AAbingdon, monastery of,176,193-313Adam of Bremen cited,14,35n.,154,161,185,193,194,272,273,325et passimAdémar de Chabannes cited,165n.,264,265Agdir, district in southern Norway,238Alain, Duke of Brittany,254Aldgyth, wife of Edmund Ironside,71,125Alfiva,316-318;seeElgivaAlfred, King of England,23,24,45,79,85,105,126,158,181,338-340Alfred, son of Ethelred,53,127,253-256,335Alfric, Archbishop of York,312,344Alfric, Bishop,333Alfric, English ealdorman,95Alfric, ealdorman, and naval commander,27n.Alfric, old English author,291,296Algar, English magnate,88Ali, housecarle,135Almar Darling, English magnate,88Alphabet, runic,299,300Alphege, Archbishop,29,44,147,172,173,176Alstad Stone, the,302America, discovery of,17and n.Andover,29Anglo-Saxon Chroniclecited,27,29,79,80,92n.,128,211,215,220,221,232,297,310,334-339et passimAnglo-Saxon kingdom,16,21-24,58,84,85Anglo-Saxon legal system, the,281Anglo-Saxon literature,296,297Anses, the, old Northern divinities,163,182,183,198,309Anund Jacob, King of Sweden,207,208,213,216-220,225Aquitaine,74,264,265,298Arne, Norwegian magnate,200,245Arngrim, magnate in the Danelaw,70Arnungs, Norwegian noble family,199,200,245Art, Celtic and Northern,301ff.Asbjörn, Norwegian warrior,199,200Ashington, battle of,89,93-96,99-101,109,115,117,294;dedication at,111,169,296Asia Minor,266Aslak Erlingsson, Norwegian chieftain,207Attila,293Avon River,191Aylesford,92BBamberg,320Bark-isle,200Barwick, Swedish harbour,218Benedict, Pope,270Beowulf,36,292Bergen,17Bergljot, sister of Earl Erik,69Bernhard, Bishop in Norway,193Bernhard, Bishop in Scania,190Bernicia, old English kingdom,140Bersi, Norse traveller,304Bessin, the, district in Normandy,19n.Birca, old Swedish town,286Bison, the, St. Olaf's longship,213Bjarkamál, old Norse poem,292Bjarne, scald,247Bjor, warrior,237Björn, King Olaf's spokesman,304Bleking, district in modern Sweden,218Bohemia,153Boleslav, Duke and King of Poland,31,126,160,268Books, old English,296,297Brage, old Norse divinity,187Bremen,55,160,190,271-273,325Brenn-isles, the, agreement of,336Brentford, skirmish at,90,101Bristol,287British Isles, the, Scandinavians in,16,17;commerce of,287;inscriptions in,301Brittany,62,254,330Bruges,336,337Brunhild, saga heroine,293Buckinghamshire,79Bugge, Alexander, Norse historian, cited,17n.,18n.,33n.,195Bugge, Sophus, Norse philologist, cited,183n.Burgundy,227,228,264Burhwold, Bishop,176Byrhtnoth, ealdorman of Essex,26n.,296Byzantium,22,149CCaithness,18Canonisation, of St. Dunstan,312;of St. Olaf,312,315ff.Canterbury, city and see of,27,44,165,166,172,174,176,190,194,211,272;siege of,44Canute the Great, King of England, Denmark, and Norway:inheritance of,2,3;ancestry of,4,15,56,262,327;fostered by Thurkil the Tall,32,76,116,117,241;joins in King Sweyn's attack on England,46,49;in charge of the camp at Garris-borough,50;succeeds to the English pretensions of Sweyn,54,58,60,61;is driven out of England,63,64;renews the attack,16,22,66,68,72ff.,304;methods of warfare of,76;marches into northern England,78ff.,85;is recognised as king in the south,86;lays siege to London,86ff.;pillages Mercia and East Anglia,91,93;wins the victory at Ashington,94;treats with Edmund Ironside,96-99;is recognised as king of all England,104ff.,116,296,327;difficulties of, in 1016 and 1017,92,93,107,108;early English policy of,108;chief counsellors of,110ff.,120ff.,150,151;royal residence of,112,261;rewards his Scandinavian followers,113ff.;re-organises the English earldoms,114ff.,136;attempts to establish a new aristocracy in England,121,122;shows his preference for Northmen and distrust ofthe Saxons,122ff.,146,151;executes rebellious nobles,122-125,327;sends Edmund's sons to Poland,125,126,327;marries Queen Emma,38,127-129,332;organises his guard of housecarles,130-135;suppresses piracy on the English shores,135,136;develops new policy of reconciliation,137ff.;becomes king of Denmark,138ff.,267;issues Proclamation of 1020,110,111,142-146,168,341-344;has difficulties with Scotland,139-142,329;agrees to the cession of Lothian,141;journeys to Denmark of,142ff.,167,168,175,207,214ff.,229,243;exiles Thurkil the Tall,117,118,146,147;extent of empire of,152,205,206,233,234,258,259,344;makes an expedition to Wendland,157ff.,202,203,211,267;Slavic possessions of,158,258,260;enters into alliance with the Emperor,160,161,267,268,273,310,320,324;acquires the Mark of Sleswick,160,161,268,269;ecclesiastical policy of,162ff.,274ff.,311,312,326;legislation of,164,274ff.,311,312,342,343;baptism of,164,165,324;benefactions of,168ff.,174ff.,226ff.,312,313,321,325;consecrates church at Ashington,169;rebuilds the shrine of St. Edmund's,169,170;honours the English saints,171ff.,312;translates the relics of St. Alphege,172,173;provides bishops for the Danish church,190,191,195;enters into relations with the see of Hamburg-Bremen,191,271ff.;plans to seize Norway,103,194,203;conspires with the Norwegian rebels,202,203,207,225,249;sends an embassy to King Olaf,203ff.,254;Scotch possessions of,205,206;diplomacy of,206ff.,219,220,256,264ff.;sends an embassy to Sweden,208;bribes the Norse leaders,209,210,234-236,304,326;makes war on Norway and Sweden,175,214,216ff.,294;trapped at Holy River,217,218;orders the murder of Ulf,221-223;loves dice and chess,223;atones for the murder,223ff.;makes a pilgrimage to Rome,210,221,224ff.,233,265,269,270,294,344;assists at the imperial coronation,227,269;presents complaints at the Lateran synod,228,229,345,346;Charter of,228-230,344ff.;honoured by Pope and Emperor,229,230,345;conquers Norway,231ff.,269,294;receives the submission of the Scotch king,232-234;submission of the Norsemen to,238ff.,311;chosen king at the Ere-thing,239,240;holds an imperial assembly at Nidaros,240-242;announces his imperial policy,240ff.,259-261,331,332;secures the allegiance of the Norse chiefs,242ff.;returns to Denmark and England,243,244,255;gives the leadership in Norway to Kalf Arnesson,246,247;plans to depose Earl Hakon,247,248;relations with Normandy,253,254,265,266;is Emperor of the North,255ff.;position in Europe of,257;vassal states of,259;appoints Harthacanute his successor,260;court and household of,261-263;official appointments of,263,264;continental relations of,264ff.;sends embassies to Aquitaine,264,265;forms an alliance with the Church,269ff.;relations of, with papacy,270,324;episcopal appointments of,270,271,274,312;is friendly to the archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen,272-274;is hostile toward heathen practices,274-276;provides for Christian education,275,276;secular laws of,276-278;reputation of, as a lawgiver,279,280;financial legislation of,277,278,283;Norse legislation of,280,282-284;provides coinage for Denmark,282;patronises scalds and copyists,293-298;is interested in material improvements,313,314;loses Norway to Magnus Olafsson,260,263,310,314,315,319ff.;probable plans of (1035),320;last illness and death of,311,320,321,331;children of,321;personality of,321-323;character of,324ff.;legends about,133,325;English (ecclesiastical) view of,325,326;Norse (scaldic) view of,326-327;as ruler and statesman,327ff.;plans of, for the future of his empire,331ff.;other mention of,81,100,119,120,181,281,282,289,292-294,302,306,319,329,339et passimCanute's Praise, the,109,294Carham, battle of,141,151,233Celts, influence of, in old Northern culture,291,292,301,307Chabannes, Adémar de,seeAdémarCharlemagne,153,331Charter, Canute's,152,168,228ff.,344-347Chartres,227Chess games,222,223Chester,25Christiania Firth,3,287Christianity, introduced into Denmark,7,8;introduced into Norway,29,103;progress of, in the North,162,163,180,192,198,201,271,308,309;Celtic,185;influence of, on old Northern poetry and art,293,302,303Church, English, relations of, with Canute,162,165ff.,274ff.;Canute's message to,168,224,228ff.,344ff.;legislation for,274ff.Church dues,191,192,228,230,270,276,347Cirencester,144Cities, Scandinavian,286,287Clontarf, battle of,60,61,233,294Coinage,