FOOTNOTES:[1]Fissipedia.[2]From the Greek, αἴλουρος, a Cat, and εἶδος, form.[3]From κύων, a Dog.[4]From ἄρκτος, a Bear.[5]Section I.—ÆLUROIDEA(Cat-like animals).Family 1.Felidæ(the Cat family).Examples: Cat, Lion, Tiger, Leopard, Jaguar, Puma, Ocelot, Serval, Lynx, Cheetah, &c.Family 2.Hyænidæ(the Hyæna family), contains the Hyænas only.Family 3.Cryptoproctidæ, the Cryptoprocta only.Family 4.Protelidæ, the Aard-Wolf only.Family 5.Viverridæ(the Civet family).Examples: Civet, Genette, Ichneumon, Suricate, Binturong, &c.Section II.—CYNOIDEA(Dog-like animals).Family 6.Canidæ(the Dog family).Examples: Dog, Wolf, Fox.Section III.—ARCTOIDEA(Bear-like animals).Family 7.Ursidæ(the Bear family).Examples: The various kinds of Bear.Family 8.Procyonidæ(the Racoon family).Examples: Racoon, Coati, Kinkajou, Cacomixle.Family 9.Ailuridæ, contains the Panda only.Family 10.Mustelidæ(the Weasel family).Examples: Weasel, Stoat, Ferret, Badger, Skunk, Ratel, Glutton, Marten, Polecat, Otter.[6]Felidæ.[7]Felis leo.[8]“Tower Menagerie.”[9]Judges xiv. 5, 6.[10]1 Samuel xvii. 34–36.[11]2 Samuel xxiii. 20.[12]Humboldt: “Views of Nature.”[13]Livingstone.[14]Mr. Bartlett, the able Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens.[15]Felis tigris.[16]Sir Joseph Fayrer: “The Royal Tiger of Bengal: his life and death.”[17]Felis pardus.[18]Sir James Emerson Tennent, “Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon.”[19]Felis onca.[20]“Naturalist’s Voyage.”[21]Felis concolor.[22]A weapon used by the Gauchos, and consisting of three cords, knotted together at one end, and having each a ball or stone attached to the other. The smallest of these is held in the hand, and the Gaucho “whirls the other two round and round his head, then taking aim, sends them like chain shot rushing through the air.”[23]Felis uncia.[24]Felis macrocelis.[25]Felis pardalis.[26]Buffon.[27]Felis marmorata.[28]Felis viverrina.[29]Felis pajeros.[30]Felis macrura.[31]Felis tigrina.[32]Felis ferox.[33]Brehm.[34]Felis jaguarondi.[35]Felis eyra.[36]Felis serval.[37]Felis rubiginosa.[38]Felis bengalensis.[39]Jerdon.[40]Felis aurata.[41]Felis torquata.[42]Scott, quoted by Jerdon.[43]Felis manul.[44]Felis maniculata.[45]Felis catus.[46]Brehm.[47]Felis domestica.[48]Pennant, “British Zoology.”[49]“Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.”[50]“Natural History of Selborne.”[51]White’s “Selborne.”[52]Felis chaus.[53]Felis lynx.[54]Tschudi, quoted by Brehm.[55]Felis pardina.[56]Felis canadensis.[57]Felis rufa.[58]Felis caracal.[59]Felis jubata.[60]“Mammals of India.”[61]Hyænidæ.[62]The dental formula is—incisors,3–33–3, canines,1–11–1, premolars,4–43–3, molars,1–11–1= 34.[63]Lycaon.[64]Hyæna crocuta.[65]Andersson.[66]Harris.[67]Hyæna brunneaorfusca.[68]Hyæna striata.[69]Canon Tristram.[70]Cryptoproctidæ.[71]Cryptoprocta ferox.[72]Protelidæ.[73]Proteles Lalandii.[74]Viverridæ.[75]The dental formula is, therefore, incisors,3–33–3, canines,1–11–1, premolars,4–44–4, molars,2–22–2= 40.[76]Viverra civetta.[77]Viverra Zibetha.[78]Viverra pallidaseurasse.[79]Genetta vulgaris.[80]Herpestes griseus.[81]A plant allied to that which produces the well-knownnux vomica. It is used by Indian physicians in fevers, and as an antidote to poisons.[82]A tree allied to that which produces Peruvian bark. It is called the Mungo, or “Earth-gall,” by the Malays. It is also supposed to be an antidote to poisons.[83]The “birth-wort.” It is used in India as a remedy for gout, and in England is given to Cows after calving.[84]A tree allied to the acacias and to the sensitive plant.[85]Pharsalia, lib. iv. 729.[86]The nux vomica plant.[87]Urva cancrivora.[88]Paradoxurus musang.[89]Arctictis binturong.[90]N.B.—The description of some members of the Viverridæ, or Civet family, has been inadvertently omitted from our chapter on that group, and will be found at the end of the article on the Land Carnivora (pp. 206–208).[91]Canidæ.[92]Canis familiaris.[93]2 Kings xvii. 31.[94]Darwin’s “Animals and Plants under Domestication.”[95]Youatt: “The Dog.”[96]Darwin, “Animals and Plants under Domestication.”[97]“Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” 1875.[98]Darwin’s “Origin of Species.”[99]Dr. Huggins,Nature, Vol VII.[100]Youatt.[101]Youatt.[102]Darwin’s “Expression of the Emotions.”[103]Moles.[104]Quarterly Journal of Science, April, 1876.[105]“St. Ronan’s Well.”[106]From theGlobenewspaper.[107]“Animal Depravity,”Quarterly Journal of Science, 1875.[108]Quoted from theDaily Newsin the article on “Animal Depravity” in theQuarterly Journal of Sciencefor 1875.[109]See Sir Thomas Watson: “Hydrophobia and Rabies,”Nineteenth Century, December, 1877.[110]Sir J. Richardson’s “Fauna Boreali-Americana.”[111]Hayes, quoted by Jesse.[112]Youatt.[113]Tristram.[114]Youatt.[115]Youatt.[116]“The Straits of Malacca, Indo-China, and China.”[117]Canis primævus.[118]Williamson, quoted by Youatt.[119]Canis dingo.[120]Youatt.[121]Youatt.[122]Canis lupus.[123]Virgil, Ec. ix., 53:—“All, all forgotten now, those youthful lays;My voice will follow, ay, my voice decays;The Wolf hath eyed me first, hath Mœris eyed.”[124]L. Énault, quoted by Brehm.[125]Jesse: “History of the British Dog.”[126]Richardson: “Fauna Boreali-Americana,” 1829.[127]Canis latrans.[128]Richardson.[129]Canis aureus.[130]Canis vulpes.[131]Canis lagopus.[132]Canis zerda.[133]Megalotis Lalandii.[134]The dental formula is, therefore, incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,4–44–4= 48.[135]Nycterentes procyonides.[136]Lycaon pictus.[137]Gordon Cumming quoted by A. Murray: “Geographical Distribution of Mammals.”[138]Ursidæ.[139]Ursus arctos.[140]“Lake ’Ngami.”[141]Ursus americanus.[142]Ursus ferox.[143]Ursus syriacus.[144]Ursus isabellinus.[145]Ursus tibetanusandU.(Helarctos)malayanus.[146]Jerdon: “Mammals of India.”[147]Ursus(orMelursus)labiatus.[148]Tickell, quoted by Jerdon.[149]Tannent: “Ceylon.”[150]Ursus(orHelarctos)ornatus.[151]Ursus(orThalassarctos)maritimus.[152]R. Brown, quoted from “Arctic Manual.”[153]Quoted by Jesse: “History of the British Dog.”[154]Procyonidæ.[155]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,2–22–2= 40.[156]Procyon lotor.[157]Nasua narica.[158]Cercoleptes caudivolvulus.[159]Bassaris astuta.[160]Ailuridæ.[161]Ailurus fulgens.[162]Mustelidæ.[163]“Fur-bearing Animals: a Monograph of North American Mustelidæ.”[164]Gulo luscus.[165]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,1–12–2= 38.[166]Mustela martes.[167]Mustela Pennantii.[168]Mustela zibellina.[169]Coues.[170]Putorius vulgaris.The Weasel is very commonly referred to the genusMustela, but this name properly belongs to the Martens.[171]Putorius erminca.[172]Putorius fœtidus.[173]Putorius furo.[174]Putorius lutreolaandP. vison.[175]Galictes vittata.[176]Galictes barbara.[177]Mellivora capensisandM. indica.[178]Meles vulgaris.[179]The Times, Oct. 24th, 1877.[180]Taxidea americana.[181]Mydaus meliceps.[182]Ictonyx zorilla.[183]Mephitis mephitica.[184]Coues.[185]Mephitis (or Spilogale) putorius.[186]Mephitis (or Conepatus) mapurito.[187]Lutra vulgaris.[188]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–43–3; molars,1–12–2= 36.[189]“Malacca, Indo-China, and China.”[190]Lutra canadensis.[191]Pteronura Sandbachii.[192]Enhydra lutris.[193]Dental formula—Incisors,3–32–2; canines,1–11–1; premolars,3–33–3; molars,1–12–2= 32.[194]Capt. C. M. Scammon, “American Naturalist,” Vol. IV., 1870.[195]H. W. Elliott, quoted by Coues, “Fur-bearing Animals.”[196]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,2–22–2; molars,1–11–1= 28.[197]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,3–33–3= 44.[198]“Les Enchaînements du Monde animal, dans les temps géologiques.” Paris, 1878.[199]Cynogale Bennettii.[200]Cynictis penicillata.[201]Crossarchus obscurus.[202]Suricata zenick.[203]Pinna, a fin;pes, a foot.[204]Pinna, a fin;gradus, a step.[205]From the Greek, θρίξ, a hair, and ἔχω, I have.[206]From the Greek, οὖς, ὠτός an ear.[207]From the Greek, φώκη, a seal.[208]Trichechus rosmarus.[209]Otaria ursinus, the genusCallorhinusof certain authorities.[210]Otaria Stelleri, the genusEumetopiasof Gray and others.[211]Otaria Gilliespii.[212]Otaria Hookeri, the genusArctocephalusandPhocarctosof Gray.[213]Otaria albicollis, theNeophoca lobataof Gray.[214]Otaria jubata.[215]Otaria falklandica, placed under the genusArctophocaby Peters, andEuotariaby Gray.[216]Otaria pusilla, theArctocephalus antarticicusof Gray.[217]Otaria Forsteri, theGypsophoca tropicalisof Gray.[218]Otaria (Euotaria) cinerea.[219]Phoca vitulina, the genusCallocephalusof some authorities.[220]Phoca fœtida, or Phoca hispida; the genusPagomysof Gray.[221]Phoca groelandica; the genusPagophilusof Gray.[222]Phoca barbata.[223]Halichœrus gryphus.[224]Monachus albiventer.[225]Cystophora cristata.[226]Macrorhinus elephantinus; the genusMorungaof Gray.[227]Ommatophoca Rossii.[228]Stenorhynchus leptonyx.[229]Stenorhynchus (Leptonyx) Weddellii.[230]Lobodon carcinophaga.[231]Platanista gangetica.[232]Inia Geoffrensis.[233]Pontoporia Blainvillii.[234]Z. cavirostris.[235]Z. indicus.[236]M. Sowerbiensis.[237]Berardius Arnouxi.[238]Hyperoodon rostratus.[239]Physeter macrocephalus.[240]Kogia breviceps; thePhyseter simusof Owen.[241]K. (Euphysetes) Grayiiof MacLeay.[242]Globiocephalus melas.[243]Grampus griseus.[244]Phocœna communis.[245]Orca gladiator.[246]Delphinus delphis.[247]D. tursio.[248]Beluga leucas.[249]Monodon monoceros.[250]Balæna mysticetus.[251]Megaptera; μέγας, great, and πτερόν, fin.[252]Rhachianectes glaucusof Cope.[253]Balænoptera; φάλαινα, a whale, and πτερόν, fin.[254]Rhytina Stelleri.[255]Halicore dugong.[256]παχὺς, thick; δέρμα, skin.[257]Elephas indicus.[258]Graphic, June 12, 1875.[259]Elephas africanus.[260]From the Latinunguis,ungula, a hoof.[261]περισσός, uneven; δάκτυλος, toe.[262]ἄρτιος, even; δάκτυλος, toe.[263]Tapirus americanus.[264]Tapirus villosus.[265]Tapirus malayanus.[266]Philosophical Transactions, xlii.[267]Rhinoceros Oswellii.[268]The numbers in each figure refer to the digits, the thumb being always absent. The seven square-shaped bones above the digits in each figure constitute the wrist or carpus. Above these are the large radius, and the small ulna in some.[269]ἀ, without; ὀπλή, a hoof; θηρίον, wild beast; wild beast without hoof.[270]Sus scrofa.[271]Sus scrofa(Indian variety).[272]Phacochœrus Ælianus.
FOOTNOTES:[1]Fissipedia.[2]From the Greek, αἴλουρος, a Cat, and εἶδος, form.[3]From κύων, a Dog.[4]From ἄρκτος, a Bear.[5]Section I.—ÆLUROIDEA(Cat-like animals).Family 1.Felidæ(the Cat family).Examples: Cat, Lion, Tiger, Leopard, Jaguar, Puma, Ocelot, Serval, Lynx, Cheetah, &c.Family 2.Hyænidæ(the Hyæna family), contains the Hyænas only.Family 3.Cryptoproctidæ, the Cryptoprocta only.Family 4.Protelidæ, the Aard-Wolf only.Family 5.Viverridæ(the Civet family).Examples: Civet, Genette, Ichneumon, Suricate, Binturong, &c.Section II.—CYNOIDEA(Dog-like animals).Family 6.Canidæ(the Dog family).Examples: Dog, Wolf, Fox.Section III.—ARCTOIDEA(Bear-like animals).Family 7.Ursidæ(the Bear family).Examples: The various kinds of Bear.Family 8.Procyonidæ(the Racoon family).Examples: Racoon, Coati, Kinkajou, Cacomixle.Family 9.Ailuridæ, contains the Panda only.Family 10.Mustelidæ(the Weasel family).Examples: Weasel, Stoat, Ferret, Badger, Skunk, Ratel, Glutton, Marten, Polecat, Otter.[6]Felidæ.[7]Felis leo.[8]“Tower Menagerie.”[9]Judges xiv. 5, 6.[10]1 Samuel xvii. 34–36.[11]2 Samuel xxiii. 20.[12]Humboldt: “Views of Nature.”[13]Livingstone.[14]Mr. Bartlett, the able Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens.[15]Felis tigris.[16]Sir Joseph Fayrer: “The Royal Tiger of Bengal: his life and death.”[17]Felis pardus.[18]Sir James Emerson Tennent, “Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon.”[19]Felis onca.[20]“Naturalist’s Voyage.”[21]Felis concolor.[22]A weapon used by the Gauchos, and consisting of three cords, knotted together at one end, and having each a ball or stone attached to the other. The smallest of these is held in the hand, and the Gaucho “whirls the other two round and round his head, then taking aim, sends them like chain shot rushing through the air.”[23]Felis uncia.[24]Felis macrocelis.[25]Felis pardalis.[26]Buffon.[27]Felis marmorata.[28]Felis viverrina.[29]Felis pajeros.[30]Felis macrura.[31]Felis tigrina.[32]Felis ferox.[33]Brehm.[34]Felis jaguarondi.[35]Felis eyra.[36]Felis serval.[37]Felis rubiginosa.[38]Felis bengalensis.[39]Jerdon.[40]Felis aurata.[41]Felis torquata.[42]Scott, quoted by Jerdon.[43]Felis manul.[44]Felis maniculata.[45]Felis catus.[46]Brehm.[47]Felis domestica.[48]Pennant, “British Zoology.”[49]“Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.”[50]“Natural History of Selborne.”[51]White’s “Selborne.”[52]Felis chaus.[53]Felis lynx.[54]Tschudi, quoted by Brehm.[55]Felis pardina.[56]Felis canadensis.[57]Felis rufa.[58]Felis caracal.[59]Felis jubata.[60]“Mammals of India.”[61]Hyænidæ.[62]The dental formula is—incisors,3–33–3, canines,1–11–1, premolars,4–43–3, molars,1–11–1= 34.[63]Lycaon.[64]Hyæna crocuta.[65]Andersson.[66]Harris.[67]Hyæna brunneaorfusca.[68]Hyæna striata.[69]Canon Tristram.[70]Cryptoproctidæ.[71]Cryptoprocta ferox.[72]Protelidæ.[73]Proteles Lalandii.[74]Viverridæ.[75]The dental formula is, therefore, incisors,3–33–3, canines,1–11–1, premolars,4–44–4, molars,2–22–2= 40.[76]Viverra civetta.[77]Viverra Zibetha.[78]Viverra pallidaseurasse.[79]Genetta vulgaris.[80]Herpestes griseus.[81]A plant allied to that which produces the well-knownnux vomica. It is used by Indian physicians in fevers, and as an antidote to poisons.[82]A tree allied to that which produces Peruvian bark. It is called the Mungo, or “Earth-gall,” by the Malays. It is also supposed to be an antidote to poisons.[83]The “birth-wort.” It is used in India as a remedy for gout, and in England is given to Cows after calving.[84]A tree allied to the acacias and to the sensitive plant.[85]Pharsalia, lib. iv. 729.[86]The nux vomica plant.[87]Urva cancrivora.[88]Paradoxurus musang.[89]Arctictis binturong.[90]N.B.—The description of some members of the Viverridæ, or Civet family, has been inadvertently omitted from our chapter on that group, and will be found at the end of the article on the Land Carnivora (pp. 206–208).[91]Canidæ.[92]Canis familiaris.[93]2 Kings xvii. 31.[94]Darwin’s “Animals and Plants under Domestication.”[95]Youatt: “The Dog.”[96]Darwin, “Animals and Plants under Domestication.”[97]“Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” 1875.[98]Darwin’s “Origin of Species.”[99]Dr. Huggins,Nature, Vol VII.[100]Youatt.[101]Youatt.[102]Darwin’s “Expression of the Emotions.”[103]Moles.[104]Quarterly Journal of Science, April, 1876.[105]“St. Ronan’s Well.”[106]From theGlobenewspaper.[107]“Animal Depravity,”Quarterly Journal of Science, 1875.[108]Quoted from theDaily Newsin the article on “Animal Depravity” in theQuarterly Journal of Sciencefor 1875.[109]See Sir Thomas Watson: “Hydrophobia and Rabies,”Nineteenth Century, December, 1877.[110]Sir J. Richardson’s “Fauna Boreali-Americana.”[111]Hayes, quoted by Jesse.[112]Youatt.[113]Tristram.[114]Youatt.[115]Youatt.[116]“The Straits of Malacca, Indo-China, and China.”[117]Canis primævus.[118]Williamson, quoted by Youatt.[119]Canis dingo.[120]Youatt.[121]Youatt.[122]Canis lupus.[123]Virgil, Ec. ix., 53:—“All, all forgotten now, those youthful lays;My voice will follow, ay, my voice decays;The Wolf hath eyed me first, hath Mœris eyed.”[124]L. Énault, quoted by Brehm.[125]Jesse: “History of the British Dog.”[126]Richardson: “Fauna Boreali-Americana,” 1829.[127]Canis latrans.[128]Richardson.[129]Canis aureus.[130]Canis vulpes.[131]Canis lagopus.[132]Canis zerda.[133]Megalotis Lalandii.[134]The dental formula is, therefore, incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,4–44–4= 48.[135]Nycterentes procyonides.[136]Lycaon pictus.[137]Gordon Cumming quoted by A. Murray: “Geographical Distribution of Mammals.”[138]Ursidæ.[139]Ursus arctos.[140]“Lake ’Ngami.”[141]Ursus americanus.[142]Ursus ferox.[143]Ursus syriacus.[144]Ursus isabellinus.[145]Ursus tibetanusandU.(Helarctos)malayanus.[146]Jerdon: “Mammals of India.”[147]Ursus(orMelursus)labiatus.[148]Tickell, quoted by Jerdon.[149]Tannent: “Ceylon.”[150]Ursus(orHelarctos)ornatus.[151]Ursus(orThalassarctos)maritimus.[152]R. Brown, quoted from “Arctic Manual.”[153]Quoted by Jesse: “History of the British Dog.”[154]Procyonidæ.[155]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,2–22–2= 40.[156]Procyon lotor.[157]Nasua narica.[158]Cercoleptes caudivolvulus.[159]Bassaris astuta.[160]Ailuridæ.[161]Ailurus fulgens.[162]Mustelidæ.[163]“Fur-bearing Animals: a Monograph of North American Mustelidæ.”[164]Gulo luscus.[165]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,1–12–2= 38.[166]Mustela martes.[167]Mustela Pennantii.[168]Mustela zibellina.[169]Coues.[170]Putorius vulgaris.The Weasel is very commonly referred to the genusMustela, but this name properly belongs to the Martens.[171]Putorius erminca.[172]Putorius fœtidus.[173]Putorius furo.[174]Putorius lutreolaandP. vison.[175]Galictes vittata.[176]Galictes barbara.[177]Mellivora capensisandM. indica.[178]Meles vulgaris.[179]The Times, Oct. 24th, 1877.[180]Taxidea americana.[181]Mydaus meliceps.[182]Ictonyx zorilla.[183]Mephitis mephitica.[184]Coues.[185]Mephitis (or Spilogale) putorius.[186]Mephitis (or Conepatus) mapurito.[187]Lutra vulgaris.[188]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–43–3; molars,1–12–2= 36.[189]“Malacca, Indo-China, and China.”[190]Lutra canadensis.[191]Pteronura Sandbachii.[192]Enhydra lutris.[193]Dental formula—Incisors,3–32–2; canines,1–11–1; premolars,3–33–3; molars,1–12–2= 32.[194]Capt. C. M. Scammon, “American Naturalist,” Vol. IV., 1870.[195]H. W. Elliott, quoted by Coues, “Fur-bearing Animals.”[196]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,2–22–2; molars,1–11–1= 28.[197]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,3–33–3= 44.[198]“Les Enchaînements du Monde animal, dans les temps géologiques.” Paris, 1878.[199]Cynogale Bennettii.[200]Cynictis penicillata.[201]Crossarchus obscurus.[202]Suricata zenick.[203]Pinna, a fin;pes, a foot.[204]Pinna, a fin;gradus, a step.[205]From the Greek, θρίξ, a hair, and ἔχω, I have.[206]From the Greek, οὖς, ὠτός an ear.[207]From the Greek, φώκη, a seal.[208]Trichechus rosmarus.[209]Otaria ursinus, the genusCallorhinusof certain authorities.[210]Otaria Stelleri, the genusEumetopiasof Gray and others.[211]Otaria Gilliespii.[212]Otaria Hookeri, the genusArctocephalusandPhocarctosof Gray.[213]Otaria albicollis, theNeophoca lobataof Gray.[214]Otaria jubata.[215]Otaria falklandica, placed under the genusArctophocaby Peters, andEuotariaby Gray.[216]Otaria pusilla, theArctocephalus antarticicusof Gray.[217]Otaria Forsteri, theGypsophoca tropicalisof Gray.[218]Otaria (Euotaria) cinerea.[219]Phoca vitulina, the genusCallocephalusof some authorities.[220]Phoca fœtida, or Phoca hispida; the genusPagomysof Gray.[221]Phoca groelandica; the genusPagophilusof Gray.[222]Phoca barbata.[223]Halichœrus gryphus.[224]Monachus albiventer.[225]Cystophora cristata.[226]Macrorhinus elephantinus; the genusMorungaof Gray.[227]Ommatophoca Rossii.[228]Stenorhynchus leptonyx.[229]Stenorhynchus (Leptonyx) Weddellii.[230]Lobodon carcinophaga.[231]Platanista gangetica.[232]Inia Geoffrensis.[233]Pontoporia Blainvillii.[234]Z. cavirostris.[235]Z. indicus.[236]M. Sowerbiensis.[237]Berardius Arnouxi.[238]Hyperoodon rostratus.[239]Physeter macrocephalus.[240]Kogia breviceps; thePhyseter simusof Owen.[241]K. (Euphysetes) Grayiiof MacLeay.[242]Globiocephalus melas.[243]Grampus griseus.[244]Phocœna communis.[245]Orca gladiator.[246]Delphinus delphis.[247]D. tursio.[248]Beluga leucas.[249]Monodon monoceros.[250]Balæna mysticetus.[251]Megaptera; μέγας, great, and πτερόν, fin.[252]Rhachianectes glaucusof Cope.[253]Balænoptera; φάλαινα, a whale, and πτερόν, fin.[254]Rhytina Stelleri.[255]Halicore dugong.[256]παχὺς, thick; δέρμα, skin.[257]Elephas indicus.[258]Graphic, June 12, 1875.[259]Elephas africanus.[260]From the Latinunguis,ungula, a hoof.[261]περισσός, uneven; δάκτυλος, toe.[262]ἄρτιος, even; δάκτυλος, toe.[263]Tapirus americanus.[264]Tapirus villosus.[265]Tapirus malayanus.[266]Philosophical Transactions, xlii.[267]Rhinoceros Oswellii.[268]The numbers in each figure refer to the digits, the thumb being always absent. The seven square-shaped bones above the digits in each figure constitute the wrist or carpus. Above these are the large radius, and the small ulna in some.[269]ἀ, without; ὀπλή, a hoof; θηρίον, wild beast; wild beast without hoof.[270]Sus scrofa.[271]Sus scrofa(Indian variety).[272]Phacochœrus Ælianus.
FOOTNOTES:[1]Fissipedia.[2]From the Greek, αἴλουρος, a Cat, and εἶδος, form.[3]From κύων, a Dog.[4]From ἄρκτος, a Bear.[5]Section I.—ÆLUROIDEA(Cat-like animals).Family 1.Felidæ(the Cat family).Examples: Cat, Lion, Tiger, Leopard, Jaguar, Puma, Ocelot, Serval, Lynx, Cheetah, &c.Family 2.Hyænidæ(the Hyæna family), contains the Hyænas only.Family 3.Cryptoproctidæ, the Cryptoprocta only.Family 4.Protelidæ, the Aard-Wolf only.Family 5.Viverridæ(the Civet family).Examples: Civet, Genette, Ichneumon, Suricate, Binturong, &c.Section II.—CYNOIDEA(Dog-like animals).Family 6.Canidæ(the Dog family).Examples: Dog, Wolf, Fox.Section III.—ARCTOIDEA(Bear-like animals).Family 7.Ursidæ(the Bear family).Examples: The various kinds of Bear.Family 8.Procyonidæ(the Racoon family).Examples: Racoon, Coati, Kinkajou, Cacomixle.Family 9.Ailuridæ, contains the Panda only.Family 10.Mustelidæ(the Weasel family).Examples: Weasel, Stoat, Ferret, Badger, Skunk, Ratel, Glutton, Marten, Polecat, Otter.[6]Felidæ.[7]Felis leo.[8]“Tower Menagerie.”[9]Judges xiv. 5, 6.[10]1 Samuel xvii. 34–36.[11]2 Samuel xxiii. 20.[12]Humboldt: “Views of Nature.”[13]Livingstone.[14]Mr. Bartlett, the able Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens.[15]Felis tigris.[16]Sir Joseph Fayrer: “The Royal Tiger of Bengal: his life and death.”[17]Felis pardus.[18]Sir James Emerson Tennent, “Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon.”[19]Felis onca.[20]“Naturalist’s Voyage.”[21]Felis concolor.[22]A weapon used by the Gauchos, and consisting of three cords, knotted together at one end, and having each a ball or stone attached to the other. The smallest of these is held in the hand, and the Gaucho “whirls the other two round and round his head, then taking aim, sends them like chain shot rushing through the air.”[23]Felis uncia.[24]Felis macrocelis.[25]Felis pardalis.[26]Buffon.[27]Felis marmorata.[28]Felis viverrina.[29]Felis pajeros.[30]Felis macrura.[31]Felis tigrina.[32]Felis ferox.[33]Brehm.[34]Felis jaguarondi.[35]Felis eyra.[36]Felis serval.[37]Felis rubiginosa.[38]Felis bengalensis.[39]Jerdon.[40]Felis aurata.[41]Felis torquata.[42]Scott, quoted by Jerdon.[43]Felis manul.[44]Felis maniculata.[45]Felis catus.[46]Brehm.[47]Felis domestica.[48]Pennant, “British Zoology.”[49]“Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.”[50]“Natural History of Selborne.”[51]White’s “Selborne.”[52]Felis chaus.[53]Felis lynx.[54]Tschudi, quoted by Brehm.[55]Felis pardina.[56]Felis canadensis.[57]Felis rufa.[58]Felis caracal.[59]Felis jubata.[60]“Mammals of India.”[61]Hyænidæ.[62]The dental formula is—incisors,3–33–3, canines,1–11–1, premolars,4–43–3, molars,1–11–1= 34.[63]Lycaon.[64]Hyæna crocuta.[65]Andersson.[66]Harris.[67]Hyæna brunneaorfusca.[68]Hyæna striata.[69]Canon Tristram.[70]Cryptoproctidæ.[71]Cryptoprocta ferox.[72]Protelidæ.[73]Proteles Lalandii.[74]Viverridæ.[75]The dental formula is, therefore, incisors,3–33–3, canines,1–11–1, premolars,4–44–4, molars,2–22–2= 40.[76]Viverra civetta.[77]Viverra Zibetha.[78]Viverra pallidaseurasse.[79]Genetta vulgaris.[80]Herpestes griseus.[81]A plant allied to that which produces the well-knownnux vomica. It is used by Indian physicians in fevers, and as an antidote to poisons.[82]A tree allied to that which produces Peruvian bark. It is called the Mungo, or “Earth-gall,” by the Malays. It is also supposed to be an antidote to poisons.[83]The “birth-wort.” It is used in India as a remedy for gout, and in England is given to Cows after calving.[84]A tree allied to the acacias and to the sensitive plant.[85]Pharsalia, lib. iv. 729.[86]The nux vomica plant.[87]Urva cancrivora.[88]Paradoxurus musang.[89]Arctictis binturong.[90]N.B.—The description of some members of the Viverridæ, or Civet family, has been inadvertently omitted from our chapter on that group, and will be found at the end of the article on the Land Carnivora (pp. 206–208).[91]Canidæ.[92]Canis familiaris.[93]2 Kings xvii. 31.[94]Darwin’s “Animals and Plants under Domestication.”[95]Youatt: “The Dog.”[96]Darwin, “Animals and Plants under Domestication.”[97]“Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” 1875.[98]Darwin’s “Origin of Species.”[99]Dr. Huggins,Nature, Vol VII.[100]Youatt.[101]Youatt.[102]Darwin’s “Expression of the Emotions.”[103]Moles.[104]Quarterly Journal of Science, April, 1876.[105]“St. Ronan’s Well.”[106]From theGlobenewspaper.[107]“Animal Depravity,”Quarterly Journal of Science, 1875.[108]Quoted from theDaily Newsin the article on “Animal Depravity” in theQuarterly Journal of Sciencefor 1875.[109]See Sir Thomas Watson: “Hydrophobia and Rabies,”Nineteenth Century, December, 1877.[110]Sir J. Richardson’s “Fauna Boreali-Americana.”[111]Hayes, quoted by Jesse.[112]Youatt.[113]Tristram.[114]Youatt.[115]Youatt.[116]“The Straits of Malacca, Indo-China, and China.”[117]Canis primævus.[118]Williamson, quoted by Youatt.[119]Canis dingo.[120]Youatt.[121]Youatt.[122]Canis lupus.[123]Virgil, Ec. ix., 53:—“All, all forgotten now, those youthful lays;My voice will follow, ay, my voice decays;The Wolf hath eyed me first, hath Mœris eyed.”[124]L. Énault, quoted by Brehm.[125]Jesse: “History of the British Dog.”[126]Richardson: “Fauna Boreali-Americana,” 1829.[127]Canis latrans.[128]Richardson.[129]Canis aureus.[130]Canis vulpes.[131]Canis lagopus.[132]Canis zerda.[133]Megalotis Lalandii.[134]The dental formula is, therefore, incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,4–44–4= 48.[135]Nycterentes procyonides.[136]Lycaon pictus.[137]Gordon Cumming quoted by A. Murray: “Geographical Distribution of Mammals.”[138]Ursidæ.[139]Ursus arctos.[140]“Lake ’Ngami.”[141]Ursus americanus.[142]Ursus ferox.[143]Ursus syriacus.[144]Ursus isabellinus.[145]Ursus tibetanusandU.(Helarctos)malayanus.[146]Jerdon: “Mammals of India.”[147]Ursus(orMelursus)labiatus.[148]Tickell, quoted by Jerdon.[149]Tannent: “Ceylon.”[150]Ursus(orHelarctos)ornatus.[151]Ursus(orThalassarctos)maritimus.[152]R. Brown, quoted from “Arctic Manual.”[153]Quoted by Jesse: “History of the British Dog.”[154]Procyonidæ.[155]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,2–22–2= 40.[156]Procyon lotor.[157]Nasua narica.[158]Cercoleptes caudivolvulus.[159]Bassaris astuta.[160]Ailuridæ.[161]Ailurus fulgens.[162]Mustelidæ.[163]“Fur-bearing Animals: a Monograph of North American Mustelidæ.”[164]Gulo luscus.[165]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,1–12–2= 38.[166]Mustela martes.[167]Mustela Pennantii.[168]Mustela zibellina.[169]Coues.[170]Putorius vulgaris.The Weasel is very commonly referred to the genusMustela, but this name properly belongs to the Martens.[171]Putorius erminca.[172]Putorius fœtidus.[173]Putorius furo.[174]Putorius lutreolaandP. vison.[175]Galictes vittata.[176]Galictes barbara.[177]Mellivora capensisandM. indica.[178]Meles vulgaris.[179]The Times, Oct. 24th, 1877.[180]Taxidea americana.[181]Mydaus meliceps.[182]Ictonyx zorilla.[183]Mephitis mephitica.[184]Coues.[185]Mephitis (or Spilogale) putorius.[186]Mephitis (or Conepatus) mapurito.[187]Lutra vulgaris.[188]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–43–3; molars,1–12–2= 36.[189]“Malacca, Indo-China, and China.”[190]Lutra canadensis.[191]Pteronura Sandbachii.[192]Enhydra lutris.[193]Dental formula—Incisors,3–32–2; canines,1–11–1; premolars,3–33–3; molars,1–12–2= 32.[194]Capt. C. M. Scammon, “American Naturalist,” Vol. IV., 1870.[195]H. W. Elliott, quoted by Coues, “Fur-bearing Animals.”[196]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,2–22–2; molars,1–11–1= 28.[197]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,3–33–3= 44.[198]“Les Enchaînements du Monde animal, dans les temps géologiques.” Paris, 1878.[199]Cynogale Bennettii.[200]Cynictis penicillata.[201]Crossarchus obscurus.[202]Suricata zenick.[203]Pinna, a fin;pes, a foot.[204]Pinna, a fin;gradus, a step.[205]From the Greek, θρίξ, a hair, and ἔχω, I have.[206]From the Greek, οὖς, ὠτός an ear.[207]From the Greek, φώκη, a seal.[208]Trichechus rosmarus.[209]Otaria ursinus, the genusCallorhinusof certain authorities.[210]Otaria Stelleri, the genusEumetopiasof Gray and others.[211]Otaria Gilliespii.[212]Otaria Hookeri, the genusArctocephalusandPhocarctosof Gray.[213]Otaria albicollis, theNeophoca lobataof Gray.[214]Otaria jubata.[215]Otaria falklandica, placed under the genusArctophocaby Peters, andEuotariaby Gray.[216]Otaria pusilla, theArctocephalus antarticicusof Gray.[217]Otaria Forsteri, theGypsophoca tropicalisof Gray.[218]Otaria (Euotaria) cinerea.[219]Phoca vitulina, the genusCallocephalusof some authorities.[220]Phoca fœtida, or Phoca hispida; the genusPagomysof Gray.[221]Phoca groelandica; the genusPagophilusof Gray.[222]Phoca barbata.[223]Halichœrus gryphus.[224]Monachus albiventer.[225]Cystophora cristata.[226]Macrorhinus elephantinus; the genusMorungaof Gray.[227]Ommatophoca Rossii.[228]Stenorhynchus leptonyx.[229]Stenorhynchus (Leptonyx) Weddellii.[230]Lobodon carcinophaga.[231]Platanista gangetica.[232]Inia Geoffrensis.[233]Pontoporia Blainvillii.[234]Z. cavirostris.[235]Z. indicus.[236]M. Sowerbiensis.[237]Berardius Arnouxi.[238]Hyperoodon rostratus.[239]Physeter macrocephalus.[240]Kogia breviceps; thePhyseter simusof Owen.[241]K. (Euphysetes) Grayiiof MacLeay.[242]Globiocephalus melas.[243]Grampus griseus.[244]Phocœna communis.[245]Orca gladiator.[246]Delphinus delphis.[247]D. tursio.[248]Beluga leucas.[249]Monodon monoceros.[250]Balæna mysticetus.[251]Megaptera; μέγας, great, and πτερόν, fin.[252]Rhachianectes glaucusof Cope.[253]Balænoptera; φάλαινα, a whale, and πτερόν, fin.[254]Rhytina Stelleri.[255]Halicore dugong.[256]παχὺς, thick; δέρμα, skin.[257]Elephas indicus.[258]Graphic, June 12, 1875.[259]Elephas africanus.[260]From the Latinunguis,ungula, a hoof.[261]περισσός, uneven; δάκτυλος, toe.[262]ἄρτιος, even; δάκτυλος, toe.[263]Tapirus americanus.[264]Tapirus villosus.[265]Tapirus malayanus.[266]Philosophical Transactions, xlii.[267]Rhinoceros Oswellii.[268]The numbers in each figure refer to the digits, the thumb being always absent. The seven square-shaped bones above the digits in each figure constitute the wrist or carpus. Above these are the large radius, and the small ulna in some.[269]ἀ, without; ὀπλή, a hoof; θηρίον, wild beast; wild beast without hoof.[270]Sus scrofa.[271]Sus scrofa(Indian variety).[272]Phacochœrus Ælianus.
FOOTNOTES:
[1]Fissipedia.
[1]Fissipedia.
[2]From the Greek, αἴλουρος, a Cat, and εἶδος, form.
[2]From the Greek, αἴλουρος, a Cat, and εἶδος, form.
[3]From κύων, a Dog.
[3]From κύων, a Dog.
[4]From ἄρκτος, a Bear.
[4]From ἄρκτος, a Bear.
[5]Section I.—ÆLUROIDEA(Cat-like animals).Family 1.Felidæ(the Cat family).Examples: Cat, Lion, Tiger, Leopard, Jaguar, Puma, Ocelot, Serval, Lynx, Cheetah, &c.Family 2.Hyænidæ(the Hyæna family), contains the Hyænas only.Family 3.Cryptoproctidæ, the Cryptoprocta only.Family 4.Protelidæ, the Aard-Wolf only.Family 5.Viverridæ(the Civet family).Examples: Civet, Genette, Ichneumon, Suricate, Binturong, &c.Section II.—CYNOIDEA(Dog-like animals).Family 6.Canidæ(the Dog family).Examples: Dog, Wolf, Fox.Section III.—ARCTOIDEA(Bear-like animals).Family 7.Ursidæ(the Bear family).Examples: The various kinds of Bear.Family 8.Procyonidæ(the Racoon family).Examples: Racoon, Coati, Kinkajou, Cacomixle.Family 9.Ailuridæ, contains the Panda only.Family 10.Mustelidæ(the Weasel family).Examples: Weasel, Stoat, Ferret, Badger, Skunk, Ratel, Glutton, Marten, Polecat, Otter.
[5]
[6]Felidæ.
[6]Felidæ.
[7]Felis leo.
[7]Felis leo.
[8]“Tower Menagerie.”
[8]“Tower Menagerie.”
[9]Judges xiv. 5, 6.
[9]Judges xiv. 5, 6.
[10]1 Samuel xvii. 34–36.
[10]1 Samuel xvii. 34–36.
[11]2 Samuel xxiii. 20.
[11]2 Samuel xxiii. 20.
[12]Humboldt: “Views of Nature.”
[12]Humboldt: “Views of Nature.”
[13]Livingstone.
[13]Livingstone.
[14]Mr. Bartlett, the able Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens.
[14]Mr. Bartlett, the able Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens.
[15]Felis tigris.
[15]Felis tigris.
[16]Sir Joseph Fayrer: “The Royal Tiger of Bengal: his life and death.”
[16]Sir Joseph Fayrer: “The Royal Tiger of Bengal: his life and death.”
[17]Felis pardus.
[17]Felis pardus.
[18]Sir James Emerson Tennent, “Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon.”
[18]Sir James Emerson Tennent, “Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon.”
[19]Felis onca.
[19]Felis onca.
[20]“Naturalist’s Voyage.”
[20]“Naturalist’s Voyage.”
[21]Felis concolor.
[21]Felis concolor.
[22]A weapon used by the Gauchos, and consisting of three cords, knotted together at one end, and having each a ball or stone attached to the other. The smallest of these is held in the hand, and the Gaucho “whirls the other two round and round his head, then taking aim, sends them like chain shot rushing through the air.”
[22]A weapon used by the Gauchos, and consisting of three cords, knotted together at one end, and having each a ball or stone attached to the other. The smallest of these is held in the hand, and the Gaucho “whirls the other two round and round his head, then taking aim, sends them like chain shot rushing through the air.”
[23]Felis uncia.
[23]Felis uncia.
[24]Felis macrocelis.
[24]Felis macrocelis.
[25]Felis pardalis.
[25]Felis pardalis.
[26]Buffon.
[26]Buffon.
[27]Felis marmorata.
[27]Felis marmorata.
[28]Felis viverrina.
[28]Felis viverrina.
[29]Felis pajeros.
[29]Felis pajeros.
[30]Felis macrura.
[30]Felis macrura.
[31]Felis tigrina.
[31]Felis tigrina.
[32]Felis ferox.
[32]Felis ferox.
[33]Brehm.
[33]Brehm.
[34]Felis jaguarondi.
[34]Felis jaguarondi.
[35]Felis eyra.
[35]Felis eyra.
[36]Felis serval.
[36]Felis serval.
[37]Felis rubiginosa.
[37]Felis rubiginosa.
[38]Felis bengalensis.
[38]Felis bengalensis.
[39]Jerdon.
[39]Jerdon.
[40]Felis aurata.
[40]Felis aurata.
[41]Felis torquata.
[41]Felis torquata.
[42]Scott, quoted by Jerdon.
[42]Scott, quoted by Jerdon.
[43]Felis manul.
[43]Felis manul.
[44]Felis maniculata.
[44]Felis maniculata.
[45]Felis catus.
[45]Felis catus.
[46]Brehm.
[46]Brehm.
[47]Felis domestica.
[47]Felis domestica.
[48]Pennant, “British Zoology.”
[48]Pennant, “British Zoology.”
[49]“Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.”
[49]“Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.”
[50]“Natural History of Selborne.”
[50]“Natural History of Selborne.”
[51]White’s “Selborne.”
[51]White’s “Selborne.”
[52]Felis chaus.
[52]Felis chaus.
[53]Felis lynx.
[53]Felis lynx.
[54]Tschudi, quoted by Brehm.
[54]Tschudi, quoted by Brehm.
[55]Felis pardina.
[55]Felis pardina.
[56]Felis canadensis.
[56]Felis canadensis.
[57]Felis rufa.
[57]Felis rufa.
[58]Felis caracal.
[58]Felis caracal.
[59]Felis jubata.
[59]Felis jubata.
[60]“Mammals of India.”
[60]“Mammals of India.”
[61]Hyænidæ.
[61]Hyænidæ.
[62]The dental formula is—incisors,3–33–3, canines,1–11–1, premolars,4–43–3, molars,1–11–1= 34.
[62]The dental formula is—incisors,3–33–3, canines,1–11–1, premolars,4–43–3, molars,1–11–1= 34.
[63]Lycaon.
[63]Lycaon.
[64]Hyæna crocuta.
[64]Hyæna crocuta.
[65]Andersson.
[65]Andersson.
[66]Harris.
[66]Harris.
[67]Hyæna brunneaorfusca.
[67]Hyæna brunneaorfusca.
[68]Hyæna striata.
[68]Hyæna striata.
[69]Canon Tristram.
[69]Canon Tristram.
[70]Cryptoproctidæ.
[70]Cryptoproctidæ.
[71]Cryptoprocta ferox.
[71]Cryptoprocta ferox.
[72]Protelidæ.
[72]Protelidæ.
[73]Proteles Lalandii.
[73]Proteles Lalandii.
[74]Viverridæ.
[74]Viverridæ.
[75]The dental formula is, therefore, incisors,3–33–3, canines,1–11–1, premolars,4–44–4, molars,2–22–2= 40.
[75]The dental formula is, therefore, incisors,3–33–3, canines,1–11–1, premolars,4–44–4, molars,2–22–2= 40.
[76]Viverra civetta.
[76]Viverra civetta.
[77]Viverra Zibetha.
[77]Viverra Zibetha.
[78]Viverra pallidaseurasse.
[78]Viverra pallidaseurasse.
[79]Genetta vulgaris.
[79]Genetta vulgaris.
[80]Herpestes griseus.
[80]Herpestes griseus.
[81]A plant allied to that which produces the well-knownnux vomica. It is used by Indian physicians in fevers, and as an antidote to poisons.
[81]A plant allied to that which produces the well-knownnux vomica. It is used by Indian physicians in fevers, and as an antidote to poisons.
[82]A tree allied to that which produces Peruvian bark. It is called the Mungo, or “Earth-gall,” by the Malays. It is also supposed to be an antidote to poisons.
[82]A tree allied to that which produces Peruvian bark. It is called the Mungo, or “Earth-gall,” by the Malays. It is also supposed to be an antidote to poisons.
[83]The “birth-wort.” It is used in India as a remedy for gout, and in England is given to Cows after calving.
[83]The “birth-wort.” It is used in India as a remedy for gout, and in England is given to Cows after calving.
[84]A tree allied to the acacias and to the sensitive plant.
[84]A tree allied to the acacias and to the sensitive plant.
[85]Pharsalia, lib. iv. 729.
[85]Pharsalia, lib. iv. 729.
[86]The nux vomica plant.
[86]The nux vomica plant.
[87]Urva cancrivora.
[87]Urva cancrivora.
[88]Paradoxurus musang.
[88]Paradoxurus musang.
[89]Arctictis binturong.
[89]Arctictis binturong.
[90]N.B.—The description of some members of the Viverridæ, or Civet family, has been inadvertently omitted from our chapter on that group, and will be found at the end of the article on the Land Carnivora (pp. 206–208).
[90]N.B.—The description of some members of the Viverridæ, or Civet family, has been inadvertently omitted from our chapter on that group, and will be found at the end of the article on the Land Carnivora (pp. 206–208).
[91]Canidæ.
[91]Canidæ.
[92]Canis familiaris.
[92]Canis familiaris.
[93]2 Kings xvii. 31.
[93]2 Kings xvii. 31.
[94]Darwin’s “Animals and Plants under Domestication.”
[94]Darwin’s “Animals and Plants under Domestication.”
[95]Youatt: “The Dog.”
[95]Youatt: “The Dog.”
[96]Darwin, “Animals and Plants under Domestication.”
[96]Darwin, “Animals and Plants under Domestication.”
[97]“Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” 1875.
[97]“Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” 1875.
[98]Darwin’s “Origin of Species.”
[98]Darwin’s “Origin of Species.”
[99]Dr. Huggins,Nature, Vol VII.
[99]Dr. Huggins,Nature, Vol VII.
[100]Youatt.
[100]Youatt.
[101]Youatt.
[101]Youatt.
[102]Darwin’s “Expression of the Emotions.”
[102]Darwin’s “Expression of the Emotions.”
[103]Moles.
[103]Moles.
[104]Quarterly Journal of Science, April, 1876.
[104]Quarterly Journal of Science, April, 1876.
[105]“St. Ronan’s Well.”
[105]“St. Ronan’s Well.”
[106]From theGlobenewspaper.
[106]From theGlobenewspaper.
[107]“Animal Depravity,”Quarterly Journal of Science, 1875.
[107]“Animal Depravity,”Quarterly Journal of Science, 1875.
[108]Quoted from theDaily Newsin the article on “Animal Depravity” in theQuarterly Journal of Sciencefor 1875.
[108]Quoted from theDaily Newsin the article on “Animal Depravity” in theQuarterly Journal of Sciencefor 1875.
[109]See Sir Thomas Watson: “Hydrophobia and Rabies,”Nineteenth Century, December, 1877.
[109]See Sir Thomas Watson: “Hydrophobia and Rabies,”Nineteenth Century, December, 1877.
[110]Sir J. Richardson’s “Fauna Boreali-Americana.”
[110]Sir J. Richardson’s “Fauna Boreali-Americana.”
[111]Hayes, quoted by Jesse.
[111]Hayes, quoted by Jesse.
[112]Youatt.
[112]Youatt.
[113]Tristram.
[113]Tristram.
[114]Youatt.
[114]Youatt.
[115]Youatt.
[115]Youatt.
[116]“The Straits of Malacca, Indo-China, and China.”
[116]“The Straits of Malacca, Indo-China, and China.”
[117]Canis primævus.
[117]Canis primævus.
[118]Williamson, quoted by Youatt.
[118]Williamson, quoted by Youatt.
[119]Canis dingo.
[119]Canis dingo.
[120]Youatt.
[120]Youatt.
[121]Youatt.
[121]Youatt.
[122]Canis lupus.
[122]Canis lupus.
[123]Virgil, Ec. ix., 53:—“All, all forgotten now, those youthful lays;My voice will follow, ay, my voice decays;The Wolf hath eyed me first, hath Mœris eyed.”
[123]Virgil, Ec. ix., 53:—
“All, all forgotten now, those youthful lays;My voice will follow, ay, my voice decays;The Wolf hath eyed me first, hath Mœris eyed.”
“All, all forgotten now, those youthful lays;My voice will follow, ay, my voice decays;The Wolf hath eyed me first, hath Mœris eyed.”
“All, all forgotten now, those youthful lays;My voice will follow, ay, my voice decays;The Wolf hath eyed me first, hath Mœris eyed.”
“All, all forgotten now, those youthful lays;
My voice will follow, ay, my voice decays;
The Wolf hath eyed me first, hath Mœris eyed.”
[124]L. Énault, quoted by Brehm.
[124]L. Énault, quoted by Brehm.
[125]Jesse: “History of the British Dog.”
[125]Jesse: “History of the British Dog.”
[126]Richardson: “Fauna Boreali-Americana,” 1829.
[126]Richardson: “Fauna Boreali-Americana,” 1829.
[127]Canis latrans.
[127]Canis latrans.
[128]Richardson.
[128]Richardson.
[129]Canis aureus.
[129]Canis aureus.
[130]Canis vulpes.
[130]Canis vulpes.
[131]Canis lagopus.
[131]Canis lagopus.
[132]Canis zerda.
[132]Canis zerda.
[133]Megalotis Lalandii.
[133]Megalotis Lalandii.
[134]The dental formula is, therefore, incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,4–44–4= 48.
[134]The dental formula is, therefore, incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,4–44–4= 48.
[135]Nycterentes procyonides.
[135]Nycterentes procyonides.
[136]Lycaon pictus.
[136]Lycaon pictus.
[137]Gordon Cumming quoted by A. Murray: “Geographical Distribution of Mammals.”
[137]Gordon Cumming quoted by A. Murray: “Geographical Distribution of Mammals.”
[138]Ursidæ.
[138]Ursidæ.
[139]Ursus arctos.
[139]Ursus arctos.
[140]“Lake ’Ngami.”
[140]“Lake ’Ngami.”
[141]Ursus americanus.
[141]Ursus americanus.
[142]Ursus ferox.
[142]Ursus ferox.
[143]Ursus syriacus.
[143]Ursus syriacus.
[144]Ursus isabellinus.
[144]Ursus isabellinus.
[145]Ursus tibetanusandU.(Helarctos)malayanus.
[145]Ursus tibetanusandU.(Helarctos)malayanus.
[146]Jerdon: “Mammals of India.”
[146]Jerdon: “Mammals of India.”
[147]Ursus(orMelursus)labiatus.
[147]Ursus(orMelursus)labiatus.
[148]Tickell, quoted by Jerdon.
[148]Tickell, quoted by Jerdon.
[149]Tannent: “Ceylon.”
[149]Tannent: “Ceylon.”
[150]Ursus(orHelarctos)ornatus.
[150]Ursus(orHelarctos)ornatus.
[151]Ursus(orThalassarctos)maritimus.
[151]Ursus(orThalassarctos)maritimus.
[152]R. Brown, quoted from “Arctic Manual.”
[152]R. Brown, quoted from “Arctic Manual.”
[153]Quoted by Jesse: “History of the British Dog.”
[153]Quoted by Jesse: “History of the British Dog.”
[154]Procyonidæ.
[154]Procyonidæ.
[155]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,2–22–2= 40.
[155]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,2–22–2= 40.
[156]Procyon lotor.
[156]Procyon lotor.
[157]Nasua narica.
[157]Nasua narica.
[158]Cercoleptes caudivolvulus.
[158]Cercoleptes caudivolvulus.
[159]Bassaris astuta.
[159]Bassaris astuta.
[160]Ailuridæ.
[160]Ailuridæ.
[161]Ailurus fulgens.
[161]Ailurus fulgens.
[162]Mustelidæ.
[162]Mustelidæ.
[163]“Fur-bearing Animals: a Monograph of North American Mustelidæ.”
[163]“Fur-bearing Animals: a Monograph of North American Mustelidæ.”
[164]Gulo luscus.
[164]Gulo luscus.
[165]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,1–12–2= 38.
[165]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,1–12–2= 38.
[166]Mustela martes.
[166]Mustela martes.
[167]Mustela Pennantii.
[167]Mustela Pennantii.
[168]Mustela zibellina.
[168]Mustela zibellina.
[169]Coues.
[169]Coues.
[170]Putorius vulgaris.The Weasel is very commonly referred to the genusMustela, but this name properly belongs to the Martens.
[170]Putorius vulgaris.The Weasel is very commonly referred to the genusMustela, but this name properly belongs to the Martens.
[171]Putorius erminca.
[171]Putorius erminca.
[172]Putorius fœtidus.
[172]Putorius fœtidus.
[173]Putorius furo.
[173]Putorius furo.
[174]Putorius lutreolaandP. vison.
[174]Putorius lutreolaandP. vison.
[175]Galictes vittata.
[175]Galictes vittata.
[176]Galictes barbara.
[176]Galictes barbara.
[177]Mellivora capensisandM. indica.
[177]Mellivora capensisandM. indica.
[178]Meles vulgaris.
[178]Meles vulgaris.
[179]The Times, Oct. 24th, 1877.
[179]The Times, Oct. 24th, 1877.
[180]Taxidea americana.
[180]Taxidea americana.
[181]Mydaus meliceps.
[181]Mydaus meliceps.
[182]Ictonyx zorilla.
[182]Ictonyx zorilla.
[183]Mephitis mephitica.
[183]Mephitis mephitica.
[184]Coues.
[184]Coues.
[185]Mephitis (or Spilogale) putorius.
[185]Mephitis (or Spilogale) putorius.
[186]Mephitis (or Conepatus) mapurito.
[186]Mephitis (or Conepatus) mapurito.
[187]Lutra vulgaris.
[187]Lutra vulgaris.
[188]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–43–3; molars,1–12–2= 36.
[188]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–43–3; molars,1–12–2= 36.
[189]“Malacca, Indo-China, and China.”
[189]“Malacca, Indo-China, and China.”
[190]Lutra canadensis.
[190]Lutra canadensis.
[191]Pteronura Sandbachii.
[191]Pteronura Sandbachii.
[192]Enhydra lutris.
[192]Enhydra lutris.
[193]Dental formula—Incisors,3–32–2; canines,1–11–1; premolars,3–33–3; molars,1–12–2= 32.
[193]Dental formula—Incisors,3–32–2; canines,1–11–1; premolars,3–33–3; molars,1–12–2= 32.
[194]Capt. C. M. Scammon, “American Naturalist,” Vol. IV., 1870.
[194]Capt. C. M. Scammon, “American Naturalist,” Vol. IV., 1870.
[195]H. W. Elliott, quoted by Coues, “Fur-bearing Animals.”
[195]H. W. Elliott, quoted by Coues, “Fur-bearing Animals.”
[196]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,2–22–2; molars,1–11–1= 28.
[196]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,2–22–2; molars,1–11–1= 28.
[197]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,3–33–3= 44.
[197]The dental formula is—Incisors,3–33–3; canines,1–11–1; premolars,4–44–4; molars,3–33–3= 44.
[198]“Les Enchaînements du Monde animal, dans les temps géologiques.” Paris, 1878.
[198]“Les Enchaînements du Monde animal, dans les temps géologiques.” Paris, 1878.
[199]Cynogale Bennettii.
[199]Cynogale Bennettii.
[200]Cynictis penicillata.
[200]Cynictis penicillata.
[201]Crossarchus obscurus.
[201]Crossarchus obscurus.
[202]Suricata zenick.
[202]Suricata zenick.
[203]Pinna, a fin;pes, a foot.
[203]Pinna, a fin;pes, a foot.
[204]Pinna, a fin;gradus, a step.
[204]Pinna, a fin;gradus, a step.
[205]From the Greek, θρίξ, a hair, and ἔχω, I have.
[205]From the Greek, θρίξ, a hair, and ἔχω, I have.
[206]From the Greek, οὖς, ὠτός an ear.
[206]From the Greek, οὖς, ὠτός an ear.
[207]From the Greek, φώκη, a seal.
[207]From the Greek, φώκη, a seal.
[208]Trichechus rosmarus.
[208]Trichechus rosmarus.
[209]Otaria ursinus, the genusCallorhinusof certain authorities.
[209]Otaria ursinus, the genusCallorhinusof certain authorities.
[210]Otaria Stelleri, the genusEumetopiasof Gray and others.
[210]Otaria Stelleri, the genusEumetopiasof Gray and others.
[211]Otaria Gilliespii.
[211]Otaria Gilliespii.
[212]Otaria Hookeri, the genusArctocephalusandPhocarctosof Gray.
[212]Otaria Hookeri, the genusArctocephalusandPhocarctosof Gray.
[213]Otaria albicollis, theNeophoca lobataof Gray.
[213]Otaria albicollis, theNeophoca lobataof Gray.
[214]Otaria jubata.
[214]Otaria jubata.
[215]Otaria falklandica, placed under the genusArctophocaby Peters, andEuotariaby Gray.
[215]Otaria falklandica, placed under the genusArctophocaby Peters, andEuotariaby Gray.
[216]Otaria pusilla, theArctocephalus antarticicusof Gray.
[216]Otaria pusilla, theArctocephalus antarticicusof Gray.
[217]Otaria Forsteri, theGypsophoca tropicalisof Gray.
[217]Otaria Forsteri, theGypsophoca tropicalisof Gray.
[218]Otaria (Euotaria) cinerea.
[218]Otaria (Euotaria) cinerea.
[219]Phoca vitulina, the genusCallocephalusof some authorities.
[219]Phoca vitulina, the genusCallocephalusof some authorities.
[220]Phoca fœtida, or Phoca hispida; the genusPagomysof Gray.
[220]Phoca fœtida, or Phoca hispida; the genusPagomysof Gray.
[221]Phoca groelandica; the genusPagophilusof Gray.
[221]Phoca groelandica; the genusPagophilusof Gray.
[222]Phoca barbata.
[222]Phoca barbata.
[223]Halichœrus gryphus.
[223]Halichœrus gryphus.
[224]Monachus albiventer.
[224]Monachus albiventer.
[225]Cystophora cristata.
[225]Cystophora cristata.
[226]Macrorhinus elephantinus; the genusMorungaof Gray.
[226]Macrorhinus elephantinus; the genusMorungaof Gray.
[227]Ommatophoca Rossii.
[227]Ommatophoca Rossii.
[228]Stenorhynchus leptonyx.
[228]Stenorhynchus leptonyx.
[229]Stenorhynchus (Leptonyx) Weddellii.
[229]Stenorhynchus (Leptonyx) Weddellii.
[230]Lobodon carcinophaga.
[230]Lobodon carcinophaga.
[231]Platanista gangetica.
[231]Platanista gangetica.
[232]Inia Geoffrensis.
[232]Inia Geoffrensis.
[233]Pontoporia Blainvillii.
[233]Pontoporia Blainvillii.
[234]Z. cavirostris.
[234]Z. cavirostris.
[235]Z. indicus.
[235]Z. indicus.
[236]M. Sowerbiensis.
[236]M. Sowerbiensis.
[237]Berardius Arnouxi.
[237]Berardius Arnouxi.
[238]Hyperoodon rostratus.
[238]Hyperoodon rostratus.
[239]Physeter macrocephalus.
[239]Physeter macrocephalus.
[240]Kogia breviceps; thePhyseter simusof Owen.
[240]Kogia breviceps; thePhyseter simusof Owen.
[241]K. (Euphysetes) Grayiiof MacLeay.
[241]K. (Euphysetes) Grayiiof MacLeay.
[242]Globiocephalus melas.
[242]Globiocephalus melas.
[243]Grampus griseus.
[243]Grampus griseus.
[244]Phocœna communis.
[244]Phocœna communis.
[245]Orca gladiator.
[245]Orca gladiator.
[246]Delphinus delphis.
[246]Delphinus delphis.
[247]D. tursio.
[247]D. tursio.
[248]Beluga leucas.
[248]Beluga leucas.
[249]Monodon monoceros.
[249]Monodon monoceros.
[250]Balæna mysticetus.
[250]Balæna mysticetus.
[251]Megaptera; μέγας, great, and πτερόν, fin.
[251]Megaptera; μέγας, great, and πτερόν, fin.
[252]Rhachianectes glaucusof Cope.
[252]Rhachianectes glaucusof Cope.
[253]Balænoptera; φάλαινα, a whale, and πτερόν, fin.
[253]Balænoptera; φάλαινα, a whale, and πτερόν, fin.
[254]Rhytina Stelleri.
[254]Rhytina Stelleri.
[255]Halicore dugong.
[255]Halicore dugong.
[256]παχὺς, thick; δέρμα, skin.
[256]παχὺς, thick; δέρμα, skin.
[257]Elephas indicus.
[257]Elephas indicus.
[258]Graphic, June 12, 1875.
[258]Graphic, June 12, 1875.
[259]Elephas africanus.
[259]Elephas africanus.
[260]From the Latinunguis,ungula, a hoof.
[260]From the Latinunguis,ungula, a hoof.
[261]περισσός, uneven; δάκτυλος, toe.
[261]περισσός, uneven; δάκτυλος, toe.
[262]ἄρτιος, even; δάκτυλος, toe.
[262]ἄρτιος, even; δάκτυλος, toe.
[263]Tapirus americanus.
[263]Tapirus americanus.
[264]Tapirus villosus.
[264]Tapirus villosus.
[265]Tapirus malayanus.
[265]Tapirus malayanus.
[266]Philosophical Transactions, xlii.
[266]Philosophical Transactions, xlii.
[267]Rhinoceros Oswellii.
[267]Rhinoceros Oswellii.
[268]The numbers in each figure refer to the digits, the thumb being always absent. The seven square-shaped bones above the digits in each figure constitute the wrist or carpus. Above these are the large radius, and the small ulna in some.
[268]The numbers in each figure refer to the digits, the thumb being always absent. The seven square-shaped bones above the digits in each figure constitute the wrist or carpus. Above these are the large radius, and the small ulna in some.
[269]ἀ, without; ὀπλή, a hoof; θηρίον, wild beast; wild beast without hoof.
[269]ἀ, without; ὀπλή, a hoof; θηρίον, wild beast; wild beast without hoof.
[270]Sus scrofa.
[270]Sus scrofa.
[271]Sus scrofa(Indian variety).
[271]Sus scrofa(Indian variety).
[272]Phacochœrus Ælianus.
[272]Phacochœrus Ælianus.