Transcriber's note:

[1]"We talked sad rubbish when we first began," says Mr Cobden in one of his speeches.

[1]"We talked sad rubbish when we first began," says Mr Cobden in one of his speeches.

[2]Reports of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of Education in Wales, appointed by the Committee of Council on Education.Parts I. II. III. 1847.

[2]Reports of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of Education in Wales, appointed by the Committee of Council on Education.Parts I. II. III. 1847.

[3]This, it will be understood, does not apply to Scotland,—where education has been a very popular interest for nearly two centuries back.

[3]This, it will be understood, does not apply to Scotland,—where education has been a very popular interest for nearly two centuries back.

[4]This sketch is derived partly from the note-book, and partly from the conversation, of a young German, now living upon a small estate near Barèges in the Upper Pyrenees.

[4]This sketch is derived partly from the note-book, and partly from the conversation, of a young German, now living upon a small estate near Barèges in the Upper Pyrenees.

[5]Histoire de la Conquête de Naples par Charles d'Anjou, frère de St Louis.Par le ComteAlexis de St Priest, Pair de France. 4 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1848. Vol. iv.

[5]Histoire de la Conquête de Naples par Charles d'Anjou, frère de St Louis.Par le ComteAlexis de St Priest, Pair de France. 4 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1848. Vol. iv.

[6]"Is it true that virgins, torn from their mothers' arms, were the habitual victims of the conqueror's brutality?... Is it true that, when a Frenchman met a Sicilian on horseback, he made him dismount, and forced him to follow upon foot, however long the road? Is it true, that the foreigners could not find themselves with the people of the country without insulting them with the odious name ofPatarins, an insult which the Sicilians repaid with usury, by styling themFerracani?"—St Priest, vol. iv. pp. 23, 24.

[6]"Is it true that virgins, torn from their mothers' arms, were the habitual victims of the conqueror's brutality?... Is it true that, when a Frenchman met a Sicilian on horseback, he made him dismount, and forced him to follow upon foot, however long the road? Is it true, that the foreigners could not find themselves with the people of the country without insulting them with the odious name ofPatarins, an insult which the Sicilians repaid with usury, by styling themFerracani?"—St Priest, vol. iv. pp. 23, 24.

[7]Since augmented into the Latin line—"Quod placuit Siculis, sola Sperlinga negavit."

[7]Since augmented into the Latin line—

"Quod placuit Siculis, sola Sperlinga negavit."

[8]The death of Cardinal Richelieu offers a singular resemblance with that of Charles of Anjou. Having demanded the Viaticum: "Here is my Lord and my God," he exclaimed; "before him I protest that in all I have undertaken, I have had nothing in view but the good of religion and of the state."—St Priest, vol. iv. p. 165.

[8]The death of Cardinal Richelieu offers a singular resemblance with that of Charles of Anjou. Having demanded the Viaticum: "Here is my Lord and my God," he exclaimed; "before him I protest that in all I have undertaken, I have had nothing in view but the good of religion and of the state."—St Priest, vol. iv. p. 165.

[9]Procida died at an advanced old age, in his native province of Salerno, reconciled with the Pope and with the King of Naples, at enmity with Sicily, and re-established in his possessions by Charles II.—St Priest, vol. iv. p. 172.

[9]Procida died at an advanced old age, in his native province of Salerno, reconciled with the Pope and with the King of Naples, at enmity with Sicily, and re-established in his possessions by Charles II.—St Priest, vol. iv. p. 172.

[10]"It is at this time (the moment when Charles of Anjou raised the siege of Messina) that estimable, but second-rate historians place the pretended adventure of a French chevalier of the name of Clermont, to whose wife, they say, Charles of Anjou had offered violence. They add, that, after revenging himself by a similar outrage to one of the king's daughters, this French knight fled to Sicily, where he founded the powerful house of Chiaromonte, Counts of Modica." (St Priest, vol. iv. p. 104.) M. de St Priest disbelieves this anecdote, which is certainly inconsistent with the character for rigid morality and chastity he assigns to his hero.

[10]"It is at this time (the moment when Charles of Anjou raised the siege of Messina) that estimable, but second-rate historians place the pretended adventure of a French chevalier of the name of Clermont, to whose wife, they say, Charles of Anjou had offered violence. They add, that, after revenging himself by a similar outrage to one of the king's daughters, this French knight fled to Sicily, where he founded the powerful house of Chiaromonte, Counts of Modica." (St Priest, vol. iv. p. 104.) M. de St Priest disbelieves this anecdote, which is certainly inconsistent with the character for rigid morality and chastity he assigns to his hero.

[11]Raymond'sReports, 474.

[11]Raymond'sReports, 474.

[12]Pitcairn, ii. 428.

[12]Pitcairn, ii. 428.

[13]Forbes'sJournal of the Session, preface, p. xviii.

[13]Forbes'sJournal of the Session, preface, p. xviii.

[14]Balfour'sBrieffe Memorials of Church and State, 18.

[14]Balfour'sBrieffe Memorials of Church and State, 18.

[15]Balfour'sBrieffe Memorials of Church and State, 18.

[15]Balfour'sBrieffe Memorials of Church and State, 18.

[16]Culloden Papers, 118.

[16]Culloden Papers, 118.

[17]Burt'sLetters from the North of Scotland, 5th Edit., i. 50.

[17]Burt'sLetters from the North of Scotland, 5th Edit., i. 50.

[18]New Statistical Account, Aberdeen, 1054.

[18]New Statistical Account, Aberdeen, 1054.

[19]Life and various Vicissitudes of Peter Williamson.

[19]Life and various Vicissitudes of Peter Williamson.

[20]Book of Bon Accord, 90.

[20]Book of Bon Accord, 90.

[21]Kennedy'sAnnals of Aberdeen, i. 296.

[21]Kennedy'sAnnals of Aberdeen, i. 296.

[22]A representation of it will be found in theScots Magazinefor 1762, p. 404.

[22]A representation of it will be found in theScots Magazinefor 1762, p. 404.

[23]This advertisement, with other curious newspaper-scraps regarding Williamson, is preserved in the biographical notices of Kay's Portraits, i. 137.

[23]This advertisement, with other curious newspaper-scraps regarding Williamson, is preserved in the biographical notices of Kay's Portraits, i. 137.

[24]As this paper was being printed, we were struck with the coincidence between the general idea contained in it and two striking articles in theTimesnewspaper. We know that the writer of the present article had not, when he wrote it, seen the articles in theTimes. But these views, in our opinion, cannot be too often impressed on the attention of the reflecting portion of the Irish people.

[24]As this paper was being printed, we were struck with the coincidence between the general idea contained in it and two striking articles in theTimesnewspaper. We know that the writer of the present article had not, when he wrote it, seen the articles in theTimes. But these views, in our opinion, cannot be too often impressed on the attention of the reflecting portion of the Irish people.

Transcriber's note:Page 553: The transcriber has divided the large table into two sections.Page 596: No closing quotation mark was provided in the original. 'were "the immediate raising of the siege, and return of the army to the Continent; ...'Page 636: "she used a word vernacularly employed to signify the stripping birds of their fathers." 'fathers' has been replaced with 'feathers'.The chapter title "THE CAXTONS" has two consecutive chapters entitled Chapter IX.

Page 553: The transcriber has divided the large table into two sections.

Page 596: No closing quotation mark was provided in the original. 'were "the immediate raising of the siege, and return of the army to the Continent; ...'

Page 636: "she used a word vernacularly employed to signify the stripping birds of their fathers." 'fathers' has been replaced with 'feathers'.

The chapter title "THE CAXTONS" has two consecutive chapters entitled Chapter IX.


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