Anchor.
Anchor, ang′kor,n.an implement for retaining a ship in a particular spot by temporarily chaining it to the bed of a sea or river. The most common form has two flukes, one or other of which enters the ground, and so gives hold; but many modifications are used, some with movable arms, some self-canting.—Anchors are distinguished as thestarboardandport bowers,sheet,spare,stream,kedge, andgrapnel, orboat anchors: (fig.) anything that gives stability or security.—v.t.to fix by an anchor: to fasten.—v.i.to cast anchor: to stop, or rest on.—ns.Anch′orage, the act of anchoring: the place where a ship anchors or can anchor: (Shak.) the anchor and all the necessary tackle for anchoring: a position affording support: (fig.) anything that gives a resting-place or support to the mind: duty imposed on ships for anchoring;Anch′or-hold, the hold of an anchor upon the ground: (fig.) security.—adj.Anch′orless, without such: unstable.—n.Mushroom-anchor, an anchor with a saucer-shaped head on a central shank, used for mooring.—At anchor, anchored.—To cast anchor, to let down the anchor, to take up a position;To weigh anchor, to take up the anchor so as to be able to sail away. [A.S.ancor—L.ancora—Gr.angkyra,angkos, a bend. Conn. withAngle.]
Anchoret, ang′kor-et,Anchorite,ang′kor-īt,n.one who has withdrawn from the world, especially for religious reasons: a hermit.—The formAnach′oretoccurs in many books on church history for the recluses of the East in the early history of the church.—ns.Anch′or(Shak.), an anchorite—earlier still also an anchoress, as in the book-titleAncren Riwle, the 'Rule of Nuns;'Anch′orage, the retreat of a hermit;Anch′oress, a female anchorite: a nun—alsoAnc′ress,Ank′ress,Anch′oritess.—adjs.Anch′oretic,-al. [Gr.anachōrētēs—ana, apart,chōrein, to go.]
Anchovy, an-chō′vi,n.a small fish of the herring family, much fished in the Mediterranean for pickling, and for a sauce made from it, anchovy-paste, &c.—n.Anchō′vy-pear, the fruit of a myrtaceous Jamaica tree, pickled and eaten like the East Indian mango, which it much resembles in taste. [Sp. and Port.anchova; Fr.anchois. Of doubtful etymology. The Basqueanchoa,anchua, has been connected withantzua, dry.]
Anchylosis,Ankylosis,ang-kī-lō′sis,n.the coalescence of two bones, or the union of the different parts of a bone: stiffness in a joint through destruction of the articular cartilages, or a thickening and shortening of the natural fibrous tissues around the joint. [Gr.;angkylos, crooked.]
Ancient, ān′shent,adj.old: belonging to former times, specifically, of times prior to the downfall of the western Roman empire (476A.D.): of great age or duration: of past times in a general sense: venerable: antique, old-fashioned.—n.an aged man, a patriarch: a superior in age or dignity.—adv.An′ciently.—ns.An′cientness;An′cientry, ancientness, seniority: ancestry: dignity of birth: (Shak.) old people.—n.pl.An′cients, those who lived in remote times, esp. the Greeks and Romans of classical times: (B.) elders.—The Ancient of days, a title in the Holy Scriptures for the Almighty, applied by Byron to Athens. [Fr.ancien—Low L.antianus, old—L.ante, before. SeeAntique.]
Ancient, ān′shent,n.(obs.) a flag or its bearer: an ensign. [Corr. of Fr.enseigne. SeeEnsign.]
Ancillary, an′sil-ar-i,adj.subservient, subordinate (withto). [L.ancilla, a maid-servant.]
Ancipital, an-sip′i-tal,adj.two-headed: double: doubtful: (bot.) two-edged and flattened.—AlsoAncip′itous. [L.anceps,ancipit-is, double—anforamb, on both sides, andcaput, the head.]
Ancome, ang′kum,n.(prov.—Scot.income) a small inflammatory swelling, coming on suddenly. [Same asIncome.]
And, and,conj.signifies addition, or repetition, and is used to connect words and sentences, to introduce a consequence, &c.—in M. E. (but not A.S.) it was used forif, and often also with addedif, as in Luke xii. 45.Anbecame common forandin this sense, as often in Shakespeare.—It sometimes expresses emphatically a difference in quality between things of the same class, as 'there are friends ...andfriends.' [A.S., and in the other Teut. lang.; prob. allied to L.ante, Gr.anti, over against.]
Andante, an-dan′te,adj.andn.(mus.) moving with moderate and even expression: a movement or piece composed in andante time.—adj.Andanti′no, of a movement somewhat slower than andante, but sometimes meaning 'with less of andante' = somewhat quicker.—Andante affettuoso, slow but pathetically;Andante cantabile, slow, but in a singing style;Andante con moto, slow, but with emotion;Andante grazioso, slow, but gracefully;Andante maestoso, slow, with majesty;Andante non troppo, slow, but not too much so. [It.—pr.p. ofandare, to go.]
Andean, an-dē′an,adj.of or like the Andes Mountains.
Andiron.
Andiron, and′ī-urn,n.the iron bars which support the ends of the logs in a wood fire, or in which a spit turns. [O. Fr.andier(Mod. Fr.landier—l'andier); Low. L.anderius,andena; further ety. dubious, perhaps ultimately cog. withEnd. The termination was early confused withiron, hence the spellingsand-iron,hand-iron.]
Androcephalous,an-dro-sef′a-lus,adj.having a human head, as a sphinx or Assyrian bull. [Gr.anēr,andros, a man,kephalē, a head.]
Androgynous, an-droj′i-nus,adj.having the characteristics of both male and female in one individual: hermaphrodite: (bot.) having an inflorescence of both male and female flowers—alsoAndrog′ynal(rare).—n.Androg′yny, hermaphroditism. [Gr.;anēr,andros, a man, andgynē, woman.]
Android, an′droid,n.an automaton resembling a human being.—AlsoAndrō′ides.
Andromeda, an-drom′e-da,n.a genus of shrubs of the heath family: the name of a northern constellation. [Andromeda, in Greek mythology, a maiden bound to a rock, and exposed to a sea-monster, but delivered by Perseus.]
Ane, ān, or yin, Scotch form ofOne.
Aneal,Anele, an-ēl′,v.t.to anoint with oil: to administer extreme unction. [M. E.anele, from an A.S. verb compounded of A.S.on, on, andele, oil.]
Anear, a-nēr′,adv.nearly: near.—prep.near.—v.t.to approach, to come near to.
Anecdote, an′ek-dōt,n.an incident of private life: a short story.—n.An′ecdotage, anecdotes collectively: garrulous old age.—adjs.An′ecdotal,Anecdot′ical, in the form of an anecdote. [Gr.; 'not published'—a,an, neg., andekdotos, published—ek, out, anddidonai, to give.]
Anelace. SeeAnlace.
Anelectrotonus, an′el-ek-trot′on-us,n.(phys.) the diminished excitability of a nerve near the anode of an electric current passing through it.—adj.An′elec′tric, parting readily with its electricity.—n.a body which readily gives up its electricity.—n.Anelec′trode, the positive pole of a galvanic battery.—adj.An′electrot′onic. [Gr.an, up,elektron, amber.]
Anemograph, a-nem′ō-graf,n.an instrument for measuring and recording the direction and velocity of the wind. [Gr.anemos, wind,graphein, to write.]
Anemometer, a-ne-mom′et-ėr,n.an instrument for measuring the velocity or pressure of the wind.—adj.Anemomet′ric.—n.Anemom′etry, the measurement of the force or velocity of the wind. [Gr.anemos, wind, andMeter.]
Anemone, a-nem′o-ne,n.a plant of the crowfoot family.—n.Sea′-anem′one, a popular name of Actinia and some allied genera of Actinoza. [Gr.anemōne, said to be fromanemos, wind, because some of the species love exposed and wind-swept situations.]
An-end, an-end′,prep. phrase, to the end, continuously: upright.—Most an-end, almost always.
Anent, a-nent′,prep.andadv.in a line with: against: towards: in regard to, concerning, about. [Mainly prov. Eng. and Scot., M.E.anent—A.S.on-efen, 'on even with' (dat.).]
Aneroid, an′e-roid,adj.denoting a barometer by which the pressure of the air is measured without the use of quicksilver or other fluid.—n.a contr. of 'aneroid barometer.' [Fr.—Gr.a, neg.,nēros, wet.]
Aneurism, an′ūr-izm,n.a soft tumour arising from the dilatation of an artery acting on a part weakened by disease or injury: (fig.) any abnormal enlargement—adjs.An′eurismal,An′eurismatic. [Gr.aneurysma—ana, up,eurys, wide.]
Anew, a-nū′,adv.afresh: again. [OfandNew.]
Anfractuous, an-fract-ū′us,adj.winding, involved, circuitous.—n.Anfractuos′ity. [L.anfractuösus,anfract-us.]
Angel, ān′jel,n.a divine messenger: a ministering spirit: an attendant or guardian spirit: a person possessing the qualities attributed to such—gentleness, purity, &c.: one supposed to have a special commission, as the head of the Church in Rev. ii. and iii., or theangelof the Catholic and Apostolic Church, who corresponds in a limited sense to the bishop of other Christian denominations: (poet.) a messenger generally: in art, the conventional figure attributed to the angel—a figure of great beauty, youthful, clothed in flowing garments, with wings: an old Eng. coin = 10s., bearing the figure of an angel.—n.An′gel-fish, a voracious fish, allied to the shark, from six to eight feet long, with large, wing-like pectoral fins.—adjs.Angel′ic(an-),Angel′ical.—adv.Angel′ically.—ns.Angelol′atry(ān-), angel-worship;Angelol′ogy, the doctrine regarding angels;Angeloph′any, the manifestation of an angel to man. [Gr.angelos, a messenger.]
Angelica, an-jel′i-ka,n.a genus of umbelliferous plants, the roots and seeds of some species of which are used in making gin, bitters, &c.—the tender stalks and midribs of the leaves are candied and used as a confection: confections.—n.An′gel-wat′er, a perfumed liquid, at first made largely from angelica, then from ambergris, rose-water, orange-flower water, &c. [From their supposed magical properties.]
Angelus, an′je-lus,n.the 'Hail, Mary,' or prayer to the Virgin, containing the angelic salutation: the bell rung in Roman Catholic countries at morning, noon, and sunset, to invite the faithful to recite the Angelic Salutation. [From its first words,'Angelusdomini nuntiavit Mariæ.']
Anger, ang′ger,n.a strong emotion excited by a real or fancied injury, and involving a desire for retaliation.—v.t.to make angry: to irritate.—adj.An′gerless.—advs.An′gerly, a 17th-cent. form (still used in an archaic sense) forAngrily;Ang′rily.—n.Ang′riness.—adj.Ang′ry, excited with anger: inflamed: lowering. [Ice.angr; allied toAnguish.]
Angevin, an′je-vin,adj.pertaining to Anjou: relating to the Plantagenet house that reigned in England from 1154 to 1485, its first king, Henry II., being son of Geoffrey V., Count of Anjou, and Matilda, daughter of Henry I. of England. By some the term Angevin is only allowed until the loss of Anjou under John (1204); by others, till the deposition of Richard II. in 1399.
Angina, an-jī′na,n.any inflammatory affection of the throat, as quinsy, croup, &c.: usually in medical phraseology with adjective, asAngina rheumatica= rheumatic sore throat.—Angina pectoris, a disease of the heart marked by paroxysms of intense pain, beginning at the breastbone and radiating thence mainly towards the left shoulder and arm. [L.angĭna. SeeAnguish.]
Angiocarpous, an-ji-ō-kar′pus,adj.having the fruit in an envelope distinct from the calyx. [Gr.angeion, a case,karpos, fruit.]
Angiosperm, an′ji-o-sperm,n.a plant whose ovules or future seeds are enclosed in a closed ovary, and fertilised through the medium of a stigma, while inGymnospermsthe ovule is naked, and the pollen is applied directly to its surface.—adjs.Angiosperm′ous,Angiosperm′al,Angiosper′matous.
A, right angle; B, acute angle; C, obtuse angle.
Angle, ang′gl,n.a corner: the point where two lines meet: (geom.) the inclination of two straight lines which meet, but are not in the same straight line: any outlying corner or nook.—adj.Ang′ular, having an angle or corner: (fig.) stiff in manner: the opposite of easy or graceful: bony and lean in figure.—n.Angular′ity.—adj.Ang′ulated, formed with angles. [Fr.—L.angulus; cog. with Gr.angkylos; both from rootank, to bend, seen also inAnchor,Ankle.]
Angle, ang′gl,n.a hook or bend: a fishing-rod with line and hook.—v.i.to fish with an angle.—v.t.to entice: to try to gain by some artifice.—ns.Ang′ler, one who fishes with an angle: a voracious fish about three feet long, not uncommon on British shores, and called also theFishing-frog, theSea-devil, and by the Scotch,Wide-gab;Ang′ling, the art or practice of fishing with a rod and line. [A.S.angel, a hook, allied toAnchor.]
Angles, ang′glz,n.pl.the Low German stock that settled in Northumbria, Mercia, and East Anglia.
Anglican, ang′glik-an,adj.English: belonging to, or characteristic of, the Church of England.—n.Ang′licanism, attachment to English institutions, esp. the English Church: the principles of the English Church.—v.t.Ang′licise, to express in English idiom.—n.Ang′licism, an English idiom or peculiarity of language.—v.t.Ang′lify, to make English.
Anglo-, ang′glo,pfx.English—used in composition, asAnglo-Saxon, &c.—ns.Ang′lo-Cath′olic, one who calls himself a Catholic of the Anglican pattern, refusing the name of 'Protestant;' used adjectively, as in 'Anglo-Catholic Library;'Ang′lo-Catho′licism.—adj.andn.Ang′lo-Sax′on, applied to the earliest form of the English language—the term Old English is now preferred. Properly it should have referred only to the Saxons of Wessex, Essex, Middlesex, and Sussex, as distinct from the Angles.—ns.Ang′lo-Sax′ondom;Anglo-Sax′onism.—Anglo-Israelite theory, an opinion held by not a few well-meaning persons, innocent of scientific ethnology, that the English are descended from the Israelites who were carried into captivity by the Assyrians under Sargon in 721B.C.
Anglomania, ang′glo-mān′i-a,n.a mania for what is English: an indiscriminate admiration of English institutions.—ns.Ang′loman(rare),Ang′lomān′iac.
Anglophobia, ang-glō-fō′bi-a,n.fear and dislike of England.—ns.An′glophobe,Anglophō′bist.—adj.Anglophō′bic. [Fr.Anglophobe—L.Anglo-, English, Gr.phobein, to fear.]
Angora, ang-gō′ra,n.cloth made from the wool of the Angora goat.—Angora Wool, the long white silky hair of the Angora goat, highly valued in manufactures. [Angora, a city of Asia Minor, famous for its breed of goats.]
Angostura, ang-gos-tōō′ra,n.a town of Venezuela, on the Orinoco (renamed Ciudad Bolivar in 1819), giving its name to an aromatic bitter bark, valuable as a febrifuge and tonic.—Angostura bittersis an essence containing angostura, canella, cinchona, lemon peel, and other aromatics, but much of what is sold under that name contains no angostura, but consists mainly of cheretta or other simple tonic.
Angry. SeeAnger.
Anguine, ang′gwīn,adj.of or like a snake. [L.anguis,anguin-is, a snake.]
Anguish, ang′gwish,n.excessive pain of body or mind: agony.—n.Ang′uishment. [O. Fr.angoisse—L.angustia, a strait, straitness—ang-u-ĕre, to press tightly: to strangle. SeeAnger.]
Anharmonic, an-har-mon′ik,adj.not harmonic: in geometry, a term applied to the section of a line by four points, A, B, C, D, when their mutual distances are such that AB divided by CB is unequal to AD divided by CD; the ratio between these two quotients being called theanharmonicratio of AC.
Anhelation, an-he-lā′shun,n.difficult respiration: shortness of breath. [L.anhelatio—anhelāre, froman, foramb, around, andhal-āre, to breathe.]
Anhungered. SeeAhungered.
Anhydrous, an-hī′drus,adj.a term applied to a chemical substance free from water.—n.pl.Anhy′drides, a term now commonly given to the compounds formerly known as anhydrous acids—in some cases the result of the dehydration of acids, and in all cases representing in their composition the acidminuswater.—n.Anhy′drite, a mineral consisting of anhydrous sulphate of lime, with some slight addition of sea-salt, appearing in several varieties—granular, fibrous, radiated and translucent, compact and of various shades—white, blue, gray, red. [Gr.a,an, neg.,hydōr, water.]
Anight, a-nīt′,adv.(Shak.) of nights, at night. [OfandNight.]
Anil, an′il,n.a plant from whose leaves and stalks indigo is made. [Sp.anil; Ar.an-nilforal-nil, the indigo plant.]
Anile, an′īl,adj.old womanish: imbecile.—n.Anil′ity, imbecile dotage. [L.anus, an old woman.]
Aniline, an′il-in,n.a product of coal-tar extensively used in dyeing and other industrial arts. [Port.anil, indigo, from which it was first obtained.]
Animadvert, an-im-ad-vėrt′,v.i.to criticise or censure.—n.Animadver′sion, criticism, censure, or reproof. [L., to turn the mind to—animus, the mind,ad, to, andvertĕre, to turn.]
Animal, an′im-al,n.an organised being, having life, sensation, and voluntary motion—it is distinguished from a plant, which is organised and has life, but not sensation or voluntary motion: the name sometimes implies the absence of the higher faculties peculiar to man.—adj.of or belonging to animals: sensual.—n.Animalisā′tion, the act of converting into animal substance, or of endowing with animal attributes: brutalisation.—v.t.An′imalise, to endow with animal life: to convert into animal matter:—pr.p.an′imalīsing;pa.p.an′imalīsed.—n.An′imalism, the state of being actuated by animal appetites only: the exercise or enjoyment of animal life, as distinct from intellectual: brutishness: sensuality: (rare) a mere animal being.—adv.An′imally, physically merely.—Animal spirits, nervous force: exuberance of health and life: cheerful buoyancy of temper: (Milton) the spirit or principle of volition and sensation. [L.—anima, air, life, Gr.anemos, wind—aō,aēmi, Sans.an, to breathe, to blow.]
Animalcule, an-im-al′kūl,n.a small animal, esp. one that cannot be seen by the naked eye:—pl.Animal′cules,Animal′cula.—adj.Animal′cular. [L.animalculum, dim. ofAnimal.]
Animate, an′im-āt,v.t.to give life to: to enliven or inspirit: to actuate.—adj.living: possessing animal life.—adj.An′imated, lively: full of spirit: endowed with life.—adv.Animat′edly.—p.adj.An′imating.—adv.Animat′ingly.—ns.Animā′tion, liveliness: vigour;An′imator, he who, or that which, animates. [SeeAnimal.]
Anime, an′im,n.the resin of the West Indian locust-tree—used also for other gums and resins. [Said to be Fr.animé, living, from the number of insects in it; but perhaps a native name.]
Animism, an′im-izm,n.a theory which regards the belief in separate spiritual existences as the germ of religious ideas. It is adopted by E. B. Tylor in hisPrimitive Cultureas the minimum definition of religion, being considered to have arisen simply from the evidence of the senses, interpreted by the crude and child-like science of the savage: the theory of Stahl, which regarded the vital principle and the soul as identical.—n.An′imist.—adj.An′imistic. [L.anima, the soul.]
Animosity, an-im-os′i-ti,n.bitter hatred: enmity. [L.animositas, fullness of spirit.]
Animus, an′im-us,n.intention: actuating spirit: prejudice against. [L.animus, spirit, soul, as distinguished fromanima, the mere life.]
Anise, an′is,n.an umbelliferous plant, the aromatic seeds of which are used in making cordials. The anise of Matt. xxiii. 23 (Gr.anēthon) is properly the dill.—ns.An′iseed;Anisette′, a cordial or liqueur prepared from anise seed. [Gr.anison.]
Anker, angk′ėr,n.a liquid measure used in Northern Europe, formerly in England, varying considerably—that of Rotterdam having a capacity of 10 old wine gallons, or 8⅓ imperial gallons. [Dut.]
Ankle,Ancle, angk′l,n.the joint connecting the foot and leg.—adj.Ank′led, having, or pertaining to ankles.—n.Ank′let, an ornament for the ankle. [A.S.ancléow, cog. with Ger.enkel, and conn. withAngle.]
Ankylosis. SeeAnchylosis.
Anlace,Anelace, an′lās,n.a short two-edged knife or dagger, tapering to a point, formerly worn at the girdle. [Low L.anelacius; perh. the old Welshanglas.]
Anna, an′a,n.an Indian coin worth nominally 1½d sterling, but always the sixteenth part of a rupee. [Hind.ānā.]
Annals, an′alz,n.pl.records of events under the years in which they happened: any historical work that follows the order of time in its narrations, separating them off into single years, as theAnnalsof Tacitus: historical records generally: year-books.—v.t.Ann′alise, to write annals: to record.—n.Ann′alist, a writer of annals. [L.annales—annus, a year.]
Annat, an′at,Annate,an′āt,n.the first-fruits, or one year's income, or a specified portion of such, paid to the Pope by a bishop, abbot, or other ecclesiastic, on his appointment to a new see or benefice. It was abolished in England in 1534, and next year the right was annexed to the crown, the fund thus arising being administered for the benefit of the Church of England, afterwards transferred to the governors of Queen Anne's Bounty, next to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners: (Scots law) the half-year's stipend payable for the vacant half-year after the death of a parish minister, to which his family or nearest of kin have right under an act of 1672. [Low L.annata—L.annus, a year.]
Annatto. SeeAnatta.
Anneal, an-ēl′,v.t.to temper glass or metals by subjecting them to great heat and gradual cooling: to heat in order to fix colours on, as glass.—n.Anneal′ing. [Pfx.an-, and A.S.ælan, to burn.]
Annelida, an-el′i-da,n.a class of animals comprising the red-blooded worms, having a long body composed of numerous rings.—n.Ann′elid. [L.annellus, dim. ofannulus, a ring.]
Annex, an-neks′,v.t.to add to the end: to join or attach: to take permanent possession of additional territory: to affix: append (withto).—n.something added: a supplementary building—often with the Fr. spellingannexe.—n.Annexā′tion, act of annexing.—n.andadj.Annexā′tionist.—ns.Annex′ion,Annex′ment(Shak.), addition: the thing annexed. [Fr.annexer—L.annex-um,annectĕre:ad, to,nect-ĕre, to tie.]
Annihilate, an-nī′hil-āt,v.t.to reduce to nothing: to put out of existence: to render null and void, to abrogate.—ns.Annihilā′tion, state of being reduced to nothing: act of destroying: (theol.) the destruction of soul as well as body;Annihilā′tionism, the belief that the soul dies with the body.—adj.Annihilā′tive.—n.Annihilā′tor, one who annihilates. [L.annihilatus,annihilāre;ad, to,nihil, nothing.]
Anniversary, an-ni-vėrs′ar-i,adj.returning or happening every year: annual.—n.the day of the year on which an event happened or is celebrated: the celebration proper to such, esp. a mass or religious service. [L.anniversarius;annus, a year, andvertĕre,versum, to turn.]
Annotate, an′not-āt,v.t.to make notes upon.—ns.An′notation, a note of explanation: comment;An′notator, a writer of notes, a commentator. [L.annotāre—ad, to,notāre,-ātum, to mark.]
Announce, an-nowns′,v.t.to declare: to give public notice of: to make known.—n.Announce′ment. [O. Fr.anoncer—L.annuntiāre—ad, to,nunti,-āre, to deliver news.]
Annoy, an-noi′,v.t.to trouble: to vex: to tease: to harm, esp. in military sense:—pr.p.annoy′ing;pa.p.annoyed′.—ns.Annoy(now poetic only),Annoy′ance, that which annoys.—adv.Annoy′ingly. [O. Fr.anoier(It.annoiare); noun,anoi(mod.ennui), acc. to Diez from L. phrase,in odio, as in 'est mihiin odio' = 'it is to me hateful.']
Annual, an′nū-al,adj.yearly: coming every year: requiring to be renewed every year: performed in a year.—n.a plant that lives out one year: a book published yearly, esp. applied to the sumptuous books, usually illustrated with good engravings, much in demand in the first half of the 19th century for Christmas, New Year, and birthday presents.—adv.An′nually. [Through Fr. from L.annualis—annus, a year.]
Annuity, an-nū′i-ti,n.a payment generally (but not necessarily) of uniform amount falling due in each year during a given term, such as a period of years or the life of an individual, the capital sum not being returnable.—n.Annū′itant, one who receives an annuity.—Certain annuity, one for a fixed term of years, subject to no contingency whatever;Contingent annuity, one that depends also on the continuance of some status, as the life of a person whose duration is calculated by the theory of probabilities. An annuity is usually held payable to the end of each year survived; but when, in addition, a proportion of the year's annuity is payable up to the day of death, the annuity is said to beComplete—the ordinary annuity being sometimes, for distinction, referred to as aCurtate annuity. When the first payment is due in advance, the annuity is known as anAnnuity due; when the first payment is not to be made until the expiry of a certain number of years, it is called aDeferredorReversionary annuity.
Annul, an-nul′,v.t.to make null, to reduce to nothing: to abolish:—pr.p.annul′ling;pa.p.annulled′.—n.Annul′ment, the act of annulling. [Fr.annuler—Low L.annullā-re, to make into nothing—L.ad-, to,nullus, none.]
Annular, an′nūl-ar,adj.ring-shaped.—adjs.An′nulate,An′nulated, formed or divided into rings.—ns.Annulā′tion, a ring or belt: a circular formation;An′nulet, a little ring: (archit.) a small flat fillet, encircling a column, &c., used either by itself or in connection with other mouldings: (her.) a little circle borne as a charge on coats of arms.—adj.An′nulose, having rings: composed of rings. [L.annularis;annulusoranulus, a ring—dim. ofanus, a rounding or ring.]
Annunciation, an-nun-si-ā′shun,n.the act of announcing.—v.t.Annun′ciate, to proclaim.—n.Annunciā′tion-day, the anniversary of the Angel's salutation to the Virgin Mary, the 25th of March, Lady-day. [SeeAnnounce.]
Anode, an′ōd,n.a term in electrolysis introduced by Faraday to designate the positive pole, or that surface by which the galvanic current enters the body undergoing decomposition (electrolyte)—as opp. toCathode, the negative pole. [Gr.ana, up,hodos, way.]
Anodyne, an′o-dīn,n.a medicine that allays pain, whether acting on the nerves and nerve terminations (aconite, belladonna, cocaine), on the brain (chloral, Indian hemp), or on all these parts (opium, bromide of potassium). [Gr.;a,an, neg., andodynē, pain.]
Anoint, an-oint′,v.t.to smear with ointment or oil: to consecrate with oil.—n.Anoint′ment, the act of anointing or state of being anointed.—The Anointed, the Messiah. [=an+oint. SeeOintment.]
Anomaly, an-om′al-i,n.irregularity: deviation from rule: (astron.) the angle measured at the sun between a planet in any point of its orbit and the last perihelion.—adjs.Anomalist′ic,-al, anomalous: departing from established rules: irregular.—n.Anom′alite, an irregular mineral.—adj.Anom′alous, irregular: deviating from rule.—Anomalistic year, the interval that elapses between two successive passages of the earth through its perihelion, or point of nearest approach to the sun = 365 days 6 hr. 13 min. 49 sec., being 4 min. 39 sec. longer than the sidereal year. [Gr.anōmalos—a,an, neg., andhomalos, even—homos, same.]
Anon, an-on′,adv.in one (instant): immediately.
Anonymous, an-on′im-us,adj.wanting a name: not having the name of the author, as distinguished frompseudonymous, when another than his real name has been given.—ns.An′onym, a person whose name is not given: a pseudonym;Anonym′ity, the quality or state of being anonymous.—adv.Anon′ymously. [Gr.anōnymos—a,an, neg., andonoma, name.]
Another,an-uth′ėr,adj.not the same: a different or distinct (thing or person): one more: a second: one more of the same kind: any other.—One another, now used as a compound reciprocal pronoun (of two or more);One with another, taken all together, taken on the average.—You're another, the vulgarTu quoque. [Orig.an other.]
Anserine, an′sėr-īn, or -in,adj.relating to the goose or goose-tribe: stupid, silly. [L.anserinus,anser.]
Answer, an′sėr,v.t.to reply to: to satisfy or solve: to repay: to suit: to suffer the consequences of.—v.i.to reply: to reply favourably: to act in conformity with, as 'to answer the helm:' to be accountable for (withfor): to correspond: to be advantageous to: to turn out well.—n.a reply: a solution.—adj.An′swerable, able to be answered: accountable: suitable: equivalent: proportional (withto).—adv.An′swerably.—n.An′swerer.—adv.An′swerless. [A.S.andswar-ian—andswaru;and-, against,swerian, to swear.]
Ant, ant,n.a small insect: the emmet or pismire.—ns.Ant′-bear, one of the largest species of the ant-eaters, found in the swampy regions in Central and Southern America, also called theGreat Ant-eater;Ant′-cow(seeAphides);Ant′-eat′er, a genus of edentate South American quadrupeds, feeding on insects, and chiefly on ants, which they procure by means of their very long cylindrical tongue covered with a viscid saliva;Ant′-hill, the hillock raised by ants to form their nest: also figuratively applied, as to the earth;Ant′-thrush, a general name applied to birds of tropical and sub-tropical countries which feed to a large extent on ants. [A contr. ofEmmet—A.S.æmete.]
An't, a contr. ofaren't,are not; colloquial foram not,is not,has not.—An't=on't,on it(Shak.).
Antacid, ant-as′id,n.a medicine which counteracts acidity.—adj.possessing such quality. [Gr.anti, against, andAcid.]
Antagonism, ant-ag′on-izm,n.a contending or struggling against: opposition (withto, and alsowith).—n.Antagonisā′tion.—v.t.Antag′onise, to struggle violently against: to counteract the action of an opposite muscle.—p.adj.Antag′onised, made antagonistic, opposed beyond hope of reconciliation.—n.Antag′onist, one who contends or struggles with another: an opponent.—adjs.Antag′onist,Antagonist′ic, contending against: opposed to.—adv.Antagonis′tically. [Gr.anti, against—agōn, contest. SeeAgony.]
Antalkali, ant-al′ka-li,n.anything that counteracts the action of an alkali. [Ant-andAlkali.]
Antarctic, ant-ärkt′ik,adj.opposite the Arctic: relating to the south pole or to south polar regions.—adj.Antarct′ical.—adv.Antarct′ically(obs.). [Gr.anti, opposite, andArctic.]
Antarthritic, ant-ar-thrit′ik,adj.counteracting gout. [Gr.anti, against, andArthritic.]
Antasthmatic, ant-ast-mat′ik,adj.counteracting asthma. [Gr.anti, against, andAsthmatic.]
Antecedent, an-te-sēd′ent,adj.going before in time: prior.—n.that which precedes in time: (gram.) the noun or pronoun to which a relative pronoun refers: (logic) a statement or proposition from which another is logically deduced: (math.) the antecedent of a ratio is the first of two terms which compose the ratio—the first and third in a series of four proportionals: (pl.) previous principles, conduct, history, &c.—n.Anteced′ence.—adv.Anteced′ently. [L.antecedent-em;ante, before,cedĕre,cessum, to go.]
Antecessor, an-te-ses′sor,n.(rare) a predecessor.
Antechamber, an′te-chām-bėr,n.a chamber or room leading to the chief apartment. [Fr.anti-chambre,ante-chambre.]
Antechapel, an′te-cha-pl,n.the outer part of the west end of a college chapel. [L.ante, before, andChapel.]
Antedate, an′te-dāt,n.a date assigned which is earlier than the actual date.—v.t.to date before the true time: to assign an event to an earlier date: to bring about at an earlier date: to be of previous date: to accelerate: to anticipate. [L.ante, before, andDate.]
Antediluvian,-al, an-te-di-lū′vi-an, -al,adj.existing or happening before the Deluge or Flood: resembling the state of things before the Flood: very old-fashioned, primitive.—adv.Antedilū′vially.—n.Antedilū′vian, one who lived before the Flood: one who lives to be very old. [SeeDeluge.]
Antefix, an′te-fiks,n.(usually inpl.) term in ancient architecture, used of the ornamental tiles placed on the eaves of buildings to conceal the ends of the common or roofing tiles:—pl.An′tefixes,An′tefixa.—adj.An′tefixal. [L.ante, before, in front, andfixum,figĕre, to fix.]
Antelope, an′te-lōp,n.a quadruped belonging to the hollow-horned section of the order of Ruminants, differing from the goat in its beardless chin—a gregarious, peaceable animal, remarkable for grace, agility, and swiftness. [O. Fr.antelop—L.antalopus—Gr.antholops, of which the origin is uncertain, perhaps from Gr.anthein, to blossom, shine, andōps, eye, and thus equivalent to 'bright-eyes.']
Antelucan, an-te-lōō′kan,adj.before dawn or daylight. [L.antelucanus—ante, before,lux,luc-is, light.]
Antemeridian, an-te-me-ri′di-an,adj.before midday or noon. [SeeMeridian.]
Antemundane, an-te-mun′dān,adj.before the existence or creation of the world. [L.ante, before, andMundane.]
Antenatal, an-te-nā′tal,adj.existing before birth.—n.An′te-na′ti, those born before a certain time, as opposed toPost′-na′ti,those born after it—of Scotsmen born before 1603, and Americans before the Declaration of Independence (1776). [L.ante, before, andNatal.]
Ante-nicene, an′te-nī′sēn,adj.before the first general council of the Christian Church held at Nice or Nicæa in Bithynia, 325A.D.
Antennæ, an-ten′ē,n.pl.the feelers or horns of insects, crustaceans, and myriopods.—adjs.Antenn′al,Antenn′ary,Antenn′iform,Antennif′erous. [L.antenna, a sailyard, the L. translation of Aristotle'skeraiai, horns of insects, a word also used of the projecting ends of sailyards.]
Antenuptial, an-te-nupsh′al,adj.before nuptials or marriage. [L.ante, before, andNuptial.]
Anteorbital, an-te-or′bit-al,adj.situated in front of the eyes. [L.ante, before, andOrbit, eye-socket.]
Antepaschal, an-te-pas′kal,adj.relating to the time before Easter. [L.ante, before, andPaschal.]
Antepast, an′te-past,n.(obs.) something to whet the appetite: a foretaste. [L.ante, before, andpastum,pascĕre, to feed.]
Antependium, an-te-pend′i-um,n.a frontlet, forecloth, frontal, or covering for an altar, of silk, satin, or velvet, often richly embroidered. [L.ante, before, andpend-ĕre, to hang.]
Antepenult, an-te-pen′ult,n.the syllable before the penult or next ultimate syllable of a word: the last syllable of a word but two.—adj.Antepenult′imate. [L.ante, before, andPenult.]
Anteprandial, an-te-prand′i-al,adj.before dinner. [L.ante, before, andprandium, dinner.]
Anterior, an-tē′ri-or,adj.before, in time or place: in front.—ns.Anterior′ity,Antē′riorness.—adv.Antē′riorly. [L.; comp. ofante, before.]
Anteroom, an′te-rōōm,n.a room before another: a room leading into a principal apartment. [L.ante, before, andRoom.]
Antevenient, an-te-vē′ni-ent,adj.coming before, preceding. [L.antevenient-em;ante, before,ven-īre, to come.]
Anthelion, ant-hēl′yun,n.a luminous coloured ring observed by a spectator on a cloud or fog-bank over against the sun:—pl.Anthel′ia. [Gr.anti, opposite,hēlios, the sun.]
Anthelmintic, an-thel-mint′ik,adj.destroying or expelling worms. [Gr.anti, against, andhelmins,helminthos, a worm.]
Anthem, an′them,n.a piece of sacred music sung in alternate parts: a piece of sacred music set to a passage from Scripture: any song of praise or gladness.—v.t.to praise in an anthem.—adv.An′themwise. [A.S.antefn—Gr.antiphona—anti, in return,phōne, the voice. SeeAntiphon.]