[Pg iii]CONTENTS.
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PAGETHE STILT-WALKERS(Grallatores).HEBUSTARDS(Otides):—The Great Bustard—The Little Bustard—The Houbaras—The Indian Houbara—The African Ruffled Bustard—The Florikin1-9THECOURSERS(Tachydromi):—The Cream-coloured Courser—The Trochilus, or Crocodile Watcher—The Pratincoles, or Swallow-winged Waders—The Collared Pratincole9-14THETHICK-KNEES(Œdicnemi):—The Common Thick-knee, or Stone Curlew14,15THEPLOVERS(Charadrii):—The Golden Plover—The Ringed Plover—The Dotted Plovers—The Dotted Plover, or Dotterel—The Shore Plovers—The Little Shore Plover, or Little Ringed Plover—The Lapwings, or Peewits—The Peewit, or Lapwing—The Spur-winged Lapwing—The Lappeted Peewit—The Turnstone—The Pied Oyster-catcher, or Sea Pie15-29THESNIPES(Limicolæ):—The True Snipes—The Woodcock—The Marsh Snipes—The Common Snipe—The Moor Snipes—The Jack Snipe29-35THESANDPIPERS(Tringæ):—The Curlew Sandpipers—The Pigmy Curlew Sandpiper—The Sanderling—The Mud Sandpiper—The Dwarf Sandpiper—The Ruff35-42THEPHALAROPES(Phalaropi):—The Hyperborean Phalarope—The Red Phalarope42-44THELONGSHANKS(Totani)44,45THETRUESANDPIPERS(Actitis):—The Common Sandpiper—The Greenshank45-47THEGODWITS(Limosa):—The Red or Bar-tailed Godwit—The Black-winged Stilt47-50THESCOOPINGAVOCETS(Recurvirostræ):—The Scooping Avocet50,51THECURLEWS(Numenii):—The Great Curlew, or Whaap—The Hard-billed Waders—The Ibises—The Falcinels—The Glossy Ibis—The Scarlet Ibis—The White, Egyptian, or Sacred Ibis[Pg iv]51-58THESPOONBILLS(Plataleæ):—The Common Spoonbill. The BOAT-BILLS(Cancromata):—The Whale-headed Stork, or Shoe-beak—The Savaku, or Boat-bill—The Hammer-head, or Shadow Bird58-63THESTORKS(Ciconiæ):—The Tantali—The Ibis-like Tantalus—The True Storks—The White or House Stork—The Simbil—The Senegal Jabiru—The Jabiru63-74THEADJUTANTS, ARGALAS,ORMARABOUS(Leptoptilos) The African Marabou—The Indian Adjutant, or Argala74,75THECLAPPER-BILLEDSTORKS,ORSHELL-EATERS(Anastomus):—The African Clapper-bill, or Shell-eater75,76THEHERONS(Ardeæ):—The Common Heron—The Giant Heron. The WHITEHERONS(Herodias):—The Great White Heron—The Lesser Egret—The Cattle Heron—The Night Heron76-83THEBITTERNS(Ardetta):—The Little Bittern—The Common Bittern—The Sun Bittern, or Peacock Heron83-87THEMARSH-WADERS(Paludicolæ). The CRANES(Grues):—The Common Crane—The Demoiselle, or Numidian Crane. The AFRICANCROWNEDCRANES(Balearica):—The Crowned African or Peacock Crane. The FIELDSTORKS(Arvicolæ). The SNAKECRANES(Dicholophus):—The Brazilian Cariama, or Crested Screamer87-94THETRUMPETERS(Psophia):—The Agami, or Gold-breasted Trumpeter. The SCREAMERS(Palamedeæ):—The Aniuma, or Horned Screamer—The Chauna, or Tschaja94-98THERAILS(Ralli). The SNIPERAILS(Rhynchæa):—The Golden Rail, or Painted Cape Snipe—The Water Rail—The ARAMIDES(Aramides):—The Serrakura—The Land Rail, or Corn Crake. The JACANAS(Parræ):—The Chilian Jacana—The Chinese Jacana98-103THEWATER-HENS(Gallinulæ). The GALLINULES(Porphyrio):—The Hyacinthine Porphyrio—The Purple Gallinule. The WATER-HENS(Stagnicola):—The Common Gallinule, or Moor-hen103-110THECOOTS(Fulica):—The Common Coot—The Finfoots—The Surinam Finfoot, or Picapare110-113
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HEBUSTARDS(Otides):—The Great Bustard—The Little Bustard—The Houbaras—The Indian Houbara—The African Ruffled Bustard—The Florikin1-9
THECOURSERS(Tachydromi):—The Cream-coloured Courser—The Trochilus, or Crocodile Watcher—The Pratincoles, or Swallow-winged Waders—The Collared Pratincole9-14
THETHICK-KNEES(Œdicnemi):—The Common Thick-knee, or Stone Curlew14,15
THEPLOVERS(Charadrii):—The Golden Plover—The Ringed Plover—The Dotted Plovers—The Dotted Plover, or Dotterel—The Shore Plovers—The Little Shore Plover, or Little Ringed Plover—The Lapwings, or Peewits—The Peewit, or Lapwing—The Spur-winged Lapwing—The Lappeted Peewit—The Turnstone—The Pied Oyster-catcher, or Sea Pie15-29
THESNIPES(Limicolæ):—The True Snipes—The Woodcock—The Marsh Snipes—The Common Snipe—The Moor Snipes—The Jack Snipe29-35
THESANDPIPERS(Tringæ):—The Curlew Sandpipers—The Pigmy Curlew Sandpiper—The Sanderling—The Mud Sandpiper—The Dwarf Sandpiper—The Ruff35-42
THEPHALAROPES(Phalaropi):—The Hyperborean Phalarope—The Red Phalarope42-44
THELONGSHANKS(Totani)44,45
THETRUESANDPIPERS(Actitis):—The Common Sandpiper—The Greenshank45-47
THEGODWITS(Limosa):—The Red or Bar-tailed Godwit—The Black-winged Stilt47-50
THESCOOPINGAVOCETS(Recurvirostræ):—The Scooping Avocet50,51
THECURLEWS(Numenii):—The Great Curlew, or Whaap—The Hard-billed Waders—The Ibises—The Falcinels—The Glossy Ibis—The Scarlet Ibis—The White, Egyptian, or Sacred Ibis[Pg iv]51-58
THESPOONBILLS(Plataleæ):—The Common Spoonbill. The BOAT-BILLS(Cancromata):—The Whale-headed Stork, or Shoe-beak—The Savaku, or Boat-bill—The Hammer-head, or Shadow Bird58-63
THESTORKS(Ciconiæ):—The Tantali—The Ibis-like Tantalus—The True Storks—The White or House Stork—The Simbil—The Senegal Jabiru—The Jabiru63-74
THEADJUTANTS, ARGALAS,ORMARABOUS(Leptoptilos) The African Marabou—The Indian Adjutant, or Argala74,75
THECLAPPER-BILLEDSTORKS,ORSHELL-EATERS(Anastomus):—The African Clapper-bill, or Shell-eater75,76
THEHERONS(Ardeæ):—The Common Heron—The Giant Heron. The WHITEHERONS(Herodias):—The Great White Heron—The Lesser Egret—The Cattle Heron—The Night Heron76-83
THEBITTERNS(Ardetta):—The Little Bittern—The Common Bittern—The Sun Bittern, or Peacock Heron83-87
THEMARSH-WADERS(Paludicolæ). The CRANES(Grues):—The Common Crane—The Demoiselle, or Numidian Crane. The AFRICANCROWNEDCRANES(Balearica):—The Crowned African or Peacock Crane. The FIELDSTORKS(Arvicolæ). The SNAKECRANES(Dicholophus):—The Brazilian Cariama, or Crested Screamer87-94
THETRUMPETERS(Psophia):—The Agami, or Gold-breasted Trumpeter. The SCREAMERS(Palamedeæ):—The Aniuma, or Horned Screamer—The Chauna, or Tschaja94-98
THERAILS(Ralli). The SNIPERAILS(Rhynchæa):—The Golden Rail, or Painted Cape Snipe—The Water Rail—The ARAMIDES(Aramides):—The Serrakura—The Land Rail, or Corn Crake. The JACANAS(Parræ):—The Chilian Jacana—The Chinese Jacana98-103
THEWATER-HENS(Gallinulæ). The GALLINULES(Porphyrio):—The Hyacinthine Porphyrio—The Purple Gallinule. The WATER-HENS(Stagnicola):—The Common Gallinule, or Moor-hen103-110
THECOOTS(Fulica):—The Common Coot—The Finfoots—The Surinam Finfoot, or Picapare110-113
THESIEVEBEAKS(Lamellirostres). The FLAMINGOES(Phœnicopteri). The SWANS(Cygni):—The Mute Swan—The Whistling Swan—Bewick's Swan—The Black-necked Swan—The Black Swan[Pg v]114-129THEGEESE(Anseres):—The Spur-winged Goose—The Grey, or Wild Goose—The Canada Goose—The Snow Goose. The SEAGEESE(Bernicla):—The Brent Goose. The FOXYGEESE(Chenalopex):—The Nile Goose. The DWARFGEESE(Nettapus):—The White-bodied Goose Teal—The Cereopsis Goose129-143THEDUCKS(Anates):—The Ruddy Sheldrake, or Brahminy Duck. The SHELDRAKES(Vulpanser):—The Common Sheldrake. The TREEDUCKS(Dendrocygna):—The Widow Duck—The Wild Duck—The Wood or Summer Duck—The Chinese Teal, or Mandarin Duck—The Shoveler Duck—The Musk Duck. The DIVINGDUCKS(Fuligulæ). The EIDERDUCKS(Somateria):—The True Eider Duck, or St. Cuthbert's Duck—The King Eider. The WESTERNor STELLER'SEIDERDUCK(SomateriaorHeniconetta Stellerii). The SCOTERS(Oidemia):—The Velvet Scoter. The FENDUCKS(Aythya):—The Red-headed Duck, Dunbird, or Pochard. The PIN-TAILEDDUCKS(Erismatura):—The White-headed Pin-tailed Duck143-170THEMERGANSERS, or GOOSANDERS(Mergi):—The White-headed Goosander—The Green-headed Goosander170-174THE SEA-FLIERS(Longipennes).THETERNS, or SEASWALLOWS(Sternæ). The RAPACIOUSTERNS(Sylochelidon):—The Caspian Tern. The RIVERTERNS(Sterna):—The Common Tern—The Lesser Tern. The WATERSWALLOWS(Hydrochelidon):—The Black Marsh Tern—The White-winged Tern—The White bearded Tern—The White or Silky Tern—The Noddy175-185THESCISSOR-BILLS(Rhynchopes):—The Indian Scissor-bill185,186THEGULLS(Lari):—The Fishing Gulls—The Great Black-backed Gulls—The Lesser Black-backed or Yellow-legged Gull—The Herring Gull—The Large or Glaucous White-winged Gull—The Lesser White-winged Gull. The ICEGULLS(Pagophila):—The Ivory Gull186-194THEKITTIWAKES(Rissa). The BLACK-HEADEDGULLS(Chroicocephalus):—The Laughing Gull—The Great Black-headed Gull—The Lesser Black-headed Gull—The Little Gull194-198THESKUAS(Lestres):—The Common Skua—Buffon's or the Parasite Skua—Ross's Rosy Gull198-203THEPETRELS, or STORMBIRDS(Procellaridæ).—The ALBATROSSES(Diomedæ):—The Wandering Albatross—The Yellow-billed Albatross—The Sooty Albatross. The TRUEPETRELS(Procellariæ):—The Giant Petrel—The Fulmar Petrel—The Cape Petrel—The Broad-billed Prion, or Duck Petrel. The STORMPETRELS(Oceanides):—The Common Storm Petrel—Leach's Storm Petrel203-217THEPUFFINS(Puffini):—The Manx Puffin, or Shearwater[Pg vi]217,218THE OAR-FOOTED SEA-FLIERS(Steganopodes).THETROPICBIRDS(Phaëton):—The White-tailed Tropic Bird. The Red-tailed Tropic Bird. The GANNETS(Sula):—The Common Gannet—The Frigate Bird219-227THECORMORANTS(Haliei). The DARTERS, or SNAKE-NECKS(Plotus):—The Anhinga—Le Vaillant's Snake Bird—The Common Cormorant227-235THEPELICANS(Pelecani):—The White Pelican—The Great Tufted or Dalmatian Pelican235-239THE DIVERS(Urinatores).THEGREBES(Podicipites):—The Crested Grebe—The Little Grebe. The DIVERS(Colymbi):—The Great Northern Diver—The Black-throated Diver—The Red-throated Diver. The LOONS(Uriæ): The Greenland Dove, or Black Guillemot. The TRUEGUILLEMOTS(Uria): The Common or Foolish Guillemot—The Little Auk or Guillemot240-255THESTARIKIS(Phaleres):—The Stariki. The AUKS(Alcæ):—The Razor-bill—The Great Auk—The Coulterneb, or Arctic Puffin255-264THEPENGUINS(Aptenodytes):—The King Penguin. The TRUEPENGUINS(Spheniscus):—The Spectacled, or Cape Penguin. The LEAPINGPENGUINS(Eudypetes):—The Golden or Crested Penguin265-268
THESIEVEBEAKS(Lamellirostres). The FLAMINGOES(Phœnicopteri). The SWANS(Cygni):—The Mute Swan—The Whistling Swan—Bewick's Swan—The Black-necked Swan—The Black Swan[Pg v]114-129
THEGEESE(Anseres):—The Spur-winged Goose—The Grey, or Wild Goose—The Canada Goose—The Snow Goose. The SEAGEESE(Bernicla):—The Brent Goose. The FOXYGEESE(Chenalopex):—The Nile Goose. The DWARFGEESE(Nettapus):—The White-bodied Goose Teal—The Cereopsis Goose129-143
THEDUCKS(Anates):—The Ruddy Sheldrake, or Brahminy Duck. The SHELDRAKES(Vulpanser):—The Common Sheldrake. The TREEDUCKS(Dendrocygna):—The Widow Duck—The Wild Duck—The Wood or Summer Duck—The Chinese Teal, or Mandarin Duck—The Shoveler Duck—The Musk Duck. The DIVINGDUCKS(Fuligulæ). The EIDERDUCKS(Somateria):—The True Eider Duck, or St. Cuthbert's Duck—The King Eider. The WESTERNor STELLER'SEIDERDUCK(SomateriaorHeniconetta Stellerii). The SCOTERS(Oidemia):—The Velvet Scoter. The FENDUCKS(Aythya):—The Red-headed Duck, Dunbird, or Pochard. The PIN-TAILEDDUCKS(Erismatura):—The White-headed Pin-tailed Duck143-170
THEMERGANSERS, or GOOSANDERS(Mergi):—The White-headed Goosander—The Green-headed Goosander170-174
THETERNS, or SEASWALLOWS(Sternæ). The RAPACIOUSTERNS(Sylochelidon):—The Caspian Tern. The RIVERTERNS(Sterna):—The Common Tern—The Lesser Tern. The WATERSWALLOWS(Hydrochelidon):—The Black Marsh Tern—The White-winged Tern—The White bearded Tern—The White or Silky Tern—The Noddy175-185
THESCISSOR-BILLS(Rhynchopes):—The Indian Scissor-bill185,186
THEGULLS(Lari):—The Fishing Gulls—The Great Black-backed Gulls—The Lesser Black-backed or Yellow-legged Gull—The Herring Gull—The Large or Glaucous White-winged Gull—The Lesser White-winged Gull. The ICEGULLS(Pagophila):—The Ivory Gull186-194
THEKITTIWAKES(Rissa). The BLACK-HEADEDGULLS(Chroicocephalus):—The Laughing Gull—The Great Black-headed Gull—The Lesser Black-headed Gull—The Little Gull194-198
THESKUAS(Lestres):—The Common Skua—Buffon's or the Parasite Skua—Ross's Rosy Gull198-203
THEPETRELS, or STORMBIRDS(Procellaridæ).—The ALBATROSSES(Diomedæ):—The Wandering Albatross—The Yellow-billed Albatross—The Sooty Albatross. The TRUEPETRELS(Procellariæ):—The Giant Petrel—The Fulmar Petrel—The Cape Petrel—The Broad-billed Prion, or Duck Petrel. The STORMPETRELS(Oceanides):—The Common Storm Petrel—Leach's Storm Petrel203-217
THEPUFFINS(Puffini):—The Manx Puffin, or Shearwater[Pg vi]217,218
THETROPICBIRDS(Phaëton):—The White-tailed Tropic Bird. The Red-tailed Tropic Bird. The GANNETS(Sula):—The Common Gannet—The Frigate Bird219-227
THECORMORANTS(Haliei). The DARTERS, or SNAKE-NECKS(Plotus):—The Anhinga—Le Vaillant's Snake Bird—The Common Cormorant227-235
THEPELICANS(Pelecani):—The White Pelican—The Great Tufted or Dalmatian Pelican235-239
THEGREBES(Podicipites):—The Crested Grebe—The Little Grebe. The DIVERS(Colymbi):—The Great Northern Diver—The Black-throated Diver—The Red-throated Diver. The LOONS(Uriæ): The Greenland Dove, or Black Guillemot. The TRUEGUILLEMOTS(Uria): The Common or Foolish Guillemot—The Little Auk or Guillemot240-255
THESTARIKIS(Phaleres):—The Stariki. The AUKS(Alcæ):—The Razor-bill—The Great Auk—The Coulterneb, or Arctic Puffin255-264
THEPENGUINS(Aptenodytes):—The King Penguin. The TRUEPENGUINS(Spheniscus):—The Spectacled, or Cape Penguin. The LEAPINGPENGUINS(Eudypetes):—The Golden or Crested Penguin265-268
[Pg vii]