No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.11599VI25320IXManila and neighboring provinces. Damaged many private buildings in Manila; cracked the vault of the Jesuit Church so badly that it had to be demolished and replaced by a ceiling; fissured the walls and ruined the roof of Santo Domingo Church.21600I200VIIIEarthquake of destructive force and long duration in Manila; extent of damage unknown.31600XI———VIViolent and protracted earthquake.41601I160—VIIIManila and adjacent provinces. Did considerable damage to some churches and many private houses in Manila. Its duration was unusually great, it being said that during 7 minutes the shocks were almost continuous. There were several dead and a great number of injured. The repetitions were frequent throughout the year.51608XII3——VI-VIILeyte Island. Violent chiefly in the country around Dulag and Palo (E coast of northern Leyte). It does not appear to have been destructive.61610XI———IXManila and provinces east of it. Several writers call it a "terrible earthquake which progressed from E to W."71620————IXPanay Island. Great convulsions of the ground; the Aclan River changed its course. The few stone buildings in the affected districts, as, for instance, the church at Passi, Province of Iloilo, were badly cracked, the wooden structures either fell, owing to the snapping of the uprights, or remained inclined in various directions. The provinces which suffered most were those of Iloilo and Capiz.81627VIII———XNorthern Luzon. The historians mention it as one of the earthquakes which caused the greatest convulsions in northern Luzon, especially in Ilocos Norte and Cagayan, but above all in the region of the Central Central Cordillera, Lepanto, and Bontoc. The data are somewhat vague. It is said that part of the northern Caraballo Mountains subsided.91628————IXCamarines and Albay. A destructive earthquake in which, it is said, a mountain burst and emitted a river of water and mud which swept away the town of Camarines and others. The name of Camarines was at the time used to designate the present town of Camalig and the district near the southern slopes of Mayon Volcano. The flood mentioned was probably an avalanche of water, sand, volcanic ashes, and lapilli, such as also on other occasions have occurred on the slopes of the same volcano during periods of torrential rains.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.101636XII21——IXWestern Mindanao. Destructive earthquake. The epicenter appears to have been in Illana Bay. Great landslides are reported to have occurred at Point Flechas which is between the Bays of Illana and Sibuguey.111641I4——XNorthern Luzon. Destructive earthquake, accompanied by great landslides in the mountains and eruptions of water and mud in the region of northern Luzon which comprises the Provinces of the Ilocos, of Cagayan, and the Cordillera Central. All the historians of the Archipelago mention this cataclysm which occurred shortly after the almost simultaneous eruptions of Sanguir and Jolo.121645XI3020—XThe most terrible earthquake recorded in the annals of the Archipelago. It might almost be said that from Manila to Cagayan and Ilocos Norte it left no stone upon the other. In the capital, where during the preceding fifty years a great number of stone buildings had been erected, magnificent churches, palaces, and public buildings, as well as private residences and villas, the destruction was frightful. Ten churches were wrecked entirely, to wit: the Royal Chapel, Cathedral, Santo Domingo, those of the Recollects and Franciscans, Santiago, San Antonio, Nuestra Señora de Guia, and the parish churches of Binondo and San Miguel; only San Agustin and the Jesuit Church remained standing. Twelve monasteries, colleges, and hospitals were likewise converted into ruins. No better fared the palace of the Governor-General, the Real Audiencia and up to 150 of the finest residences which, as one author puts it, "in other cities would have been considerable palaces." The rest of the private houses were damaged to so great an extent that the majority had to be demolished. The number of persons killed exceeded 600 and the total of killed and injured is stated to have been 3,000.Outside of Manila there was a general destruction of villas and other buildings which had been erected on both banks of the Pasig River. Throughout the neighboring provinces the masonry structures built by the missionaries suffered the same fate as those in Manila. From the farthest provinces in the north were reported great alterations of the surface with almost complete disappearance of some native villages, changes in the courses of rivers, subsidences of plains, eruptions of sand, etc. All the writers of the time qualify this disturbance as the most disastrous earthquake not only in Luzon, but likewise in Mindoro, Marinduque, and the other islands south of Luzon. On the other hand, the provinces of Camarines and Albay appear to have suffered little or nothing.131645XII523—VIIIThe earthquake of November 30 was followed by almost daily repetitions and countless aftershocks, one of which, on December 5, was of such intensity as to finish the wrecking of many buildings, "leaving [as a chronicler writes] the city in such condition that it was impossible to walk through it." Aftershocks of variable force continued to be very frequent throughout an entire year; that is, until the end of 1646.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.141646III———VIAccording to several chroniclers, the aforementioned aftershocks were more were more frequent and of greater intensity during the month of March, some of them assuming a violent character.151648————VIIISouthern Luzon. Very violent earthquake, damaging many buildings (Von Hoff).161653V1——VIEarthquake in Manila and surrounding provinces.171658VIII2017—IXDestructive earthquake. Some historians maintain that it was as severe as that of 1645; but it caused fewer ruins, partly on account of its short duration, partly because it found buildings of less height and greater power or resistance than those erected before 1645. Nevertheless it destroyed the monastery of Santa Clara and did great damage to the churches and monasteries of the Dominicans and Recollects, likewise to the archiepiscopal palace, the Jesuit College, and a considerable number of private buildings. The epicentral region appears to have included only the southern part of Luzon.181665VI19——VIIIDestructive in Manila and adjacent provinces. In the ruins of numerous houses 19 persons perished and many more were injured. Of public buildings only the Jesuit Church is mentioned as having suffered to some extent.191675II———VIIIDestructive in northern Mindoro and Batangas Province. Mention is made of extensive landslides, the opening of many fissures and the subsidence of large tracts on the beach of the northeast coast of Mindoro. The repetitions were many and severe.201683VIII24——VIIDamaged some buildings in Manila.211687II———VISeveral violent earthquakes, which, however, caused no notable damages.221699————VIIMany chroniclers assure us that during this year and the following destructive earthquakes visited Manila; but there is great confusion as to the days and months in which they occurred.231716IX24——VIIVicinity of Taal Volcano. Violent in Manila and the Provinces of Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, and Batangas. Connected with an eruption of the volcano. At each spasm of the latter the earth shook so violently that many buildings in Manila and the provinces mentioned suffered much harm, especially those in the vicinity of Lake Bombon, within which is situated the said volcano.241728XI28——IXRemarkable on account of its having been very perceptible throughout the entire Archipelago. Caused considerable damage in Manila and towns in southern Luzon.251730————IXDestructive in the Provinces of Tayabas and Laguna; ruined the church and the church andconventoat Mauban and other buildings in this and other towns of the two provinces.261743————IXDestructive in Tayabas Province, wrecking masonry structures in the town of Tayabas and others.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.271749VIII129—IXA violent eruption of Taal Volcano, which caused great havoc in all the towns on the shores of Lake Bombon. The shocks which accompanied each of the intermittent outbursts of the volcano were so severe that they left hardly any building undamaged throughout the provinces in the neighborhood of Manila—Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Tayabas, and in northern Mindoro. The convulsions of the ground were very remarkable; displacement occurred and fissures, both wide and deep, opened in the entire Province of Batangas and likewise in Cavite Province, up to Lake Bay. As the shocks occurred during many days, the majority of Manila's inhabitants abandoned the Walled City and lived under tents or in structures of bamboo and nipa. The greatest force of the earthquakes and, consequently, the greatest upheavals seem to have occurred in the region stretching from Taal Volcano toward Talim Island (Lake Bay) and the Antipolo Mountain Range.Repetitions and aftershocks were frequent during nearly a year.281754V1521—XAnother eruption of Taal Volcano, the most terrible in the history of the Islands. All the towns which surrounded Lake Bombon were destroyed completely. When rebuilt, they were placed at a distance from the lake. There occurred most violent earthquakes which produced disasters in the neighboring provinces equal too, if not exceeding those of 1749. The spasms, separated by intervals of greater or less duration, lasted 7 months, the principal outbursts being always accompanied by very intense earthquakes which made themselves felt throughout a large part of Luzon, on Mindoro Island, and northern Panay.291766XII71045VIIA violent earthquake, but did very slight damage in Manila. During the month many more earthquakes of less intensity were felt; in fact they had been frequent ever since the preceding August. There exist no data concerning the provinces around Manila.301767II815VIIManila and neighboring provinces. Violent earthquake, preceded and followed by numerous shocks of smaller intensity.311767XI131525VIIVery violent. In Manila a few walls fell and tile roofs sagged. Slight repetitions marked the succeeding days. Nothing is known of the happenings in the near-by provinces.321770XII—23—VIIIDestructive earthquake. Mr. Sonnerat states that it wrecked many houses in Manila. This traveler was at the time on board a ship in the very Bay of Manila; hence it is very strange that he does not give the day of the month on which the disaster took place.331771II1——VIIIVery severe earthquake which laid in ruins several buildings in Manila, express mention being made of the Church of Nuestra Señora de Guia in Ermita, a suburb of Manila. This is probably the same disturbance which, according to some writers, in the beginning of February damaged the church of Antipolo and others in La Laguna and Cavite Provinces.341783IV19——VIViolent earthquake in Dapitan and the whole of northwestern Mindanao.351787V136—VIIIVery violent in southern Panay, especially in the Province of Iloilo.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.361787VII137—XPanay Island. A terrible earthquake which left the whole island strewn with ruins. Of 15 to 20 churches andconventosin Iloilo Province only two or three remained standing; in the two other provinces, Capiz and Antique, the destruction was less universal. Even the thick walls of the fort at Iloilo were breached in many places. There were subsidences in the plains and landslides in the mountains and mighty fissures opened. It is stated that the victims were numerous: in one building 15 persons perished.371796————IXMany writers assert that during this year a most violent earthquake shook Manila and was followed by severe repetitions during the succeeding 20 days. But, although all agree that the quake was destructive, not one of them gives precise information as to its effects.381797II-III—14—VIIA violent earthquake but not destructive in Manila took place between February 11 and March 7. It fissured walls and ruined tile roofs.391811X5——IXDestructive earthquake in Camarines Province. It wrecked many churches,conventos, and other buildings throughout the province, from San Miguel Bay to the vicinity of Albay.401814II2——VIIAlbay. Violent earthquakes which preceded and accompanied the great eruption of Mayon Volcano, Province of Albay. Several towns situated on the slopes of the mountain were destroyed by this outburst, while others, at a greater distance, suffered less severely.411818————VIIDapitan, northwestern Mindanao. Several violent earthquakes with countless repetitions distributed through 6 months.421824I———VIIEarthquake, violent in Manila and destructive in Cagayan and Isabela Provinces, northeastern Luzon.431824IX29——IXCentral Luzon. Destructive, making many ruins throughout the Provinces of Tayabas, Laguna, Rizal, and Nueva Ecija. The churches of Cavinti and Lukban were destroyed, that of Antipolo and others badly damaged.441824X26——IXDestructive in Manila and neighboring provinces. Spoiled the Bridge of Spain and the barracks in its vicinity, the church of Saint Francis and others and many private houses. Frightened by the continual repetitions, people left the city to live in nipa houses and under tents. The undulations seemed to come from north-northwest.451828XI91830VIIIDestructive earthquake. Damaged several churches in Manila, likewise the prison and many private residences. The shocks appeared to advance from south to north.461830I1817—IXSouthern Luzon. Destructive in the Provinces of Rizal, Laguna, and Tayabas. In Manila the damage was confined to the cracking of walls and the falling of such as had little power of resistance; but toward Laguna and Tayabas the destruction was greater; the complete destruction of the church andconventoof Mauban is expressly mentioned.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.471836I5——VIIVery violent earthquake in western Mindanao. The epicenter was in Illana Bay. Severe shocks were felt in Cotabato and Zamboanga, 250 kilometers distant from each other.481840————IXDestructive earthquake in Sorsogon and Masbate. Ruined the masonry buildings. In Sorsogon Bay extensive subsidences occurred; the sea invaded the town, causing great destruction and claiming many victims.491852IX161845IXCentral Luzon. Destructive earthquake which made itself felt with violence in the Provinces of Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Tayabas, Bataan, Zambales, Pampanga, Bulacan, and Nueva Ecija. In Manila it damaged severely a great number of buildings, among them the cathedral and the churches of the Jesuits, San Miguel, and Paco, the church andconventoat Pandacan (near Manila), and many houses. It is stated that the damage was (relatively) vastly greater in the Provinces of Bataan, Cavite, and Batangas, where many fissures opened and subsidences and landslides occurred. The zone most severely chastised seems to have stretched from the Zambales Mountain Range as far as the coasts of Batangas and Northern Mindoro. Aftershocks were frequent until the middle of October.501852IX25——VIVery strong earthquake in Camarines and Albay Provinces.511852XII24——IXDestructive earthquake in Batangas Province and northern Mindoro. Ruined many buildings, among which were the church of Taal and the church andconventoof Bauang; the church of Batangas likewise suffered severely.521853————VIIIDestructive earthquake in Camarines Province. Made ruins in many towns of the southeastern part of the province, express mention being made of the church,convento, tribunal, and the schools of Pulangui.531855III22——VIIIVery violent earthquake in southeastern Luzon. Caused likewise some ruins in the Provinces of Camarines, Albay, and Sorsogon.541858————VIVery strong earthquakes throughout the district of Cotabato and the south of Lanao district; but it is not known whether they caused extensive damages.551862III41730VIIViolent earthquake; cracked some buildings in Manila and the neighboring provinces.561862VII13162VIIViolent earthquake which displayed its greatest intensity to the east-northeast of Manila, in the vicinity of Casiguran and Baler Bays. Damaged the church andconventoof Baler. Several aftershocks followed during the next 4 days.571862IX93—VIIIIlocos Norte and Cagayan. The epicenter lay within the Central Cordillera. Did some damage to the church of Piddig and to other towns situated near the Cordillera.581862X301230VILaguna Province. Very strong earthquake, doing slight damage in the towns south of Lake Bay and close to the volcanic cone of Mount Maquiling.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.591863VI31920XManila and adjacent provinces. A disastrous earthquake, comparable with that of 1645. Laid in ruins the cathedral and nearly all the other churches, except San Agustin, the palace of the Governor-General, the Audiencia, the barracks, warehouses, etc.; all in all, 46 public buildings in ruins and 25 others badly damaged. Of private houses 570 were destroyed, 531 left tottering. Total, 1,172 buildings in ruins or badly damaged. The number of victims was appalling. It is estimated that in Manila and the surrounding towns alone the number of killed reached 400, that of the injured 2,000. The catastrophe likewise involved many towns in Rizal, Laguna, and Cavite, where it destroyed churches and a great number of houses.601863VI9——VIIViolent earthquake which in Manila and neighboring towns brought to the ground several buildings left in a tottering condition by the preceding disturbance.611864I3——VIOrigin, south of Illana Bay. It was felt very strongly both at Zamboanga and Cotabato; the former west, the latter east of the bay mentioned.621865XI234—VIStrong earthquake which caused great excitement in Manila and adjacent provinces.631866XII293—VIIIlocos Norte. Very violent earthquake. Damaged several buildings at Laoag and in other towns of the province.641867I5945VIAlbay Province. Very strong earthquake.651867III2613—VIIlocos Norte. Very strong earthquake. Shocks of varying intensity were frequent in this province during the months December, 1866, to April, 1867.661867XII27911VISamar Island. Very strong and prolonged earthquake.671868IV4——VILeyte Island. Very strong earthquake.681868VI29811VIPanay Island. Very strong earthquake in Iloilo and other towns of the southern part of the island. Frequent, but weak shocks had been felt since June 7.691869VIII1615—IXMasbate Island. Disastrous earthquake. Destroyed the few masonry buildings extant on the island and ruined or inclined hundreds of houses of wood or light materials; large trees fell, fissures opened, and vast landslides occurred in the mountains and along the coasts, especially in the south of the island. Countless repetitions followed, over 100 of the more severe ones having been counted during the first fortnight after the earthquake.701869X11135VIIINeighboring provinces east and south of Manila, and northern Mindoro. On Luzon the provinces chiefly affected were Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, and Batangas. In Manila this earthquake did considerable damage to quite a number of buildings. In the Provinces of Cavite and Batangas a few churches andconventoswere wrecked. There was no loss of life. Repetitions were frequent during the 5 days immediately following the earthquake.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.711869X231630VIIVery violent earthquake in southern Luzon, especially in Laguna Province. Slightly damaged some buildings.721870III23—VINortheastern Samar. Very strong earthquake.731870V232355VIINorthern Luzon. Very violent earthquake in the Provinces of Ilocos Norte, Cagayan, Isabela, and the northern part of the Mountain Province.741870XI44—VIICentral Mindanao. A violent earthquake whose epicenter lay between the Gulf of Davao and the Province of Misamis. During the months of November and December occurred many repetitions, some of them very intense.751871II214—IXCamiguin Island. Destructive earthquake which affected only the extreme north of the island, where subsequently, on the 30th of April, a volcano which had been believed extinct, burst forth again near its base. This great earthquake was the first of a series of shocks which preceded the eruption. It ruined many buildings constructed of wood, and rent asunder the massive walls of the churches at Mambajao and Catarman, while in the mountains it caused many landslides. Between February 21 and April 30, the date of the volcanic eruption, four violent earthquakes were felt on Camiguin and the neighboring Islands of Mindanao, Cebu, Bohol, etc., aside from countless shocks of less intensity. With the eruption, the earthquakes ceased completely.761871VI28530VIDistrict of Davao, southeastern Mindanao. Violent earthquake throughout the region surrounding Davao Gulf, with frequent aftershocks during the ensuing 8 days.771871VII112119VIVery strong earthquake, remarkable for its wide extension, as it was felt strongly in all the provinces of Luzon north of the sixteenth parallel of north latitude. Repetitions were frequent for three or four days.781871X42030VIIDistrict of Davao, southeastern Mindanao. A very violent earthquake, shaking the region around the Gulf of Davao.791871XI59—VIISurigao, northeastern Mindanao. Very violent and prolonged earthquake in the Province of Surigao; also remarkable for its extension, being felt intensely throughout eastern Mindanao and perceptible on all the Visayan Islands.801871XI291630VIIVery violent earthquake in western Mindanao and on the Islands of Basilan and Jolo. It caused slight damage to several buildings at Zamboanga.811871XII81730IXDestructive earthquake throughout the districts of Lanao, Cotabato, and Davao, Mindanao. It is reported that at Cotabato and Pollok not a single building remained standing; the happenings in the Moro villages and forts are not known. Even in Davao, at a distance of 200 kilometers, it developed great violence. Within one hour three series of most violent shocks were experienced, accompanied by subterraneous rumblings.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.821871XII9730VIIIMost violent earthquake in the same regions of Lanao and Cotabato, which completed the devastation of the preceding. Also in this earthquake several separate groups of shocks could be distinguished, which occurred within the space of a little more than half an hour. The subterranean noises were much stronger than on the preceding day and caused consternation. During the first few days following these quakes occurred uncounted repetitions, some of which, like the principal earthquakes, were perceptible not only throughout Mindanao, but likewise in the Visayas up to distances exceeding 500 kilometers.831871XII192230VIIVery violent earthquake throughout the length of eastern Mindanao, from Surigao to Davao. It was likewise very perceptible on Samar and Leyte Islands. For a number of days there were many repetitions, some of them very intense, notably those which took place on the 21st and 22d.841872I261930VIIViolent earthquake close to the coast of Zambales, near the town of Agno. The shock was repeated ten to twelve times, accompanied by subterraneous noises; an extraordinary wave was seen in the sea close to the coast and in the Agno River which empties into the sea near the town. The affected area was very small, which makes it appear probable that the cause must be sought in some displacements in the scarps of the coast.851872I271630VIVery strong earthquake in the Province of Ilocos Norte, followed by numerous repetitions of considerable intensity during the 28th, 29th, and 30th.861872VII222250VICamarines and Albay. Very strong earthquake, followed by frequent repetitions during the next two days.871872VIII2421—VIDistrict of Davao, southeastern Mindanao. Very strong and prolonged earthquake in the vicinity of Mount Apo; repetitions somewhat frequent during several days.881872IX60—VIViolent earthquake in northern Samar, Catanduanes Island, and the Provinces of Sorsogon and Albay, having its origin to the northeast of San Bernardino Strait. On the same and the following day occurred four repetitions of moderate intensity.891872IX102020VIVery strong earthquake in the northern part of the Mountain Province, Luzon, which, during the month, was preceded and followed by other shocks of less intensity.901872XII291148VIIIMost violent earthquake in the region southwest of Manila, which is comprised between the Zambales Mountain Range and the northern part of Mindoro. It did considerable damage to buildings in the Provinces of Bataan, Cavite, and Batangas. The towns which suffered most severely were Balanga, Tuy, Nasugbu, Calaca, Balayan, Taal, and Batangas. Several shocks of small intensity preceded the principal quake between 6 and 9 o'clock.911873I162345VIAn earthquake which was very strong in Batangas Province and strong in northern Mindoro and the Provinces of Tayabas, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, and Bulacan. During the preceding days several light shocks had been felt.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.921873III1813—VIIISouthern Samar. Destructive earthquake whose meizoseismic area included only the town of Mercedes—where some walls were thrown down and others cracked—and a few unimportant villages in the vicinity, situated on the Pacific coast, near which was the seat of disturbance.931873III31158VIINorthern Luzon. This earthquake was violent in Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, and the Mountain Province. It was remarkable for its duration of nearly one minute. The resulting damage was negligible.941873VI112315VIThis earthquake was violent in northeastern Mindoro and very strong on Romblon and Marinduque Islands, likewise in the Province of Batangas. During June, July, and August the same region experienced several shocks of less intensity.951873XI141730VIIIDestructive earthquake in Tayabas Province and on Marinduque Island. It caused great harm in towns of Mauban, Lucban, and others in northeastern Tayabas, and likewise at Boac and Santa Cruz on Marinduque. Many repetitions of smaller intensity occurred during that day and the following.961874I174—VISorsogon Province and Masbate Island. Intense earthquake, followed by frequent light repetitions and five strong earthquakes during the months of February and March.971874IV14645VINorthern Luzon. A very strong earthquake throughout northern Luzon; that is, in the provinces north of the 16th parallel of latitude. Its center appears to have been near the Ilocos coast.981874VII81032VICentral Luzon. Strong earthquake in the Provinces of Pangasinan, Union, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, Tarlac, Zambales, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, and Bulacan. The epicenter was near the shores of Casiguran Bay.991874VIII25630VIIIDestructive earthquake in Zamboanga, western Mindanao. It did considerable damage to masonry buildings and overturned walls. Many large fissures opened near the beach of the sea.1001874IX16109VIIViolent earthquake in central and eastern Luzon, with innumerable repetitions until the end of October. The center lay near Casiguran Bay. The provinces affected most were northern Camarines, Tayabas, Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, and Isabela.1011875III9330VIIVery violent earthquake in Abra and the Mountain Province. Destroyed some houses and caused landslides on the mountain sides, ruining rice terraces. It was preceded by feeble shocks and followed by many repetitions until the 14th.1021876V191130VIIIAn earthquake which displayed destructive force in the Camarines. Considerable damage resulted to many buildings in Daet, Nueva Caceres, Iriga, Buhi, and some other towns. The duration of this earthquake was quite unusual. Many repetitions were felt during the following five days.1031877VI2116VIVery strong earthquake throughout central Luzon. The meizoseismal area comprised the northern and east-northeastern part of Pangasinan Province. The shocks had still considerable force on the southern and northern coast of Luzon, at distances of about 300 kilometers.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.1041877VI247—VIIVery violent earthquake in Batangas and Cavite Provinces, in the vicinity of Taal Volcano. During the 5 hours immediately preceding the quake, seven series of violent shocks were felt. The earthquake cracked many walls in the towns closest to Lake Bombon.1051877VII5127VIIViolent earthquake in Camarines, which did no damage, but is remarkable on account of its having been felt with considerable force throughout a great part of Luzon and the Visayas. It was followed by very many aftershocks of variable intensity, 20 having been recorded during the first 24 hours following the earthquake.1061877VII231624VIILeyte Island. Very violent earthquake, doing some harm in the northern part of the island.1071878VIII131214VIVery strong earthquake of great extension. Its epicenter was southwest of Luzon, near the western coast of Cavite and Zambales Provinces. It was felt intensely from Mindoro to the Provinces of Union and Isabela.1081878IX17050VIIViolent earthquake to the west of the Gulf of Davao, in the neighborhood of Apo Volcano. Many buildings of Davao suffered seriously. Repetitions were frequent until the 22d.1091879VII1238XSurigao Peninsula. Destructive earthquake, with disastrous results to buildings and the topography of the region. Not a single stone building remained inhabitable, although some of them, like the church, government house, and prison at Surigao, were of most solid construction. Besides the opening of innumerable fissures and vast landslides on the coasts and in the mountains, there occurred extensive subsidences: several accurate observations seem to prove that a great part of the peninsula was depressed by about 2 feet. In short, this earthquake was one of those which produced the greatest changes of topography experienced in the Philippines. There followed other very strong quakes on July 5, 24, and 28, and August 8, with countless repetitions of less importance during several months. From July 1 to 15 occurred on the average 5 perceptible shocks per day.1101879VIII296—VIDistrict of Cotabato, Mindanao. Very strong earthquake which closed a series of quakes which had begun on the 10th of the month. Of these, two felt on the 13th and one on the 21st had been rather intense.1111879IX28——VIDistrict of Davao, Mindanao. Very strong earthquake followed by some repetitions. On the 16th of the same month a somewhat less intense earthquake had been felt in the same region.1121879X149—VIIIlocos Norte. Very violent earthquake which damaged buildings in the town of Baccarra.1131879XII19——VIIIlocos Norte. Very violent earthquake resulting in damaged buildings at Laoag and other towns of the province.1141880III2854VIVery strong earthquake in eastern Panay and the northwestern part of Negros Island.1151880VII15053VIIIEastern part of Luzon. Destructive earthquake in the Provinces of Tayabas and Laguna. It damaged to some extent all masonry structures, both public and private, in the towns east of Lake Bay.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.1161880VII181240IXCentral and southern Luzon. Destructive earthquake affecting the Provinces of Tayabas, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan, Bataan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, and Pangasinan. In Manila, as well as in the towns of the provinces mentioned, the earthquake did incalculable harm to buildings, besides causing subsidences, fissures, lateral displacements and similar effects, especially in the alluvial lands along the banks of the Rivers Pasig, the Great and Little Pampanga, and the Agno.1171880VII201540VIIIEarthquake of destructive violence in the towns surrounding Lake Bay, especially in those south and west of the lake.Within the epicentral region of the three preceding earthquakes, which measures about 300 kilometers from north to south and 200 kilometers from east to west, severe damage was done to the principal stone buildings, such as churches,conventos, court-houses, schools, and a few private houses, of 112 of the city principal towns. In the of Manila some 30 public buildings (administration buildings, barracks, churches, monasteries, and colleges) and about 200 private houses of strong materials were either wrecked or badly damaged. Fortunately the number of victims was not in proportion to the magnitude of the disaster, neither in Manila nor in the provinces. From the various reports published at the time we conclude that the number of killed did not exceed 20, nor that of the injured 50.1181880IX232230VIStrong earthquake along the Zambales coast, western Luzon. Frequent repetitions until October 2d.1191881VII111235VIVery strong earthquake in southern Panay and northwestern Negros.1201881VII271630VIIViolent earthquake in the Province of Nueva Vizcaya. This was the first violent forerunner of the innumerable shocks which during the months of August, September, and October were to spread devastation and terror throughout this province.1211881IX11220IXDestructive earthquake in Nueva Vizcaya.1221881IX18455VIIIDestructive earthquake in Nueva Vizcaya.1231881IX182240VIIIDestructive earthquake in Nueva Vizcaya.1241881IX201425VIIIDestructive earthquake in Nueva Vizcaya.This memorable seismic period of Nueva Vizcaya ended after October 15. During August and September a missionary made a list comprising over 150 distinct earthquakes, without including countless repetitions of smaller intensity. The effects of these earthquakes were more notable by the alterations in the topography of the region than by the damage done to buildings, as the latter were of wood and thatched with cogon grass. The inhabitants were terror-stricken and the authorities had to work hard to prevent a general exodus from the country.1251882IV101930VIDistrict of Cotabato, Mindanao. Violent earthquake, preceded by subterraneous rumblings and followed by frequent repetitions. Already during March some very strong shocks had preceded.1261882X101657VIIViolent earthquake in Camarines Province with several repetitions.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.1271882XII6——VIIVery violent earthquake in the north of Cebu Island and southern Masbate.1281883II10328VIIVery violent earthquake in Nueva Vizcaya and Benguet Provinces. It had been preceded by a strong shock at 12h 20m of the 6th.1291884I10722VIIVery violent earthquake near the southern coasts of Camarines Province, followed by a strong quake on the 11th and by numerous repetitions.1301884VI5——VIVery strong earthquake in the Province of Misamis, northern Mindanao. Repeated with the same intensity at 8h and 13h.1311884X29410VIVery strong earthquake in the whole south and southeast of Luzon, chiefly in the Provinces of Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, and Sorsogon; likewise on Masbate Island. Many repetitions occurred until the end of November.1321884XII245—VISamar, Leyte, and northeast Mindanao. Very strong earthquake, with very severe repetitions on the 26th, 27th, and 28th.1331885II221530VIIIEast coast of Mindanao. Destructive earthquake, which did extensive damage to the churches and other buildings of stone or wood and caused mighty fissures and landslides in the mountains as well as in the scarps of the Pacific coast.1341885VII232245IXNorthwestern Mindanao. Destructive earthquake which ruined several buildings in the towns and villages of the Dapitan district. The origin lay in the east-northeastern part of the Sulu Sea. The disturbance was felt strongly in nearly all of the Visayan Islands, in western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. Repetitions were frequent until the end of October, those of July 31, September 9, September 23, and October 25 being very intense.1351885IX306—VINortheastern Mindanao and southeastern Leyte. Very strong earthquake, followed by many repetitions.1361885XI192131VIIVery violent earthquake in the Provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, and Benguet, followed by strong repetitions on December 8, 19, and 27.1371886IV108—VIVery strong earthquake in the southeast of Panay and northwest of Negros Islands.1381887II223—IXPanay Island. Destructive earthquake, causing notable damages, especially in the towns of the Provinces of Iloilo and Capiz. The two days following the earthquake brought many aftershocks.1391887III242114VIIICamarines Province. Destructive earthquake doing considerable harm in several towns in the vicinity of Nueva Caceres. The 25th witnessed a very intense repetition, while lighter aftershocks were frequent until the month of May.1401888I27345VIVery strong earthquake in eastern Mindanao, which had its epicenter in the Agusan River Valley.1411888VIII191439VINortheastern Luzon. Very strong earthquake, especially in the Provinces of Cagayan and Isabela, followed by many repetitions of varying intensity.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.1421889I11020VIINortheastern Mindanao. Violent earthquake in the districts of Surigao and Butuan. Repeated with equal force at 21h 40m of the 12th, doing slight damage to buildings in Surigao, Placer, and Gigaquit, and opening numerous fissures in the ground. Repetitions were very frequent throughout the month, more than 100 having been recorded until the 22d.1431889II51553VIIIWestern Mindanao. Destructive earthquake whose origin lay south of Illana Bay. It was felt with equal force at Zamboanga and Cotabato, each at a distance of more than 100 kilometers from the epicenter, but did no harm worth mentioning.1441889V26223VIIIDestructive earthquake in the Province of Batangas and northern Mindoro. It wrecked the church at Ibaan and severely damaged the church and other buildings in Batangas, Bauang, Calapan, and several other towns.1451889X61110VIIVery violent earthquake throughout eastern Mindanao, with epicenter in the valley of the Agusan River. It was very perceptible in every part of the island and on many of the Visayas.1461890II7010VIIIDestructive earthquake in northern Leyte which split walls in Barugo, Carigara, and other towns, and produced large fissures in the lowlands along the coast. On the 7th and 8th occurred 2 strong and more than 20 light repetitions.1471890IV13144VINorthern Luzon. Very strong earthquake in Ilocos Norte and Sur, the Mountain Province, Cagayan, and Isabela. A repetition occurring at 20h developed the same intensity.1481891VI252010VIIVery violent earthquake in eastern Mindanao whose center was in the Agusan River Valley. Slightly damaged buildings at Davao and Butuan, situated 100 kilometers south and north, respectively, of the focus.1491892III8——VIIIBatanes Islands. Destructive earthquake. All that is known of the effects is that it wrecked some buildings at Santo Domingo and other towns on Batan Island.1501892III162058XDisastrous earthquake in the Provinces of Pangasinan, Union, and Benguet. It created great havoc in the masonry buildings, such as churches,conventos, court-houses, and schools, besides a few private houses, of 30 of the principal towns within the meizoseismic area, produced great fissures and extensive subsidences in the alluvial plains, and many landslides in the steep mountains of northern Pangasinan. Luckily the falling buildings killed only one or two persons. Repetitions were frequent up to the end of the month; of these three occurring on the 17th and one each on the 26th and 28th were of exceptional intensity.1511892III17034VIIVery violent earthquake in the region mentioned under No. 150. Wrecked some buildings damaged by the preceding.1521893III9035VICentral Luzon. Very strong earthquake in the Provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Benguet, and Pangasinan.1531893IV121348VIVery strong earthquake in Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon, Masbate, and northern Samar. Its epicenter was close to Masbate Island.1541893VI3623VIIViolent earthquake in the whole western part of Mindanao, proceeding from the neighborhood of Illana Bay.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.1551893VI211450XDisastrous earthquake in the Agusan River Valley. The fact that there was no general destruction of buildings with heavy loss of life is due solely to the circumstance that the region affected contained only structures of bamboo and nipa. The effects of the convulsions on the topography of the region give an idea of what the consequences of the quake might have been had it found another class of buildings. There are indications that in the southern part of the valley an area of many square kilometers subsided to a considerable extent. Repetitions were frequent throughout an entire year.1561893VII148VIIVery violent earthquake in the valley of the Agusan River.1571893XII24024VIVery strong earthquake in southeastern Luzon, northern Samar, and Masbate. The epicenter lay northeast of Masbate Island, close to Capul Island, on which latter the quake was violent. Repeated at 18h 2m of the same day.1581894II10042VIIIDestructive earthquake in southeastern Mindanao, having its epicenter in the region east of Davao Gulf. It produced many fissures and displacements in the mountains and cracked a few houses of wood in the towns of Mati and Sigaboy. The aftershocks continued on the 10th and 11th, occurring at intervals of about 5 minutes.1591894II18523VIVery strong earthquake in the valley of the Agusan River which was repeated with the same intensity at 23h 58m of the 19th.1601894IV2234VIVery strong earthquake in central Luzon, especially in Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, and Benguet.1611894VI29257VIIIAgusan River Valley. Destructive earthquake whose effects were similar to those of the earthquake on June 21, 1893 (No. 155). The aftershocks, which had been felt ever since the latter disturbance, increased in force and frequency.1621894VI30550VIIViolent earthquake in Agusan River Valley. Repeated with the same intensity at 20h 8m.1631895V14642VIINorthern Mindoro. Very violent earthquake which damaged considerably the church andconventoat Calapan, these being the only masonry buildings in the town. It was repeated with great intensity at 23h 52m of the same day and at 0h 3m of the 17th. On the 14th more than 40 aftershocks of variable intensity were counted.1641895VI72156VIINorthern Mindoro. Very violent earthquake which ruined part of the church at Calapan. Severe repetitions occurred at 4h 0m and 6h 26m of the 8th.1651896IX131258VIINorthwestern Luzon. Very violent earthquake which damaged several buildings in Laoag and other towns of Ilocos Norte. Strong repetitions at 16h 45m and 17h 10m.1661897I18235VIVery strong earthquake in the Mountain Province and the Provinces of Isabela and Cagayan. Numerous aftershocks followed during the day.1671897II1654VIIAgusan River Valley. Violent earthquake with daily aftershocks during the rest of the month.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.1681897IV82120VIIIAgusan River Valley. Destructive earthquake.1691897V131922VIIIMasbate Island. Destructive earthquake which heavily damaged several buildings, bridges, and wharves. A strong repetition occurred at 14h 9m of the 15th. Weak aftershocks were frequent until the 27th.1701897VIII152017VIIIIlocos Sur. Destructive earthquake with epicentric area of 50 kilometers in length and 20 kilometers in width. The towns which suffered most were those between Candon and Vigan.1711897IX21310VIIVery violent earthquake in northwestern Mindanao. It produced fissures in the ground and slightly injured buildings in the district of Dapitan. More than 36 aftershocks of varying intensity were recorded during the next 10 hours.1721897IX211315IXDisastrous earthquake in the district of Zamboanga, Basilan, and Jolo Islands. It wrought great destruction of buildings and produced fissures, landslides, and similar effects. A formidable "tsunami" (tidal wave) claimed hundreds of victims on the western shores of Basilan. This "tsunami" was the most imposing recorded in the seismological history of the Archipelago. There followed innumerable aftershocks during 18 months, 200 having been counted before the middle of October, of which those on September 22, 23, 24, 26, and 29, and October 12 and 15 deserve special mention on account of their great intensity.1731897X850VIVery strong earthquake in the district of Davao.1741897X1985IXNorthern Samar. Destructive earthquake which damaged to a considerable extent buildings in Sulat, Palapag, Catubic, Oras, Gandara, and Laoang, towns near the northern and northeastern coasts of the island, and also produced vast fissures and other notable effects which resulted in the destruction of various bridges and roads.1751897X191515VIIINorthern Samar. Most violent earthquake, with results similar to those of the preceding, though less severe. Countless aftershocks continued until the following April, those of October 19, 20, and 21 being the strongest.1761897XI14859VIIVery violent earthquake, but of very limited epicentral area, in Ilocos Sur, northwestern Luzon. It wrecked the church at Candon.1771898I301915VIISulu Archipelago. Violent earthquake, preceded by two of less severity at 18h 10m and 18h 36m.1781899XII26420VIVery strong earthquake in the Agusan River Valley.1791900VIII14414VIVery strong earthquake in Masbate and northern Cebu.1801901IX10830VIIVery violent earthquake in eastern Tayabas; damaged the church of Calauag and other towns on the eastern shores of Lamon Bay. Large fissures opened on the beach and the water became very turbid; dead fishes were likewise found.1811901XII15658VIIVery violent earthquake in southern Luzon. Some towns in Batangas Province suffered slight damage.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.1821902VII122147VINortheastern Mindanao. Very strong earthquake with epicenter in Butuan Bay. Two repetitions, which occurred on the 13th, showed little intensity.1831902VIII211917XSouthwestern Mindanao. Destructive earthquake in the Lanao and Cotabato districts. It proceeded from the center which lies in the northern part of Illana Bay, and caused heavy damage to all the buildings in the towns and in the Moro villages and strongholds within the meizoseismal region. The effects were extraordinary on land as well as within the bay; in the latter the telegraph cables were found broken and buried by débris. It is assumed as certain that there were many lives lost in the Moro forts, but their number is not known. The aftershocks were so frequent that some 400 could be counted within the first 8 days after the disaster, some 10 or 12 of these reaching force VI and VII.1841902VIII2619IXProvince of Iloilo, Panay. Destructive earthquake which seriously damaged the churches and other buildings in the towns of Maasin, Calinog, and Janiuay. Many fissures opened in the mountains and extensive subsidences took place. The disturbance was preceded by an extraordinary noise, which was audible at great distances from the epicentral region. The reports do not mention a single aftershock.1851902XI17838VIISouthwestern Luzon. Very violent earthquake in the Provinces of Batangas, Cavite, Bataan and Zambales. The effects were confined to slight damages to several buildings in Batangas, Taal, and other towns south and west of Taal Volcano. The epicenter was near the coasts of southwestern Luzon, where intense subterranean noises were heard. The 7 aftershocks which have been recorded were of little intensity.1861903V24611VISoutheastern Mindanao. Very intense earthquake, having its center to the northwest of Davao Gulf. The shock was perceptible throughout the island.1871903XII281056VIIIDestructive earthquake in the region east of Davao Gulf which damaged many houses in Mati, Caraga, Sigaboy, etc. Large fissures opened and several displacements occurred in the limestone layers of the Pacific coast near Caraga. A few aftershocks were felt on the 29th and 30th.1881904X11816VIIVery violent earthquake in the southern part of the Agusan River Valley.1891904X9239VIINorthern Luzon. Very violent earthquake whose epicenter lay in the northern part of the Mountain Province. Slight damage was done in several towns of Ilocos Norte and Cagayan, situated near the Central Cordillera.1901905XII81622VIIVery violent earthquake in southeastern Luzon and the eastern Visayas. Its epicenter lay underneath the sea, to the south of Masbate Island.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.1911905XII11212VIIIAgusan River Valley. Destructive earthquake, which left its history written on the topography of the region, but made little impression upon the buildings, as these were of bamboo and palm leaves. The shock was well felt throughout Mindanao and the eastern Visayas.1921906VI191923VIBatanes Islands. Violent earthquake accompanied by subterranean noises. It proceeded from a center situated south of Balintang Channel, and showed likewise considerable intensity in northern Luzon. The 20th and 21st witnessed many aftershocks.1931907IV1950IXCamarines Province. Destructive earthquake which, within an area of 200 kilometers in length and 60 in width, wrecked many masonry buildings, produced great fissures in the ground and landslides in the mountains. Only two cases of death and a few of injuries received have been recorded.1941907IV19753VIIVery violent earthquake in the same region as the preceding. It completed the ruin of some buildings weakened by its predecessor. These two earthquakes were followed by numerous aftershocks of varying intensity until the month of July.1951907V201549VIIISouthern Leyte. Very violent earthquake with a very intense repetition at 16h 3m. The meizoseismic area had a diameter of only 10 kilometers, determined by an extinct volcano, Mount Cabalían, which is situated in this part of the island. From May 17 to 25 some 60 earthquakes of various intensities were felt. No enhanced activity was observed in the volcano, but many fissures and great landslides were produced on its slopes.1961907V252352VIIINorthern Luzon. Very violent earthquake whose center was in the northern part of the Central Cordillera (Mountain Province). It did considerable damage in the Provinces of Ilocos Norte and Cagayan. The central part of the epicentral region, where the effects must have been more severe, is inhabited exclusively by wild tribes. No aftershocks have been recorded.1971907XI242159IXCamarines Province. Destructive earthquake which ruined nearly all the masonry buildings of the towns within an area of some 30 kilometers in length and 20 in width. Within this small region, composed of recent alluvial soil and traversed by the Quinali River, a great number of fissures opened and various subsidences took place.1981908I2145VIWestern Leyte. Very strong earthquake proceeding from a submarine center not far from Ormoc Bay. It was followed by two very intense aftershocks at 4h 30m and 7h 57m and many of less severity until the 23d.1991908III51020VIAgusan River Valley. Very strong earthquake.2001908V142118VIVery strong earthquake in western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago.No.Date.Intensity.Epicenter and effects.Y.M.d.h.m.2011909II701VIVery strong earthquake in the region south of Butuan Bay. Its epicentral area was very small, comprising only Butuan and the towns close to the mouth of the Agusan River.2021909III181630VIIIEastern Mindanao. Very violent earthquake whose epicenter stretched in a narrow belt along parallel 8° 12' latitude north from the Agusan River to the Pacific coast. It did severe damage to the church andconventoof Bislig and in some neighboring towns.2031909IV14637VIVery strong earthquake in the extreme southeast of Luzon, having its center underneath the sea to the south of Catanduanes Island.