I have heard with the liveliest interest the statements of Mr Layton. If in any part of the country—for now through you I address every district—if there be but one district in which a suspicion is entertained that I am flinching from, or hesitating in my advocacy of, those principles on which I stood in conjunction with my late deeply-lamented friend Lord George Bentinck, I authorise you—one and all of you—to assure those whom you represent, that in me they will find no hesitation, no flinching, and no change of opinion; that, attached as I have ever been to the principle of Protection, that attachment remains unchanged; and I only look for the moment when it may be possible for us to use the memorable words of the Duke of Wellington on the field of Waterloo, and to say, "Up, Guards, and at them!" (Loud cheers.)
Mr PAUL FOSKETT.—My Lord Stanley, I know I speak the universal sentiments of the delegates who have attended our meetings this week, when I say that the address you have just delivered to us has penetrated our heart of hearts, and has made us feel that under your leadership our triumph is secure. (Cheers.) We shall now return to our several homes, and "agitate," "agitate," "agitate," until our object is attained. (Hear, hear.)After a few observations from Mr Newdegate, Mr Box, (of Buckinghamshire,) and Mr Malins, (of Derbyshire,)Mr LAYTON expressed the gratification he experienced at the result of the interview with Lord Stanley. They might all take comfort that they had such a leader and friend; and on the part of the delegation and the tenantry and labourers of the land, he begged to convey to his lordship his unqualified admiration and thanks for the manner in which he had received the deputation, and for the encouragement and hope he had held out to the various suffering interests of the country. (Hear, hear.)Lord STANLEY in taking leave of the deputation, hoped that on their return to their several localities their efforts would be crowned with success. They might depend upon it, that whilst they kept up the pressure from without, if they would authorise him, he would not fail to keep up the pressure within.The deputation then took their leave; and upon re-assembling at the King's Arms,Mr LAYTON briefly reported the reception which had been given to them by Lord Stanley; and amidst the enthusiastic cheering of the audience, the following resolution was unanimously adopted:—"That this meeting cannot separate without recording their grateful acknowledgments to Lord Stanly for the courteous and satisfactory reception he has afforded them this day, and their high gratification at the encouraging approval he has expressed of the steps they are taking; and they beg his lordship will receive the assurance of their perfect confidence in his powerful and talented advocacy of the cause of Protection in the House of Lords."That a copy of this resolution be transmitted to Lord Stanley."It was also resolved,—"That it is the opinion of the delegates now assembled in London, that a meeting in Liverpool, on as early a day as practicable, is highly desirable; and the delegates now present pledge themselves to support such meeting by personal attendance as far as practicable."And that as circumstances may occur, either during the present session of Parliament or after a prorogation, which may render it necessary for the delegates to reassemble in London, this meeting of delegates be at its rising adjourned till again summoned by the committee of the National Association, to which summons they will be ready instantly to respond; and that in such case, this meeting considers that one delegate at least for each district should attend the meeting."After the transaction of some routine business, the meeting separated.
Mr PAUL FOSKETT.—My Lord Stanley, I know I speak the universal sentiments of the delegates who have attended our meetings this week, when I say that the address you have just delivered to us has penetrated our heart of hearts, and has made us feel that under your leadership our triumph is secure. (Cheers.) We shall now return to our several homes, and "agitate," "agitate," "agitate," until our object is attained. (Hear, hear.)
After a few observations from Mr Newdegate, Mr Box, (of Buckinghamshire,) and Mr Malins, (of Derbyshire,)
Mr LAYTON expressed the gratification he experienced at the result of the interview with Lord Stanley. They might all take comfort that they had such a leader and friend; and on the part of the delegation and the tenantry and labourers of the land, he begged to convey to his lordship his unqualified admiration and thanks for the manner in which he had received the deputation, and for the encouragement and hope he had held out to the various suffering interests of the country. (Hear, hear.)
Lord STANLEY in taking leave of the deputation, hoped that on their return to their several localities their efforts would be crowned with success. They might depend upon it, that whilst they kept up the pressure from without, if they would authorise him, he would not fail to keep up the pressure within.
The deputation then took their leave; and upon re-assembling at the King's Arms,
Mr LAYTON briefly reported the reception which had been given to them by Lord Stanley; and amidst the enthusiastic cheering of the audience, the following resolution was unanimously adopted:—
"That this meeting cannot separate without recording their grateful acknowledgments to Lord Stanly for the courteous and satisfactory reception he has afforded them this day, and their high gratification at the encouraging approval he has expressed of the steps they are taking; and they beg his lordship will receive the assurance of their perfect confidence in his powerful and talented advocacy of the cause of Protection in the House of Lords.
"That a copy of this resolution be transmitted to Lord Stanley."
It was also resolved,—
"That it is the opinion of the delegates now assembled in London, that a meeting in Liverpool, on as early a day as practicable, is highly desirable; and the delegates now present pledge themselves to support such meeting by personal attendance as far as practicable.
"And that as circumstances may occur, either during the present session of Parliament or after a prorogation, which may render it necessary for the delegates to reassemble in London, this meeting of delegates be at its rising adjourned till again summoned by the committee of the National Association, to which summons they will be ready instantly to respond; and that in such case, this meeting considers that one delegate at least for each district should attend the meeting."
After the transaction of some routine business, the meeting separated.
Aberdeen, lord, on the Greek constitution, 528.Aberdeen, state of the shipping interest at, 356.Aberdeen Journal, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 34.Aberdeenshire, statistics of farming in, 113.Actress, social position of the,695.Agricultural depreciation, amount of, 615—depression, continued, 382—its influence on commerce, 385—interest, magnitude of the, 241—labourers, state of the, 366—question, not a landlords' one, 382.Agriculture, Commerce, and Manufactures, 347—opening of the session,ib.—prospects of financial reform,ib.—the Royal speech,ib.—speeches on the address, 348—debate in the commons, 349—probable prices in future, 351—failure of free trade prophecies, 353—state of the shipping interest, 355—G. F. Young on it, 359—state of manufactures, 361—value of the home and foreign markets, 363—state of various manufactures, 365—of the agricultural labourers, 366—comparative value of agriculture and manufactures, 368—imports and exports, 1845 and 1849, 370—alleged increase of bullion, and its causes, 372—general conclusions, 373—influence of the depreciation of land on life assurance, 374.Agriculture, British,seeBritish Agriculture—state of, in Greece, 532—and manufactures, comparative values of, 368.Agriculturists, contrast between, and the manufacturers, 132.Agrippa d'Aubigné and Madame de Maintenon, 174.Aikin's Life of Howard, remarks on, 52.Alfieri and Shakspeare, contrast between, 636.Algeria, sketches in, 292.Alison's Political Essays, 605.Allnatt, Mr J. J., at the protection meeting,763.Allston, Washington, 198.America, importation of beef, &c. from, and its prices, 129.American Adventure, 34.Americans, the, in Mexico, 42.Annexation movement in Canada, the, 266.Anton, prophecies of, 566.Appin, state of the cattle trade in, 240.Argyleshire, state of the cattle trade in, 237et seq.Armansperg, count, government of Greece by, 527.Army, state of the, in Greece, 532—treachery of the, in France, 618.Artistic biography, scarcity of true, 192.Asem, Goldsmith's tale of, 299.Athens, sketches at,681.Aubigné, Agrippa d', sketch of the life of, 174.Auchness system of farming, on the, 105, 453.Austria, reaction in, 3—want of moral firmness in the government of, 4—war of races and fidelity of the army in, 7—danger to Europe from its dismemberment, 9.Autobiographies, on, 192.Aytoun, Professor, at the protection meeting,759.Bailey's Festus, review of, 415.Ball, Mr E., at the protection meeting,755.Ballot, abuses of the, in Greece, 536.Barbarian Rambles, 281.Barbour & Co., Trade circular of, 600.Bath, the Turkish, 294.Bath Chronicle, the, on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 37.Beaucarde the singer,698.Beef, importation, &c. of, 128et seq.Belletti the singer,699.Bentinck, lord George, 617.Berthier, sketches of, 574.Berwick Warder, the, on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 40.Beykirch, Th., Prophetic voices by, 561.Birch-tree, battle of the, prophecies of the, 563, 565, 567, 568, 569.Bird the painter, 196.Birmingham, state of manufactures in, 365.Boddington, Mr G., at the protection meeting,766.Booker, T. W., at the protection meeting,749.Boston, state of the shipping interest at, 356.Boston Atlas, the, on Canada, 257.Brandenburg, prophecies regarding, 561.Bricks, proposed abolition of the duty on, 513.Britain's Prosperity, a new song, 389.British Agriculture and Foreign Competition.No. I., 94—Peel on the lowest remunerating price of wheat,ib.—Ducie and Kinnaird on high farming, 95—and Caird, 97, 104—quantities of grain available for importation, 99—prices of grain abroad, 100—expense of freight, &c. 103—the Auchness system of farming, 105—returns from various farmers, of produce, expenses, &c. under protection and free trade, 107et seq.—remarks on these, 119—policy urged by Cobden, &c. 120—The Times on Agricultural prospects, 121—answer to the arguments founded on rise of rents, 122—on Mr W. E. Gladstone's speech at Fettercairn, 124—inconsistencies of the Free-traders, 127, 131—effects of free trade on live stock, 128—and on the provision trade, 129—one-sidedness of recent legislation, 130—contrast between the manufacturers and agriculturists, 132—concluding remarks, 135.No. II. Reply to the Times on former article, 222—letter from Mr Watson in answer to it,ib.et seq.—reply to the Morning Chronicle, 225—comparative rates of rent in England and Scotland, 226—inability of high farming to contend against free trade, 227—increase of cultivation on the Continent, 228—probable future prices, 229—Continental prices, &c. 230—importations from Moldavia, 231—on professor Low's Appeal, 232—cost of raising wheat, &c. in the United States,ib.—Peel's letter to his tenantry, 233—reply to it, 235—effects of free trade on live stock, 237—increased burden of taxation, 241—present tactics of the Free-traders, 242—Lord Drumlanrig's letter, 243—state of the cotton manufactures, 247—The newspaper press on No. I. Appendix.Britannia, the, on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 17.Broad, W., letter from, on farming statistics, 111.Brown, Peter, letter from, on farming statistics, 112.Brown's life of Howard, on, 52.Buckland, Dr, on Agriculture, &c. 95.Budget, the, 513.Bullion, alleged increase of, and its causes, 372.Burke, eulogy on Howard by, 63—and Goldsmith, anecdote of, 142.Burn, Mr, statistics, &c. of the cotton trade by, 595.Burn's Highland Mary, to, 309.Cadiz, Urquhart's account of, 282.Caernarvon, state of the shipping interest at, 356.Caird's High farming, on, 97, 104.Caird's High Farming Harrowed, 447.Caldecott, Mr W., at the protection meeting,765.California, sketches in, 35—conduct of the United States toward, 263.Calzolari the singer,698.Camel, the,683.Canadas, Civil Revolution in the, 249—geographical sketch, &c. of the, 259.Canadian loyalty, an ode, 345.Canning, sir Stratford, sent to Greece, 531.Carlyle's Latter-Day Pamphlets, review of,641.Cash and Pedigree, 431.Cassio, on the character of, 483.Cato the Censor, Caird's High farming harrowed by, 447.Cattle, importations, &c. of, 128—effects of free trade on the rearing of, 237.Cervi, the island of, case regarding, 538.Charles Albert, the final overthrow of, 3.Chartists, overthrow of the, 3.Cheltenham Chronicle, the, on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 79.Chester Courant, the, on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 35.Cheyne, Mr, on the cattle trade in Argyle, 239.Chouler, Mr W., at the protection meeting,752.Christopher under Canvass, No. VI., 481—No. VII., 622.Citizen of the World, publication of the, 149—notices of the, 296, 298, 306.Civil Revolution in the Canadas, 249.Clearing of the Glens, the, 475.Cobbett, anticipation of, as to the effects of free trade, 519.Cobden, inconsistencies of, 131—on the effects of free trade, 353.Coblenz, prophecy regarding, 567.Cocoa, diminished consumption of, 385.Coffee, diminished consumption of, 386.Coleridge, S. T., on the character of Iago, 482—on Othello, 484—criticism on, 623, 624.Coletti, Greek minister, 527, 530.Collins, William, R.A., Memoirof, 192.Cologne cathedral and city, prophecies regarding, 564, 567.Colonial government, new system of, announced by ministers, 377.Colonial policy, Carlyle on,655.Colonies, recent legislation toward the, and its effects, 249—general discontent in, 380.Commerce, reaction of Agricultural distress on, 385—depressed state of, as shown by the trade circulars, 589et seq.Commons, speeches in, on the address, 349.Conservatives, conduct of the, in regard to the Reform Bill, 608.Constantinople, a Month at,679.Constitutionalism, failure of, in Greece, 534.Cork, state of the shipping interest at, 356.Corn Laws, their repeal foreseen by Mr Alison, 609—his anticipations as to its effects, 610.Cotton trade and manufactures, statistics relating to the, 247, 361, 385, 590, 595, 597.Court Martial, a late case of, 269.Cultivation, state of, in Greece, 532, 533.Currency bill, effects of the, 520.Currency system, Alison on the effects of the changes in, 614.Δ.The Dark Waggon, by, 71.Daily News, the, on Canada, 253.Dantzic, prices of wheat at, 231, 232.Dark Waggon, the, by Δ., 71.Day, Mr, exposure of Cobden by, 131.Denmark, price of wheat in, 102.Derby Mercury, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 30.Deserted village, notices of the, 298, 304.Dies Boreales, No. VI., 481—on the character of Iago,ib.—on Othello, 483—on the question as to his being a negro, 485—opposite characteristics shown in him, 486—majesty of his character, 487—impression left by the tragedy, 488—the time of the tragedy, 489et seq.—proof of short time,ib.—of long, 498—attempt to show mixed, 506—No. VII., 622—errors of poets in delineating nature, 623et seq.—Othello continued, 626—on the Greek tragedy, 636.Direct taxes, amount of, repealed since the peace, 517.Dixon's life of Howard, review of, 50.Dogs of Constantinople, the,684.Doncaster Chronicle, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 40.Dorset County Chronicle, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 84.Doubleday, Mr, anticipations of, as to the effects of free trade, 245.Douglas, captain, the case of, 269.Drama, causes of the decline of the,689.Drogheda, state of the shipping interest at, 357.Drumlanrig, lord, letter to his tenantry by, 243.Dublin Mail, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 29.Dublin Press, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 28.Duclos, anecdotes of Louis XIV. by, 188, 190.Dudgeon, Mr, statistics of farming produce, expenses, &c., by, 108—letter from, to the editor of the Kelso Chronicle, Appendix, 104.Dumfries Herald, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 51.Dumas' Le Veloce, review of, 281.Dundee, statistics of the provision trade from, 129.Dundee Courier, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 51, 53—letter to, by Justitia, Appendix, 93.Dwarf and the Oak tree, the, 411.Eastlake, Mr, and the National Gallery, 205.Economist, the, on the Cotton manufacture, 247—on the state of the cotton trade, 362—on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 88, 89, 99, 109—answer of Mr Watson to it, 103—and of the editor, 118.Edinburgh Advertiser on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 25.Edinburgh Evening Courant on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 66.Edinburgh Evening Post on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 24.Edinburghshire, statistics of farming, &c. in, 116, 117.Eddowes' Worcester Journal on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 79.Eglinton, the Earl of, at the protection meeting,768.Election, system of, in Greece, 535.Emancipation, Carlyle on,655.Emigration, increase of, from the Highlands and Islands, 239, 240—statistics &c. of, from Liverpool, 592.Emilia, on the character of, 504.England, rates of rent &c. in, compared with Scotland, 226—statistics of cotton spinning, &c. in, 595et seq.Essex, the earl of, speech of, on the address, 348.Europe, general reaction against revolution in, 2et seq.—increase of grain cultivation in, 228.Exeter Gazette, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 85.Exports, 1845 and 1849, comparison of, 370—the alleged increase in, examination of it, 383.Farewell to Naples, a, 279.Farming, statistics of, under protection and free trade, 107et seq.Faust, observations on the, 415.Felix Farley's Bristol Journal, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 44.Festus, 415.Fezensac, M. de, his journal of the Russian campaign reviewed, 573.Fiars, the Scotch, 382.Fig packing at Smyrna,683.Finances, the French, effects of the Revolution on, 12.Financial reform, prospects of, 347.Ford's Spain, remarks on, 281.Forster's life of Goldsmith, remarks on, 139, 140.Fothergill, C., sketches of the Canadas by, 259.France, reaction in, 2, 3—variety of interests assailed in, by the Revolution, 11—effects of it on the finances of, 12—prophecy regarding, 563, 564.See also French.Free trade finance, 513.Free trade, influence of the system of, on Canada, 252—its effects in diminishing the number of Irish voters, 380—Sir William Napier on, 386—its effects on taxes and their amount, 519—reaction against it in Liverpool, 593—its manifested effects, and present language of its supporters, 611—losses caused to all parties by, 612.Free-traders, present tactics of the, 242—their indifference to the national glory, 250—their diminished confidence, 603.Freights, rates of, 359—of corn, cost of, 103—coasting and foreign, comparison between, 604.French revolution, the first, influence of the memory of, 5—revolutions, Alison on, 617—satirical novels, on, 431.Fundholders, danger to the, 384.Galatz, prices of wheat at, 231.Gentleman's Magazine, life of Howard in the, 60.German popular prophecies, 560.Gibraltar, Dumas' account of, 286.Gibson, John, statistics of farming by, 117, 118—reply to the Scotsman by, Appendix, 65.Gladstone, Mr Ewart, speech of, at Fettercairn, 124.Glasgow, distress in, 1848, 13 note.Glasgow Constitutional, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 34.Glass trade, state of the, 365.Gloucester Chronicle, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 37.Goethe's Faust, observations on, 415.Gold region of California, the, 44.Goldsmith, Part I., biography, 137—Part II., works, 296.Görres, Joseph von, prophecies of, 562.Grain, present importation of, 99—prices of, abroad, 100et seq.—prospects as regards its future prices, 229—importations of, 1845 and 1849, 370.Great Britain, reaction in, 3—fidelity of the troops in, 6—suppression of the threatened convulsions in, 14—survey of her conduct toward Canada, 264—her conduct toward Greece, 526.Greece again, 526.Greek constitution of 1848, the, 528—senate, 536.Greek drama, contrast between, and Shakspeare's, 636.Green Hand, the, Part VII., 76—Part VIII., 208—Part IX., 329—Part X.,701.Greenock Advertiser, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 50.Gregory, professor, account of German popular prophecies by, 560.Haddington, prices of wheat at, 382.Haig, James, statistics of farming produce by, 113.Hamburg beef, importation &c. of, 129.Hamlet, remarks on, 634, 635.Harvest of 1849, the, 229.Hay, W., letter from, on farming statistics, 114.Hayes, Miss Catherine,698.Haynau, the cruelties of, in Hungary, 11.Henry IV., sketches of, 177et seq.,passim.Herrmann, the prophecies of, 561.Hertford County Press, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 47.Higgins, Mr H., at the protection meeting,766.High farming, inability of, to contend against free trade, 227.Highlands, effects of free trade on the cattle trade of the, 237.Hollingshed & Co., trade circular of, 598.Holt, George, & Co., trade circular of, 590.Home and foreign consumption of cotton, comparison between, 596—markets, relative value of, 363.Hood, David, letter from, on farming produce, &c., 112.Howard,50.Howden, Andrew, letter from, on farming statistics, 111.Huguenots, sketches of the, 175.Hungarian Joseph,the,658.Hungary, the subjugation of, 3—the struggle in, 8—its true character, 9—the severities in, 10.Hutchison, John, letter from, on farming statistics, 112.Iago, on the character of, 482.Ibraila, prices of wheat at, 231, 232.Imports, 1845 and 1849, comparison between, 370—increase of, 385—diminished consumption of, 589.Indian corn, culture of, in Canada, 261.Indians, massacres of the, by the Americans, 35.Indirect taxes, amount of, repealed since the peace, 517.Insolvency, effect of, in inducing the reaction, 12.Insurance, on, and its relations to the Agricultural question, 374.Interests, variety of, in France, endangered by the Revolution, 11.Inverness Courier, the, on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 80.Ionian republic, claim advanced to Cervi, &c., by, 538.Ireland, suppression of the rebellion in, 3, 14—extinction of voters in, by free trade, 380et seq.—state of, 384.Irish, immigration of the, into Scotland, 367.Irish Reform bill, the new, 377et seq.Irving's Life of Goldsmith, review of, 137.Italian Opera, the,688.Italy, re-establishment of Austrian domination in, 3—rapid suppression of the revolution in, 13.Jackson, Mr, on the Agricultural question, 242.Jaspers, the prophecies of, 562.John Bull, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 9.Johnson's Sights in the Gold regions, review of, 34.Justitia, letter to Dundee Courier by, Appendix, 93.Kappelmann, prophecies of, 569.Kelso Chronicle, letter from Mr Dudgeon to, Appendix, 104.Kelso Mail, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 85.Kinnaird, lord, on high farming, &c., 96.Krasnoi, the battle of, 577.Lablache the singer,699.Labouchere, Mr, on the state of the shipping interest, 355—answer of G. F. Young to, 360.Lansdowne, lord, speech of, on the Address, 349.Late Case of Court Martial, a, 269.Latter-day Pamphlets,641.Layton, Mr, Presentation of Address to Lord Stanley by,777.Lear, remarks on, 634.Leeds Intelligencer, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 27.Lehnin, the prophecy of, 561.Leicester Journal, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 86.Leperos of Mexico, the, 41.Liberals, general policy of the, 378—their conduct with reference to the Reform Bill, 608.Liberalism, Carlyle's denunciations of,643.Life Insurance, on, as affected by free trade, 374.Lindsay & Co., tables of freights by, 359.Littledale & Co., state of the cotton trade reported by, 385—tenor of the circulars of, 589.Live Stock, effects of free trade on, 128, 237—comparison between importation of, 1845 and 1849, 370.Liverpool, importation of beef &c., into, 129—state of the shipping interest at, 357—state of trade at, 589—prices current in, 591—statistics of emigration from, 592.Liverpool Standard, the, on the Cotton trade, 361—on British competition, &c., Appendix, 69.Lochfine, effects of free trade on cattle rearing in district of, 237.Lombardy, re-establishment of Austrian domination in, 3.London, the great Protection Meeting in,738—importation of grain into, 127—present rate of its increase, 514.Londos, M., Greek minister, 530.Louis XIV., marriage of, to Madame Maintenon, &c., 186et seq.Louis Philippe, pusillanimity of, 4—his overthrow, 619.Louvois, anecdote of, 180 note.Low's Appeal, remarks on, 232.Lyceum Theatre, the,690.Lyons, sir E., in Greece, 526.M'Combe, William, letter from, on farming statistics, 112.M'Culloch, on the cotton manufacture, &c., 595.M'Culloch's system of farming, on, 105.Mackay, Mr, on the cost of wheat in the United States, 232.M'Millan, J., on the cattle trade in Appin, 240.M'Nair & Co., the trade circulars of, 598.Madame Sontag and the Opera,688.Magyars, the, 8.Maintenon, madame de, career of, 181.Malibran, anecdotes of,694.Manchester, state of the cotton manufactures in, 361—its depressed state, 383.Manchester Courier, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 26.Manners, lord John, at the protection meeting,768.Manufactures, protection still enjoyed by, 130—list of articles still protected, 225—state of, 361—depression under which labouring, 383—experienced effects of free trade on, 612, 613.Manufacturers, contrast between, and the Agriculturists, 132.Manufacturing districts, depressed state of the, 590.Mark Lane Express, the, on the probable price of wheat, 351—on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 39.Maryport, state of the shipping interest at, 357.Maurice, Mr, on the condition of the Agricultural labourers, 366.Mercantile class in Greece, the, 533.Methuen, lord, speech of, on the Address, 348.Mexico, sketches in, 37.Michael Angelo, Wilkie on, 201.Military, general loyalty of the, in 1848, 5.Ministerial measures, the, 377—the Irish Reform bill, 378—new colonial measures, 379—general discontent in the colonies, 380—extinction of voters in Ireland,ib.—continued depression of Agriculture, 382—alleged increase of exports, 383—danger to the moneyed interest, 384—influence of Agricultural distress on commerce, 385—Sir William Napier on free trade, 386.Ministry, subjection of the, to mob domination, 513.Modern Argonauts, the, 539.Moldavia, wheat-growing capabilities of, 231.Moneyed interest, present danger to the, 384—its influence, 522.Monmouth Beacon, the, on "British Agriculture," &c., Appendix, 57.Monro, Mr, his answer to Caird's High Farming, 104.Month at Constantinople, a,679.Montreal, loyalty of, during the Rebellion, 251—contrast in 1848, 252.Moore, W., letter from, on the state of the shipping interest, 358.Morland the painter, notices of, 194, 195.Morning Chronicle, reply to the, 225—on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 10—Letter from W. to it, and reply, Appendix, 13.Morning Herald, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 3—reply to the Times on it, Appendix, 14.Mortgages, lord Drumlanrig on, 244.Moscow, the burning of, 575.Municipal government, system of, in Greece, 535—institutions, necessity for, there, 531.Münster, prophecy regarding, 567.My Peninsular Medal, Part III. chap. vii. 15—chap. viii. 22—chap. ix. 26—Part IV. chap. x. 313—chap. xi. 318—Part V. chap. xii. 393—chap. xiii. 401—chap. xiv. 405—Part VI. chap. xv. 542—chap. xvi. 547—Part VII. chap. xvii.661—chap. xviii.673.Myers, T. M., Liverpool Prices current from, 591.Napier, admiral sir Charles, on free trade &c., 387.Napier, sir William, on free trade, 386—letter from, 640.Naples, a farewell to, 279—reaction in, 3.Napoleon in Russia, sketches of, 574.National debt, recent additions, &c. to the, 513—amount of, paid off by the sinking-fund, 516et seq.National Gallery, on the, 205.Navigation laws, effects of the repeal of, 355.Negro emancipation, Carlyle on,654.Newcastle Courant, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 43.Newcastle Journal, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 54.Ney, sketches of, during the Moscow retreat, 576et seq.Ninon de l'Enclos, sketches of, 184.Nisbet, Mr, letter from, on farming statistics, 111.Noailles, the duc de, his Memoirs of Madame de Maintenon reviewed, 174.North British Agriculturist, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 39.North of Scotland Gazette, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 76.Nottingham Guardian, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 47.Oats, fiars price of, 382.Opera, the,688.Orleans dynasty, pusillanimity of the, 4.Orleans, the duchess d', heroism of, 4.Osnabruck, prophecy regarding, 567.Othello, the character and tragedy of, its time, &c., 483, 626.Otho, King of Greece, sketch of government, &c., of, 526.Ovid's Spring-timetranslated, 621.Palace Theatricals,722.Palmerston, lord, policy of, toward Greece, 526, 529et seq.Paris, distress in, after the Revolution, 13 note.Parkman's California, review of, 34.Pauperism, Carlyle on,643.Peasantry, the Greek, state, &c. of, 532.Peel, sir R., remunerative price for wheat fixed by, 94—his letter to his tenantry, on, 233—his conduct with regard to free trade, 617.Peers, house of, speeches in, on the address, 348.Penitent Free-trader, the, 585.Penny postage, sacrifice of revenue by the, 523.Periodical essays, on the republication of, 605.Perth Courier, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 31, 83.Phanariotes, character, &c. of the, 532.Phillips, J., letter from, on the state of the operatives, 366.Piscatory, Mr, French minister in Greece, 526.Pius IX., weakness of, 4.Plague, Howard's exertions regarding the, 67.Plymouth, state of the shipping interest at, 357.Poetry, The Dark Waggon, 71—A Farewell to Naples, 279—To Burns' Highland Mary, 309—Canadian Loyalty, 345—Britain's Prosperity, 389—The Dwarf and the Oak tree, 411—The Clearing of the Glens, 475—The Modern Argonauts, 539—The Penitent Free-trader, 585—Ovid's Spring-time, 621—the Hungarian Joseph,658—the Quaker's Lament,733.Poland, prices of wheat in, 101.Political Essays, republication of, 605.Political Novels, modern French, 431.Poor-rates, alleged diminution of, 383.Pork, American, importation, &c. of, 129.Portrait painting, the English school of, 203.Post-office, statistics of, under the penny postage system, 523.Pottgiesser, prophecy of, 564.Poussin, Gaspar, 202.Price, Dr, connection of, with Howard, 56.Primates, the Greek, 532.Prinny, a dog, anecdote of, 206.Prisons, Howard's exertions in connection with, 63et seq.Property, necessity of security of, 1—destruction of, through recent legislation, 522.Prophecies, German popular, 560.Proprietors, character, state, &c., of, in Greece, 532.Protection meeting, the Great, in London,733.Protective system, past benefits of the, to Canada, 255.Provision trade, influence of free trade on, 129.Provisions, importations of, 1845 and 1849, 370.Prussia, reaction in, 3—want of moral courage in the government of, 4—fidelity of the troops in, 6—prophecies regarding, 561et seq.Quaker's Lament, the,733.Railways, depreciation of, 383—causes of their depressed state, 613—German prophecies regarding, 563, 565.Reaction, the year of, 1.Reeves, Sims, the singer,699.Reform Bill, extinction of the Sinking fund by the, 517—Alison's essay on the, 607.Rembrandt, Wilkie on, 202.Rent, rates of, in England and Scotland, 226.Rents, alleged rise of, and its causes, 122.Representation, proposed colonial system of, 379.Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the, 187.Revolution, philanthropic pretexts under which begun, 2—causes of the success of, 4—causes of the reaction against the, 5et seq.—the first French, influence of the remembrance of it, 5—that of 1848, Alison on, 619.Reybaud, Louis, the political novels of, 431.Richmond, the duke of, speeches of, at the protection meeting,748,769.Rigden, Mr W., at the protection meeting,766.Roberton, James, statistics of farming produce, &c., by, 114.Rolink, prophecies of, 569.Rome, reaction at, 3.Rossi, the countess, career of,690.Rossini, anecdotes of,688note.Roubiliac the sculptor, anecdote of, 143.Roxburgh, returns of farming produce, &c., in, 108.Roy, J. L., letter from, on farming statistics, 111.Royal Academy, on the, 206.Royal speech, the, 347.Runcorn, state of the shipping interest at, 358.Russell, lord John, on the Agricultural question, 352, 353—presentation of the protectionist memorial to,770et seq.Russia, effects of the intervention of, in Hungary, 9.Russian Campaign, history of a regiment during the, 573.Rusticus, letter from, to the Courant, Appendix, 66.Ruxton, William, letter from, on farming statistics, 112.Sacramento, battle of, 39.Sacs et Parchemins, 439.Sadler, Thomas, letter from, on farming statistics, 111—statement of these by him, 116.Sandars, Mr, on the price of wheat abroad, 102—his pamphlet on the Agricultural question, 374.Sandeau's Sacs et Parchemins, 431.Sapienza, the island of, the case regarding, 538.Scarron, marriage of madame de Maintenon to, 182.Scotland, statistics of farming in, 107et seq.—rates of rent in, 226—effects of free trade on the cattle trade of, 237—state of the agricultural interest in, 367—present prices of grain in, 382—increase of poor rates in, 384.Scotsman, the, on the "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 57—letter of Mr Gibson to, Appendix, 65.Scott, sir Walter, anecdote of, 207—errors of, in describing nature, 624.Sebastian del Piombo, Collins on, 203.Segur's account of the Moscow campaign, on, 573.Shakspeare's Othello, see Othello.Sheep, effects of free trade on the rearing of, 238.Sherborne Journal, the, on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 38.Shipping Gazette, the, on the state of the shipping interest, 355.Shipping interest, state of the, 355et seq.Shrewsbury Journal, the, on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 34.Sidi Ibrahim, combat of, 292.Siege of Dunbeg, the, 153.Simpson, Robert, letter from, on farming statistics, 112.Sinking fund, table showing the operation of the, 516et seq.Slave market at Constantinople, the,685.Smith, Adam, on colonial policy, 263.Smith, Sidney, anecdote of, 196.Smith's Month at Constantinople, review of,679.Smolensko, the French at, during the Moscow retreat, 577.Smyrna, sketches of,682.Socialism, interests assailed by, in France, 11.Sontag, Madame, and the Opera,688.Spackman, estimate by, of the value of Agriculture and Manufactures, 368.Spain, Urquhart's sketches in, 282.Spectator, the, on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 20.Spielbahn, prophecies of, 564.Staffordshire Agriculturist, letter of a, 235.Stamps, proposed reduction of duties on, 513.Standard, the, on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 67.Standard of Freedom, the, on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 73.Stanley, lord, presentation of protectionist memorial to,777et seq.State of the nation, pamphlet on the, 246.Stephens, Mr, on Caird on high farming, 104.Stewart, J. F., on the cotton crop of 1849, 601.Strathmore, statistics of farming produce in, 107.Sudolf, prophecies of, 569.Suffrage, extended, the great remedy of the Liberals, 378.Sugar, &c., diminished consumption of, 386.Sunderland, state of shipbuilding, &c., at, 358.Tangiers, sketches by Dumas in, 285.Taxation, increased burden of, under free trade, 241.Taxes, amount of, repealed, &c., since the peace, 517.Taylor's life of Howard, on, 53.Tea, comparative consumption of, 1845 and 1849, 371—diminished consumption of, 386.Tenor of the trade circulars, the, 589.Thomson, John, letter from, on farming statistics, 111.Thouvenel, M., French minister in Greece, 530.Time, Shakspeare's treatment of, 481et seq., 622et seq.Times, the, on the prospects of the Agricultural interest, 121—reply and letter from Mr Watson to, 222—tactics of the, on the Agricultural question, 242—on "British Agriculture, &c." Appendix, 6—John Bull in answer to it, Appendix, 9—Morning Herald, Appendix, 14—and Britannia, Appendix, 17.Tintoretto's Crucifixion, on, 202.Titian, Collins on, 200.Tooke, Mr, on the expected importation of grain, 99.Towns, present state of the, 612—state of the, in Greece, 532.Trade circulars, tenor of the, 589.Traveller, Goldsmith's, 301.Turkey, the attack by Russia and Austria on, 10.Turkish bath, the, 294.United States, cost of raising wheat in the, 232—present internal policy of the, 250—comparison between, and Canada, 253et seq.—state of the cotton crop, &c., in, 601.Universal suffrage, evils of, in Greece, 535.Urquhart's Pillars of Hercules, review of, 281.Vandervelde the painter, 202.Vasari's Life of Angelico, on, 192.Vicar of Wakefield, the, 297, 307.Villiers, Mr, speech of, on the Address, 349, 353—on the shipping interest, 355.Voters, diminution in number of, in Ireland, 380.W., letter from, to the Morning Chronicle, and answer, Appendix, 13.W. E. A., translation of Ovid's Springtime by, 621.Wakefield Journal, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 49.Wallachia, wheat-growing capabilities of, 231.Walmsley, sir Joshua, 347,658.Warren, S., review of his letter on the case of Captain Douglas, 269.Watson, Mr, statement of farming produce by, 107—reply of, to the Times, 222—and to the Economist, Appendix, 103—at the protection meeting,765.West of England Conservative, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 53.Westphalia, prophecies regarding, 563.Wheat, culture of, in Canada, 261—Peel on the lowest remunerative price of, 352—fiars, prices of, 382—freights of, from various quarters, 604.Wilkie, sir David, correspondence of, with Collins, 199.William, Mr J. A., at the protection meeting,757.Wilson, James, on the lowest remunerative price of wheat, 352, 353, 364et seq., 366. See also Economist.Wilson, sir Robert, Dumas' account of, 286.Wilts Standard, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 35.Wise's Los Gringos, review of, 34.Wood, sir Charles, speech of, on the Address, 350—on the state of the shipping interest, 355—speech of, on the finances, 514.Worcester Journal, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 78.Wyse, Mr, British minister in Greece, 530.Year of Reaction, the, 1.York Gazette, the, on "British Agriculture, &c.," Appendix, 71.Young, G. F., on the shipping interest, 360—at the presentation of the protectionist memorial,770et seq.Youth of Elsen, prophecies of the, 566.