Chapter 4

30.CELSUS, Aurelius Cornelius.De medicina.SERENUS, Quintus.De medicina. Venetiis, in ædibus Aldi et Andreæ soceri, 1528.

Title: IN HOC VOLVMINE HAEC CONTINENTVR. AVRELII CORNELII CELSI MEDICINAE LIBRI .VIII. QVAM EMENDATISSIMI, GRAECIS ETIAM OMNIBVS DICTIONIBVS RESTITVTIS. QVINTI SERENI LIBER DE MEDICINA ET IPSE CASTIGATISS. ACCEDIT INDEX IN CELSVM ET SERENVM SANE QVAM COPIOSVS. [Aldine anchor] Venetorum decreto, ne quis aliquo in loco Venetæ ditionis hos libros imprimat, impressosue alibi uendat, cautum est.Fol. 1a: AVRELII CORNELII CELSI ARTIVM LIBER SEXTVS, IDEM MEDICINAE LIBER PRIMVS.Fol. 164a:Colophon: VENETIIS IN AEDIBVS ALDI, ET ANDREAE ASVLANI SOCERI MENSE MARTIO. M.D.XXVIII. [Aldine anchor on verso].

Quarto. 8 preliminary unnumbered leaves containing title, dedicatory epistle of the editor, Giovanni Baptista Egnazio, to Cardinal Hercules Gonzaga and index; 164 numbered leaves of text (fol. 148 blank). Italic letter, three- to seven-line spaces with guide-letter left for initials. Renouard, p. 105.

TheDe Medicinaof Celsus is the second and only surviving part of his Encyclopædia entitledArtes, in five divisions. The first division,De Agricultura, consisted of five books, so that the sixth book ofArteswas at the same time the first ofDe Medicina.

The Syston Park copy, uncut. Bound by Roger Payne in red morocco. Leaf 9 × 51/2in.

31.CICERO, Marcus Tullius.Epistolæ ad Atticum, ad M. Brutum, ad Quintum fratrem. Venetiis, apud Aldi filios, 1540.

Title: M.TVLLII CICERONIS EPISTOLAE ad Atticum, ad M. Brutum, ad Quintumfratrem, summa diligentia castigatæ, ut in ijs menda, quæ plurima erant, paucissima jam supersint. PAVLI MANVTII IN EASDEM EPISTOLAS Scholia, quibus abditi locorum sensus ostenduntur, cum explicatione castigationum, quæ in his epistolis pene innumerabilis factæ sunt. [Aldine anchor] PAVLVS MANVTIVS ALDI F. VENETIIS, M.D.XL.Fol. 344a,Colophon: APVD ALDI FILIOS. VENETIIS, M.D.XL. MENSE AVGVSTO. [Aldine anchor on verso]

Octavo. 2 preliminary leaves containing title and dedication by Paulus Manutius to Guillaume Pellicier, Bishop of Montpellier, 331 numbered leaves of text, 10 unnumbered leaves of translations of the Greek passages, conjectural emendations which the editor "would not hesitate to adopt it he should ever find an ancient MS. to confirm them" and a final leaf with colophon and anchor. The Scholia, 24 unnumbered leaves, have a separate title, with notice of copyright granted by Paul III. (the fourth pope to grant this privilege) and the Venetian senate; colophon and anchor repeated on last leaf. Italic letter, 30 lines to the page, five-line spaces with guide-letters left for initials. Renouard, p. 120.

Except for the interval 1533-6 the press was inactive from 1529 to 1540, on account of dissensions between the heirs of Andrea and Aldus. The partnership having been dissolved the press was reopened in 1540 by the sons of Aldus (apud Aldi filios) under the direction of the youngest, Paulus Manutius (1512-74), who restored and added to its lustre. Of Cicero, his favorite author, he revised the entire text and printed repeated editions of some of the works: e.g. of theEpistolae ad Atticum, ad M. Brutum, ad Quintum fratremnot less than ten, of which this is the first. The brief scholia he expanded later into full and valuable commentaries, on the Letters to Atticus in 1547, on the Letters to Brutus and Quintus in 1557.

It was Petrarch who in 1345 discovered in a Verona MS. the long lost Letters to Atticus, Brutus and Quintus and copied them with his own hand. Both the MS. and Petrarch's copy are lost. But of the MS. another transcript, procured by Petrarch's friend Salutati in 1389, is preserved in the Laurentian Library, and of the Petrarch copy we have here a replica in the type which Aldus characterized asmanum mentiens.

From the Syston Park library, with book-plate. Bound by Roger Payne, in blue morocco, gilt edges. Leaf 61/2× 4 in.

32.CICERO, Marcus Tullius.Orationes. Venetiis, apud Aldi filios, 1546.

Title: M. TVLLII CICERONIS ORATIONVM PARS I. [Aldine anchor] CORRIGENTE PAVLO MANVTIO, ALDI FILIO. VENETIIS, M.D.XLVI.Fol. 308a,Colophon: VENETIIS, APVD ALDI FILIOS, M.D.XXXXVI.

Octavo. 4 unnumbered preliminary leaves, containing title and preface of Paulus Manutius addressed to Cardinal Benedetto Accolto, 303 numbered leaves of text and a final leaf with register and colophon on the recto and anchor on the verso. Italic letter, 30 lines to the page, five-line spaces with guide-letters left for initials. Renouard, p. 136.

The second edition of the Orations printed by Paulus, vol. I only (II, III wanting), on large paper. Renouard (who knew of no complete copy of the three volumes l.p.) remarks, p. 141, on the too elongated form of most of the Aldine large paper octavos, in which all the increased space is at the bottom. In the present copy it is divided between the bottom and the outer margin, the inner margin and the top having no increase of width—an arrangement well adapted for marginal annotations and perhaps designed for that use. An early owner of this copy has in fact added to the printed title (Orationum Pars I) with a pen the wordCommentata, but proceeded no further with his plan than simply to underscore a number of words on the first three pages, leaving the margins untouched.

The most important of the commentaries of Paulus was that on the Orations, completed not long before his death and printed by his son Aldus in 1578-9 in three folio volumes.

From the Syston Park library, with book-plate and the monogram of Sir J. H. Thorold. Bound in red morocco, gilt edges, with Aldine anchor in gold on sides. Leaf 8 × 51/4in.

33.PTOLEMAEUS, Claudius.Planisphærium. JORDANUS NEMORANUS. Planisphærium. Venetiis, [apud Paulum Manutium], 1558.

Title: PTOLEMAEI PLANISPHAERIVM. IORDANI PLANISPHAERIVM. FEDERICI COMMANDINI VRBINATIS IN PTOLEMAEI PLANISPHAERIVM COMMENTARIVS. In quo uniuersa Scenographices ratio quam breuissime traditur, ac demonstrationibus confirmatur. [Aldine anchor] VENETIIS, M.D.LVIII.

Quarto (not octavo, as described by Renouard).Part 1.4 unnumbered preliminary leaves containing title and dedicatory preface of Commandino to Cardinal Rainuccio Farnese, 37 numbered leaves of text (1-25 Ptolemy, 26-37 Jordanus), final blank leaf with anchor on verso.Part 2.28 numbered leaves of commentary, with separate title, anchor both on title and on verso of last leaf. Text in roman, 25 lines to the page; commentary in italic, 34 lines to the page. Many woodcut diagrams. Both text and commentary are introduced by a seven-line woodcut initial belonging to a mythological series found in other books of Paulus of this period, C picturing Calypso bidding adieu to Ulysses, I, Juno seated on a car drawn by peacocks. The original italic font of Aldus, the so-calledAldinotype, which appears to have passed into the possession of the Torresani relatives at about this date, is here replaced by a new font having a perceptibly larger face, though only a slightly larger body (20 lines of the new equalling 21 of the old) and consequently showing less white between the lines. Renouard, p. 173.

In 1554 the subscription assumed the new formapud Paulum Manutium Aldi F., showing that Paulus had acquired his brothers' rights in the press. At the same time he returned to the earlier and simpler form of the anchor with the nameAldus, instead of theAldi filiiand the ornamental border in use since 1546. Sometimes, as in the present volume, the subscription is omitted altogether and the anchor with the name Aldus alone used. Here moreover the place and date appear only on the title-page and the colophon is dropped as no longer useful.

The original Greek text of Ptolemy's Planisphere is lost. To the present Latin translation, made by an unknown hand from the Arabic, is appended (fol. 25) this subscription:Facta est translatio haec Tolosae Cal. IuniiAnno Domini MCXLIIII. The revival of the study of the Greek mathematicians in the sixteenth century was largely due to the admirable translations and commentaries of Federigo Commandino of Urbino (1509-75). This edition of Ptolemy's Planisphere still remains the best. In the same year Paulus printedArchimedis Opera nonnulla a Federico Commandino Vrbinate nuper in latinum conversa et commentariis illustrata.

Uncut copy, bound in blue morocco, with vellum fly-leaves. Leaf 83/4× 61/2in. From the Syston Park library with book-plate and monogram of Sir John Hayford Thorold.

34.LIVIUS, Titus.Historiarum ab urbe condita libri. Venetiis, in ædibus Manutianis, 1572.

Title: T.LIVII PATAVINI, Historiarum ab urbe condita, LIBRI. QVI. EXSTANT XXXV CVM. VNIVERSAE. HISTORIAE. EPITOMIS Caroli Sigonij Scholia, quibus ijdem libri, atque epitomae partim emendantur, partim etiam explanantur, Ab Auctore multis in partibus aucta. [Printer's device] VENETIIS∞DLXXII. In Aedibus Manutianis.

Folio. Part 1. 48 unnumbered preliminary leaves containing title, preface of Sigonius,Veterum scriptorum de T. Liuio testimonia ab Aldo Manutio Paulli F. Aldi N. collecta, Libri primi epitome, Rerum et vocum apud T. Liuium index copiosissimus; 399 numbered leaves of text (blank last leaf wanting). Part 2.Caroli Sigonii Scholia, with separate title and device, 109 numbered leaves and blank end leaf. Part 3.Caroli Sigonii Livianorum Scholiorum aliquot Defensiones adversus Glareanum et Robortellum, with separate title and device, 52 numbered pages. Roman character, exceptepitomaei-xlv andindexwhich are in the italic type of the Ptolemy commentary, and the preface which is a large and unusual italic, first found in a notice prefixed to theMedici antiquiof 1547, once as a text type in 1550, afterwards only in an occasional preface or title-page. Like the smaller italic of Paulus it is provided with capitals. The large woodcut initials of the several books belong to the mythological series found in the Ptolemy but are here much worn. Renouard, p. 215.

Editions of Livy with the Scholia of Sigonius were issued from the Aldine press in 1555, 1566, 1572 and 1592. This third edition is distinguished from those which preceded it by some additions to the Scholia and an appendix in which the editor defends his views on the chronology of Livy against the attacks of two opponents. But typographically it is inferior to the second edition as the second was inferior to the first, which alone was printed under the active supervision of Paulus. In 1561 he went to Rome to undertake the direction of a press which Pius IV. was about to establish and died there in 1574, having made only one brief visit to Venice in the intervening thirteen years. In his absence the Venice press, when not inactive or leased, was mainly in the charge of his son, the younger Aldus (1547-97), who in spite of the promise of his early years failed both as a scholar and as a printer to sustain the reputation of his father and grandfather. To the present edition Aldus contributed theVeterum scriptorum de T. Liuio testimonia, and he is also unquestionably responsible for the large and strange device which replaces the simple anchor for which his father had shown so marked a preference. It consists of the arms granted to Paulus in 1571 by the Emperor Maximilian II. (in which the Aldine anchor occupies a subordinate place) surrounded by a border of heavy ornament with the addition:Ex privilegio Maximiliani II. Imp. Caes. Aug.When his father's death had made him the head of the press he continued for some years to employ the same device. For the Livy of 1592, much inferior to the present edition, and of interest only as showing the decline into which the Aldine press, and the Italian presses in general, had fallen at the end of the sixteenth century, he was only indirectly responsible. He left Venice in 1585 and spent the last years of his life at Rome, as professor of belles-lettres and joint director of the Vatican press.

35. BIBLIA LATINA. Parisiis, Yolande Bonhomme, vidua Thielmanni Kerver, August 14, 1549.

Title: Biblia sacra, integrumvtriusquetestamenti corpus complectens, diligenter recognita et emendata.Cumconcordantijs simul et argumentis: cumqueiuris canonici allegationibuspassim adnotatis. Insuperincalce eiusdemannexe sunt nominum Hebraicorum, Chaldeorum, atqueGrecoruminterpretationes. Huic editioni adiectusestIndex rerumet sententiarumvetrisetnoui testamenti. [Printer's device (shield bearing the initials T. K. suspended from a tree and supported by two unicorns, with name THIELMAN.KERVER. at foot), both the title and the device framed in a woodcut border].Fol. 562a,Colophon: Parisijs, ex officina libraria yolande bonhomme, Uidue spectabilis viri Thielmanni Keruer, sub signo vnicornis in vico sancti Jacobi vbi et venundatur. Absolutum Anno domini Millesimo quingentesimo quadragesimo nono Decimo nono Calendas Septembris. [Printer's device on verso].

Octavo. Sign. A8, B4, a-z, aa-zz, A-Y8, Z6, aaa-eee8. 602 leaves, comprising 12 preliminary unnumbered leaves containing title,Ad divinarum literarum verarumque divitiarum amatores exhortatio, Librorum ordo, Biblie summarium. Gabriel Bruno'sTabula alphabetica historiarum; fol. i-cccccxx, text; 30 unnumbered leavesIndex rerum et sententiarum; 40 unnumbered leavesInterpretationes nominum Hebraicorum, etc. Very small gothic letter, double columns, 58 lines to the column. Six- to eight-line woodcut initials of the several books, the unicorns of Kerver's device appearing in that of Gen. i. Le Long-Masch iii, 2, 149.

The octavo Latin Bibles of the Kerver press, fifteen editions of which appeared between 1508 and 1560, were closely patterned after Froben's edition, Basel, 1591 (the first Bible printed in octavo form), both as regards the text, based on the "Fontibus ex Græcis" editions, 1478 ff., and the introductory and supplementary matter of various origin accompanying it. The earliest of these supplements,Interpretationes nominum Hebraicorum, an etymological index of Hebrew proper names, appeared first in the Bible of Sweynheym and Pannartz, Rome, 1471, and was reprinted without change in most of the editions previous to 1515. In the Complutensian Polyglot it underwent revision and the revised form appears in all the editions of Yolande Bonhomme, with due acknowledgment to Cardinal Ximenes. TheIndex rerum et sententiarum, however, announced in the title as a new addition to this edition (as it had been also announced in the edition of 1546, not mentioned by Masch and Copinger, of which this is an exact duplicate) was borrowed from the Bible of Robert Stephens, Paris, 1534, without acknowledgment, perhaps in order the better to escape the suspicion of heresy attached to his work. In Copinger's chronological table of the printed editions of the Latin Bible during the 15th and 16th centuries (Incunabula Biblica, p. 207) this is no. 339, total number 562.

The Kerver press was less celebrated for its Bibles than for liturgical works, and for the books of private devotion (Horae, Heures) of which Brunet (Manuel, v, col. 1614-27) enumerates no less than fifty-six, printed by Thielmann, his widow, or his sons, between 1497 and 1571. The wood-engravings with which they were illustrated were repeated in the successive editions and occasionally also in the Bibles. Two of these borrowed cuts are found in the present edition, facing the Old and the New Testament. The first represents the Expulsion from the Garden, but the verse printed underneath (Gen. ii. 7) calls for the Creation of Adam, which in Yolande's editions of 1526 and 1534 is actually present, while here another engraving has been substituted, but the verse left standing. Facing the New Testament, under the headingJesu Christi secundum carnem genealogia, is a genealogical tree springing from "the root of Jesse."

Following the usual alphabetical order of the signatures (A-Z, aaa-eee), theIndex rerum et sententiarum(sign. U-Z) is here placed before theInterpretationes(sign. aaa-eee). This is contrary to the direction of theCollectio codicumfound on the last leaf of theIndex(Z6), where the order prescribed is A-T, aaa-eee, U-Z, which is further supported by the colophon and printer's device on Z6. TheIndexas the latest supplement was meant to stand at the end of the volume.

Bound in oak boards covered with stamped leather, brass corners and bosses, gilt gauffred edges. Around the central boss of the back cover is stamped the date A.D. 1571, and on the front cover, in corresponding position and order, the initials F E P L P F.

From the Osterley Park sale, May, 1885, with the book-plate of Victor Albert George Child Villiers, Earl of Jersey. Leaf 61/2× 41/2in.

36. PHILO JUDÆUS. De divinis decem oraculis. Lutetiæ, apud Carolum Stephanum, 1554.

Title: Philonis Iudæi DE DIVINIS DECEM oraculis, quæ summa sunt legum capita Liber, Iohanne Væuræo interprete. [Printer's device] LVTETIAE, Apud Carolum Stephanum, Typographum Regium. M.D.LIIII.

Octavo. 72 numbered pages, followed by one leafAd lectoremand one blank. Pp. 3-6, dedication by the translator to Charles de Guise, Cardinal de Lorraine, Archbishop of Reims, to whom was also dedicated the first edition of the works of Philo in Greek, printed by Turnebus, Paris 1552. Printed on vellum. On p. 7 a beautiful seven-line engraved initial R. The device is that chosen by the printer's brother Robert, the olive tree and the mottoNoli altum sapere, without the additionsed time.

Renouard,Annales de l'impr. des Estienne, 2eéd., p. 106; adds to his description of the volume the following note: "Dédié au cardinal de Lorraine, pour lequel il en fut tiré sur vélin un exemplaire que depuis l'on a vu relié en maroq. jaune ancien, avec une tête en or sur la couverture. Il a passé dans une Bibliothèque inconnue." The present copy answers completely to this description and is without doubt the dedication copy in question. The binding (17th cent.) is yellow morocco, browned by age, gilt edges, with a medallion head in gold embossed on the back cover. Within are written names of former owners; on the title pageN. Tetel,1644 datum RemisandClaude Henry Corrard; on the cover liningsex Libris Claudii Tetel ad Mussey(?);Ce livre appartient à mlleJean Collot.

By an oversight Renouard omitted this volume from his list (p. 271) of "Editions Stéphaniennes dont on connoit un on plusieurs exemplaires imprimés sur vélin." It increases the number to twenty-three, seventeen of them printed by the first Henri and only six by his descendants.

Charles Estienne (1504?-1564), a member of a second remarkable family of scholar-printers of the sixteenth century, whose history forms so interesting a parallel to that of Aldus and his descendants, though he does not rank with his brother Robert, or Robert's son the second Henry, certainly brought no discredit on the family name. He was educated as a physician, but when Robert withdrew to Geneva to escape the persecutions of the Sorbonne, he took charge of the Paris press and conducted it with ability from 1551 to 1561, printing one hundred volumes and receiving the appointment of king's printer. Aside from this attractive volume no vellum copy of his books is known.

From the Wodhull sale, with the Wodhull arms stamped in gold on the front cover. Mem. within: "Payne's sale. £3 3s. M. Wodhull, Apr. 14th1792. Collat & complet." On the last blank leaf is entered the date "Oct. 17th1808," a record possibly of a later "visitation." Similar dates, some years later than the date of purchase are found on the end leaves of other Wodhull books. Leaf 7 × 41/2in.

Transcriber's Note:

The following inconsistencies found in the text have been retained:

head-line / headlineHomiliæ / Homiliae (in referring to the same book)De Vinne / DeVinneProhemye / Proheyme

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