XIV.
THE SKIPPERS. (Family—Hesperidæ.)
These curious little butterflies form a very natural group; in many respects, both of structure and habits, approaching the moths, and therefore placed at the end of the butterflies. They are of small size, but robust appearance, and not brightly coloured. Their flight is rapid, but of short continuance, and they seem toskipfrom flower to flower: hence their name. They are chiefly distinguished scientifically from other butterflies by the form of theantennæ, which are more or less hooked at the tip (see one magnified onPlate II. fig. 14), by the great width of the head, and the distance between the roots of theantennæ, by their moth-like habit of rolling up leaves for their habitation when caterpillars, and by spinning acocoonfor the chrysalis. The caterpillars are shaped as in fig. 11,Plate I.; the chrysalides, as in figs. 26 and 27. There areseven British species.
THE GRIZZLED SKIPPER. (Thymele Alveolus.)
(Plate XV. fig. 1.)
The ground colour of this smart little butterfly is very darkbrown, or black, with a greenish hueover it, and it is sharply marked with squarish spots ofcreamy white. Thefringeis alsochequered withthe same colours. Sexes similar in appearance.
Thecaterpillarfeeds on the wild Raspberry, also, it is said, onPotentilla alba, andP. anserina, and is greenish, with white lines.
Thebutterflyappears in May, and again in August, being double-brooded. It appears to be common in grassy wood-openings all over the country, extending also into the south of Scotland.
THE DINGY SKIPPER. (Thanaos Tages.)
(Plate XV. fig. 2.)
Certainly a rather "dingy" butterfly, its colour beingdull grey brown, with confused bands of darker brown; near the bordera row of whitish dots. Sexes similar.
Thecaterpillar(fig. 11,Plate I.) feeds on Bird's-foot Trefoil, and is pale green, with four yellow lines and rows of black dots.
Thechrysalisis shown at fig. 27,Plate I.
Thebutterflycomes out in May and August, being double-brooded, and is found on hill-sides, dry banks, old chalk pits, &c. generally throughout the country, though it is less common than the last. It is also met with frequently in Scotland.
XV.
THE CHEQUERED SKIPPER. (Steropes Paniscus.)
(Plate XV. fig. 3.)
Sexes similar. Wings chequered with brownish black, and tawny orange above; beneath, in addition to the above colours, there are on the hind wing several bright spots of pale buffdistinctly outlinedwith dark brown—having a much more ornamental effect than we generally meet with on the under surface in this family—the colouring on that side being usually faint andblurredso as to give a washed-out or wrong-sided appearance.
Thecaterpillaris brown, striped and "collared" with yellow; head black. It feeds on the Plantain, also on Dog's-tail Grass (Cynosurus cristatus).
Thebutterflyappears in June, but is very local—being either found plentifully in a place or not at all. It has occurred at Barnwell, and Ashton Wold, Northants; Kettering; Sywell Wood, near Northampton; near Peterborough; Clapham Park Wood, and Luton, Bedfordshire; Bourne, Lincolnshire; Monks Wood, Hunts; White Wood; Gamlingay, Cambridgeshire; Stowmarket; Milton; Rockingham Forest; Dartmoor; Netley Abbey; Charlbury, near Enstone, Oxon.
THE LULWORTH SKIPPER. (Pamphila Actæon.)
(Plate XV. fig. 4, Male; 4a, Female.)
This plainly-coloured little butterfly, prized by collectors for its rarity, has, in the male sex, great general resemblance to that of the next species—the commonP. Linea—butActæonmay be distinguished by having the wings clouded over nearly the whole surface withdull brown, having something of a greenish cast. Thefemaleis, however, very different from that ofLinea, having all the wings of uniform dingy brown, excepting a crescent-shaped row of tawny spots near the tip of the front wing, and a more or less distinct streak of the same colour near the centre.
The maleActæonis further distinguished from the female by the possession of a blackish streak near the centre of his front wing.
Beneath, the wings are clouded obscurely with tawny yellow and a dingy brownish tint, the yellow tinge predominating in the male.
Thecaterpillaris unknown.
Thebutterflyappears in July and August, but is so extremely limited in its local range that it is only to be met with, so far as is known, in three spots—all on the same line of coast—viz. Lulworth Cove, Dorsetshire; the "Burning Cliff," about five miles nearer Weymouth along the coast; and at Sidmouth, Devonshire. At the present time I believe the "Burning Cliff" is the locality where the insect is found in the greatest plenty. It is to be looked for on the rough broken ground covered with weeds that slopes down to the shore on this coast.
Mr. Humphreys states that in 1835 he saw it in great abundance at Shenstone, near Lichfield.
THE SMALL SKIPPER. (Pamphila Linea.)
(Plate XV. fig. 5, Male; 5a, Female.)
Upper side,uniform orange tawny colour, shaded into brown at the borders. Themale(fig. 5) has an oblique blackish line near the centre of the front wing; this is absent in the female (fig. 5a). The males of this butterfly very much resemble those of the last rare species (Actæon), but they may be distinguished by the middle part of the upper wing not being clouded with brown, as it is inActæon. Under side, two shades of tawny colour, butnot spotted.
Thecaterpillaris green, with four white lines, and feeds on grasses.
Thebutterflyappears in July, and is very common and widely distributed.
THE LARGE SKIPPER. (Pamphila Sylvanus.)
(Plate XV. fig. 6, Male; 6a, Female.)
Upper side, dark rich brown, shaded and spotted with tawny or fulvous tint. Themaleis known by adark-brown,burnt-looking streak near the centre of the front wings; the female being without this mark. Under side, greenish, withindistinctyellowish spots.
Thecaterpillaris green (darker on the back), and dotted with black; spotted with white underneath. It feeds on various grasses.
Thebutterflyappears in May, and again in August or the end of July; and is very common in almost every locality, frequenting grassy places in and near woods, road-sides, &c.
THE SILVER-SPOTTED SKIPPER. (Pamphila Comma.)
(Plate XV. fig. 7, Male; 7a, Female.)
This butterfly closely resembles the last, especially on the upper side; which is, however, more brightly and clearly marked. But the chief distinction is to be found on theunder side, which is marked, on a greenish ground, withclear-cut, square white spots. The male, as in the last species, is distinguished by the thin blackish bar placed obliquely on the front wing. The outline of this species also differs somewhat from that of the last, especially in the males. This difference will be better understood by comparing figs. 6 and 7 on the plate, than by description.
Thecaterpillaris dull-green and reddish, with a white collar, and spotted with white near the tail-end. It feeds on leguminous plants.
Thebutterflyappears in July and August, but is only found in a limited number of localities, and these chiefly in the southern counties; but where found at all, it is generally abundant. Among its localities are the following:—Croydon; Brighton; Lewes; Dover; Lyndhurst; Blandford; Plymouth; Old Sarum, Wiltshire; Barnwell and Ashton Wolds, Northamptonshire; Halton, Bucks; Newmarket; Gogmagog Park, Cambridge; Hull; Scarborough.
OnPlate XVI. are grouped together figures of six species of butterflies which are not admitted into our regular British lists, on account of the extreme rarity of their capture, or the fact of their not having been observed at all for several years past. They are allcommonspecies in various parts of the Continent, and some of them will probably occur again in this country.
Papilio Podalirius.—The SCARCE SWALLOW-TAILED Butterfly (fig. 1).—There is no reasonable doubt that several individuals of this elegant butterfly were formerly taken in various parts of the country, but no captures have occurred for many years past. The caterpillar, also, was more than once found in the New Forest District, Hampshire. Generally a common insect on the Continent.
XVI.
Parnassius Apollo.—The APOLLO Butterfly (fig. 2).—I have good reason for believing that a specimen of this splendid Alpine butterfly was captured in this country very lately, and it is not at all impossible that it may be some day found on our north country mountains, or those of the Lake District. It is a most beautiful insect, with its singular semi-transparent and partiallyglazedwings; the lower of which bear large eye-spots of crimson-scarlet.
Erebia Ligea.—The ARRAN BROWN Butterfly (fig. 3).—Of this species, greatly resembling ourE. Blandina, several specimens were formerly taken by some entomologists in the Isle of Arran, where, as also in other mountain districts, it may probably still exist; but its haunts have to be re-discovered by some enterprising butterfly-hunter.
FromBlandina, which it almost exactly resembles on the upper surface, it may be distinguished by the marking of the under side of the hind wing, on which is an irregular, broken band ofpure white, and between this and the margin a row ofthreedistinct black eye-spots.
Argynnis Dia.—WEAVER'S FRITILLARY.—This species is so nearly likeEuphrosyneorSelene, on the upper surface, that it readily might be, and perhapssometimes is, passed by as one of those common insects. Underneath it is chiefly recognised by the beautiful blush ofsilvery purplethat extends in a band across the middle of the hind wings, and more faintly tinges the front wings near the tip.
There is little reason to doubt that this insect was really taken by Mr. Richard Weaver at Sutton Park, near Tamworth; also by Mr. Stanley, near Alderley, in Cheshire.
Chrysophanus Chryseis.—The PURPLE-EDGED COPPER Butterfly.—As this species has been admitted by that very careful and accurate entomologist, Mr. Stainton, into his "Manual," I cannot refuse it a place here, though, from all the information I can gain, its only claim to the name of "British" rests on a tradition of its having been taken a long time ago in Ashdown Forest, Sussex; and since then, by adealer, in Epping Forest. It is a beautiful insect, coppery red, bordered with changeable purple, and I should be glad to see it fairly established in our lists.
Polyommatus Bæticus.—The LONG-TAILED BLUE.—This Butterfly has been long known, as asoutherninsect, with a very wide range of distribution, abounding in the south of Europe and thence extending into India, Java, &c. Then last year it was seen inGuernsey, and in August of the same year an individual was actually captured in this country, the scene of the event being somewhere on the chalk downs in the neighbourhood of Brighton, and the fortunate captor being Mr. McArthur, of that town. My friend and neighbour, Dr. Allchin, of Bayswater, was on the spot at the time, and saw the insect shortly after its capture.
Thebutterfly, which on the upper side has somewhat of the aspect of a female "Common Blue," will be at once recognised by itslong tail-like appendages to the hind wings. Beneath, its plan of colouring is totally distinct from that of any of our native "Blues" (Polyommati), being destitute of the numerous little eye-like spots, which are replaced by bands of fawn colour and white; but at the lower angle of the hind wings are two spots of glittering metallic green, reminding one, on a small scale, of the "eye" of a peacock's feather.
The habits of the insect are those of our Common Blues—skipping about over grassy places, and for a Common Blue it would on the wing be readily mistaken.
Collectors will in the coming season doubtless search the south coast district thoroughly, and many a Common Blue will be apprehended on suspicion.
Should our little friendBæticuscontinue his northward progress (as we have some reason to hope he may), we may find him regularly enrolled on the native lists, and gracing the ranks of that select little company entitled "Our British Butterflies."
REFERENCES TO PLATES.
PREPARATORY STATES AND DETAILS.
PLATE I.Fig.Caterpillars of—1. Swallow-tailed Butterfly.2. Brimstone B.3. Meadow-brown B.4. White Admiral.5. Purple Emperor.6. Peacock B.7. Silver-washed Fritillary.8. Duke of Burgundy Fritillary.9. Purple Hair-streak.10. Chalk-hill Blue B.11. Dingy Skipper.Chrysalides of—12. Swallow-tailed B.13. Brimstone B.14. Black-veined White B.15. Large Garden White B.16. Silver-washed Fritillary.17. Orange-tip B.18. Wood-white B.19. Marbled-white B.20. Meadow-brown B.21. White Admiral.22. Purple Emperor.23. Large Tortoiseshell B.24. Comma B.25. Duke of Burgundy Fritillary.26. Small Skipper B.27. Dingy Skipper B.28. Purple Hair-streak B.29. Chalk-hill Blue B.PLATE II.1. Egg of Garden White B.2. — Queen of Spain Fritillary.3. — Large Heath B.4. — Peacock B.5. — Large Tortoiseshell B.6. — Meadow-brown B.7. — Wood Argus.8. Head of Red Admiral B. magnified.9. Section of sucker of ditto, magnified.10. Papillæ on end of do. magnified.11. Portion of Eye of Butterfly, magnified.12. Antenna of Fritillary, magnified.13. — Swallow-tailed B. magnified.14. — Skipper B. magnified.15. Base of Antenna, magnified.16. Arrangement of Scales on Wing, magnified.17. Plumed Scale, magnified.18. Long form of ditto, magnified.19. Another form of ditto, magnified.20. — from Small White B. magnified.21. — from Orange-tip B. magnified.22. Battledore Scale from Blue B. magnified.23. Ordinary Scale from Garden White B. magnified.24. Ordinary Scale from Wood White, magnified.25. Ditto.26. Ordinary Scale from Brimstone B. magnified.27. Ditto.28. Ditto.29. Ordinary Scale from Common Blue B. magnified.30. Ditto.31. Ditto.32. Ordinary Scale from Small Tortoiseshell B. magnified.33. Ditto.34. Ditto.35. Ditto.36. Ordinary Scale from Chalk hill Blue B. magnified.37. Ordinary Scale from Apollo B. magnified.38. Form common to Vanessa genus magnified.BUTTERFLIES.PLATE III.Fig.1. Swallow-tail.2. Brimstone.3. Clouded Yellow, 3a, female.4. Pale Clouded Yellow.PLATE IV.1. Black-veined White.2. Large Garden White.3. Small Garden White.4. Green-veined White.5. Bath White.PLATE V.1. Orange Tip, 1a, female.2. Wood White.3. Marbled White.4. Wood Argus.5. Wall.6. Grayling.PLATE VI.1. Meadow Brown, 1a, female.2. Large Heath.3. Ringlet.4. Scotch Argus.5. Mountain Ringlet.6. Small Ringlet.7. Small Heath.PLATE VII.1. White Admiral.2. Purple Emperor.3. Painted Lady.PLATE VIII.1. Red Admiral.2. Peacock.3. Camberwell Beauty.PLATE IX.1. Large Tortoiseshell.2. Small Tortoiseshell.3. Comma.4. Silver-washed Fritillary, 4a, fem.PLATE X.1. Dark Green Fritillary.2. High-brown Fritillary.3. Queen of Spain Fritillary.4. Pearl-bordered Fritillary.PLATE XI.1. Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary.2. Glanville Fritillary.3. Pearl-bordered Likeness Fritillary.4. Greasy Fritillary.5. Duke of Burgundy Fritillary.PLATE XII.1. Brown Hair streak, 1a, female.2. Black Hair-streak.3. White Letter Hair-streak.4. Purple Hair-streak, 4a, female.5. Green Hair streak.PLATE XIII.1. Small Copper.2. Large Copper, 2a, female.3. Holly, or Azure Blue, 3a, female.4. Bedford Blue, 4a, female.5. Mazarine Blue, 5a, female.PLATE XIV.1. Large Blue.2. Chalk-hill Blue, 2a, female.3. Adonis Blue, 3a, female.4. Common Blue, 4a, female.5. Silver-studded Blue, 5a, female.6. Brown Argus.7. Artaxerxes Butterfly.PLATE XV.1. Grizzled Skipper.2. Dingy Skipper.3. Chequered Skipper.4. Lulworth Skipper, 4a, female.5. Small Skipper, 5a, female.6. Large Skipper, 6a, female.7. Silver-spotted Skipper, 7a, fem.PLATE XVI.1. Scarce Swallow-tail.2. Apollo.3. Arran Brown.4. Weaver's Fritillary.5. Purple-edged Copper.6. Tailed-Blue (P. Bœticus).
PLATE I.Fig.Caterpillars of—1. Swallow-tailed Butterfly.2. Brimstone B.3. Meadow-brown B.4. White Admiral.5. Purple Emperor.6. Peacock B.7. Silver-washed Fritillary.8. Duke of Burgundy Fritillary.9. Purple Hair-streak.10. Chalk-hill Blue B.11. Dingy Skipper.
PLATE I.
Fig.
Caterpillars of—
1. Swallow-tailed Butterfly.
2. Brimstone B.
3. Meadow-brown B.
4. White Admiral.
5. Purple Emperor.
6. Peacock B.
7. Silver-washed Fritillary.
8. Duke of Burgundy Fritillary.
9. Purple Hair-streak.
10. Chalk-hill Blue B.
11. Dingy Skipper.
Chrysalides of—12. Swallow-tailed B.13. Brimstone B.14. Black-veined White B.15. Large Garden White B.16. Silver-washed Fritillary.17. Orange-tip B.18. Wood-white B.19. Marbled-white B.20. Meadow-brown B.21. White Admiral.22. Purple Emperor.23. Large Tortoiseshell B.24. Comma B.25. Duke of Burgundy Fritillary.26. Small Skipper B.27. Dingy Skipper B.28. Purple Hair-streak B.29. Chalk-hill Blue B.
Chrysalides of—
12. Swallow-tailed B.
13. Brimstone B.
14. Black-veined White B.
15. Large Garden White B.
16. Silver-washed Fritillary.
17. Orange-tip B.
18. Wood-white B.
19. Marbled-white B.
20. Meadow-brown B.
21. White Admiral.
22. Purple Emperor.
23. Large Tortoiseshell B.
24. Comma B.
25. Duke of Burgundy Fritillary.
26. Small Skipper B.
27. Dingy Skipper B.
28. Purple Hair-streak B.
29. Chalk-hill Blue B.
PLATE II.1. Egg of Garden White B.2. — Queen of Spain Fritillary.3. — Large Heath B.4. — Peacock B.5. — Large Tortoiseshell B.6. — Meadow-brown B.7. — Wood Argus.8. Head of Red Admiral B. magnified.9. Section of sucker of ditto, magnified.10. Papillæ on end of do. magnified.11. Portion of Eye of Butterfly, magnified.12. Antenna of Fritillary, magnified.13. — Swallow-tailed B. magnified.14. — Skipper B. magnified.15. Base of Antenna, magnified.16. Arrangement of Scales on Wing, magnified.17. Plumed Scale, magnified.18. Long form of ditto, magnified.19. Another form of ditto, magnified.20. — from Small White B. magnified.21. — from Orange-tip B. magnified.22. Battledore Scale from Blue B. magnified.23. Ordinary Scale from Garden White B. magnified.24. Ordinary Scale from Wood White, magnified.25. Ditto.26. Ordinary Scale from Brimstone B. magnified.27. Ditto.28. Ditto.29. Ordinary Scale from Common Blue B. magnified.30. Ditto.31. Ditto.32. Ordinary Scale from Small Tortoiseshell B. magnified.33. Ditto.34. Ditto.35. Ditto.36. Ordinary Scale from Chalk hill Blue B. magnified.37. Ordinary Scale from Apollo B. magnified.38. Form common to Vanessa genus magnified.
PLATE II.
1. Egg of Garden White B.
2. — Queen of Spain Fritillary.
3. — Large Heath B.
4. — Peacock B.
5. — Large Tortoiseshell B.
6. — Meadow-brown B.
7. — Wood Argus.
8. Head of Red Admiral B. magnified.
9. Section of sucker of ditto, magnified.
10. Papillæ on end of do. magnified.
11. Portion of Eye of Butterfly, magnified.
12. Antenna of Fritillary, magnified.
13. — Swallow-tailed B. magnified.
14. — Skipper B. magnified.
15. Base of Antenna, magnified.
16. Arrangement of Scales on Wing, magnified.
17. Plumed Scale, magnified.
18. Long form of ditto, magnified.
19. Another form of ditto, magnified.
20. — from Small White B. magnified.
21. — from Orange-tip B. magnified.
22. Battledore Scale from Blue B. magnified.
23. Ordinary Scale from Garden White B. magnified.
24. Ordinary Scale from Wood White, magnified.
25. Ditto.
26. Ordinary Scale from Brimstone B. magnified.
27. Ditto.
28. Ditto.
29. Ordinary Scale from Common Blue B. magnified.
30. Ditto.
31. Ditto.
32. Ordinary Scale from Small Tortoiseshell B. magnified.
33. Ditto.
34. Ditto.
35. Ditto.
36. Ordinary Scale from Chalk hill Blue B. magnified.
37. Ordinary Scale from Apollo B. magnified.
38. Form common to Vanessa genus magnified.
BUTTERFLIES.
BUTTERFLIES.
PLATE III.Fig.1. Swallow-tail.2. Brimstone.3. Clouded Yellow, 3a, female.4. Pale Clouded Yellow.
PLATE III.
Fig.
1. Swallow-tail.
2. Brimstone.
3. Clouded Yellow, 3a, female.
4. Pale Clouded Yellow.
PLATE IV.1. Black-veined White.2. Large Garden White.3. Small Garden White.4. Green-veined White.5. Bath White.
PLATE IV.
1. Black-veined White.
2. Large Garden White.
3. Small Garden White.
4. Green-veined White.
5. Bath White.
PLATE V.1. Orange Tip, 1a, female.2. Wood White.3. Marbled White.4. Wood Argus.5. Wall.6. Grayling.
PLATE V.
1. Orange Tip, 1a, female.
2. Wood White.
3. Marbled White.
4. Wood Argus.
5. Wall.
6. Grayling.
PLATE VI.1. Meadow Brown, 1a, female.2. Large Heath.3. Ringlet.4. Scotch Argus.5. Mountain Ringlet.6. Small Ringlet.7. Small Heath.
PLATE VI.
1. Meadow Brown, 1a, female.
2. Large Heath.
3. Ringlet.
4. Scotch Argus.
5. Mountain Ringlet.
6. Small Ringlet.
7. Small Heath.
PLATE VII.1. White Admiral.2. Purple Emperor.3. Painted Lady.
PLATE VII.
1. White Admiral.
2. Purple Emperor.
3. Painted Lady.
PLATE VIII.1. Red Admiral.2. Peacock.3. Camberwell Beauty.
PLATE VIII.
1. Red Admiral.
2. Peacock.
3. Camberwell Beauty.
PLATE IX.1. Large Tortoiseshell.2. Small Tortoiseshell.3. Comma.4. Silver-washed Fritillary, 4a, fem.
PLATE IX.
1. Large Tortoiseshell.
2. Small Tortoiseshell.
3. Comma.
4. Silver-washed Fritillary, 4a, fem.
PLATE X.1. Dark Green Fritillary.2. High-brown Fritillary.3. Queen of Spain Fritillary.4. Pearl-bordered Fritillary.
PLATE X.
1. Dark Green Fritillary.
2. High-brown Fritillary.
3. Queen of Spain Fritillary.
4. Pearl-bordered Fritillary.
PLATE XI.1. Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary.2. Glanville Fritillary.3. Pearl-bordered Likeness Fritillary.4. Greasy Fritillary.5. Duke of Burgundy Fritillary.
PLATE XI.
1. Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary.
2. Glanville Fritillary.
3. Pearl-bordered Likeness Fritillary.
4. Greasy Fritillary.
5. Duke of Burgundy Fritillary.
PLATE XII.1. Brown Hair streak, 1a, female.2. Black Hair-streak.3. White Letter Hair-streak.4. Purple Hair-streak, 4a, female.5. Green Hair streak.
PLATE XII.
1. Brown Hair streak, 1a, female.
2. Black Hair-streak.
3. White Letter Hair-streak.
4. Purple Hair-streak, 4a, female.
5. Green Hair streak.
PLATE XIII.1. Small Copper.2. Large Copper, 2a, female.3. Holly, or Azure Blue, 3a, female.4. Bedford Blue, 4a, female.5. Mazarine Blue, 5a, female.
PLATE XIII.
1. Small Copper.
2. Large Copper, 2a, female.
3. Holly, or Azure Blue, 3a, female.
4. Bedford Blue, 4a, female.
5. Mazarine Blue, 5a, female.
PLATE XIV.1. Large Blue.2. Chalk-hill Blue, 2a, female.3. Adonis Blue, 3a, female.4. Common Blue, 4a, female.5. Silver-studded Blue, 5a, female.6. Brown Argus.7. Artaxerxes Butterfly.
PLATE XIV.
1. Large Blue.
2. Chalk-hill Blue, 2a, female.
3. Adonis Blue, 3a, female.
4. Common Blue, 4a, female.
5. Silver-studded Blue, 5a, female.
6. Brown Argus.
7. Artaxerxes Butterfly.
PLATE XV.1. Grizzled Skipper.2. Dingy Skipper.3. Chequered Skipper.4. Lulworth Skipper, 4a, female.5. Small Skipper, 5a, female.6. Large Skipper, 6a, female.7. Silver-spotted Skipper, 7a, fem.
PLATE XV.
1. Grizzled Skipper.
2. Dingy Skipper.
3. Chequered Skipper.
4. Lulworth Skipper, 4a, female.
5. Small Skipper, 5a, female.
6. Large Skipper, 6a, female.
7. Silver-spotted Skipper, 7a, fem.
PLATE XVI.1. Scarce Swallow-tail.2. Apollo.3. Arran Brown.4. Weaver's Fritillary.5. Purple-edged Copper.6. Tailed-Blue (P. Bœticus).
PLATE XVI.
1. Scarce Swallow-tail.
2. Apollo.
3. Arran Brown.
4. Weaver's Fritillary.
5. Purple-edged Copper.
6. Tailed-Blue (P. Bœticus).
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NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY.42/- Routledge's Illustrated Natural History.By the Rev.J. G. Wood, M.A. With more than 1500 Illustrations. 3 Vols., cloth. The Volumes are also sold separately, viz.: Mammalia, 14s.; Birds, 14s.; Reptiles, Fishes, and Insects, 14s.2/6 Wood's Illustrated Natural History.With Coloured Illustrations. In Half-Crown Monthly Parts, about 144 pages in each, and 3 full-page Plates, printed in the highest style of Chromo-Lithography. Commencing in July, 1888.28/- Routledge's Illustrated History of Man.Being an Account of the Manners and Customs of the Uncivilised Races of Men. By the Rev.J. G. Wood, M.A. With more than 600 Original Illustrations. Vol. I., Africa, 14s.; Vol. II., Australia, New Zealand, Polynesia, America, Asia, and Ancient Europe, 14s.15/- The New Illustrated Natural History.By the Rev.J. G. Wood. 1000 pages, with 500 Plates, super-royal 8vo, cloth.7/6 The Popular Natural History.By the Rev.J. G. Wood. With Hundreds of Illustrations, gilt edges.6/- An Illustrated Natural History.By the Rev.J. G. Wood. With 500 Illustrations byWilliam Harvey, and 8 full-page Plates byWolfandHarrison Weir. Post 8vo, cloth, gilt edges.7/6 A Picture Natural History.Adapted for Young Readers. By the Rev.J. G. Wood. With 700 Illustrations byWolf,Weir, etc. 4to, cloth, gilt edges.5/- The Illustrated Natural History for Young People.By the Rev.J. G. Wood. About 200 Illustrations. Fcap. 4to, cloth.3/6—— Boards.3/6 The Boy's Own Natural History.By the Rev.J. G. Wood. With 400 Illustrations, cloth.2/-—— Cheap Edition, cloth.3/6 Natural History of Selborne.Edited by the Rev.J. G. Wood. 200 Illustrations byHarvey.3/6 Natural History of Selborne.Edited by SirWm. Jardine, Bart. 80 Illustrations. (Cheap Edition, 2s.)3/6 Sketches in Natural History.82 Illustrations. Rev.J. C. Atkinson.3/6 Sketches and Anecdotes of Animal Life.Illustrations byHarrison Weir. Rev.J. G. Wood.3/6 The Common Objects of the Country.150 of the "Objects" drawn byColeman, printed in Colours. Rev.J. G. Wood.1/-—— Cheap Edition, with plain Plates.3/6 The Common Objects of the Sea Shore:with Hints for the Aquarium. Illustrations byG. B. Sowerby, printed in Colours. Rev.J. G. Wood.1/-—— Cheap Edition, with plain Plates.3/6 Animals, Wild and Tame.In Words of Easy Reading. With 200 Illustrations.Hazel Shepard.3/6 Birds and Fishes.In Words of Easy Reading. With 200 Illustrations.Hazel Shepard.2/6 A Country Book.Illustrated.Wm. Howitt.21/- The Poultry Book:The Breeding and Management of Profitable and Ornamental Poultry. 30 Coloured Plates byHarrison Weir. Large 8vo.W. B. Tegetmeier.2/- The Standard of Excellence in Exhibition Poultry.Ditto.3/6 Profitable Poultry Keeping.Illustrated.S. Beale.2/-—— Cheap Edition. Ditto.1/- The Poultry Yard.MissWatts.10/6 Pigeons.27 Coloured Plates byHarrison Weir.W. B. Tegetmeier.6d. Pigeons.E. S. Delamer.6/- About Robins: Songs, Facts, and Legends.Collected and Illustrated with Coloured Pictures.Lady Lindsay3/6 Chamber and Cage Birds.Illustrated. Revised byG. J. Barnesby.Dr. Bechstein.2/- Our Native Song Birds, Warblers, and Canaries.Illustrated.G. J. Barnesby.N.B.—The Section of this book on Canaries is sold separately, 1s.1/- Cage and Singing Birds.H. G. Adams.3/6 My Feathered Friends.Rev.J. G. Wood.3/6 Birds' Eggs and Nests.Coloured Plates. Rev.J. C. Atkinson.1/-—— Cheap Edition, plain Plates. Ditto.5/- Our Dogs and their Diseases.Illustrated.G. Heatley.1/6 Dogs: Their Management in Health and Disease.Ed. Mayhew.2/6 Dogs and their Ways.Rev.C. Williams.2/- Anecdotes of Dogs.Ditto.1/- The Domestic Cat.Dr.Gordon Stables.10/6 The Butterflies of Great Britain.Their Transformations, &c. 20 Coloured Plates.J. O. Westwood.3/6 Butterflies.200 Coloured Illustrations. Cloth, gilt edges.W. S. Coleman.1/-—— Plain Plates. Ditto.3/6 Common British Moths.100 Coloured Illustrations. Cloth, gilt edges. Rev.J. G. Wood.1/-—— Plain Plates. Ditto.3/6 British Beetles.100 Coloured Illustrations. Cloth, gilt edges. Rev.J. G. Wood.5/- British Entomology.Coloured Plates.Maria E. Catlow.5/- British Crustacea.20 pages of Coloured Illusts.Adam White.5/- The Aquarium.20 pages of Coloured Illusts.G. B. Sowerby.3/6 Fresh Water and Salt Water Aquarium.126 Coloured Illustrations. Cloth, gilt edges. Rev.J. G. Wood.3/6 Our Garden Friends and Foes.200 Illusts. Rev.J. G. Wood.3/6 Our Domestic Pets.Ditto.2/- The Rat:with Anecdotes.Uncle James.6d. Rabbits.Delamer.1/-and1/6. The Young Angler and Naturalist. Pigeons, Fowls, Rabbits, Silkworms, &c.Many Illustrations.6d. White's Natural History of Selborne.No Plates. Cloth.3d.—— Ditto. Paper covers.FLOWERS AND PLANTS.5/- Garden Botany.20 pages of Coloured Illusts.Agnes Catlow.5/- Greenhouse Botany.20 pages of Coloured Illusts. Ditto.3/6 Gardening at a Glance.Many Illustrations.George Glenny.2/-—— Cheaper Edition. Ditto.2/- Hardy Shrubs.Woodcuts and Coloured Plates.W. D. Prior.1/- Town Gardening:A Handbook of Trees, Shrubs, and Plants, suitable for Town Cultivation in the Out-door Garden, Window Garden, and Greenhouse.R. C. Ravenscroft.1/- The Kitchen Garden.Roots, Vegetables, Herbs, and Fruits.E. S. Delamer.1/- The Flower Garden.Bulbous, Tuberous, Fibrous, Rooted, and Shrubby Flowers.E. S. Delamer.3/6 The Kitchen Garden and The Flower Gardenin one volume, gilt edges.E. S. Delamer.1/- The Cottage Garden.How to Lay it out, and Cultivate it to Advantage.Andrew Meikle.3/6 Roses, and How to Grow Them.Coloured Plates.W. D. Prior.1/6—— Cheaper Edition. Ditto.3/6 Wild Flowers:Where to Find, and How to Know Them, with 12 Coloured Plates byNoel Humphreys, and many Woodcuts. Dr.S. Thomson.2/-—— Plain Plates. Ditto.3/6 Haunts of the Wild Flowers.Coloured Plates and many Woodcuts.Anne Pratt.3/6 Woodlands, Heaths, and Hedges.Many Coloured Plates.W. S. Coleman.1/-—— Plain Plates. Ditto.5/- History of British Ferns.22 pages of Coloured Illusts.T. Moore.3/6 British Ferns and their Allies—the Club-Mosses, Pepperworts, and Horsetails. Coloured Plates byColeman.T. Moore.1/-—— Cheaper Edition. Coloured Plates. Ditto.5/- Profitable Plants:used for Food, Clothing, Medicine, etc. 20 pages of Coloured Illustrations.T. C. Archer.5/- Palms and their Allies.20 pages of Coloured Illustrations. Dr.B. Seemann.5/- British Mosses.20 pages of Coloured Illustrations.R. Stark.3/6 The Family Doctor.500 Illustrations, comprising all the Medicinal Plants.
42/- Routledge's Illustrated Natural History.By the Rev.J. G. Wood, M.A. With more than 1500 Illustrations. 3 Vols., cloth. The Volumes are also sold separately, viz.: Mammalia, 14s.; Birds, 14s.; Reptiles, Fishes, and Insects, 14s.
2/6 Wood's Illustrated Natural History.With Coloured Illustrations. In Half-Crown Monthly Parts, about 144 pages in each, and 3 full-page Plates, printed in the highest style of Chromo-Lithography. Commencing in July, 1888.
28/- Routledge's Illustrated History of Man.Being an Account of the Manners and Customs of the Uncivilised Races of Men. By the Rev.J. G. Wood, M.A. With more than 600 Original Illustrations. Vol. I., Africa, 14s.; Vol. II., Australia, New Zealand, Polynesia, America, Asia, and Ancient Europe, 14s.
15/- The New Illustrated Natural History.By the Rev.J. G. Wood. 1000 pages, with 500 Plates, super-royal 8vo, cloth.
7/6 The Popular Natural History.By the Rev.J. G. Wood. With Hundreds of Illustrations, gilt edges.
6/- An Illustrated Natural History.By the Rev.J. G. Wood. With 500 Illustrations byWilliam Harvey, and 8 full-page Plates byWolfandHarrison Weir. Post 8vo, cloth, gilt edges.
7/6 A Picture Natural History.Adapted for Young Readers. By the Rev.J. G. Wood. With 700 Illustrations byWolf,Weir, etc. 4to, cloth, gilt edges.
5/- The Illustrated Natural History for Young People.By the Rev.J. G. Wood. About 200 Illustrations. Fcap. 4to, cloth.
3/6—— Boards.
3/6 The Boy's Own Natural History.By the Rev.J. G. Wood. With 400 Illustrations, cloth.
2/-—— Cheap Edition, cloth.
3/6 Natural History of Selborne.Edited by the Rev.J. G. Wood. 200 Illustrations byHarvey.
3/6 Natural History of Selborne.Edited by SirWm. Jardine, Bart. 80 Illustrations. (Cheap Edition, 2s.)
3/6 Sketches in Natural History.82 Illustrations. Rev.J. C. Atkinson.
3/6 Sketches and Anecdotes of Animal Life.Illustrations byHarrison Weir. Rev.J. G. Wood.
3/6 The Common Objects of the Country.150 of the "Objects" drawn byColeman, printed in Colours. Rev.J. G. Wood.
1/-—— Cheap Edition, with plain Plates.
3/6 The Common Objects of the Sea Shore:with Hints for the Aquarium. Illustrations byG. B. Sowerby, printed in Colours. Rev.J. G. Wood.
1/-—— Cheap Edition, with plain Plates.
3/6 Animals, Wild and Tame.In Words of Easy Reading. With 200 Illustrations.Hazel Shepard.
3/6 Birds and Fishes.In Words of Easy Reading. With 200 Illustrations.Hazel Shepard.
2/6 A Country Book.Illustrated.Wm. Howitt.
21/- The Poultry Book:The Breeding and Management of Profitable and Ornamental Poultry. 30 Coloured Plates byHarrison Weir. Large 8vo.W. B. Tegetmeier.
2/- The Standard of Excellence in Exhibition Poultry.Ditto.
3/6 Profitable Poultry Keeping.Illustrated.S. Beale.
2/-—— Cheap Edition. Ditto.
1/- The Poultry Yard.MissWatts.
10/6 Pigeons.27 Coloured Plates byHarrison Weir.W. B. Tegetmeier.
6d. Pigeons.E. S. Delamer.
6/- About Robins: Songs, Facts, and Legends.Collected and Illustrated with Coloured Pictures.Lady Lindsay
3/6 Chamber and Cage Birds.Illustrated. Revised byG. J. Barnesby.Dr. Bechstein.
2/- Our Native Song Birds, Warblers, and Canaries.Illustrated.G. J. Barnesby.
N.B.—The Section of this book on Canaries is sold separately, 1s.
1/- Cage and Singing Birds.H. G. Adams.
3/6 My Feathered Friends.Rev.J. G. Wood.
3/6 Birds' Eggs and Nests.Coloured Plates. Rev.J. C. Atkinson.
1/-—— Cheap Edition, plain Plates. Ditto.
5/- Our Dogs and their Diseases.Illustrated.G. Heatley.
1/6 Dogs: Their Management in Health and Disease.Ed. Mayhew.
2/6 Dogs and their Ways.Rev.C. Williams.
2/- Anecdotes of Dogs.Ditto.
1/- The Domestic Cat.Dr.Gordon Stables.
10/6 The Butterflies of Great Britain.Their Transformations, &c. 20 Coloured Plates.J. O. Westwood.
3/6 Butterflies.200 Coloured Illustrations. Cloth, gilt edges.W. S. Coleman.
1/-—— Plain Plates. Ditto.
3/6 Common British Moths.100 Coloured Illustrations. Cloth, gilt edges. Rev.J. G. Wood.
1/-—— Plain Plates. Ditto.
3/6 British Beetles.100 Coloured Illustrations. Cloth, gilt edges. Rev.J. G. Wood.
5/- British Entomology.Coloured Plates.Maria E. Catlow.
5/- British Crustacea.20 pages of Coloured Illusts.Adam White.
5/- The Aquarium.20 pages of Coloured Illusts.G. B. Sowerby.
3/6 Fresh Water and Salt Water Aquarium.126 Coloured Illustrations. Cloth, gilt edges. Rev.J. G. Wood.
3/6 Our Garden Friends and Foes.200 Illusts. Rev.J. G. Wood.
3/6 Our Domestic Pets.Ditto.
2/- The Rat:with Anecdotes.Uncle James.
6d. Rabbits.Delamer.
1/-and1/6. The Young Angler and Naturalist. Pigeons, Fowls, Rabbits, Silkworms, &c.Many Illustrations.
6d. White's Natural History of Selborne.No Plates. Cloth.
3d.—— Ditto. Paper covers.
5/- Garden Botany.20 pages of Coloured Illusts.Agnes Catlow.
5/- Greenhouse Botany.20 pages of Coloured Illusts. Ditto.
3/6 Gardening at a Glance.Many Illustrations.George Glenny.
2/-—— Cheaper Edition. Ditto.
2/- Hardy Shrubs.Woodcuts and Coloured Plates.W. D. Prior.
1/- Town Gardening:A Handbook of Trees, Shrubs, and Plants, suitable for Town Cultivation in the Out-door Garden, Window Garden, and Greenhouse.R. C. Ravenscroft.
1/- The Kitchen Garden.Roots, Vegetables, Herbs, and Fruits.E. S. Delamer.
1/- The Flower Garden.Bulbous, Tuberous, Fibrous, Rooted, and Shrubby Flowers.E. S. Delamer.
3/6 The Kitchen Garden and The Flower Gardenin one volume, gilt edges.E. S. Delamer.
1/- The Cottage Garden.How to Lay it out, and Cultivate it to Advantage.Andrew Meikle.
3/6 Roses, and How to Grow Them.Coloured Plates.W. D. Prior.
1/6—— Cheaper Edition. Ditto.
3/6 Wild Flowers:Where to Find, and How to Know Them, with 12 Coloured Plates byNoel Humphreys, and many Woodcuts. Dr.S. Thomson.
2/-—— Plain Plates. Ditto.
3/6 Haunts of the Wild Flowers.Coloured Plates and many Woodcuts.Anne Pratt.
3/6 Woodlands, Heaths, and Hedges.Many Coloured Plates.W. S. Coleman.
1/-—— Plain Plates. Ditto.
5/- History of British Ferns.22 pages of Coloured Illusts.T. Moore.
3/6 British Ferns and their Allies—the Club-Mosses, Pepperworts, and Horsetails. Coloured Plates byColeman.T. Moore.
1/-—— Cheaper Edition. Coloured Plates. Ditto.
5/- Profitable Plants:used for Food, Clothing, Medicine, etc. 20 pages of Coloured Illustrations.T. C. Archer.
5/- Palms and their Allies.20 pages of Coloured Illustrations. Dr.B. Seemann.
5/- British Mosses.20 pages of Coloured Illustrations.R. Stark.
3/6 The Family Doctor.500 Illustrations, comprising all the Medicinal Plants.
For Books on Potato, Apple, Asparagus, Mushroom, Fruit, Grape, Flax, see "Agriculture and Farming," page 41.