FOOTNOTES.[39]"Not that I think there was more rain in theearlier part of summerthan the potato crop could absorb, for it is known to require a large supply of moisture in its growing state, in order to acquire a full development of all its parts. It was observable, however, that the rain increased as the season advanced, and after the potato plant had reached its full development. It is, therefore, probable that the increased moisture, which was not then wanted by the plant, would become excessive; and this moisture, along with the low temperature, may have produced such chemical change in the sap as to facilitate the putrefaction of the entire plant. As to the theories with respect to the presence of a fungus, or of insects, in the plant, I consider these as a mere exponent of the tendency to a state of putrefaction; such being the usual accompaniments of all vegetable and animal decay."[40]"I remember the wet seasons of 1816 and 1817. There was then no rot in the potato; but, during the whole of those rainy seasons, we had not thecontinued coldweather which we have this year experienced."
[39]"Not that I think there was more rain in theearlier part of summerthan the potato crop could absorb, for it is known to require a large supply of moisture in its growing state, in order to acquire a full development of all its parts. It was observable, however, that the rain increased as the season advanced, and after the potato plant had reached its full development. It is, therefore, probable that the increased moisture, which was not then wanted by the plant, would become excessive; and this moisture, along with the low temperature, may have produced such chemical change in the sap as to facilitate the putrefaction of the entire plant. As to the theories with respect to the presence of a fungus, or of insects, in the plant, I consider these as a mere exponent of the tendency to a state of putrefaction; such being the usual accompaniments of all vegetable and animal decay."
[39]"Not that I think there was more rain in theearlier part of summerthan the potato crop could absorb, for it is known to require a large supply of moisture in its growing state, in order to acquire a full development of all its parts. It was observable, however, that the rain increased as the season advanced, and after the potato plant had reached its full development. It is, therefore, probable that the increased moisture, which was not then wanted by the plant, would become excessive; and this moisture, along with the low temperature, may have produced such chemical change in the sap as to facilitate the putrefaction of the entire plant. As to the theories with respect to the presence of a fungus, or of insects, in the plant, I consider these as a mere exponent of the tendency to a state of putrefaction; such being the usual accompaniments of all vegetable and animal decay."
[40]"I remember the wet seasons of 1816 and 1817. There was then no rot in the potato; but, during the whole of those rainy seasons, we had not thecontinued coldweather which we have this year experienced."
[40]"I remember the wet seasons of 1816 and 1817. There was then no rot in the potato; but, during the whole of those rainy seasons, we had not thecontinued coldweather which we have this year experienced."
Account of a Visit to the Volcano of Kirauea, in the Island of Owhyhee, 591.Agriculture round Lucca, 619.Alas, for her! from the Russian of Púshkin, 141.Alpine scenery, sketches of,704.American war, causes which fostered the,721.Andes, description of the, 555.André Chenier, from the Russian of Púshkin, 154.Anti-corn-law League, strictures on the,780.Apparitions, &c., letter to Eusebius on,735.Armfelt, Count, 59.Arndt, notices of, 332, 333.Art, causes of the absence of taste for, 414.Avernus, lake, 489.Bacon, political essays of, 389.Baiæ, 488.Barclay de Tolly, from the Russian of Púshkin, 40.Baron von Stein, 328.Barri, Madame du,730,733.Bazars of Constantinople, the,688.Beaumont, Sir George, 258, 262.Bell's Messenger, extract from, on the prices of grain,779.Betterton's version of Chaucer, remarks on, 114.Bettina, sketch of the life, &c., of, 357.Biographical sketch of Frank Abney Hastings, 496.Black Shawl, the, from Púshkin, 37.Blanc, Mont, on the scenery of,707.Blenheim, battle of, 18.Boas, Edward, sketches of Sweden, &c. by, 56.Bossuet's Universal History, characteristics of, 390.Bottetort, Lord, anecdote of,724.Bowles, W. L., on the Dunciad, 251.Boyhood, a reminiscence of, by Delta, 408.Brabant, conquest of, by Marlborough,665.Bread, causes of the present dearness of,772.Bremer, Miss, the Swedish novelist, 62.Brentford election, the,725.Brienz, scenery of the lake of,705.British critics, North's specimens of the,—No. VI.—Supplement to Dryden on Chaucer, 114.—No. VI.—MacFlecnoe and the Dunciad, 229.—No. VIII.—Supplement to the same, 366.Bulwer's Last of the Barons, remarks on, 350, 353.Burtin on Pictures, review of, 413.Capital punishment, on, 131.Carlist war, sketches of the, 210.Caserta, palace of, 491—silk manufactory, 492.Caucasus, the, from the Russian of Púshkin, 34.Celibacy of the clergy, effects of the, in France, 187.Chamouni, valley of,707.Chatham, Lord,717.Chaucer, Dryden on, 114.Chimborazo, ascent of, by Humboldt, 547.Choiseul, the Duc de,730,732.Churchill, critique on, 372.Churchill, see Marlborough.Clairvoyance, remarks on,736.Clarke, Dr, extracts from, 555.Clarke's Life of James II., notice of, 4.Cloud, the, and the Mountain, a reminiscence of Switzerland,704.Clytha house, &c., 477.Col de Balme, pass of the,707.Colebrook, Sir George, extracts from the memoirs of,716,719.Colour in painting, remarks on, 419.Confessions of an English opium-eater, sequel to the, Part II., 43.Constable the painter, sketch of the life, &c., of, 257.Constantinople, Three Years in,688.Convicts at Norfolk Island, management, &c. of, 138.Cooper, characteristics of, as a novelist, 355.Copenhagen, description of, 68.Corali, by J. D., 495.Corn-laws, proposed suspension of the,773.—effects of the abolition of, 780.Cornwallis, Earl, administration of Ireland by,731.Corporations of Constantinople, the,696.Corsica, conquest of, by the French,728.Coventry, Lady,726.Coxe's Life of Marlborough, notice of, 3.Dalarna or Dalecarlia, sketches of, 64.D'Alembert, character of Montesquieu by, 395.Dalin, Olof von, 62.Danes, national character of the, 69.David the Telynwr; or, the Daughter's trial—a tale of Wales, by Joseph Downs, 96.Days of the Fronde, the, 596.Dearness of bread, causes of the present,772.De Burtin on pictures, 413.Delta, a reminiscence of boyhood by, 408.Dendermonde, capture of, by Marlborough,668.Despatches of the Duke of Marlborough, review of, No. I. 1.—No. II.649.Domestic manners of the Turks, the,688.Downes, Joseph—David the Telynwr, a tale of Wales, by, 96.Drama, state of the, 178.Dreams, &c., letter to Eusebius on,735.Drinking, prevalence of, in the 19th century,726.Dryden on Chaucer, 114.—his MacFlecnoe, 232, 366.Dumas' Margaret of Valois, extracts from, 312.—extracts from his Days of the Fronde, 596.Dunciad, the, critique on, 234, 366.Dunning the solicitor-general, character of,722.Dutch school of painting, the, 426.Dutem's life of Marlborough, notice of, 3.Echo, from the Russian of Púshkin, 145.Education, state of, in Turkey,692.—remarks on the system of, at the English Universities, 542.Edward, Duke of York, character of,719.Egyptian market at Constantinople, the,700.English landscape painting, on, 257.English Opium-eater, a sequel to the confessions of the, Part II. 43.Epitaphs in Wales, 484.Esprit des Lois of Montesquieu, the, 392.—its characteristics, 397.Eugene, Prince, 14,669.Eusebius, letter to, on omens, dreams, appearances, &c.,735.Failure of the potato crop, extent, &c. of the,775.Feast of Peter the First, the, from Púshkin, 142.Fersen, Count, murder of, 61.Few passages concerning omens, dreams, appearances, &c., in a letter to Eusebius,735.Few words for Bettina, a, 357.Fisher, Archdeacon, 260.Flemish school of painting, the, 426.Flour, on the rising price of,779.Flygare, Emily, the Swedish novelist, 62.France under Louis XIV., 12—prevalent feeling in, towards England,781.French school of painting, the, 427.—Noblesse, character of the,733.Garden of the Villa Reale, the, 486.General, the, from the Russian of Púshkin, 41.German school of painting, the, 427.Gleig's life of Marlborough, notice of, 4.Glenmutchkin railway, the—How we got it up, and how we got out of it, 453.Gloucester the Duke of, character of,719.Goethe and Bettina, the correspondence of, 358.Goethe's Torquato Tasso, translations from, 87.Gotha canal, the, 68.Grafton, the Duke of, Walpole's character of,718.Grain crop, quantity, &c., of the, in Scotland,769.—and its quality,770.Grandeur et décadence des Romains, Montesquieu's, characteristics, &c. of, 391, 401.Grand general junction and indefinite extension railway rhapsody, 614.Greek Revolution, sketches of the, 496.Griesbach, fall of the,707.Guamos of South America, the, 554.Guilds of Constantinople, the,696.Gunning, the Misses,726.Gustavus Vasa, notices of, 66.Hahn-Hahn, the Countess, 71.Hakem the slave, a tale extracted from the history of Poland.—Chapter I., 560.—Chap. II., 561.—Chap. III., 563.—Chap. IV., 565.—Chap. V., 567.Hamilton, the Duchess of,726.Handel, character of the music of, 573.Harvest, the Scottish,769.—quantity of the grain crop, ib.—and its quality,770.—cause of the inferiority of the wheat,771.—and of the dearness of bread,772.—state of the potato crop,775.—potatoes for seed,778.—rising price of wheat and flour,780.—affords no argument for abolition of the corn-laws,781.Hastings, Frank Abney, biographical sketch of, 496.Haydn, character of, 573.Heber, Bishop, description of the Himalayas by, 557.Hemp, culture of, in Italy, 620.Hints for doctors, 630.Historical romance, the, 341.Hogarth, Churchill's epistle to, criticised, 377.Holme's Life of Mozart, review of, 572.Horace Leicester, a sketch, 197.Hornes' Chaucer Modernized, remarks on, 115.House-hunting in Wales, 74.—a sequel to, 474.How we got up the Glenmutchkin railway, and how we got out of it, 453.Humboldt, 541.—character of his mind, 545.—his early life, 546.—sketch of his travels, 547.—list of his works, 548.—extracts from these, 549.I have outlived the hopes that charmed me, from Púshkin, 149.Ida, Countess Hahn-Hahn, 71.Imprisonment as a punishment, 131.Improvisatore, the, 626.Inferior quality of wheat, cause of the,771.Insects common at Lucca, 623.Italian school of painting, the, 425.Italy, sketches of—Lucca, 617.—agriculture round Lucca, 619.—sagena, 620.—lupins, ib.—hemp, ib.—trees, 622.—oaks, ib.—insects, 623.—ants,624.—shooting fish, 625.—owls, 626.—the improvisatore, ib.—tables-d'hôtes, Mr Snapley, 628.—hints for doctors, 630.—private music-party, 631.J. D., a meditation by, 494.—on the old year, 495.—Corali, ib.—a mother to her deserted child,752.—summer noontide, ib.—to Clara,753.—seclusion, ib.James II., notices of, 7.James's Philip Augustus, remarks on, 353.Jesuitism in France, 185.—sources of its power, 186.Jones, Sir William, character of Dunning, by,723.Johnson on the Dunciad, 236.Kames, Lord, on the Dunciad, 253.Kavanagh's Science of Languages, review of, 467.Kirauca, account of a visit to the volcano of, 591.Knorring, the Baroness, 62.Land, tenure of, in Turkey,693.Landscape painting in England, 257.Languages, Kavanagh's Science of, reviewed, 467.Last hours of a reign, a tale in two parts.—Part I., Chapter 1,754.—Chapter 2,761.Law, administration of, in Turkey,699.Law studies, Warren's Introduction to, reviewed, 300.Lay of Starkàther, the, 571.Lay of the wise Olég, the, from the Russian of Púshkin, 146.Ledyard's Life of Marlborough, notice of, 3.Leman, lake, scenery of,706.Leslie's Life of John Constable, review of, 257.Letter from London, by a railway witness, 173.Letter to Eusebius, on omens, dreams, appearances, &c.,735.Lettres Persanes of Montesquieu, the, 391.Libraries at Constantinople, the,690.Lipscomb's version of Chaucer, remarks on, 114.Llanos of South America, the, 551.Llansaintfraed lodge and church, 476.Llantony abbey, 485.Llanvair Kilgiden church, &c., 483.London, letter from, by a railway witness, 173.Louis XIV., notices of, 6, 12.Louis XV., character, &c., of,714,730,733.Lowell, J. Russell, remarks on his strictures on Pope, 368.Lucca, sketches of; 617.—agriculture round, 619.Lucrine lake, the, 489.Lupins, culture of, in Italy, 620.MacFlecnoe and the Dunciad, 229.—a supplement to, 366.Machiavel as a historian, 389.Maconochie, Captain, on the management of transported criminals, review of, 129.Madonna, the, from Púshkin, 152.Maeler, lake, 58.Mahmood the Ghaznavide, by B. Simmons, 266.Mahon's England, remarks on, 2.Manner and Matter, a tale, Chapter I., 431.—Chapter II., 435.Manzoni's Promessi Sposi, remarks on, 356.Margaret of Valois, from the French of Dumas, 312.Marlborough, No. I, 1.—Various lives of him, 3.—His parentage and early career, 5.—Is created Lord Churchill, 7.—His conduct at the Revolution, 8.—Further honours conferred on him, 9.—His disgrace in 1691, and mystery attending it, ib.—Is restored to favour, 10.—Appointed commander in the Netherlands, 11.—His first successes, 14.—Defeats the French at Blenheim, 19.—His subsequent campaign, and causes which thwarted his success, 27. No. II.,649.—Plans for the campaign of 1705,650.—Marches into Flanders,652.—Defeats Villeroi,653.—Thwarted by the inactivity of the Dutch,654.—Victory of Ramilies,661.—Subsequent operations,664.Marston; or, Memoirs of a Statesman.—Part XVIII., 157.—Part XIX., 272.—Part XX. and last, 439.Meditation, a, by J. D., 494.Memoirs of a Statesman.SeeMarston.Menin, siege and capture of, by Marlborough,667.Mesmerism, remarks on,736.Metternich, Stein's opinion of, 337.Michelet's Priests, Women, and Families, review of, 185.Mob, the, from the Russian of Púshkin, 36.Modern novels, characteristics of, 342.Monmouthshire, scrambles in, 474.Mont Blanc, scenery of,707.Montesquieu, 389.—Compared with Tacitus, Machiavel, and Bacon, ib.—Sketch of his early life, 390.—Publication and character of his Lettres Persanes, 391.—Of the Grandeur et Decadence des Romains, ib.—And of the Esprit des Loix, and the defence of it, 392, 393.—His private life and character, and anecdotes of him, 394.—His death, 395.—Unpublished papers left by him, 396.—Characteristics of his works, and extracts from them, 397.—Causes which led to their comparative neglect, 398.More, Hannah, anecdotes of,723.Mother, a, to her deserted child, by J. D.,752.Motion, from the Russian of Púshkin, 149.Mountain and the Cloud, the; a Reminiscence of Switzerland,704.Mozart, 573.—Sketches of his life, 575.—Extracts from his letters, &c., 578.—Characteristics of his music, 590.Murillo as a painter, 420.Murray, Sir George, the Marlborough Despatches edited by, reviewed—No. I., 1.—No. II.,649.My college friends, No. II.—Horace Leicester, 197.Nantiglo ironworks, 485.Naples, see Neapolitan.Napoleon, from the Russian of Púshkin, 39.National gallery, want of a, in Great Britain, 413.Natural history, Waterton's essays on, second series, reviewed, 289.Neapolitan sketches.—garden of the Villa Reale, 486.—Servi de Pena, ib.—San Carlo, 487.—Pozzuoli, 488.—Baiæ, ib.—Lucrine and Avernus lakes, 489.—Procida, 490.—palace of Caserta, 491.—silk manufactory, 492.—The snake-tamer, 490.Newcastle, Duke of, character of,730.Norfolk Island, management of convicts at, 138.North's specimens of the British critics.—No. VI. Supplement to Dryden on Chaucer, 114.—No. VII. MacFlecnoe and the Dunciad, 229.—No. VIII. Supplement to the same, 366.Northern lights, 56.Nyberg, Fru, a Swedish poetess, 57.Oaks in Italy, 622.Oberland, scenery of the,707,710.Olég, lay of, from Púshkin, 146.Omens, &c., letter to Eusebius on,735.On the Old Year, by J. D., 495.Opening the ports, on the,773.Opium-eater, sequel to the Confessions of an, part II., 43.Orinoco, description of the rapids of the, 550.Oscar, crown-prince of Sweden, 59.Ostend, capture of by Marlborough,666.Overkirk, General, notices of,653,654,656,662,664.Owls in Italy, 626.Painting and pictures, remarks on, 413.—characteristics of the various schools of, 424.Palace of Caserta, the, 491.Pampas of South America, the, 550.Paoli, the Corsican patriot,731.Phipps, Mr, character, &c., of,727.Pictures, De Burtin on, 413.—choice of subjects for, 417.—colouring, &c., ib.Poetry—Specimens of the lyrics of Púshkin, translated by T. B. Shaw.—No. I., 28.—No. II., 140.—Mahmood the Ghaznavide, by B. Simmons, 266.—A reminiscence of boyhood, by Delta, 408.—A meditation, by J. D., 494.—On the old year, by the same, 495.—Corali, by the same, ib.—The lay of Starkàther, 571.—The Grand General Junction and Indefinite Extension Railway rhapsody, 614.—The second Pandora,711.—A mother to her deserted child, by J. D.,752.—Summer noontide, ib.—to Clara,753.—seclusion, ib.Pompadour, Madame de,732.Pope's version of Chaucer, remarks on, 119.—Dunciad, remarks on, 234.—Strictures on Lowell's criticism of him, 368.Potato crop, state of the, throughout Scotland,776.—saving of them for seed,780.Pozzuoli, 488.Presentiment, from the Russian of Púshkin, 152.Priests, Women, and Families, review of Michelet's work on, 185.Printing establishments in Constantinople,691.Private music-party, a, 631.Prophecy of Famine, Churchill's, remarks on, 380.Procida, 490.Punishment, remarks on, 129.—its objects, ib.—various modes of, 131.—on capital, and a proposed substitute for it, ib.Púshkin, the Russian poet. No. II. Specimen of his lyrics, translated by T. B. Shaw. Introductory remarks, 28.—October 19th, 1825, 31.—The Caucasus, 34.—To * * *, 35.—The mob, 36.—The black shawl, 37.—The rose, 38.—Napoleon, 39.—The storm, 40.—The general, 41.—No. III. Introduction, 140.—Alas, for her! 141.—The feast of Peter the First, 142.—Town of starving, town of splendour, 143.—To the sea, 144.—Echo, 145.—The lay of the wise Olég, 146.—Remembrance, 149.—I have outlived the hopes that charmed me, ib.—Motion, ib.—To the slanderers of Russia, 150.—Presentiment, 152.—The Madonna, ib.—André Chenier, 154.Quietists, effects of the doctrines of the, in France, 190.Raffaele's Transfiguration, remarks on, 418.—his St Cecilia, 422.Ragland Castle, description of, 476.Railway rhapsody, the grand general junction and indefinite extension, 614.Railway witness in London, letter from a, 173.Railways and railway speculation, on, 633.Ramilies, battle of,661.Reformation by punishment, on, 129.Reign of George III., Walpole's memoirs of the,713.Religion, state of, during the eighteenth century,714.Remembrance, from the Russian of Púshkin, 149.Reminiscence of boyhood, a, by Delta, 409.Reminiscence of Switzerland, a,704.Reviews.—Despatches of the Duke of Marlborough. No. I., 1.—No. II.,649.—Maconochie and Zschokke on punishment and reformation of criminals, 129.—Michelet's priests, women, and families, 185.—Leslie's life of Constable, the painter, 257.—Waterton's essays on natural history, second series, 289.—Warren's introduction to law studies, 300.—Kavanagh's science of languages, 467.—Holmes' life of Mozart, 572.—White's three years in Constantinople,688.—Walpole's memoirs of the reign of George III.,713.Richelieu, Marshal,730.Ritterhaus at Stockholm, the, 59.Romance, the historical, 341.Rose, the, from the Russian of Púshkin, 38.Russia, to the slanderers of, from Púshkin, 150.Sagena, culture of, at Lucca, 620.Saltza, Count, 68.San Carlo, 487.Sandwich, Lord, anecdote of,724.Schools of painting, characteristics of the, 424.Science of languages, Kavanagh's, review of, 467.Scott's historical romances, remarks on, 345.Scottish harvest, the,769.—quantity and quality of the grain crop, ib.,770.—cause of the inferior quality of the wheat,771.—and of the high price of bread,772.—state of the potato crop,775.Scrambles in Monmouthshire, a sequel to house-hunting in Wales, 474.Sea, to the, from Púshkin, 144.Secker, Archbishop, character of,728.Seclusion, by J. D.,752.Second Pandora, the,711.Seed potatoes, saving of,778.Servi de Pena, 486.Shaw, T. B., specimens of the lyrics of Púshkin, by, 28, 140.Shooting fish in Italy, 625.Silk manufactory of Caserta, the, 492.Simmons, B., Mahmood the Ghaznavide, by, 266.Sketches of Italy. Lucca, 617.—agriculture round Lucca, 619.—sagena, 620.—lupines, ib.—hemp, ib.—trees and oaks, 622.—insects, 623.—ants, 624.—shooting fish, 625.—owls, 626.—the improvisatore, ib.—tables-d'hôtes—Mr Snapley, 628.—hints for doctors, 630.—private music-party, 631.Smith, Sydney, on modern sermons,714.Smollet's England, remarks on, 2.Snake-tamer, the, 493.Snapley, Mr, 628.Solitary imprisonment, effects of, 139.Stampe, the Countess, 69.Starkàther, the lay of, 571.Staubbach, fall of the,706.Stein, the Baron von, career of, 328.Stephens, Mr, letters from, on the results of the harvest,769.Stockholm, description of, 59.Storm, the, from Púshkin, 40.Stralsund, sketch of, 56.Struensee, Count,729.Student of Salamanca, the. Part I., 521.Part II.,673.Summer noontide, by J. D.,752.Suspiria de profundis; being a sequel to the confessions of an English opium-eater. Part II., 43.Swedes, character of the, 69.Swift's apology for Queen Anne, &c., notice of, 4.Switzerland, a reminiscence of,704.Tables-d'hôtes in Italy, 628.Tacitus, as a historian, 389.Tenure of land, &c. in Turkey,693.Thorwaldsen the sculptor, 69.Three years in Constantinople; review of,688.Titian, remarks on the style, &c. of, 420.To * * *, from the Russian of Púshkin, 35.To Clara, by J. D.,753.To the sea, from Púshkin, 144.To the slanderers of Russia, from Púshkin, 150.Torquato Tasso, Goethe's translations from, 87.Townsend, Charles, character of,715.—his death,719.Transfiguration of Raffaele, remarks on the, 418.Trees in Italy, 622.Turks, domestic manners of the,688.Usk river, scenery of the, 475.Varnhagen von Ense, sketch of Stein by, 331.Villa Reale, garden of the, 486.Villars, Marshal,650,651.Villeroi, Marshal,651,652.—his defeat at Ramilies,661.Volcano of Kirauea, account of a visit to the, 591.Voltaire's Age of Louis XIV., remarks on, 3.Von Stein, sketch of the career and character of, 328.Wales, sketches of, 74.Walpole's memoirs of the reign of George III., review of,713.Warburton on the Dunciad, 253.Warren's introduction to law-studies, review of, 300.Warton, Dr, on the Dunciad, 251.Waterton's second series of essays in natural history, review of, 289.Waxholm, fortress of, 58.Weymouth, Lord,727.Wheat crop, quantity and quality of the, throughout Scotland,769,770.—cause of its inferior quality,771.—the supply abundant,773.—on the rising price of,779.Wild animals of South America, the, 553.Wilkes, John, notice of,722,725.William III., notices of, 9.—his death, 11.White's three years in Constantinople, review of,688.Wordsworth's modernization of Chaucer, remarks on, 125.Wye, scenery of the, 481.Zschokke's Aehrenlese, review of, 129.Zumalacarregui, career of, 210.