Mr. James's peculiar province is the international novel; a field which he created for himself, but which he has occupied in company with Howells, Mrs. Burnett, and many others. He was born into the best traditions of New England culture, his father being a resident of Cambridge, and a forcible writer on philosophical subjects, and his brother, William James, a professor in Harvard University. The novelist received most of his schooling in Europe, and has lived much abroad, with the result that he has become half denationalized and has engrafted a cosmopolitan indifference upon his Yankee inheritance. This, indeed, has constituted his opportunity. A close observer and a conscientious student of the literary art, he has added to his intellectual equipment the advantage of a curious doubleness in his point of view. He looks at America with the eyes of a foreigner and at Europe with the eyes of an American. He has so far thrown himself out of relation with American life that he describes a Boston horsecar or a New York hotel table with a sort of amused wonder. His starting-point was in criticism, and he has always maintained the critical attitude. He took up story-writing in order to help himself, by practical experiment, in his chosen art of literary criticism, and his volume on {586}French Poets and Novelists, 1878, is by no means the least valuable of his books. His short stories in the magazines were collected into a volume in 1875, with the title,A Passionate Pilgrim and Other Stories. One or two of these, as theLast of the Valeriiand theMadonna of the Future, suggest Hawthorne, a very unsympathetic study of whom James afterward contributed to the "English Men of Letters" series. But in the name-story of the collection he was already in the line of his future development. This is the story of a middle-aged invalid American, who comes to England in search of health, and finds, too late, in the mellow atmosphere of the mother country, the repose and the congenial surroundings which he has all his life been longing for in his raw America. The pathos of his self-analysis and his confession of failure is subtly imagined. The impressions which he and his far-away English kinsfolk make on one another, their mutual attraction and repulsion, are described with that delicate perception of national differences which makes the humor and sometimes the tragedy of James's later books, like theAmerican,Daisy Miller, theEuropeans, andAn International Episode. His first novel wasRoderick Hudson, 1876, not the most characteristic of his fictions, but perhaps the most powerful in its grasp of elementary passion. The analytic method and the critical attitude have their dangers in imaginative literature. In proportion as this writer's faculty of minute observation and his realistic objectivity {587} have increased upon him, the uncomfortable coldness which is felt in his youthful work has become actually disagreeable, and his art—growing constantly finer and surer in matters of detail—has seemed to dwell more and more in the region of mere manners and less in the higher realm of character and passion. In most of his writings the heart, somehow, is left out. We have seen that Irving, from his knowledge of England and America, and his long residence in both countries, became the mediator between the two great branches of the Anglo-Saxon race. This he did by the power of his sympathy with each. Henry James has likewise interpreted the two nations to one another in a subtler but less genial fashion than Irving, and not through sympathy, but through contrast, by bringing into relief the opposing ideals of life and society which have developed under different institutions. In his novel, theAmerican, 1877, he has shown the actual misery which may result from the clashing of opposed social systems. In such clever sketches asDaisy Miller, 1879, thePension Beaurepas, andA Bundle of Letters, he has exhibited types of the American girl, the American business man, the aesthetic feebling from Boston, and the Europeanized or would-be denationalized American campaigners in the Old World, and has set forth the ludicrous incongruities, perplexities, and misunderstandings which result from contradictory standards of conventional morality and behavior. In theEuropeans, 1879, and an {588}International Episode, 1878, he has reversed the process, bringing Old Word [Transcriber's note: World?] standards to the test of American ideas by transferring hisdramatis personaeto republican soil. The last-named of these illustrates how slender a plot realism requires for its purposes. It is nothing more than the history of an English girl of good family who marries an American gentleman and undertakes to live in America, but finds herself so uncomfortable in strange social conditions that she returns to England for life, while, contrariwise, the heroine's sister is so taken with the freedom of these very conditions that she elopes with another American and "goes West." James is a keen observer of the physiognomy of cities as well as of men, and hisPortraits of Places, 1884, is among the most delightful contributions to the literature of foreign travel.
Mr. Howells's writings are not without "international" touches. InA Foregone Conclusionand theLady of the Aroostook, and others of his novels, the contrasted points of view in American and European life are introduced, and especially those variations in feeling, custom, dialect, etc., which make the modern Englishman and the modern American such objects of curiosity to each other, and which have been dwelt upon of late even unto satiety. But in general he finds his subjects at home, and if he does not know his own countrymen and countrywomen more intimately than Mr. James, at least {589} he loves them better. There is a warmer sentiment in his fictions, too; his men are better fellows and his women are more lovable. Howells was born in Ohio. His early life was that of a western country editor. In 1860 he published, jointly with his friend Piatt, a book of verse—Poems of Two Friends. In 1861 he was sent as consul to Venice, and the literary results of his sojourn there appeared in his sketchesVenetian Life, 1865, andItalian Journeys, 1867. In 1871 he became editor of theAtlantic Monthly, and in the same year published hisSuburban Sketches. All of these early volumes showed a quick eye for the picturesque, an unusual power of description, and humor of the most delicate quality; but as yet there was little approach to narrative.Their Wedding Journeywas a revelation to the public of the interest that may lie in an ordinary bridal trip across the State of New York, when a close and sympathetic observation is brought to bear upon the characteristics of American life as it appears at railway stations and hotels, on steam-boats and in the streets of very commonplace towns.A Chance Acquaintance, 1873, was Howells's first novel, though even yet the story was set against a background of travel—pictures, a holiday trip on the St. Lawrence and the Saguenay; and descriptions of Quebec and the Falls of Montmorenci, etc., rather predominated over the narrative. Thus, gradually and by a natural process, complete characters and realistic novels, such asA Modern {590} Instance, 1882, andIndian Summer, evolved themselves from truthful sketches of places and persons seen by the way.
The incompatibility existing between European and American views of life, which makes the comedy or the tragedy of Henry James's international fictions, is replaced in Howells's novels by the repulsion between differing social grades in the same country. The adjustment of these subtle distinctions forms a part of the problem of life in all complicated societies. Thus inA Chance Acquaintancethe heroine is a bright and pretty Western girl, who becomes engaged during a pleasure tour to an irreproachable but offensively priggish young gentleman from Boston, and the engagement is broken by her in consequence of an unintended slight—the betrayal on the hero's part of a shade of mortification when he and his betrothed are suddenly brought into the presence of some fashionable ladies belonging to his ownmonde. The little comedy,Out of the Question, deals with this same adjustment of social scales; and in many of Howells's other novels, such asSilas Laphamand theLady of the Aroostook, one of the main motives may be described to be the contact of the man who eats with his fork with the man who eats with his knife, and the shock thereby ensuing. InIndian Summerthe complications arise from the difference in age between the hero and heroine, and not from a difference in station or social antecedents. In all of these fictions the {591} misunderstandings come from an incompatibility of manner rather than of character, and, if any thing were to be objected to the probability of the story, it is that the climax hinges on delicacies and subtleties which, in real life, when there is opportunity for explanations, are readily brushed aside. But inA Modern InstanceHowells touched the deeper springs of action. In this, his strongest work, the catastrophe is brought about, as in George Eliot's great novels, by the reaction of characters upon one another, and the story is realistic in a higher sense than any mere study of manners can be. His nearest approach to romance is in theUndiscovered Country, 1880, which deals with the Spiritualists and the Shakers, and in its study of problems that hover on the borders of the supernatural, in its out-of-the-way personages and adventures, and in a certain ideal poetic flavor about the whole book, has a strong resemblance to Hawthorne, especially to Hawthorne in theBlithedale Romance, where he comes closer to common ground with other romancers. It is interesting to compareUndiscovered Countrywith Henry James'sBostonians, the latest and one of the cleverest of his fictions, which is likewise a study of the clairvoyants, mediums, woman's rights' advocates, and all varieties of cranks, reformers, and patrons of "causes," for whom Boston has long been notorious. A most unlovely race of people they become under the cold scrutiny of Mr. James's cosmopolitan eyes, which see more clearly the {592} charlatanism, narrow-mindedness, mistaken fanaticism, morbid self-consciousness, disagreeable nervous intensity, and vulgar or ridiculous outside peculiarities of the humanitarians, than the nobility and moral enthusiasm which underlie the surface.
Howells is almost the only successful American dramatist, and this in the field of parlor comedy. His little farces, theElevator, theRegister, theParlor Car, etc., have a lightness and grace, with an exquisitely absurd situation, which remind us more of theComedies et Proverbesof Alfred de Musset, or the many agreeable dialogues and monologues of the French domestic stage, than of any work of English or American hands. His softly ironical yet affectionate treatment of feminine ways is especially admirable. In his numerous types of sweetly illogical, inconsistent, and inconsequent womanhood he has perpetuated with a nicer art than Dickens what Thackeray calls "that great discovery," Mrs. Nickleby.
1. Theodore Winthrop. Life in the Open Air. Cecil Dreeme.
2. Thomas Wentworth Higginson. Life in a Black Regiment.
3. Poetry of the Civil War. Edited by Richard Grant White. New York: 1866.
4. Charles Farrar Browne. Artemus Ward—His Book. Lecture on the Mormons. Artemus Ward in London.
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5. Samuel Langhorne Clemens. The Jumping Frog. Roughing It. The Mississippi Pilot.
6. Charles Godfrey Leland. Hans Breitmann's Ballads.
7. Edward Everett Hale. If, Yes, and Perhaps. His Level Best and Other Stories.
8. Francis Bret Harte. Outcasts of Poker Flat and Other Stories. Condensed Novels. Poems in Dialect.
9. Sidney Lanier. Nirvana. Resurrection. The Harlequin of Dreams.Song of the Chattahoochie. The Mocking Bird. The Stirrup-Cup. TampaRobins. The Bee. The Revenge of Hamish. The Ship of Earth. TheMarshes of Glynn. Sunrise.
10. Henry James, Jr. A Passionate Pilgrim. Roderick Hudson. Daisy Miller. Pension Beaurepas. A Bundle of Letters. An International Episode. The Bostonians. Portraits of Places.
11. William Dean Howells. Their Wedding Journey. Suburban Sketches. A Chance Acquaintance. A Foregone Conclusion. The Undiscovered Country. A Modern Instance.
12. George W. Cable. Old Creole Days. Madam Delphine. The Grandissimes.
13. Joel Chandler Harris. Uncle Remus. Mingo and Other Sketches.
14. Charles Egbert Craddock (Miss Murfree). In the Tennessee Mountains.
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The important field of theology and religion in America has yielded many and rich additions to the storehouse of letters.
TheBay Psalm Book, published in Cambridge, Mass., in 1640, was the first book printed in the English colonies in America. Its leading authors were Richard Mather (1596-1669), of Dorchester, father of Increase and grandfather of the still more famous Cotton Mather, Thomas Welde and John Eliot, both of Roxbury. The book was a few years later revised by Henry Dunster and passed through as many as twenty-seven editions. While it was both printed and used in England and Scotland by dissenting churches, it was a constant companion in private and public worship in the Calvinistic churches of the Colonies.
The early colonial writers on theology include Charles Chauncy (1589-1672), the second president of Harvard College, who wrote a treatise onJustification, Samuel Willard (1640-1707), whoseComplete Body of Divinitywas the first folio {595} publication in America; Solomon Stoddard (1643-1729), whose most celebrated work wasThe Doctrine of Instituted Churches, in which he advocated the converting power of the Lord's Supper; Charles Chauncy (1705-1787), a great-grandson of President Chauncy, celebrated as a stickler for great plainness in writing and speech, and one of the founders of Universalism in New England, whoseSeasonable Thoughtswas in opposition to the preaching of Whitefield; and Aaron Burr (1716-1757), father of the political opponent and slayer of Alexander Hamilton, and author ofThe Supreme Deity of Our Lord Jesus Christ. James Blair (1656-1743), of Virginia, the virtual founder and first president of William and Mary College, wroteOur Saviour's Sermon on the Mount, containing one hundred and seventeen sermons. The two Tennents, Gilbert (1703-1764) and William (1705-1777), Samuel Finley (1717-1764), and Samuel Davies (1723-1761) were pulpit orators whose sermons still hold high rank in the homiletic world.
Others of the colonial period distinguished for their ability are: JohnDavenport (1597-1670), of New Haven, author ofThe Saint's Anchor Hold;Edward Johnson (died 1682), of Woburn, author ofThe Wonder WorkingProvidence of Sion's Saviour in New England; Jonathan Dickinson(1688-1747), the first president of the College of New Jersey (PrincetonUniversity), who publishedFamiliar Letters upon Important Subjects inReligion, Samuel Johnson (1696-1772), a {596} distinguished advocate ofEpiscopacy in Connecticut; Thomas Clap (1703-1767), president of YaleCollege, who was the author of theReligious Condition of Colleges;Samuel Mather (1706-1785), a son of Cotton Mather, among whose works wasAn Attempt to Show that America was Known to the Ancients; and ThomasChalkley (1675-1749), and John Woolman (1720-1772), both belonging to theFriends, and whoseJournalsare admirable specimens of the Quakerspirit and simplicity.
Some of the leading writers on theology whose activity was greatest about the time of the American Revolution are worthy of study. They are John Witherspoon (1722-1794) who, while he is better known as the sixth president of the College of New Jersey and a political writer of the Revolution, was also the author ofEcclesiastical Characteristics, a satirical work aimed at the Moderate party of the Church of Scotland, and written before he left that country for America; Charles Thomson (1729-1824), who was for fifteen years the secretary of the Continental Congress and published aTranslation of the Bible; Elias Boudinot (1740-1821), the first president of the American Bible Society and a leading philanthropist of his time, who wroteThe Age of Revelation, a reply to Paine'sAge of Reason; Nathan Strong (1748-1816), the editor ofThe Connecticut Evangelical Magazineand pastor of First Church, Hartford; Isaac Backus (1724-1806), the author of the well-knownHistory of New England with Particular {597} Reference to the Baptists; Ezra Stiles (1727-1795), president of Yale College, who published many discourses and wroteAn Ecclesiastical History of New England, which was not completed and never published; William White (1748-1836), Bishop of Pennsylvania for fifty years, who wrote several works on Episcopacy, one of which wasMemoir of the Episcopal Church in the United States; and William Linn (1752-1808), who published sermons on theLeading Personages of Scripture History.
Belonging also to the Revolutionary period these should be noted: Mather Byles (1706-1788), a wit and punster of loyalist leanings, some of whose sermons have been many times printed, and who was a kinsman of the Mathers; Jonathan Mayhew (1720-1766), whoseSermon on the Repeal of the Stamp Actwas the most famous of his stirring addresses on the political issues already prominent at the time of his death; William Smith (1727-1803), provost of the University of Pennsylvania, who was, not to speak of his other works, the author of several meritorious sermons; Samuel Seabury (1729-1796), the first Protestant Episcopal bishop and author of two volumes of sermons; and Jacob Duché (1739-1798), rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia, who abandoned the American cause, but whose sermons were highly prized.
A quartet of those who gained distinction as writers on doctrine are: Joseph Bellamy (1719-1790), an influential divine of the Edwardean school, and author ofThe True Religion {598} Delineated; Samuel Hopkins (1721-1803), the advocate of disinterested benevolence as a cardinal principle of theology and author ofThe System of Doctrines Contained in Divine Revelation; Jonathan Edwards the Younger (1745-1801), president of Union College and author of several discourses, the most celebrated of which are the three on the "Necessity of the Atonement and its Consistency with Free Grace in Forgiveness" (these sermons are the basis of what has since been named the Edwardean theory); and Elhanan Winchester (1751-1797), the Universalist preacher, one of whose chief works wasThe Universal Restoration.
In the earlier group of theological authorship of the present century, or the national period, taking conspicuous place as doctrinal writers, are: Nathaniel Emmons (1745-1840), one of the foremost of the New School of Calvinistic theology, whose works on the important discussion lasting through a half century are marked by a peculiar force and point; Samuel Stanhope Smith (1750-1819), president of the College of New Jersey and author ofEvidences of the Christian Religion; his successor in office, Ashbel Green (1762-1848), whose chief literary labor was bestowed onThe Christian Advocate, a religious monthly which he edited for twelve years, and who wroteLectures on the Shorter Catechism; Henry Ware (1764-1845), the acknowledged head of the Unitarians prior to the appearance of Channing, professor of divinity in Harvard, and author ofLetters to Trinitarians and {599} Calvinists; Leonard Woods (1774-1854), professor in Andover for thirty-eight years, author of several able books on the Unitarian controversy; and Wilbur Fisk (1792-1839), the distinguished preacher and educator, and author ofThe Calvinistic Controversy.
Other theological lights of the early years of the republic are also: John Mitchell Mason (1770-1829), provost of Columbia College, later president of Dickinson College, a prime mover in the founding of Union Theological Seminary, and author of many sermons of a high order; Edward Payson (1783-1827), whose sermons are noted for the same ardent spirituality and beauty that marked his life and pastorate at Portland, Me.; John Summerfield (1798-1825), a volume of whose strangely eloquent sermons was published after his early death; Ebenezer Porter (1772-1834), professor in Andover, whoseLectures on Revivals of Religionare still worthy of consultation; Eliphalet Nott (1773-1866), president of Union College for sixty-two years, whoseLectures on Temperanceare accounted among the best literature on that great reform; John Henry Hobart (1775-1830), bishop of the diocese of New York, who was the author ofFestivals and Fasts, and one of the founders of the General Theological Seminary in New York; Nathan Bangs (1778-1862), a leading Methodist divine, who wrote aHistory of the Methodist Episcopal ChurchandErrors of Hofkinsianism; and Leonard {600} Withington (1789-1885), author ofSolomon's Song Translated and Explained, a valuable exegetical work.
In a second group of leading writers on religion, coming nearer the middle of the nineteenth century we find as doctrinal authors: Archibald Alexander (1772-1851), author ofEvidences of Christianity; Hosea Ballou (1771-1852), the Universalist preacher and author ofAn Examination of the Doctrine of Future Retribution; Nathaniel W. Taylor (1786-1859), the author ofLectures on the Moral Government of God, in which there is a marked divergence from the strict school of Calvinistic theologians; Gardiner Spring (1785-1873), a tower of strength in the pulpit of New York for over fifty years, and author ofThe Bible Not of Man; Alexander Campbell (1788-1865), whosePublic Debatescontain the record of his distinguished career as a controversialist and mark the formation of the religious society called Disciples of Christ; Robert J. Breckenridge (1800-1871), whose work onThe Knowledge of God Objectively and Subjectively Consideredgave him great distinction; George W. Bethune (1805-1862), who, besides several hymns, wroteLectures on the Heidelberg Catechism; and James H. Thornwell (1811-1862), of the Southern Presbyterians, who left an ableSystematic Theology.
Those whose works were of a more practical nature are: Samuel Miller (1769-1850), whose most telling book wasLetters on Clerical Habits and Manners; Lyman Beecher (1775-1863), the {601} celebrated father of his more celebrated son, and author ofSermons on Temperance; Thomas H. Skinner (1791-1871), professor in Andover and later in Union Theological Seminary, who wroteAids to Preaching and Hearing, and translated and edited Vinet'sHomiletics and Pastoral Theology; Charles G. Finney (1792-1875), of Oberlin, whoseLectures on Revivalsembody the principles on which he himself conducted his celebrated evangelistic labors; Francis Wayland (1796-1865), the Baptist divine and author of a text-book onMoral Science, who also wroteThe Moral Dignity of the Missionary Enterprise; Ichabod S. Spencer (1798-1854), whosePastor's Sketcheshave a perennial interest; Theodore Dwight Woolsey (1801-1889), who, besides other books on the classics and law, publishedThe Religion of the Present and the Future; Bela Bates Edwards (1802-1852), of Andover, whose chief work was that bestowed upon theQuarterly Observer, later theBiblical Repository, and still later as editor ofBibliotheca Sacra; James Waddell Alexander (1804-1859), author ofConsolation; or, Discourses to the Suffering Children of God; and George B. Cheever (1807-1890), who wrote several popular books on temperance, one beingDeacon Giles's Distillery.
A group of noted writers whose books have special bearing on the Bible are: Moses Stuart (1780-1852), the distinguished Hebraist and author of several commentaries and of a Hebrew {602} Grammar, whose scholarship was one of the chief attractions at Andover; Samuel H. Turner (1790-1861), the distinguished commentator on Romans, Hebrews, Ephesians, and Galatians; Edward Robinson (1794-1863), whoseBiblical Researches and New Testament Lexiconmark him as one of the foremost scholars of the century; George Bush (1796-1860), known chiefly as the author ofCommentarieson the earlier parts of the Old Testament; Albert Barnes (1798-1870), whoseNoteson the Scriptures still have a large place among the more popular works of exegesis; Stephen Olin (1797-1851) and John Price Durbin (1800-1876), both distinguished as educators and pulpit orators of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who each wrote on travels in Palestine and adjoining countries; William M. Thomson (1806-1894), the missionary and author ofThe Land and the Book, a work of perpetual value; Joseph Addison Alexander (1809-1860), the famous philologist and author of valuable commentaries and a work onNew Testament Literature; and George Burgess (1809-1866), who wroteThe Book of Psalms in English Verse.
Those who employed their pens in the field of history are; William Meade (1789-1862), author ofOld Churches, Ministers, and Families of Virginia; George Junkin (1790-1868), who wroteThe Vindication, which gives an account of the trial of Albert Barnes, from the Old School point of view; William B. Sprague (1795-1876), whoseAnnals {603} of the American Pulpitform a lasting monument to his literary ability; Robert Baird (1798-1863), author ofA View of Religion in America; Francis L. Hawks (1798-1866), who published theHistory of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Maryland and Virginia; Morris J. Raphall (1798-1868), a prolific Jewish writer, whosePost-Biblical History of the Jewsis a valuable book; Thomas C. Upham (1799-1871), professor in Bowdoin College and author ofMental Philosophy, who also wrote theLife and Religious Experience of Madame Guyon; William H. Furness (1802-1896), long the leader of Unitarians in Philadelphia, from whose imaginative pen came a peculiar book,A History of Jesus; J. Daniel Rupp (born 1803), who wrote aHistory of the Religious Denominations in the United States; and Abel Stevens (1815-1897), author ofThe History of Methodismand also of aHistory of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
Asahel Nettleton (1784-1844), best known as an evangelist, published a popular collection ofVillage Hymns. Henry U. Onderdonk (1789-1858) and John Henry Hopkins (1792-1868) each wrote on the Episcopacy. Samuel Hanson Cox (1793-1880), a vigorous and original preacher of the New School Presbyterians, was the author ofInterviews Memorable and Useful. Henry B. Bascom (1796-1850), whoseSermons and Lectureswere of vigorous thought but florid style, was very popular for many years; Nicholas Murray (1802-1861) under thenom-de-plumeof "Kirwan" {604} wrote the celebratedLettersto Archbishop Hughes on the Catholic Question; and Edward Thomson (1810-1870), bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was author ofMoral and Religious Essays, and other works.
Among the American singers of sacred lyrics are Samuel Davies (1724-1761), Timothy Dwight. (1752-1817), Mrs. Phoebe H. Brown (1783-1861), Thomas Hastings (1784-1872), John Pierpont (1785-1866), Mrs. Lydia H. Sigourney (1791-1865), William B. Tappan (1794-1849), William A. Muhlenberg (1796-1877), George W. Doane (1799-1859), Ray Palmer (1808-1887), Samuel F. Smith (1808-1895), Edmund H. Sears (1810-1876), William Hunter (1811-1877), George Duffield (1818-1888), Arthur Cleveland Coxe (1818-1896), Samuel Longfellow (1819-1892), and Alice (1820-1871) and Phoebe Cary (1824-1871).
From the large number of writers of the latter half of this century whose productions have been added to the treasures of thought for coming generations and are worthy of generous attention we name: Charles Hodge (1797-1878), known best by hisSystematic Theology; and his son, Archibald Alexander Hodge (1823-1886), author ofOutlines of Theology; Charles P. McIlvaine (1798-1873), whoseEvidences of Christianityare widely known and read; Mark Hopkins (1802-1887), who gave the worldThe Law of Love and Love as a Law; Edwards A. Park (born 1808), whose leading work was on theAtonement; Albert {605} Taylor Bledsoe (1809-1877), whoseTheodicywas his chief work; James McCosh (1811-1894), whose later years were given to America, and whoseChristianity and PositivismandReligious Aspects of Evolutionwere written in this country; Davis W. Clark (1812-1871), author ofMan All Immortal; John Miley (1813-1896), who was the author of a clear and ableSystematic Theologyof the Arminian type; Thomas O. Summers (1812-1882), who was a prolific author and whoseSystematic Theologyhas been published since his death; and Lorenzo D. McCabe (1815-1897), who wrote on theForeknowledge of God.
Those who have devoted their talent to the exposition of the Scriptures are: Thomas J. Conant (1802-1891), a biblical scholar and author ofHistorical Books of the Old Testament; Daniel D. Whedon (1808-1885), who wroteFreedom of the Willand was the author of a valuableCommentary on the New Testament; Horatio B. Hackett (1808-1875), whose exegetical works on Acts, Philemon, and Philippians have great merit; Tayler Lewis (1809-1877), the Nestor of classic linguistics, whoseSix Days of Creationand theDivine-Human in the Scripturesare among his best books; Melanchthon W. Jacobus (1816-1876), whoseCommentaries on the Gospels, Acts, and Genesisunite critical ability and popular style; Ezra Abbot (1818-1884), author of a critical work on theAuthorship of the Fourth Gospel; Howard Crosby (1826-1891), the vigorous preacher and {606} author ofThe Seven Churches of Asia; William M. Taylor (1829-1895), whose works include excellent studies on several prominent Bible characters—Moses, David, Daniel, and Joseph; Henry Martyn Harman (1822-1897), the author ofAn Introduction to the Study of the Holy Scriptures;and Henry B. Ridgaway (1830-1895), who wroteThe Lord's Land, a work based on his personal observations during an Oriental tour.
Those who have treated historical themes include: Charles Elliot (1792-1869), whose ablest work wasThe Delineation of Roman Catholicism; Francis P. Kenrick (1797-1863), who, besides being the author of aVersion of the Scriptures with Commentary, also wrote a work onThe Supremacy of the Pope; Matthew Simpson (1810-1884), the eloquent bishop, who wroteA Cyclopaedia of MethodismandA Hundred Years of Methodism; James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888), author ofThe Ten Great Religions of the World; Henry B. Smith (1815-1877), whoseHistory of the Church of Christ in Chronological Tablesis much admired for its conciseness, accuracy, and thoroughness; William H. Odenheimer (1817-1879), author ofThe Origin and Compilation of the Prayer Book; Philip Schaff (1819-1893), the author of a learnedHistory of the Christian ChurchandCreeds of Christendom, and editor of the English translation ofLange's Commentary; William G. T. Shedd (1820-1894), who, besides other works, wroteA History of Christian Doctrine; Charles Force Deems (1820-1893), who {607} wrote a work onThe Life of Christ; Henry Martyn Dexter (1821-1890), author of TheCongregationalism of the Last Three Hundred Years; George R. Crooks (1822-1897), who, besides other labors in the field of the classics, wroteThe Life of Bishop Matthew Simpson; Charles Porterfield Krauth (1823-1883), author ofThe Conservative Reformation and its Theology; Holland N. McTyeire (1824-1889), whose chief literary work wasThe History of Methodism; and John Gilmary Shea (1824-1892), who wrote many books on early American history connected with the Indians, one being aHistory of the French and Spanish Missions among the Indian Tribes of the United States.
John McClintock (1814-1870), the scholarly Methodist divine and first president of Drew Theological Seminary, left a monument to his name in the greatCyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literatureprojected by him and his colaborer, James Strong (1822-1894), who completed the herculean task and added yet other works, notably hisExhaustive Concordance of the Bible. Daniel Curry (1809-1887), the keen editor and debater, has a gathered sheaf of his various addresses inPlatform Papers. Austin Phelps (1820-1890) wroteThe Still HourandThe Theory of Preaching, which are fine specimens of his thoughtful work; and Phillips Brooks (1835-1893), the renowned preacher, leftSermonsandAddresses, which still breathe the earnest and catholic spirit of their cultured author.
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A Man's a Man for a' That, 220.Abbey, E. A., 146.Abbot, Ezra, 605.Abbot, George, 301.Abraham Lincoln, 502.Absalom and Ahitophel, 176.Acts and Monuments of these Latter and Perilous DaysTouching Matters of the Church, 300.Adam Bede, 278, 279.Adams and Liberty, 389.Adams, John, 375, 383.Adams, John Quincy, 406, 423.Adams, Samuel, 366, 367, 368.Adams, Sarah Flower, 304.Addison, Joseph, 151, 173, 174, 181, 184, 187-189, 249,276, 280, 283, 303, 359, 362, 409, 561, 571.Adeline, 289.Adonais, 260, 261.Adventures of Five Hours, 173.Adventures of Gil Blas, 209.Adventures of Philip, The, 275.Advice to a Young Tradesman, 362.Ae Fond Kiss, 217.Aella, 197.Aeneid, 49, 60, 65.Aeschylus, 259, 262.After-dinner Poem, 491.After the Funeral, 501.Age of Reason, The, 378-380, 389, 596.Age of Revelation, The, 596.Ages, The, 515.Agincourt, 98.Aids to Preaching and Hearing, 601.Aids to Reflection, 237.Ainsworth, Henry, 305.Akenside, Mark, 194.Alarm to Unconverted Sinners, 306.Alastor, 258, 260.Albion's England, 97.Alchemist, The, 122.Alcott, A. B., 435, 449, 450.Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 538, 574.Alexander and Campaspe, 103, 104.Alexander, Archibald, 600.Alexander, James Waddell, 601.Alexander, Joseph Addison, 602.Alexander's Feast, 176.Alford, Henry, 304, 313.Alfred the Great, 11, 13, 18, 60.Algerine Captive, The, 393.Algic Researches, 485.Alhambra, The, 408.All for Love, 168, 169.All Quiet Along the Potomac, 556.Alleine, Joseph, 306.Allen, Ethan. 378.All's Well that Ends Well, 114.Alnwick Castle, 417.Alsop, Richard, 382, 383.Althea, To, from Prison, 148.Amelia, 208.American, The, 586, 587.American Civil War, The, 555.American Conflict, The, 555.American Flag, The, 416.American Literature, Cyclopaedia of, 389, 407.American Monthly, The, 536.American Note Books, 437, 463, 465, 469, 482.American Scholar, The, 434, 449, 474.American Whig Review, 531.Ames, Fisher, 376, 377.Among My Books, 502.Amoretti, 94.Amyot, Jacques, 90.Analogy of Religion, 308.Anarchiad, The, 383.Anatomy of Melancholy, 136, 137, 349.Ancient Mariner, The, 227, 237, 238, 530.Ancren Riwle, 24.André, Major, 387.Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 15.Annabel Lee, 531.Annals of Philadelphia, 484.Annals of the American Pulpit, 602.Annotations on the Psalms, 305.Annotations upon the Bible, 306.Annas Mirabilis, 176.Antiquary, The, 248.Antony and Cleopatra, 116, 168.Anselm, 13.Antiphon, England's, 162.Apologia Ecclesiae Anglicanae, 300.Apologia pro Vita Sua, 312.Apology for the True Christian Divinity, 307.Araby's Daughter, 256.Arcadia, 83, 123.Areopagitica, 155, 337.Argument against Abolishing Christianity, 191.Ariosto, Ludovico, 70, 72, 100, 244, 263.Aristotle, 101, 134.Aristophanes, 120.Arkansaw Traveller, The, 564.Army Life in a Black Regiment, 559.Army of the Potomac, 555.Arnold, Matthew, 24, 28, 233, 490, 502, 515, 546.Arnold, Thomas, 236.Ars Poetica, 173.Art of Book Making, 403.Art of English Poesy, 88.Art Poetique, L', 173."Artemus Ward," 562, 565-569, 570.Arthur Mervyn, 394, 396.Arthur, King, 18, 20, 22, 24, 39, 57, 71, 157, 290,292. Death of, 23, 50, 52, 75, 292.Artificial Comedy of the Last Century, 171, 244.As You Like It, 82, 89, 114, 115.Ascham, Roger, 51, 61, 62, 68, 142.Associations, Remarks on, 431.Astronomical Discourses, 311.Astrophel and Stella, 85, 94.At Teague Poteet's, 582.Athenae Oxonienses, 348.Atlantic Monthly, The, 492, 501, 511-513, 558, 559,571, 575, 589.Atlantis, 536.Atonement, The, 604.Attempt to Show that America was Known to the Ancients, 596.Atterbury, Francis, 307.Auber, Harriet, 304.Auf Wiedersehen, 501.Augusta, Stanzas to, 255.Auld, Farmer's New Year's Morning Salutation tohis Auld Mare Maggie, The, 219.Auld Lang Syne, 219.Austen, Jane, 247.Authorship of the Fourth Gospel, The, 605.Autobiography, Franklin's, 347, 360, 362, 363,407.Autocrat of the Breakfast Table, 487, 493.Autumn, Longfellow's, 477.Autumn, Ode to, 263.Ayenbite of Inwyt, 24.Aylmer, John, 300.
Backus, Isaac, 596.Backwoodsman, The, 405.Bacon, Francis, 86, 91, 92, 108, 123, 136, 280, 283, 563.Bailey, Harry, 36.Bailey, Nathan, 197.Baird, Robert, 603.Balade of Dead Ladies, 25.Balcony, In a, 297.Bale, John, 299.Ballad of the Oysterman, 488.Ballads, English and Scottish, 75.Ballads, Longfellow's, 479.Ballou, Hosea, 600.Baltimore Saturday Visitor, 535.Balzac, Honore de, 584.Bampton, John, 308.Bancroft, George, 475, 495, 504, 505, 506.Bandello, 89.Bangs, Nathan, 599.Banished Cavaliers, The, 170.Baptists, History of New Englandwith Particular Reference to the, 596.Barbara Frietchie, 521.Barclay, Robert, 307.Bard, The, 176, 194, 201.Barlow, Joel, 378, 382, 383, 384-386.Barnaby Rudge, 529.Barnes, Albert, 602.Bascom, Henry B., 603.Baron's Wars, 97.Barrow, Isaac, 163, 305.Bartholomew Fair, 121, 165.Battle Field, The, 517,Battle Hymn of the Republic, 556.Battle of Hastings, 197.Battle of Otterbourne, 56.Battle of the Baltic, 249.Battle of the Kegs, 388.Baudelaire, Charles, 533.Baviad, 193, 223.Baxter, Richard, 136, 305.Bay Fight, The, 557.Bay Psalm Book, The, 337, 594.Beattie, James, 195, 198, 216, 386.Beaufort, Jane, 45.Beaumont, Francis, 94, 102, 110, 127, 128-133, 135, 171.Beauty, On, 70, 74.Beaux' Stratagem, The, 169, 392.Beckford, William, 394.Beddome, Benjamin, 303.Bedouin Song, 540.Beecher, Henry Ward, 545.Beecher, Lyman, 441, 545, 600.Beers, Ethel Lynn, 556.Beggar's Opera, 193.Behn, Mrs. Aphra, 170.Beleaguered City, The, 479, 483.Belfry of Bruges, The, 479, 481.Bellamy, Joseph, 597.Belle Dame Sans Merci, La, 263.Benson, Joseph, 310.Bentham, Jeremy, 285.Bentley, Richard, 163.Bentley's Miscellany, 269.Beowulf, 546.Beppo, 254.Bérénice, 169.Berkeley, George, 358, 403.Bethune, George W., 600.Beverley, Robert, 332.Beveridge, William, 306.Bible, Challoner's Version of the, 309.Bible, Eliot's Indian, 337.Bible, Genevan Version of the, 300.Bible, History of the, 308.Bible, Introduction to the Literary History of the, 310.Bible Not of Man, The, 600.Bible, Translations of the, 32, 33, 63, 301, 309, 596.Biblical Literature, Cyclopaedia of, 312, 607.Biblical Repository, The, 601.Biblical Researches, 602.Bibliotheca Sacra, 601.Biglow Papers, The, 496, 497, 499, 500, 523, 562."Bill Nye," 569.Bilson, Thomas, 301.Bingham, Joseph, 308.Biographia Literaria, 235, 236.Biographical History of Philosophy, 278.Biographical Sketches, De Quincey's, 240.Bishop Blougram's Apology, 296.Bishop, Orders his Tomb in St. Praxed's Church, The, 296.Black Cat, The, 532.Black Fox of Salmon River, The, 520.Blackwood's Magazine, 223, 224, 238, 278.Blair, Hugh, 309.Blair, James, 327, 595.Bleak House, 241, 268, 269, 270, 273, 280, 396.Bledsoe, Albert Taylor, 605.Blithedale Romance, The, 437, 468, 541, 591.Bloody Tenent of Persecution, The, 339.Bloody Tenent Washed, The, 339.Blot in the Scutcheon, A, 297.Blue and the Gray, The, 557.Boccaccio, Giovanni, 34, 36, 38, 43, 65, 67, 89, 178, 263.Bodmer, Johann J., 194.Boethius, 60.Boiardo, Matteo, 244.Boileau, Nicolas, 164, 173, 180, 183, 184, 225.Boke of the Duchesse, 35, 42.Boker, George H., 574.Bolingbroke, Lord, 182, 183, 299.Bonaparte, Historic Doubts Relative to Napoleon, 312.Bonar, Horatius, 304.Book of Common Prayer, 63, 154, 301, 302.Book of Martyrs, 179, 300, 348.Book of Psalms in English Verse, 602.Boston Courier, 496.Boston Port Bill, Observations on the, 369.Bostonians, The, 591.Boswell, James, 202, 205.Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich, 484.Boudinot, Elias, 596.Bourchlir, John, 51.Bowge of Courte, 52.Bowring, Sir John, 304.Boyle, Robert, 136, 163.Boys, John, 301.Boys, The, 489.Bracebridge Hall, 410, 412, 561.Bradford, William, 338, 342, 351, 353.Brady, Nicholas, 303.Brahma, 450, 455.Brainard, J. G. C., 519, 520, 544.Break, Break, Break, 291.Breckenridge, Robert J., 600.Brick Moon, The, 573.Bridal of Pennacook, 520, 523.Bride of Abydos, 250.Bride of Lammermoor, 248.Bridge, The, 481, 482.Bright, John, 522.Britannia's Pastorals, 94.British Churches, Antiquities of the, 306.British Empire in America, 332.Broadway Journal, 527.Broken Heart, The, 133, 413.Bronté, Charlotte, 267, 274.Brook, The, 290.Brooke, Arthur, 85.Brooks, Phillips, 607.Brother Jonathan, 512.Brougham, Henry, 223.Brown, Charles Brockden, 393-396.Brown, Mrs. Phoebe H., 604.Browne, Charles F., 564, 565-569.Browne, Sir Thomas, 90, 136, 137-139, 140, 144, 162,179, 341, 456.Browne, William, 94.Brownell, Henry Howard, 556, 557, 558.Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 215, 495.Browning, Robert, 259, 289, 290, 293-297, 522, 579.Brut d' Angleterre, 22.Bryant, William Cullen, 96, 400, 416, 477, 489,513-518, 527, 536Buccaneer, The, 429.Buchanan, Robert W., 547.Bugle Song, The, 291.Building of the Ship, The, 481.Bulkley, Peter, 346.Bulwer, Edward G., 512.Bund, Willis, 162.Bundle of Letters, A, 587.Bunyan, John, 31, 74, 179, 283, 305.Bürger, Gottfried A., 234, 246.Burgess, George, 602.Burke, Edmund, 203, 212, 224, 366, 377, 425.Burlington Hawkeye, The, 564.Burnet, Gilbert, 163, 307.Burnett, Mrs. Frances Hodgson, 585.Burns, Robert, 53, 212, 215-220, 232, 244, 256, 261, 284,488, 498, 519, 522.Burr, Aaron, 595.Burton, Robert, 136, 137, 243, 349, 409.Bush, George, 602.Bushnell, Horace, 442.Busybody Papers, 359, 380, 408.Butler, Alban, 309.Butler, Joseph, 308.Butler, Samuel, 165, 166, 381, 382.Butler, William Alken, 538.Byles, Mather, 597.Byrd, William, 331.Byrom, John, 303.Byron, George Gordon, 96, 193, 215, 222, 229, 231, 232,237, 242, 243, 249-256, 257, 258, 260, 262, 263, 386,406, 415.
Cable, George W., 582, 583.Caedmon, 546.Cain, 251.Calamy, Edward, 304.Caleb Williams, 394.Calhoun, John C., 370, 424, 425.Caliban upon Setebos, 294.Californian, The, 569.Call to the Unconverted, 305.Calvinistic Controversy, The, 599.Cambridge Thirty Years Ago, 475.Camilla's Alarum to Slumbering Euphues, 82.Campaign, The, 189.Campbell, Alexander, 600,Campbell, Thomas, 249, 391.Canterbury Tales, 28, 31, 36-41, 43, 46, 174.Cape Cod, 458.Capgrave, John, 18.Captain Singleton, 205.Capture of Fugitive Slaves, The, 498.Caractères, 92.Carew, Thomas, 146, 148, 149.Carlyle, Thomas, 202, 210, 216, 220, 225, 246, 248, 257,280, 283-288, 410, 427, 444, 448, 451, 453, 454, 499, 502.Cary, Alice, 542, 604.Cary, Phoebe, 542, 604.Cask of Amontillado, 532.Cassandra Southwick, 523.Castle of Indolence, 198.Castle of Otranto, 195, 248, 394.Casuistry of Roman Meals, 241.Catechism, Lectures on the Heidelberg, 600.Catechism, The Shorter, 302.Catechism, Lectures on the Shorter, 598.Cathedral, The, 503.Catiline, 117.Cato, 189.Catt, Jacob, 146.Catullus, 54, 60, 147, 174.Cavalier Tunes, 295.Caxton, William, 48, 49, 50, 52, 60.Cecil Dreeme, 559.Cenci, The, 258.Cennick, John, 303.Century Magazine, The, 511, 555, 575.Certain Condescension in Foreigners, On a, 499.Cervantes, M., 166, 209.Chalcondylas, Demetrius, 61.Chalkley, Thomas, 596.Challoner, Richard, 309.Chalmers, Thomas, 311.Chambered Nautilus, The, 490.Chance Acquaintance, A, 589, 590.Chances, The, 129.Channing, William Ellery, 396, 407, 429-432, 434, 440,442, 444, 452, 598.Channing, William E., Jr., 452, 457, 470.Channing, William H., 452.Chanson de Roland, 19, 70.Chapel of the Hermits, 522.Chapman, George, 95, 96, 97, 262.Character and Writings of John Milton, 431.Characteristics, Carlyle's, 284.Characters, Overbury's, 93.Charivari, 563.Charleston, 557.Charleston City Gazette, 536.Charleston Mercury, 557.Charnock, Stephen, 306.Chartism, 285.Chatterton, Thomas, 195, 196, 197, 198, 244.Chaucer, Geoffrey, 13, 28, 29, 33-46, 49, 50, 56,60, 65, 66, 67, 68, 95, 98, 174, 178, 195, 197,228, 263, 289, 501, 568.Chauncy, Charles, 595.Chauncy, Charles (President), 594, 595.Checks to Antinomianism, 310.Cheever, George B., 601.Cheke, Sir John, 61.Chesterfield, Lord, 183.Chevy Chase, 55, 56, 387.Childe Harold, 249, 253, 255.Children of Adam, 548.Chillingworth, William, 136, 304.Choate, Rufus, 428, 429.Christ, Divinity of, 308, 310.Christ, Life of, 607.Christ, Poems to, 27.Christabel, 235, 237, 238, 416, 530.Christian Advocate, The, 598.Christian Church, Antiquities of the, 308.Christian Church, History of the, 606.Christian Doctrine, History of, 606.Christian Examiner, 431.Christian Perfection, 309.Christian Psalmist, The, 304.Christian Religion, Evidences of the, 598.Christian Year, 145, 304.Christianity, A Practical View of, 311.Christianity and Positivism, 605.Christianity as Old as Creation, 308.Christianity, Evidences of, 600, 604.Christianity, History of, 312.Christmas Stories, 269."Christopher North", 223.Christ's Passion, 300.Christ's Victory and Triumph, 159.Chronicle of England, 18, 90, 97.Chronicles of Froissart, 51.Church and State, 237.Church History, Fuller's, 33, 348.Church History of Britain, 139.Church of Christ, History of the, in Chronological Tables, 606.Church of England, History of the Reformation of the, 307.Church of Scotland, History of the, 299.Church of Scotland, History of the Sufferings of the, 308.Churches, Doctrine of Instituted, 595.Cibber, Colley, 183.Cicero, 49, 60, 117.Circular Letter to each Colonial Legislature, 368.City in the Sea, The, 528.Civil Wars, History of the, 97, 324.Clannesse, 28.Clap, Thomas, 596.Clara Howard, 394.Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 163.Clari, 422.Claribel, 289.Clarissa Harlowe, 205, 206.Clark, Davis W., 605.Clarke, Adam, 310.Clarke, James Freeman, 451, 452, 606.Clarke, Samuel, 307.Clay, Henry, 424, 425.Clemens, Samuel L., 564, 569.Clerical Habits and Manners, Letters on, 600.Cleveland, Henry R., 476.Cleveland Plain Dealer, 564, 565.Clough, Arthur Hugh, 484.Clown, The, 92.Coke, Thomas, 310.Coleridge, Henry N., 235.Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 117, 118, 129, 138, 207, 210,219, 222, 225, 226, 227, 233, 234-238, 239, 240, 243,255, 282, 406, 415, 416, 444, 530.Colet, John, 61, 64.Colin Clout's Come Home Again, 69.Colleges, Religious Condition of, 596.Collier, Jeremy, 172.Collins, Anthony, 360.Collins, Wilkie, 529.Collins, William, 194, 199, 200, 201, 205, 211, 244.Colombe's Birthday, 297.Colonel, The, 121.Columbiad, The, 384, 386.Columbus, Life of, 408, 414.Comedies et Proverbes, 592.Comedy of Errors, 104, 113.Comic Almanac, Cruikshank's, 273.Comic Dramatists of the Restoration, 192, 283.Committee, The, 170.Common Sense, 377.Companions of Columbus, 408.Complaint of the Decay of Beggars in the Metropolis, A, 244.Complaints, 70.Compleat Angler, The, 142, 162.Complete Body of Divinity, 594.Comus, 22, 133, 150, 152, 160.Conant, Thomas J., 605.Concordance of the Bible, Exhaustive, 607.Concordance to the Scriptures, 309.Condensed Novels, 578.Conder, Josiah, 304.Conduct of Life, 453.Conduct of the Allies, 180.Confederate States of America, 555.Confessio Amantis, 41.Confession of Faith, Westminster, 302.Confessions of an English Opium Eater, 239.Confutation, of the Animadversions upon a Defense of aHumble Remonstrance against a Treatise, entitled OfReformation, A, 155.Congregationalists of the Last Three Hundred Years, The, 607.Congreve, William, 169, 183, 193.Connecticut Evangelical Magazine, 590.Connecticut Mirror, 519.Connection of the Old and New Testaments, 307.Conquest of Canaan, 386.Conquest of Granada, 168, 407, 408.Conquest of Mexico, 504.Conquest of Peru, 504.Conservative Reformation and its Theology, The, 607.Consolation, 601.Consolatione Philosophiae, De, 60.Conspiracy of Pontiac, The, 506.Constable, Henry, 94.Constitution and the Union, On the, 426.Constitution of the United States, 369, 373.Contentment, 423.Contrast, The, 393.Conversations on Some of the Old Poets, 501.Conversations on the Gospels, 449.Conybeare, William J., 312.Cooke, John Esten, 536.Cooper, James Fenimore, 391, 405, 407, 418-422, 429, 453,485, 507, 536, 583.Cooper's Hill, 174.Coral Grove, 544.Corinna, To, to Go a Maying, 148.Coriolanus, 116.Corneille, Pierre, 164, 167, 168.Corneille, Thomas, 169.Corsair, The, 250, 512.Cosin, John, 304.Cotter's Saturday Night, 216, 522.Cotton, John, 136, 339, 340, 346, 347.Counsels Civil and Moral, 91.Count Frontenac and New France, 507.Countess of Cumberland, Epistle to the, 98.Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89.Country Magistrate, The, 92.Country Wife, 169.Courier-Journal, 564.Court of Love, 42.Courtin', The, 499, 562.Courtly Poets from Raleigh to Montrose, The, 123.Courtship of Miles Standish, The, 344.Coverdale, Miles, 63.Cow Chase, The, 387.Cowley, Abraham, 143, 148, 164, 173, 175, 179, 354.Cowper, William, 96, 200, 212-215, 218, 232, 366, 522.Cox, Samuel Hanson, 603.Coxe, Arthur Cleveland, 604.Crabbe, George, 232.Cradle Song, The, 291.Cranch, Christopher P., 437, 452.Cranmer, Archbishop, 301, 302.Crashaw, Richard, 143, 148.Credibility of the Gospel History, 304.Creed, Exposition of the, 305.Creeds of Christendom, 606.Crime against Kansas, On the, 509.Crisis, The, 377.Critic, The, 172.Croaker Papers, The, 417.Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, 286.Crooks, George R., 607.Crosby, Howard, 605.Crowne, John, 168.Cruden, Alexander, 309.Cuckoo, To the, 229.Cuckow and the Nightingale, The, 42.Cudworth, Ralph, 305.Culprit Fay, The, 98, 416.Cumming, John, 313.Curse of Kehama, 238.Cursor Mundi, 24.Curtis, George William, 437, 574.Cymbeline, 22, 115, 199.Cynthia's Revels, 122.
Dairyman's Daughter, The, 310.Daisy Miller, 586, 587.Dame Siriz, 38.Dana, Charles A., 436, 452, 513.Dana, Richard H., 400, 429.Danbury News, 388, 564.Daniel Deronda, 280.Daniel, Samuel, 94, 97, 98, 324.Dante, 34, 36, 65, 74, 119, 242, 244, 286, 291, 294,295, 455, 478, 486, 501.Daphnaida, 70.Darby, William, 484.Davenant, Sir William, 164, 167, 172.Davenport, John, 595.David and Bethsabe, 106.David Copperfield, 269, 270.Davideis, The, 148.Davies, Samuel, 595, 604.Davis, Jefferson, 555.Davison, Francis, 94.Dawes, Rufus, 525.Day is Done, 481.Day of Doom, 355.Deacon Giles's Distillery, 601.Death and Dr. Hornbook, 218.Death of the Flowers, The, 515, 516.Death of Thomson, On the, 200.Decameron, 89.Declaration of Independence, 369.Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 212.Deems, Charles Force, 606.Deerslayer, The, 420, 422.Defense of Chimney-sweeps, 244.Defense of Poesy, 85.Defensio pro Populo Anglicano, 156.De Foe, Daniel, 181, 190, 205, 410, 533.Deistical Writers, View of the, 308.Deists, Short and Easy Method with the, 307.Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ, The Supreme, 595.Dejection near Naples, Stanzas Written in, 260.Delineation of Roman Catholicism, 606.Democratic Vistas, 551.Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, 308.Demosthenes, 508.Denham, Sir John, 174.Denominations in the United States, A Historyof Religious, 603.De Quincey, Thomas, 138, 222, 239-241, 282, 532, 567.Derby, George H., 564.Derby, Lord, 96.Descent into the Maelstrom, The, 533.Description of England, 97.Deserted Road, The, 542.Deserted Village, The, 211.Destruction of Jerusalem, 168.Dexter, Henry Martyn, 607.Dial, The, 434, 441, 450, 452.Dialogue between Franklin and the Gout, 362.Diamond Lens, 559.Diana Enamorada, 83.Diana, Hymn to, 123.Diary, Henry Crabb Robinson's, 241.Diary, Samuel Sewall's, 352, 353.Diary, Pepys's, 165, 171, 173, 352.Dickens, Charles, 241, 267-272, 273, 274, 276, 277, 278,280, 396, 415, 489, 512, 529, 562, 592.Dickinson, Jonathan, 595.Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers, 49.Dictionary of the English Language, Johnson's, 204.Diderot, Denis, 284.Difference between Absolute and Limited Monarchy, 48.Directions to Servants, 192.Dirge in Cymbeline, 199.Discoveries, Ben Jonson's, 105.Discovery of the Empire of Guiana, 86.Dividing Line, History of the, 331.Divina Commedia, 486.Divine Attributes, The, 306.Divine Emblems, 146, 354.Divine-Human in the Scriptures, The, 605.Divine Legation of Moses, 309.Divine Weeks and Works, 158, 354.Divinity, Complete Body of, 594.Doane, George W., 604.Doctrine of Instituted Churches, 595.Doddridge, Philip, 303, 308.Dolph Heyliger, 410.Domain of Arnheim, 533.Dombey and Son, 269.Don Juan, 254.Don Quixote, 166, 275,Donne, John, 142, 143-145, 173, 177, 354.Dora, 290.Dorchester Giant, The, 487Dou Coc et Werpil, 38.Dowie Dens of Yarrow, 56.Drake, James Rodman, 98, 416, 417, 418, 429.Dramatic Lyrics, 294.Dramatic Poets, Specimens of English, 243.Dramatis Personae, 294.Draper, J. W., 555.Drayton, Michael, 83, 94, 97, 98, 141, 324.Dream Children, 244.Dream Fugue, 532.Dream Life, 545.Dream of Fair Women, 289.Dream of the Unknown, A, 260.Dresser, The, 549.Drew, Samuel, 310.Drifting, 542.Driving Home the Cows, 556.Drum Taps, 551.Drummond, Henry, 313.Drummond, William, 94.Dryden, John, 38, 76, 128, 143, 149, 155, 164, 168, 169,170, 172, 174, 175, 176-179, 180, 183, 184, 186, 190,192, 193, 200, 212, 348, 349, 358.Du Bartas, Gillaume, 153, 158, 354.Duché, Jacob, 597.Duchess of Malfi, 134.Duff, Alexander, 312.Duffield, George, 604.Duke of Lerma, 168.Dunbar, William, 74.Dunciad, The, 182, 183, 184.Dunstan, Saint, 28.Dunster, Henry, 594.Durbin, John Price, 602.Dutchman's Fireside, The, 416.Duycinck, E. A., 318, 389, 407.Duycinck, G. L., 318, 389, 407.Dwight, John S., 437, 444.Dwight, Sereno, 358.Dwight, Theodore, 382, 383.Dwight, Timothy, 382, 386, 387, 452, 604.Dyer, John, 198, 201, 205.Dying Swan, The, 289.
Earle, John, 280.Early Spring in Massachusetts, 458.Eastward Hoe, 120.Easy and Ready Way to Establish a Commonwealth, An, 154.Ecce Homo, 313.Ecclesiastical Characteristics, 596.Ecclesiastical History of New England, 597.Ecclesiastical Polity, 90, 91.Echo, The, 383.Echo Club, The, 540.Eclipse of Faith, The, 312.Ecole des Femmes, 169.Edgar Huntley, 394, 396.Edgeworth, Maria, 248.Edinburgh Review, 223, 281, 284, 406.Edith Linsey, 537.Education of Nature, The, 516.Edward II., 105.Edward V. and Richard III., History of, 64.Edward VI., Prayer Books of, 301, 302.Edwards, Bela Bates, 601.Edwards, Jonathan, 355-358, 386, 430, 440, 442.Edwards, Jonathan, the Younger, 598.Edwin Morris, 290.Eggleston, Edward, 581.Elaine, 290.Eleanore, 289.Elegy on Thyrza, 255.Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady, 186.Elegy written in a Country Churchyard, 198, 200.Elevator, The, 393, 592.Elgin Marbles, On Seeing the, 262.Eliot, John, 337, 339, 594.Elliott, Charles, 606.Elliott, Charlotte, 304.Elliott, Jane, 59.Eloisa to Abelard, 186.Elsie Venner, 494.Emerson, Charles, 452.Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 138, 241, 427, 434, 435, 439, 440,441, 442, 443, 444-450, 451, 452, 453-457, 458, 459, 460,461, 470, 474, 481, 483, 495, 502, 512, 517, 525, 549.Emmons, Nathaniel, 598.Empress of Morocco, 168.Encouragements to a Lover, 149.Endicott's Red Cross, 343, 467.Endymion, 261, 263.England's Greatest Poets, An Account of, 174.England, History of, from the Accession of James II., 281, 283.England's Helicon, 94.England's Heroical Epistles, 97.English Bards and Scotch Reviewers, 193.English Note Book, 469.English Poetry, History of, 195.English Traits, 448, 456.Enid, 292.Ephemerae, 545.Epipsychidion, 260.Epilogue to Cato, 390.Episcopacy, 596, 597, 603.Episcopacy by Divine Right, 304.Episcopal Church in the United States, Memoir of the, 597.Epithalamion, 73, 74.Erasmus, Desiderius, 61.Errors of Hopkinsianism, 599.Essay on Criticism, 174.Essay on Dramatic Poesie, 168, 178.Essay on Man, 182.Essay on Poetry, 173.Essay on Satire, 173.Essay on Translated Verse, 174.Essays and Reviews, 311.Essays, Bacon's, 91, 92, 123.Essays, Cowley's, 148.Essays, Emerson's, 453.Essays of Elia, 243.Essex Gazette, 519.Eton College, Ode on a Distant Prospect of, 200.Eternal Goodness, The, 522.Ethan Brand, 466.Etherege, George, 169, 170, 171.Euganean Hills, Written in the, 260.Euphues and his England, 81.Euphues, the Anatomy of Wit, 80, 81, 82, 84, 89.Euphues's Censure to Philautus, 82.Euripides, 100.Europeans, The, 586.Evangeline, 483, 484.Evans, Mary Ann, 267.Eve of St. Agnes, 263.Evelyn Hope, 295.Evening Chronicle, 267.Evening Mirror, 527, 536, 537, 538.Evening Post, 417, 513, 518.Evening Wind, The, 515.Evening, Ode to, 199.Evening's Love, An, 169.Everett, Edward, 428, 429, 489, 495, 560.Evergreen, 59.Every Man in his Humor, 121, 122.Every Man out of his Humor, 121.Evolution, Religious Aspects of, 605.Examination of the Doctrine ofFuture Retribution, An, 600.Excelsior, 480.Excursion, The, 228, 231, 232.Excursions, Thoreau's, 458.Exiles in Bermuda, Song of the, 161.Eyes and Ears, 545.
F. Smith, 537.Faber, F. W., 304.Faber, George Stanley, 312.Fable for Critics, A, 451, 500, 503.Fable of the Bees, 360.Fables, Dryden's, 178.Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar, 529.Faerie Queene, 18, 51, 67, 70-73, 140, 179, 198, 263.Fair and Happy Milkmaid, 93.Fair Helen of Kirkconnell, 56.Fairbairn, Patrick, 312,Fairfax, Edward, 97.Faithful Shepherdess, 123, 133.Faits of Arms, 49.Fall of Robespierre, 225.Fall of the Bastile, 225,Fall of the House of Usher, 532.Falls of Princes, 43, 67.Familiar Letters upon Important Subjects in Religion, 595.Familists' Hymn, The, 343.Family Expositor, 308.Famous Victories of Henry V., 112.Fanshawe, 465.Farewell Address, 374.Farquhar, George, 169, 392.Fatima, 289.Faust, 105, 454, 500, 540.Faustus, Tragical History of Doctor, 105, 106, 118.Fay, Theodore S., 525.Federal Constitution, On the Expediency of Adopting the, 373.Federalist, The, 374.Feint Astrologue, Le, 169.Felix Holt, 278.Felton, Cornelius C., 476.Ferdinand and Isabella, 475, 504.Ferdinand Count Fathom, 209.Ferguson, Robert, 216.Festivals and Fasts, 599.Fichte, Johann G., 234, 440, 444.Fielding, Henry, 207, 208, 210, 212, 247, 274, 276, 410, 561.Filostrato, 36.Final Judgment, The, 356.Finch, Francis M., 557.Fingal, 195.Finley, Samuel, 595.Finney, Charles G., 601.Fire of Driftwood, 481.Fireside Travels, 475.First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regimentof Women, 300.First Epistle to Davie, 220.First Looking into Chapman's Homer, On, 97, 262.Fisher, John, 64.Fisk, Wilbur, 599.Fitz-Adam's Story, 490.Flavel, John, 306.Fleece, The, 198.Fletcher, Giles, 159.Fletcher, John, 94, 102, 107, 110, 113, 123, 127,128-133, 135, 153, 171.Fletcher, John (of Madeley), 310.Fletcher, Phineas, 143.Fleurs de Mal, 533.Fliegende Blätter, 563.Flint, Timothy, 405.Flood of Years, The, 517.Flower and the Leaf, The, 42.Folk Poetry, 54.Fontainé Amoureuse, La, 36.Footpath, The, 501.Footsteps of Angels, 479.Ford, John, 133, 135.Foregone Conclusion, A, 588.Foreign Review, The, 284.Foreknowledge of God, The, 605.Forest, The, 123.Forest Hymn, The, 514.Forsaken Bride, The, 56.Fortescue, Sir John, 48.Fortune of the Republic, 453, 454.Foster, Stephen C., 542, 543.Fountain, The, 229.Fouqué, Friedrich H. K., 284, 469.Fourberies de Scapin, 169.Fourier, J. P. J., 436.Fourth Gospel, Authorship of the, 605.Fox, Charles James, 366.Fox, George, 307.Fox, John, 179, 300, 148.Fox and the Wolf, The, 38.Fra Lippo Lippi, 296,France and England in North America, 506.France, Ode to, 225.Frankenstein, 394.Franklin, Benjamin, 243, 347, 358-363, 378, 380, 407, 408.Franklin's Tale, The, 38.Fraser's Magazine, 224, 273, 286.Frederick the Great, History of, 283, 286.Free Press, 519.Freedom, Ode to, 498.Freedom of the Will, 356, 605.Freeman's Oath, The, 337.French and Spanish Missions Among the Indian Tribesof the United States, 607.French Poets and Novelists, 586.French Revolution, The, 286._French Revolution, The, as it Appeared to Enthusiastsat its Commencement, 226.Freneau, Philip, 399-392.Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay, 107.Friends, 596.Friendship, Cicero on, 49.Froissart, Sir John, 35, 51.Froude, Richard H., 311.Fuller, Andrew, 310.Fuller, Sarah Margaret, 435, 436, 437, 438, 442, 444,450, 451, 452, 456, 471, 485.Fuller, Thomas, 33, 139, 140, 162, 243, 280, 304, 348, 358.Furness, William H., 603.
Gaboriau, Emile, 529.Galahad, Sir, 23, 292.Galaxy, The, 575.Galileo, 151.Gall, Franz J., 436.Garden of Cyrus, 137.Gardener's Daughter, The, 291.Garlands, 59.Garrick, David, 199, 203.Garrison of Cape Anne, The, 352.Garrison, William Lloyd, 424, 426, 507, 519, 520, 543.Gascoigne, George, 79.Gather ye Rosebuds while ye may, 148.Gawayne, Sir, 28.Gay, John, 185, 276.Gebir, 242.General Magazine and Historical Chronicle, The, 360.Genius and Writings of Pope, Essay on, 200.Gentlemen's Magazine, The, 526.Geoffrey of Monmouth, 21, 22, 23.Geographical Description of Louisiana, 484.Geography and History of the Mississippi Valley, 405."George Eliot," 92, 247, 267, 277-280, 584, 591.Georges, The Four, 270.Georgia Spec, The, 393.Georgics, 198.Gertrude of Wyoming, 249.Gerusalemme Liberata, 70, 73.Gettysburg Address, Lincoln's, 560.Ghost Ball at Congress Hall, The, 537.Giaour, The, 250.Gibbon, Edward, 212, 282.Gifford, William, 193, 223.Gillaume de Lorris, 36.Girdle, On a, 149.Girl Describes her Fawn, The, 161.Give Me the Old, 538.Glove, The, 295.Go, Lovely Rose, 149.Goddwyn, 197.Godey's Lady's Book, 511, 524.Godfrey, Thomas, 393.Godwin, William, 394.Goethe, Johann W., 105, 119, 196, 207, 225, 234, 246,272, 283, 284, 295, 455, 500, 540.Goetz Von Berlichingen, 246.Gold Bug, The, 529.Golden Legend, 49, 485.Golden Treasury of Songs and Lyrics, 123, 516.Goldsmith, Oliver, 163, 172, 203, 210, 211, 212, 247,276, 386, 414, 423.Gongora, 143Good, John Mason, 310.Good News from Virginia, 333.Good Schoolmaster, The, 92.Good Thoughts in Bad Times, 139, 162.Good Word for Winter, A, 502.Goodrich, S. G., 402, 406, 465.Goodwin, C. W., 311.Goody Blake and Harry Gill, 228.Gordobuc, 22, 68.Gospel Mysteries Opened, 306.Gospels for the Day, The, 24.Gosson, Stephen, 81.Governail of Princes, 42.Gower, John, 38, 41, 44, 49.Graham, James, 149, 150.Graham, Sylvester, 436.Graham's Monthly, 511, 524, 526, 529, 538.Grammarian's Funeral, The, 294.Grammont, Chevalier de, 171.Grandfather's Chair, 352.Grandissimes, The, 582.Grant, Sir Robert, 304.Grant, Ulysses S., 555.Gray, Thomas, 163, 176, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200,201, 205, 211, 244.Great Expectations, 270.Great Hoggarty Diamond, 273.Great Question Debated, The, 192.Greatest Thing in the World, The, 313.Grecian Urn, Ode on a, 262.Greek Literature, Brief Appraisal of the, 240.Greek New Testament, 313.Greeley, Horace, 437, 539, 555.Green, Ashbel, 598.Green Grow the Rashes O, 217.Green, John Richard, 126.Green River, 515.Greene, Albert Gordon, 423.Greene, Robert, 82, 89, 90, 103, 106, 107.Greenfield, Hill, 386.Grigg, Joseph, 303.Griselda, 46.Griswold, Rufus Wilmot, 389, 407, 538.Groat's Worth of Wit, 90.Grocyn, William, 61.Grongar Hill, 198.Guardian Angel, The, 494.Guest, Lady Charlotte, 292.Guinevere, 22, 23, 292, 293.Guizot, F. P. G., 373.Gulliver's Travels, 190, 192, 411.Guyon, Life and Religious Experience of Madame, 603.
Hackett, Horatio B., 605.Hail Columbia, 388, 389, 416.Hakluyt, Richard, 87.Hale, Edward Everett, 474, 529, 572-574.Hales, John, 136.Haliburton, Thomas C., 484.Hall, Joseph, 93, 177, 304.Hall, Robert, 310.Halleck, Fitz-Greene, 417, 418, 429, 536.Halpine, Charles G., 559.Hamilton, Alexander, 373, 374, 375, 377, 426, 595.Hamlet, 115, 116, 118, 222, 236, 297, 481.Hancock, John, 368.Handlyng Sinne, 24.Hannah Thurston, 541.Huns Breitmann Ballads, 581.Hans Pfaall, 529.Harbinger, The, 436, 437.Harbor for the Faithful and True Subjects, 300.Harman, Henry Martyn, 606.Harp of Tara, The, 256.Harpers' Monthly, 511, 512, 574, 575.Harris, Joel Chandler, 582.Harris, John, 312.Harrison, William, 97.Hart, Joseph, 303.Harte, Francis Bret, 569, 575-580.Harvard Commemoration, Ode Recited at the, 501.Harvey Gabriel, 68, 148.Harvey, William, 136.Hastings, Thomas, 604.Hasty Pudding, The, 385, 386.Haunted Palace, The, 531.Haverhill Gazette, 519.Hawes, Stephen, 52, 67.Hawks, Francis L., 603.Hawthorne, Julian, 468.Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 74, 279, 321, 334, 343, 352, 384,394, 435, 437, 451, 454, 463-470, 476, 482, 483, 484,494, 495, 511, 525, 532, 541, 554, 559, 561, 562, 583,584, 586, 591.Hay, John, 580.Hazlitt, William, 257.Heads of the People, 92.Health, A, 423.Heart of Midlothian, 248.Heathen Chinee, 578.Heavenly Beauty, On, 70, 74.Heavenly Love, On, 70, 74.Heber, Reginald, 304.Hebrew Poetry, 309.Hebrews, Commentary on the Epistle to the, 305.Hedge, F. H., 437.Heeren, Arnold H. L., 505.Heidelberg Catechism, Lectures on the, 600.Height of the Ridiculous, The, 487.Heine, Heinrich, 151, 256.Helen, To, 528.Hellenics, 242.Hemans, Mrs. Felicia D., 453, 544.Henry Esmond, 247, 275.Henry, Matthew, 307.Henry of Huntingdon, 17.Henry, Patrick, 366, 367, 368, 373.Henry IV., 111, 112.Henry V., 111.Henry VI., 110, 111, 112.Henry VIII., 77, 110, 111.Her Eyes Are Wild, 230.Herbert, George, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147.Herbert, Lord, of Cherbury, 136, 299.Hereford, Nicholas, 32.Hero and Leander, 95, 96.Heroes and Hero Worship, 280, 285, 453.Herrick, Robert, 143, 146-148, 162.Hervey, James, 309.Hesperides, 146, 162.Hiawatha, 391, 484.Higginson, Thomas W., 409, 437, 451, 559.Highland Girl, To a, 229.Highlands, Ode on the Superstitions of the, 194.Hillard, George S., 476,Hind and Panther, The, 178.Hirst, Henry B., 525.His Level Best, 572.Historia Britonum, 21.History, Carlyle on, 284, 286.Histrio-mastix: the Player's Scourge, 129.Hobart, John Henry, 599.Hobbes, Thomas, 136, 155, 163.Hodge, Archibald Alexander, 604.Hodge, Charles, 604.Hoffman, Charles Fenno, 538.Hoffman, Ernst T. W., 284.Hohenlinden, 249.Holinshed, Ralph, 90, 97.Holland, Josiah G., 575.Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 186, 293, 347, 423, 435, 436, 474,475, 486-495, 499, 512, 516, 525, 555, 559, 561, 562, 563.Holy and Profane State, The, 139.Holy Dying, 140, 141.Holy Fair, 218.Holy Ghost, The Temporal Mission of the, 313.Holy Living, 140.Holy Spirit, The, 305.Holy Spirit, The Office and Work of the, 305.Holy Tulzie, 218.Holy Willie's Prayer, 218.Home Journal, The, 537.Home, Sweet Home, 422.Homer, 70, 71, 72, 96, 108, 117, 119, 181, 183, 184, 244,262, 410, 484, 518.Homer and the Homeridae, 240.Homesick in Heaven, 490.Homiletics, 601.Hood, Thomas, 490, 562.Hooker, Richard, 90, 142.Hooker, Thomas, 346, 349, 351, 442.Hoosier Schoolmaster, The, 581.Hopkins, John, 302.Hopkins, John Henry, 603.Hopkins, Lemuel, 382, 383.Hopkins, Mark, 604.Hopkins, Samuel, 598.Hopkinson, Francis, 388.Hopkinson, Joseph, 388.Horace, 60, 65, 147, 173, 174, 183, 199.Horae Homileticae, 312.Horae Mosaicae, 312.Horae Paulinae, 309.Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland, 161.Horne, Thomas Hartwell, 312.Horse-Shoe Robinson, 535."Hosea Biglow," 565.Hous of Fame, 35, 36.House of the Seven Gables, 464, 468.How Sleep the Brave? 200.How to Keep a True Lent, 147.How we Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix, 290.Howard, Henry, 65, 66, 67.Howard, Robert, 168, 170.Howe, John, 305.Howe, Julia Ward, 556.Howells, William D., 393, 583-585, 588-592.Howson, John S., 312.Hudibras, 165, 166, 381.Hume, David, 282, 361.Humorists of the Last Century, The English, 192, 276.Humphrey Clinker, 209.Humphreys, David, 382, 383.Hundred Years of Methodism, A, 606.Hunt, Leigh, 92, 258.Hunter, William, 604.Hunting of the Cheviot, 56.Hurd, Richard, 195.Hydriotaphia, 138, 162.Hymn of the Moravian Nuns of Bethlehem, 477.Hymn on Completion of Concord Monument, 457.Hymns, American Writers of, 604.Hymns, English Writers of, 303, 304.Hymns, Village, 603.Hypatia, 247, 313.Hyperion, 261, 486.