61,95Lister, district in Norway,238"Lithsmen's Song," the, old Norse poem,87,91Lithuanians,153Lombardy,268London, resists the Danes,51,52,83;thingmen in,53,66,67;sieges of,62,86ff.,93,135;held by Canute,97-99,105;opposes translation of St. Alphege,172,173;supports Harold Harefoot,334;accepts Edward,339London Bridge broken by Olaf the Stout,51Long Serpent, the, Olaf Trygvesson's longship,35,305,306Longships,seeShipsLorraine,226,261,268Lothian, ceded to the Scotch,139-142,151,233,258Louis the Pious, Emperor,163Lund, Scanian see,282MMacbeth,233,234Maelar, Lake,286Mælbeathe, Canute's vassal,232,233Magnus Olafsson, King of Norway and Denmark,98,99,319,320,334,336,338-340Malcolm, King of Scotland,139,141,232-234Maldon, battle of,26,296Malmesbury,71,88Malmesbury, William of,seeWilliamMan, Isle of,18,309Manna, Sweyn's housecarle,135Marriage in Canute's day,277;laws relating to,281,282Matthew Paris, English chronicler, cited,314Medway River,91Mercia, old English kingdom,24,70,71,79,83,91,97,102,115,118,120,122-124,150,334,336Merseburg, Thietmar of,seeThietmarMidlands, the,50,83,89,151Mieczislav, Duke of Poland,33Mieczislav, King of Poland,126,160Mints,282Miracles attributed to St. Olaf,252,315Mistiwi,14Monasticism, in Denmark,191;in Norway,317Moneyers in Denmark,282Moray Firth,233Morcar, magnate in the Danelaw,70Munch, P.A., Norse historian, cited,13,30n.,109n.,233,234"Murdrum fine,"279,280NNaples, Northmen in,328Navarre,264Navy, English,27,42Naze, the,10,35,199,239,243Nesses, the, battle of,80,81,102,201New Minster, Winchester,175Niard,187;seeNjordNid River,238,239Nidaros, capital of Norway,102,103,237,239,250,259,260,283,287,312,315,317,332,333"Nithing name,"281Njord,308;seeNiardNorfolk,43Norman conquest, effect of, on old English literature,297;hastened by Canute's conquest,329Norman officials in the Northern churches,262,264Normandy, foundation of,2,18,19n.,22,328;as a viking rendezvous,38,41;Ethelred's relations with,38,53,59;Canute's relations with,127-130,253,254,264,265,330;ethelings in,127,128,200,254,329;famine in,266North, the,1-3,22,26,28,38,48,58,68,98,105,122,131,162,180,182,189,191,198,215,224,225,257,263,280,288,300,305,307,318et passimNorthampton,128Northman, Mercian noble,124Northmen, Norsemen, Norwegians, the, at war with the Danes,13,33ff.,208,211ff.,217ff.,236ff.,333,336;in the Scandinavian colonies,17-20,70,118,150,185,248,259,287,301;in rebellion against Earl Hakon,28;defeated in Ireland,60,61;as earls and officials in England,120ff.,141;religion of,182ff.,307;oppose King Olaf,197ff.,326;accept the rule of Canute,237,252,311,344;at Canute's court,262;oppose Elgiva and Sweyn,283,318,319;civilisation of,285ff.;commerce of,288;canonise St. Olaf,316ff.;repudiate Canute's kingship,319;seeNorwayNorthumbria,24,50,74,78,79,83,97,110,115,118,121,139,149,150Norway, controlled by the Danes,3,7,9,10,48,65,107,231ff.;attacked by the Jomvikings,12,13,26;Olaf Trygvesson king of,29ff.;Eric and Sweyn, earls in,35,69,110,197;Olaf the Stout king of,74,75,81,102,119et passim;missionary operations in,29,103,163,172,181,192-194,271,273,274;at war with Denmark,119,151,215ff.,263,333,336;dissatisfaction in,163,164,195,196,198,199,209;bribery in,209,210,230,234ff.,246,326;Canute king of,152,244,258,259;Hakon viceroy of,241,242,246-248;Elgiva and Sweyn regents of,128,129,314ff.,331;rebellious movements in,260,262,263,266,310,319,320,333;Canute's legislation for,280,282-284;cities and commerce of,286-288;Magnus Olafsson king of,319,333,336;other mention of,16,17,56,69,98,212et passim;see alsoNorthmenNottingham,20,79Novgorod,287OOdderness Stone, runic monument,194n.Odense,190,191,282,287Oder River,8,9,12,16,42,154,155,158,258,267Odo, Count of Chartres,53,62Olaf, King of Sweden,48,68Olaf Haroldsson (the Stout), King of Norway, vikingactivities of,43,46,51,52,62,74,109,318;in English and Norman service,51,52,62,63;baptism of,62,181;returns to Norway and seizes Earl Hakon,73-75,119;wins a victory at the Nesses,80,81;King of Norway,63,80,102,103,108,199et passim;missionary activities of,43,163,192,195,197ff.,224,225,272,273;opposition to,163,164,196-199,201-203,221,236,255;character of,184,197,209,255,326;purposes of,197,198;defies Canute,204-207;forms an alliance with the Swedish king,207,208,213;raises the host of Norway and harries the Danish coast,213,215,216;traps Canute at Holy River,216ff.;retreat to Norway,219,220;loses his kingdom to Canute,231ff.;deserted by his chiefs,237,238;tries to resume his rule,242-244;flees to Russia,244;is recalled to Norway,250;falls at Stiklestead,74,163,201,252,292,319;miracles attributed to,252;canonisation and worship of,287,312,315-319;and his scalds,292,295;other mention of,226,246,304,309,333Olaf Trygvesson, King of Norway, early life of,28;viking activities of,26,27,37,52,319;becomes a Christian,29,172,181;King of Norway,28,29,199;wooes Sigrid the Haughty,31;marries Thyra,33;falls at Swald,34,35,69,76,82;missionary work of,192,272,308;founder of Nidaros,287Old Minster, Winchester,176,321,323Olney, compact of,98,104Olvi of Egg, Norwegian magnate,200,245Omens,23,140,311,336Ordeal,7,281Orkney Islands,17,18,232,248,259Ornamentation, styles of,301ff.Orwell River,91Osbern, biographer of St. Alphege, cited,173Oslo Firth,238,242,243Otford, skirmish at,92,101Ottar the Swart, scald, cited,63,109,234,294,295Otto the Great, Emperor,11Ottos, dynasty of the,48,267Oxford,43,50,69,100,164,166,334-337,343PPalace, royal,189,291Pallig, ealdorman,15,39,40,175Pallium, cost of the,228,345Palna Toki, archer and viking,14,40,155Papacy, state of,270Paris, Matthew,seeMatthewPenal laws in England,281Penselwood, battle of,88,101Pentland Firth,17,248,249Peterborough,53Peter's pence,191,192,228,270,276,347"Pictured rocks,"302,303Pilgrims, complaints of the,228,345Piræus,301Poetry, old Northern,292ff.Poland,31,33,48,65,153,264,268Pomerania,2,34Pope,48,264,270,341Poppo, Danish clerk,7"Praise lays,"261,293Proclamation of 1020, Canute's,110,111,142,144-147,166,168,177-179,341-343Prussia,3,258QQuadripartitus,278Quedlingburg,11RRagnarok myth,188,189Ramsey, abbey of,95,171,223,314Ramsund rock, pictures on the,303Ranig, Scandinavian Earl in England,120,149Raven banner, the,94,117Reginbert, Bishop of Funen,190Religion, old Northern,181ff.,276,277,293,318;origin of,182;divinities of,182,183;ethics of,183,184,277;ritual and sacrifices of,185ff.;festivals of,186ff.Repingdon,171Reric, Danish city in Wendland,153Rhine River,193