Huia-bird, hwē′ä-bėrd,n.a New Zealand starling.
Hulk, hulk,n.the body of a ship: an old ship unfit for service: a big lubberly fellow: anything unwieldy—often confounded in meaning withhull, the body of a ship:—pl.The hulks, old ships formerly used as prisons.—adjs.Hulk′ing,Hulk′y, clumsy. [Low L.hulka—Gr.holkas—helkein, to draw.]
Hull, hul,n.the husk or outer covering of anything.—v.t.to strip off the hull: to husk. [A.S.hulu, a husk, as of corn—helan, to cover; Ger.hülle, a covering,hehlen, to cover.]
Hull, hul,n.the frame or body of a ship.—v.t.to pierce the hull (as with a cannon-ball).—v.i.to float or drive on the water, as a mere hull. [Same word as above, perh. modified in meaning by confusion with Dut.hol, a ship's hold, or withhulk.]
Hullabaloo, hul′la-ba-loo′,n.an uproar.
Hullo, hul-lō′,v.,n., andinterj.Same asHalloo.
Hully, hul′i,adj.having husks or pods.
Hulsean, hul′sē-an,adj.of or pertaining to JohnHulse(1708-89), founder of the Hulsean divinity lectures at Cambridge.
Hum, hum,v.i.to make a buzzing sound like bees: to utter a low, droning sound: to supply an interval in speaking by an audible sound.—v.t.to sing in a low tone: to applaud anything by humming:—pr.p.hum′ming;pa.p.hummed.—n.the noise of bees and some other insects: any low, dull noise.—interj.a sound with a pause implying doubt.—n.Hum′mer, something that hums.—Hum and haw, to hesitate in giving a direct answer;Humming ale, ale that froths up well, or that makes the head hum;Make things hum, to set things agoing briskly. [Imit.; cf. Ger.hummen,humsen.]
Hum, hum,v.t.to impose on.—n.an imposition. [Contr. ofhumbug.]
Human, hū′man,adj.belonging or pertaining to man or mankind: having the qualities of a man.—n.(coll.) a human being.—n.Hū′mankind, the human species.—adv.Hū′manly. [Fr.,—L.humanus—homo, a human being.]
Humane, hū-mān′,adj.having the feelings proper to man: kind: tender: merciful.—adv.Humane′ly.—n.Humane′ness, kindness: tenderness.
Humanise, hū′man-īz,v.t.to render human or humane: to soften.—v.i.to become humane or civilised.—n.Humanisā′tion.
Humanist, hū′man-ist,n.a student of polite literature: at the Renaissance, a student of Greek and Roman literature: a student of human nature.—n.Hū′manism, polite learning, literary culture: any system which puts human interests paramount.—adj.Humanist′ic.
Humanitarian, hū-man′i-tā′ri-an,n.one who denies Christ's divinity, and holds Him to be a mere man: a philanthropist.—adj.of or belonging to humanity, benevolent.—n.Humanitā′rianism.
Humanity, hū-man′it-i,n.the nature peculiar to a human being: the kind feelings of man: benevolence: tenderness: mankind collectively:—pl.Human′ities, in Scotland, grammar, rhetoric, Latin, Greek, and poetry, so called from their humanising effects.—Professor of Humanity, in Scotch universities, the professor of Latin. [Fr.,—L.humanitas—humanus—homo, a man.]
Humble, hum′bl, or um′bl,adj.low: meek: modest.—v.t.to bring down to the ground: to lower: to abase: to mortify: to degrade.—adj.Hum′ble-mouthed, humble in speech.—n.Hum′bleness—(Spens.)Hum′bless.—adj.Hum′bling, making humble.—n.a humiliation.—advs.Hum′blingly, in a humiliating manner;Hum′bly. [Fr.,—L.humilis, low—humus, the ground.]
Humble, hum′bl,adj.having no horns.
Humble-bee, hum′bl-bē,n.the humming-bee: a genus of social bees which construct their hives under ground. [Humbleis a freq. ofhum.]
Humble-pie, hum′bl-pī,n.a pie made of the umbles or numbles (liver, heart, &c.) of a deer.—Eat humble-pie, to humiliate one's self, eat one's own words.
Humbug, hum′bug,n.an imposition under fair pretences: hollowness, pretence: one who so imposes: a kind of candy.—v.t.to deceive: to hoax:—pr.p.hum′bugging;pa.p.hum′bugged.—adj.Humbug′able, capable of being humbugged.—ns.Hum′bugger, one who humbugs;Hum′buggery, the practice of humbugging. [Orig. 'a false alarm,' 'a bugbear,' fromhumandbug, a frightful object.]
Humbuzz, the same as the Bull-roarer (q.v.).
Humdrum, hum′drum,adj.dull: droning: monotonous: commonplace.—n.a stupid fellow: monotony, tedious talk. [Humanddrum.]
Humdudgeon, hum′duj-on,n.(Scot.) an unnecessary outcry.
Humectant, hū-mek′tant,adj.pertaining to remedies supposed to increase the fluidity of the blood.—vs.t.Humect′,Humec′tate, to moisten.—n.Humectā′tion.—adj.Humec′tive, having the power to moisten.—v.t.Hū′mefy, to make moist. [L.humectans—humēre, to be moist.]
Humeral, hū′mėr-al,adj.belonging to the shoulder.—n.an oblong scarf worn round the priest's shoulders at certain parts of the Mass and of Benediction.—n.Hū′merus, the arm from the shoulder to the elbow: the bone of the upper arm:—pl.Hū′meri(-rī).—adjs.Hū′mero-cū′bital;Hū′mero-dig′ital;Hū′mero-dor′sal;Hū′mero-metacar′pal;Hū′mero-rā′dial. [Fr.,—L.humerus, the shoulder.]
Humet,Humette, hū-met′,n.(her.) a fesse or bar cut off short at each end.—adj.Humeté.
Humgruffin, hum′gruf-in,n.a terrible person.
Humian, hūm′i-an,adj.of or pertaining to DavidHume(1711-76), or his philosophy.
Humhum, hum′hum,n.a kind of plain, coarse cotton cloth used in the East Indies.
Humic, hū′mik,adj.denoting an acid formed by the action of alkalies on humus or mould.
Humid, hū′mid,adj.moist: damp: rather wet.—adv.Hū′midly.—ns.Hū′midness,Humid′ity, moisture: a moderate degree of wetness. [L.humidus—humēre, to be moist.]
Humiliate, hū-mil′i-āt,v.t.to make humble: to depress: to lower in condition.—adjs.Humil′iant, humiliating;Humil′iāting, humbling, mortifying.—n.Humiliā′tion, the act of humiliating: abasement: mortification. [L.humiliāre,-ātum.]
Humility, hū-mil′i-ti,n.the state or quality of being humble: lowliness of mind: modesty. [O. Fr.humilite—L.humilitat-em—humilis, low.]
Humine, hūm′in,n.Same asHumus.
Hummel, hum′el,adj.—hornless.—n.Humm′eller, a machine for separating awns of barley from seed.
Humming, hum′ing,n.a low, murmuring sound, like that made by bees.—ns.Humm′ing-bird, a tropical bird, of brilliant plumage and rapid flight, from the humming sound of its wings;Humm′ing-top, a top which when spun gives a humming sound. [Hum.]
Hummock, hum′uk,n.a hillock: pile or ridge (of ice): (Scot.) a fistful.—n.Humm′ie, a small protuberance.—adjs.Humm′ocked,Humm′ocky. [Dim. ofhump.]
Hummum, the same as Hammam (q.v.).
Humour, hū′mur, or ū′mur,n.the moisture or fluids of animal bodies: an animal fluid in an unhealthy state: state of mind (because once thought to depend on the humours of the body), as 'good' and 'ill humour:' disposition: caprice: a mental quality which delights in ludicrous and mirthful ideas: playful fancy.—v.t.to go in with the humour of: to gratify by compliance.—adj.Hū′moral, pertaining to or proceeding from the humours.—ns.Hū′moralism, the state of being humoral: the doctrine that diseases have their seat in the humours;Hū′moralist, one who favours the doctrine of humoralism;Humoresque′, a musical caprice;Hū′morist, one whose conduct and conversation are regulated by humour or caprice: one who studies or portrays the humours of people: one possessed of humour: a writer of comic stories.—adjs.Humoris′tic, humorous;Hū′morless, without humour;Hū′morous, governed by humour: capricious: irregular: full of humour: exciting laughter.—adv.Hū′morously.—n.Hū′morousness.—adj.Hū′moursome, capricious, petulant.—n.Hū′moursomeness.—Out of humour, out of temper, displeased;The new humour, a so-called modern literary product in which there is even less humour than novelty. [O. Fr.humor(Fr.humeur)—L.humor—humēre, to be moist.]
Hump, hump,n.a lump or hunch upon the back.—v.t.to bend in a hump: (U.S. slang) to prepare for a great exertion: (slang) to vex or annoy.—v.i.to put forth effort.—n.Hump′back, a back with a hump or hunch: a person with a humpback.—adjs.Hump′backed, having a humpback;Humped, having a hump on the back;Hump′y, full of humps or protuberances. [Prob. a nasalised form ofheap.]
Humph, humf,interj.an exclamation expressive of dissatisfaction or incredulity.
Humphrey, To dine with. SeeDine.
Humpty-dumpty, hum′ti-dum′ti,n.a short, squat, egg-like being of nursery folklore: a gipsy drink, ale boiled with brandy.—adj.short and broad.
Humstrum, hum′strum,n.a hurdy-gurdy.
Humus, hūm′us,Humine,hūm′in,n.a brown or black powder in rich soils, formed by the action of air on animal or vegetable matter.—adj.Hū′mous. [L., 'the ground,' akin to Gr.chamai, on the ground.]
Hun, hun,n.one of a powerful, squat, swarthy, and savage nomad race of Asia, probably of Mongolian or Tartar stock, who began to move westwards in Europe about 372A.D., pushing the Goths before them across the Danube, and under Attila (433-453) overrunning Europe: a shortened form of Hungarian.—adjs.Hun′nic,Hun′nish.
Hunch, hunsh,n.a hump, esp. on the back: a lump.—n.Hunch′back, one with a hunch or lump on his back.—adj.Hunch′backed, having a humpback. [The nasalised form ofhook; cog. with Ger.hucke, the bent back; cf. Scot. tohunkerdown, to sit on one's heels with the knees bent up towards the chin.]
Hundred, hun′dred,n.the number of ten times ten: a division of a county in England, orig. supposed to contain a hundred families.—adjs.Hun′dredfold, folded a hundred times, multiplied by a hundred;Hun′dredth, coming last or forming one of a hundred.—n.one of a hundred.—n.Hun′dredweight, a weight the twentieth part of a ton, or 112 lb. avoirdupois; orig. a hundred lb., abbreviatedcwt.(c. standing for L.centum,wt.for weight).—Hundred days, the period between Napoleon's return from Elba and his final downfall after Waterloo (the reign lasted exactly 95 days, March 20-June 22, 1815);Hundred years' war, the struggle between England and France, from 1337 down to 1453;Chiltern Hundreds, a district of Bucks, whose stewardship is a nominal office under the Crown, the temporary acceptance of which by a member of parliament enables him technically to vacate his seat;Great, orLong,hundred, six score;Not a hundred miles off, an indirect phrase for 'here,' 'in this very place;'Old Hundred, orHundredth, a well-known long-metre setting of the hundredth psalm, 'All people that on earth do dwell.' [A.S.hundred—old formhund, a hundred, with the superfluous addition ofrédorrǽd(Eng.rate), a reckoning.]
Hung,pa.t.andpa.p.of hang.—n.Hung′-beef, beef cured and dried.
Hungarian, hung-gā′ri-an,adj.pertaining toHungaryor its inhabitants.—n.a native of Hungary: the Magyar or Hungarian language.
Hunger, hung′gėr,n.desire for food: strong desire for anything.—v.i.to crave food: to long for.—adjs.Hung′er-bit′ten, bitten, pained, or weakened by hunger;Hung′erful, hungry;Hung′erly(Shak.), hungry.—adv.(Shak.) hungrily.—adv.Hung′rily.—adj.Hung′ry, having eager desire: greedy: lean: poor. [A.S.hungor(n.),hyngran(v.); cf. Ger.hunger, Dut.honger, &c.]
Hunk, the same asHunch.
Hunk, hungk,n.(U.S.) goal or base in boys' games.—n.Hunk′er, a conservative.—adj.Hunk′y, in good position. [Dut.honk.]
Hunker, hungk′er,v.i.(Scot.) to squat down.—n.pl.Hunk′ers, the hams. [SeeHunch.]
Hunks, hungks,n.sing.a covetous man: a miser.
Hunt, hunt,v.t.to chase wild animals for prey or sport: to chase such over a country: to search for: to pursue.—v.i.to go out in pursuit of game: to search.—n.a chase of wild animals: search: a pack of hunting hounds: an association of huntsmen.—ns.Hunt′-count′er, a dog that runs back or counter on the scent, a worthless dog—hence (Shak.), a blunderer, andv.t.to retrace one's steps;Hunt′er(fem.Hunt′ress), one who hunts: a horse used in the chase: a watch whose face is protected, like the reverse, with a metal case;Half′-hunt′er, such a watch where that metal case has a small circle of glass let in, so that one can see the time without opening it;Hunt′ing, the pursuit of wild game, the chase;Hunt′ing-box,Hunt′ing-lodge,Hunt′ing-seat, a temporary residence for hunting;Hunt′ing-cap, a form of cap much worn in the hunting-field;Hunt′ing-cog, an extra cog in one of two geared wheels, by means of which the order of contact of cogs is changed at every revolution;Hunt′ing-crop,-whip, a short whip with a crooked handle and a loop of leather at the end, used in the hunting-field;Hunt′ing-ground, a place or region for hunting;Hunting-horn, a horn used in hunting, a bugle;Hunt′ing-knife,-sword, a knife or short sword used to despatch the game when caught, or to skin and cut it up;Hunt′ing-song, a song about hunting;Hunt′ing-tide, the season of hunting;Hunts′man, one who hunts: a servant who manages the hounds during the chase;Hunts′manship, the qualifications of a huntsman;Hunt's-up(Shak.), a tune or song intended to arouse huntsmen in the morning—hence, anything calculated to arouse.—Hunt down, to destroy by persecution or violence;Hunt out, up, after, to search for, seek;Hunt-the-gowk, to make an April fool (seeApril);Hunt-the-slipper, an old-fashioned game in which one in the middle of a ring tries to catch a shoe which those forming the ring upon the ground shove about under their hams from one to another.—Happy hunting-grounds, the paradise of the Red Indian;Mrs Leo Hunter, of 'The Den, Eatanswill,' a social lion-hunter in thePickwick Paperswhose husband hunts up all the newest celebrities to grace her breakfast parties. [A.S.huntian; A.S.hentan, to seize.]
Hunterian, hun-tē′ri-an,adj.of or pertaining to the great surgeon JohnHunter(1728-93), to his collection of anatomical specimens and preparations, the nucleus of the great Hunterian Museum in London, or to the Hunterian Oration delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons on the anniversary of his birth, 14th February: of or pertaining to his elder brother, WilliamHunter(1718-83), or his museum at Glasgow.
Huntingdonian, hun-ting-dō′ni-an,n.a member of the Countess of Huntingdon's Connection, a denomination of Calvinistic Methodists founded by Whitefield in conjunction with Selina, Countess ofHuntingdon(1707-91).
Huon-pine, hū′on-pīn′,n.a Tasmanian yew, with light-yellow wood, used in boat-building.
Hurdies, hur′diz,n.pl.(Scot.) the buttocks.
Hurdle, hur′dl,n.a frame of twigs or sticks interlaced: (agri.) a movable frame of timber or iron for gates, &c.: a rude sledge on which criminals were drawn to the gallows.—v.t.to enclose with hurdles.—n.Hur′dle-race, a race where the runners, whether men or horses, have to clear a succession of hurdles. [A.S.hyrdel; Ger.hürde.]
Hurds. Same asHards.
Hurdy-gurdy, hur′di-gur′di,n.a musical stringed instrument, like a rude violin, whose strings are sounded by the turning of a wheel: a hand-organ: an impact-wheel. [Imit.]
Hurl, hurl,v.i.to make a noise by throwing: to move rapidly: to dash with force: to whirl: (Scot.) to convey in a wheeled vehicle.—v.t.to throw with violence: to utter with vehemence.—n.act of hurling, tumult, confusion: (Scot.) conveyance in a wheeled vehicle.—ns.Hurl′er;Hurl′ey, the game of hockey, or the stick used in playing it;Hurl′ing, a game in which a ball is forced through the opponent's goal, hockey;Hurl′y(Scot.), a wheelbarrow;Hurl′y-hack′et, an ill-hung carriage. [Hurtle.]
Hurly-burly, hur′li-bur′li,n.tumult: confusion.—n.Hur′ly(Shak.). [Hurlyis from O. Fr.hurler, to yell, orig.huller, whence Eng.howl.Burlyis simply a rhyming addition.]
Hurrah,Hurra, hoor-rä′,interj.an exclamation of excitement or joy.—Alson.andv.i.[Ger.hurra; Dan. and Sw.hurra.]
Hurricane, hur′ri-kān,n.a storm with extreme violence and sudden changes of the wind: a social party, a rout—(Shak.)Hur′ricano.—Hurricane deck, a cross-deck about amidships, a bridge-deck or bridge: the upper light deck of a passenger-steamer. [Sp.huracan, from Caribbean.]
Hurry, hur′i,v.t.to urge forward: to hasten.—v.ito move or act with haste:—pa.p.hurr′ied.—n.a driving forward: haste: tumult: a tremolando passage for violins, &c., in connection with an exciting situation.—adj.Hurr′ied.—adv.Hurr′iedly.—n.Hurr′iedness.—adv.Hurr′yingly.—n.Hurr′y-skurr′y, confusion and bustle.—adv.confusedly. [Imit. Cf. Old Sw.hurra, to whirl round.]
Hurst, hurst,n.a wood, a grove. [A.S.hyrst.]
Hurt, hurt,v.t.to cause bodily pain to: to damage: to wound, as the feelings.—v.i.to give pain, &c.:—pa.t.andpa.p.hurt.—n.a wound: injury.—n.Hurt′er, that which hurts: a beam at the lower end of a gun-platform to save the parapet: a piece of iron or wood fixed to the top-rails of a gun-carriage to check its motion: the shoulder of an axle against which the hub strikes.—adj.Hurt′ful, causing hurt or loss: mischievous.—adv.Hurt′fully.—n.Hurt′fulness.—adj.Hurt′less, without hurt or injury, harmless.—adv.Hurt′lessly.—n.Hurt′lessness. [O. Fr.hurter(Fr.heurter), to knock, to run against; prob. from the Celtic, as in W.hwrdd, a thrust, the butt of a ram, Corn.hordh, a ram.]
Hurtle, hurt′l,v.t.to dash against: to move violently: to clash: to rattle.—v.i.to move rapidly with a whirring sound. [Freq. ofhurtin its original sense.]
Hurtleberry, a form ofwhortleberry.
Husband, huz′band,n.a married man: (B.) a man to whom a woman is betrothed: one who manages affairs with prudence: (naut.) the owner of a ship who manages its concerns in person.—v.t.to supply with a husband: to manage with economy.—n.Hus′bandage, allowance or commission of a ship's husband.—adjs.Hus′bandless(Shak.), without a husband;Hus′bandly, frugal, thrifty.—ns.Hus′bandman, a working farmer: one who labours in tillage;Hus′bandry, the business of a farmer: tillage: economical management: thrift. [M. E.husbonde—A.S.húsbonda, Ice.húsbóndi—hús, a house,búandi, inhabiting, pr.p. of Ice.búa, to dwell. Cf. Ger.bauen, to till.]
Hush, hush,interj.orimper.silence! be still!—adj.silent: quiet.—v.t.to make quiet: (min.) to clear off soil, &c., overlying the bed-rock.—ns.Hush′aby, a lullaby used to soothe babies to sleep;Hush′-mon′ey, money given as a bribe to hush or make one keep silent.—Hush up, to stifle, suppress: to be silent. [Imit. Cf.histandwhist.]
Husk, husk,n.the dry, thin covering of certain fruits and seeds: (pl.) refuse, waste.—v.t.to remove the husk or outer integument from.—adj.Husked, covered with a husk: stripped of husks.—ns.Husk′er, one who husks Indian corn, esp. at a husking-bee;Husk′ing, the stripping of husks: a festive gathering to assist in husking Indian corn (maize)—alsoHusk′ing-bee. [M. E.huske, orig. withl, as in cog. Ger.hülse, Dut.hulse, &c.]
Husky, husk′i,adj.hoarse, as the voice: rough in sound.—adv.Husk′ily.—n.Husk′iness. [A corr. ofhusty, from M. E.host(Scot.hoast,host, a cough)—A.S.hwósta, a cough; cf. Ger.husten.]
Huso, hū′so,n.the great sturgeon.
Hussar, hooz-zär′,n.a light-armed cavalry soldier: (orig.) a soldier of the national cavalry of Hungary. [Not Hung.huszar—husz, twenty, because at one time in Hungary one cavalry soldier used to be levied from every twenty families; but Slav.hussar, gooseherd, the sobriquet of the raiding horse of Matthias Corvinus (1443-90).]
Hussif. SeeHousewife. [Contr. ofhousewife.]
Hussite, hus′sīt,n.a follower of the Bohemian reformer, JohnHus, martyred in 1415.
Hussy, huz′i,n.a pert girl: a worthless wench.
Hustings, hus′tingz,n.sing.the principal court of the city of London: formerly the booths where the votes were taken at an election of an M.P., or the platform from which the candidates gave their addresses. [A.S.hústing, a council, but a Scand. word, and used in speaking of the Danes—Ice.hústhing—hús, a house,thing, an assembly.]
Hustle, hus′l,v.t.to shake or push together: to crowd with violence.—n.Hus′tler, an energetic fellow. [Old Dut.hutsen,hutselen, to shake to and fro; cf.hotchpotch.]
Huswife. SeeHousewife.
Hut, hut,n.a small or mean house: (mil.) a small temporary dwelling.—v.t.(mil.) to place in huts, as quarters:—pr.p.hut′ting;pa.p.hut′ted.[Fr.hutte—Old High Ger.hutta(Ger.hütte).]
Hutch, huch,n.a box, a chest: a coop for rabbits: a baker's kneading-trough: a trough used with some ore-dressing machines: a low wagon in which coal is drawn up out of the pit.—v.i.(Milt.) to hoard up. [Fr.huche, a chest—Low L.hutica, a box; prob. Teut.]
Hutchinsonian, huch-in-sōn′i-an,n.a follower of JohnHutchinson(1674-1737), who held that the Hebrew Scriptures contain typically the elements of all rational philosophy, natural history, and true religion.
Huttonian, hut-ō′ni-an,adj.relating to the views of JamesHutton(1726-97), who emphasised natural agencies in the formation of the earth's crust.
Huzza, hooz-zä′,interj.andn.hurrah! a shout of joy or approbation.—v.t.to attend with shouts of joy.—v.i.to utter shouts of joy or acclamation:—pr.p.huzza′ing;pa.p.huzzaed(-zäd′).[Ger.hussa; the same ashurrah.]
Hyacine, hī′a-sin,n.(Spens.) the hyacinth.
Hyacinth, hī′a-sinth,n.a bulbous-rooted flower of a great variety of colours: (myth.) a flower which sprang from the blood of Hyacinthus, a youth killed by Apollo with a quoit: a precious stone, the jacinth.—adj.Hyacin′thine, consisting of or resembling hyacinth: very beautiful, like Hyacinthus: curling like the hyacinth. [Doublet ofjacinth.]
Hyades, hī′a-dēz,Hyads,hī′adz,n.a cluster of five stars in the constellation of the Bull, supposed by the ancients to bring rain when they rose with the sun. [Gr.hyades, explained by the ancients as fromhyein, to rain; more prob.=little pigs,hys, a pig.]
Hyæna,Hyena, hī-ē′na,n.a bristly-maned quadruped of the dog kind, so named from its likeness to the sow.—Laughing hyæna, the tiger-wolf or spotted hyæna of South Africa, emitting at times a sound somewhat like hysterical laughter. [L.,—Gr.hyaina—hys, a sow.]
Hyaline, hī′a-lin,adj.glassy: consisting of or like glass.—n.a glassy transparent surface.—n.Hyales′cence, the process of becoming glassy.—adj.Hyales′cent.—ns.Hy′alite, a variety of opal like colourless gum;Hyalīt′is, inflammation of the vitreous humour;Hyalog′raphy, the art of engraving on glass.—adj.Hy′aloid, hyaline, transparent. [Gr.hyalinos—hyalos, glass, prob. Egyptian.]
Hybernate, &c. SeeHibernate, &c.
Hyblæan, hi-blē′an,adj.pertaining to ancientHyblain Sicily, noted for its honey.
Hybrid, hī′brid, or hib′-,n.an animal or plant produced from two different species: a mongrel: a mule: a word formed of elements from different languages.—adjs.Hy′brid,Hyb′ridous, produced from different species: mongrel.—adj.Hy′bridisable.—n.Hybridisā′tion.—v.t.andv.i.Hy′bridise, to cause to interbreed, and to interbreed.—-ns.Hybridis′er;Hy′bridism,Hybrid′ity, state of being hybrid. [Fr.,—L.hibrida, a mongrel.]
Hydatid, hī′dā-tid,n.a watery cyst or vesicle sometimes found in animal bodies.—n.Hy′datism, the sound caused by the fluctuation of pus in an abscess.—adj.Hyd′atoid, watery, aqueous. [Gr.hydatis, a watery vesicle—hydōr,hydatos, water.]
Hydra, hī′dra,n.(myth.) a water-serpent with many heads, which when cut off were succeeded by others: any manifold evil: a genus of fresh-water polyps remarkable for their power of multiplication by being cut or divided.—adjs.Hy′dra-head′ed, difficulty to root out, springing up vigorously again and again;Hy′droid, like the hydra. [L.,—Gr.hydra—hydōr, water, akin to Sans.udras, an otter.]
Hydragogue, hī′dra-gōg,n.a very active purgative, such as jalap. [Gr.hydōr, water,agōgos, leading,agein, to lead.]
Hydrangea, hī-dran′je-a,n.a genus of shrubby plants with large heads of showy flowers, natives of China and Japan. [Gr.hydōr, water,anggeion, vessel.]
Hydrant, hī′drant,n.a machine for discharging water: a water-plug. [Gr.hydōr, water.]
Hydrate, hī′drāt,n.a compound formed by the union of water with an oxide.—n.Hydrā′tion. [Gr.hydōr, water.]
Hydraulic,-al, hī-drawl′ik, -al,adj.relating to hydraulics: conveying water: worked by water.—adv.Hydraul′ically.—n.pl.Hydraul′ics, used assing., the science of hydrodynamics in its practical application to water-pipes, &c.—Hydraulic belt, an arrangement for lifting water, consisting of an endless belt fitted with buckets which discharge as they turn over an upper wheel;Hydraulic cement, lime, a cement that sets or hardens under water;Hydraulic jack, a jack or lifting apparatus, by means of oil, &c., pressed by a force-pump against a piston or plunger;Hydraulic mining, a method of mining by which the auriferous detritus is washed down by a powerful jet of water into a sluice where the gold is easily separated;Hydraulic press, a press operated by the differential pressure of water on pistons of different dimensions;Hydraulic ram, an automatic pump worked by the pressure of a column of water in a pipe, and the force acquired by intermittent motion of the column. [From Gr.hydōr, water,aulos, a pipe.]
Hydria, hī′dri-a,n.a large Greek water-vase.—n.Hy′driad, a water-nymph.
Hydrid, hī′drid,n.(chem.) a substance consisting of hydrogen combined with an element or some compound radical.—n.Hy′driodate, a salt of hydriodic acid.—adj.Hydriod′ic, produced by the combination of hydrogen and iodine.
Hydrobarometer, hī-dro-ba-rom′e-ter,n.an instrument for determining the depth of the sea by the pressure of the superincumbent water.
Hydrobromic, hī-dro-brō′mik,adj.compounded of bromine and hydrogen.—n.Hydrobrō′mate, a salt of hydrobromic acid—same asbromide; alsoBromhydrate.
Hydrocarbon, hī-dro-kär′bon,n.a compound of hydrogen and carbon.—Hydrocarbon furnace, a furnace in which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.
Hydrocele, hī′dro-sēl,n.(med.) a swelling consisting of a collection of serous fluid in the scrotum or in some of the coverings of the testicle or spermatic cord. [Gr.hydōr, water,kēlē, a swelling.]
Hydrocephalus, hī-dro-sef′a-lus,n.an accumulation of serous fluid within the cranial cavity, either in the sub-dural space or the ventricles: water in the head: dropsy of the brain.—adjs.Hydrocephal′ic,Hydroceph′aloid,Hydroceph′alous. [Gr.hydōr, water,kephalē, the head.]
Hydrochloric, hī-dro-klō′rik,adj.compounded of hydrogen and chlorine.—n.Hydrochlō′rate, a salt of hydrochloric acid.
Hydrocyanic, hī-dro-sī-an′ik,adj.noting an acid formed by the combination of hydrogen and cyanogen—alsoPrussic acid.—ns.Hydrocy′anide,Hydrocy′anite.
Hydrodynamics, hī-dro-di-nam′iks,n.pl.used assing., the science that treats of the motions and equilibrium of a material system partly or wholly fluid, calledHydrostaticswhen the system is in equilibrium,Hydrokineticswhen it is not.—adjs.Hydrodynam′ic,-al.—n.Hydrodynamom′eter, an instrument for measuring the velocity of fluid in motion by its pressure.—adj.Hydroelec′tric, pertaining to electricity generated by the escape of steam under high pressure.—n.Hy′dro-extract′or, an apparatus for removing moisture from yarns, cloths, &c., in process of manufacture. [Gr.hydōr, water, anddynamics.]
Hydrofluoric, hī-dro-flōō-or′ik,adj.consisting of fluorine and hydrogen.
Hydrogen, hī′dro-jen,n.a gas which in combination with oxygen produces water, an elementary gaseous substance, the lightest of all known substances, and very inflammable.—adjs.Hy′dric, containing hydrogen;Hydrog′enous, containing hydrogen: produced by the action of water, as applied to rocks in opposition to those that arepyrogenous, formed by the action of fire. [A word coined by Cavendish (1766) from Gr.hydōr, water, andgenēs, producing.]
Hydrography, hī-drog′ra-fi,n.the art of measuring and describing the size and position of waters or seas: the art of making sea-charts.—n.Hydrog′rapher, a maker of sea-charts.—adjs.Hydrograph′ic,-al.—adv.Hydrograph′ically. [Gr.hydōr, water,graphein, to write.]
Hydrokinetics, hī-dro-ki-net′iks,n.pl.used assing., a branch ofHydrodynamics(q.v.).
Hydrology, hī-drol′o-ji,n.the science which treats of water.—adjs.Hydrolog′ic,-al.—n.Hydrol′ogist. [Gr.hydōr, water,logia, a discourse.]
Hydrolysis, hī-drol′i-sis,n.a kind of chemical decomposition by which a compound is resolved into other compounds by taking up the elements of water.—adj.Hydrolyt′ic. [Gr.hydōr, water,lysis—lyein, to loose.]
Hydromancy, hī′dro-man-si,n.divination by water.—adj.Hydromant′ic. [Gr.hydōr, water,manteia, divination.]
Hydromania, hī-dro-mā′ni-a,n.an insatiable craving for water, as in diabetes: a morbid propensity to suicide by drowning.
Hydromechanics, hī-dro-me-kan′iks,n.the mechanics of fluids.
Hydromel, hī′dro-mel,n.a beverage made of honey and water. [Gr.hydōr, water,meli, honey.]
Hydrometamorphism, hī-dro-met-a-mor′fizm,n.a kind of metamorphism of igneous rocks brought about by water, in opposition toPyrometamorphism, that brought about by means of heat.
Hydrometeorology, hī-dro-mē-te-or-ol′o-ji,n.the branch of meteorology which treats of water in the atmosphere, as rain, clouds, snow, &c.—n.Hydromē′teor, any one of the aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere. [Gr.hydōr, water,meteōron, a meteor.]
Hydrometer, hī-drom′et-ėr,n.an instrument for measuring the density or specific gravity of solids and liquids by flotation, consisting of a weighted glass bulb or hollow metal cylinder with a long stem: a current-gauge.—adjs.Hydromet′ric,-al.—n.Hydrom′etry. [Gr.hydōr, water,metron, a measure.]
Hydromotor, hī-dro-mō′tor,n.a form of motor for propelling vessels by means of jets of water ejected from the sides or stern.
Hydromys, hī′dro-mis,n.an Australasian genus of rodents, known as water-rats and beaver-rats. [Gr.hydōr, water,mys, mouse.]
Hydronette, hī′dro-net,n.a syringe: a garden force-pump.
Hydropathy, hī-drop′a-thi,n.the treatment of disease by cold water.—adjs.Hydropath′ic,-al.—adv.Hydropath′ically.—n.Hydrop′athist, one who practises hydropathy.—Hydropathic establishmentor (coll.) simplyHydropath′ic, a temperance hotel where the guests can have hydropathic treatment if desired. [Gr.hydōr, water,pathos, suffering,pathein, to suffer.]
Hydrophane, hī′dro-fān,n.a partly translucent variety of opal which becomes transparent when wetted.—adj.Hydroph′anous. [Gr.hydōr, water,phainein, to shine.]
Hydrophidæ, hī-drof′i-dē,n.pl.a family of venomous sea-snakes. [Gr.hydōr, water,ophis, snake.]
Hydrophobia, hī-dro-fō′bi-a,n.an unnatural dread of water, a symptom of a disease known as Rabies, usually resulting from the bite of a mad dog—hence the disease itself.—adj.Hydrophob′ic. [Gr.hydōr, water,phobos, fear.]
Hydrophone, hī′dro-fōn,n.a marine electric apparatus for detecting the approach of a torpedo-boat, &c.
Hydrophore, hī′dro-fōr,n.an apparatus for obtaining specimens of water from any required depth.
Hydrophthalmia, hī-drof-thal′mi-a,n.an increase in quantity of the aqueous or the vitreous humour.
Hydrophyte, hī′dro-fīt,n.a plant living in water.—n.Hydrophytog′raphy, the branch of botany which describes such—alsoHydrophytol′ogy. [Gr.hydōr, water,phyton, a plant,logia, discourse.]
Hydropsy, hī′drop-si,n.dropsy.—adjs.Hydrop′ic,Hydrop′tic, dropsical: thirsty.
Hydropult, hī′dro-pult,n.a hand force-pump.
Hydrosaurus, hī-dro-saw′rus,n.a genus of monitor-lizards, of aquatic habit, found in the Malay Peninsula, &c. [Gr.hydōr, water,sauros, a lizard.]
Hydroscope, hī′dro-skōp,n.a kind of water-clock, consisting of a cylindrical graduated tube, from which the water escaped through a hole in the bottom. [Gr.hydōr, water,skopein, to view.]
Hydrosoma, hī-dro-sō′ma,n.the entire organism of any hydrozoon:—pl.Hydrosō′mata.—adjs.Hydrosō′mal,Hydrosō′matous.
Hydrostatics, hī-dro-stat′iks,n.pl.used assing., a branch ofHydrodynamics(which see).—n.Hy′drostat, an electrical contrivance for detecting a leakage or overflow of water: an apparatus devised to guard against the explosion of steam boilers.—adjs.Hydrostat′ic,-al.—adv.Hydrostat′ically.—Hydrostatic balance, a balance for weighing bodies in water to determine their specific gravity;Hydrostatic bellows, a device for illustrating the law that fluid pressure is proportional to area;Hydrostatic paradox, the principle that (disregarding molecular forces) any quantity of fluid, however small, may balance any weight, however great, as in the hydrostatic bellows;Hydrostatic press, the same as Hydraulic Press.
Hydrosulphuric, hī-dro-sul-fū′rik,adj.formed by a combination of hydrogen and sulphur.
Hydrotelluric, hī-dro-tel-lū′rik,adj.pertaining to hydrogen and tellurium.
Hydro-therapeutics, hī-dro-ther-a-pū′tiks,n.pl.remedial treatment of disease by water in various modes and forms—alsoHydrother′apy.—adj.Hydrotherapeu′tic.
Hydrothermal, hī-dro-ther′mal,adj.pertaining to, or produced by, action of heated or super-heated water, esp. in dissolving, transporting, and redepositing mineral matter.
Hydrothorax, hī-dro-thō′raks,n.a term applied to dropsical collections in the pleura. [Gr.hydōr, water,thōrax, chest.]
Hydrotropism, hī-dro-trop′izm,n.the habit induced in a growing organ by the influence of moisture, of turning toward, or away from, the moisture.—adj.Hydrotrop′ic.[Gr.hydōr, water,tropos, a turn.]
Hydrous, hī′drus,adj.watery, containing hydrogen.
Hydroxide, hī-droks′īd,n.a metallic or basic radical combined with one or more hydroxyl groups.—n.Hydrox′yl, a compound radical not yet isolated, but found in many chemical compounds.
Hydrozoa, hī-dro-zō′a,n.pl.(sing.Hydrozō′on) one of the main divisions of the sub-kingdomCœlenterata, the other two beingCtenophoraandAnthozoaorActinozoa; they are chiefly marine organisms, soft and gelatinous, free or fixed, existing everywhere, endlessly varied in form and complexity of structure, including such great groups ashydroids,acalephs,medusans, jelly-fish, sea-blubbers, &c.—adjs.Hydrozō′an,Hydrozō′ic. [Gr.hydōr, water,zōon, an animal.]
Hydruret. Same asHydrid.
Hyena, hī-ē′na,Hyen,hī′en,n.(Shak.) a hyæna.
Hyetal, hī′e-tal,adj.rainy.—n.Hy′etograph, a chart showing the average rainfall of the earth or any of its divisions.—adjs.Hyetograph′ic,-al.—ns.Hyetog′raphy;Hyetol′ogy;Hyetom′eter;Hyetomet′rograph. [Gr.hyetos, rain.]
Hygeian, hī-jē′an,adj.relating to health and its preservation.—ns.Hygeia(hī-jē′a),goddess of health, daughter of Æsculapius;Hy′giēne,Hygien′ics,Hy′gienism, the science which treats of the preservation of health.—adj.Hygien′ic.—adv.Hygien′ically.—n.Hy′gienist, one skilled in hygiene;Hygiol′ogy, art of the preservation of health. [Gr.hygieia—hygiēs, healthy.]
Hygrodeik, hī′gro-dīk,n.a form of hygrometer in which the atmospheric humidity is indicated by an index controlled by the heights of a wet-bulb and a dry-bulb thermometer, supported on each side of a frame on which is described a scale. [Gr.hygros, wet,deik-nynai, to show.]
Hygrometer, hī-grom′et-ėr,n.an instrument for measuring the moisture in the atmosphere, or its relative humidity.—n.Hygrom′etry, the art of measuring the moisture in the atmosphere, and of bodies generally.—adjs.Hygromet′ric,-al. [Gr.hygros, wet,metron, a measure.]
Hygroscope, hī′gro-skōp,n.an instrument for indicating the humidity of the atmosphere.—adjs.Hygroscop′ic,-al.—ns.Hygroscopic′ity;Hygrostat′ics, the art of measuring degrees of moisture. [Gr.hygros, wet,skopein, to view.]
Hyksos, hik′sos,n.the shepherd kings, apparently a Tartar race who overthrew the reigning dynasty of Lower Egypt about 2000B.C., and reigned until overturned by the Egyptian rulers of Upper Egypt about 1700B.C.
Hyleg, hī′leg,n.the planet which rules at the hour of one's birth, in that sign of the zodiac immediately above the eastern horizon. [Ar.]
Hylism, hī′lizm,n.materialism—alsoHy′licism.—ns.Hy′licist;Hylogen′esis, the origin of matter;Hy′lotheism, the doctrine that there is no God but matter and the universe.—adjs.Hylozō′ical,Hylozois′tic.—ns.Hylozō′ism, the doctrine that all matter is endowed with life;Hylozō′ist.
Hylopathism, hī-lop′a-thizm,n.the doctrine that matter is sentient.—n.Hylop′athist, one who maintains this. [Gr.hylē, matter,pathos, suffering.]
Hymen, hī′men,n.(myth.) the god of marriage: marriage: a thin membrane partially closing the virginal vagina.—adjs.Hymenē′al,Hymenē′an.—n.Hymē′nium, the fructifying surface in fungi. [L.,—Gr.hymēn; cf. Gr.hymnos, a festive song.]
Hymenopteral, hī-men-op′tėr-al,adj.pertaining to theHymenop′tera, an order of insects having four membranous wings.—AlsoHymenop′terous. [Gr.hymēn, a membrane,pteron, a wing.]
Hymenotomy, hī-men-ot′o-mi,n.the cutting or dissection of membranes.
Hymn, him,n.a song of praise, a metrical formula of public worship.—v.t.to celebrate in song: to worship by hymns.—v.i.to sing in adoration.—ns.Hym′nal,Hym′nary, a hymn-book.—adj.Hym′nic, relating to hymns.—ns.Hym′nody, hymns collectively: hymnology;Hymnog′rapher;Hymnog′raphy, the art of writing hymns;Hymnol′ogist;Hymnol′ogy, the study or composition of hymns. [Gr.hymnos.]
Hyoid, hī′oid,adj.having the form of the Greek letter upsilon (υ), applied to a bone at the base of the tongue. [Gr.hyoeidēs—the letterυ, andeidos, form.]
Hyoscyamine, hī-ō-skī′a-mīn,n.a very poisonous alkaloid found in the seeds ofHyoscyamus niger, or henbane. [Gr.hyoskyamos, henbane.]
Hyp. SeeHip(3).
Hypæthral, hip-ē′thral,adj.roofless, open to the sky.—n.Hypæ′thron, an open court. [Gr.hypo, beneath,aithēr, air.]
Hypalgesia, hip-al-jē′si-a,n.diminished susceptibility to painful impressions—alsoHyperal′gia.—adj.Hyperalgē′sic. [Gr.hypo, under,algos, pain.]
Hypallage, hi-pal′a-jē,n.(rhet.) a figure in which the relations of things in a sentence are mutually interchanged, but without obscuring the sense. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr.hypallassein, to interchange—hypo, under,alassein, to change.]
Hyperacute, hī-per-a-kūt′,adj.excessively acute.—n.Hyperacute′ness.
Hyperæsthesia, hī-per-es-thē′si-a,n.(path.) excessive sensibility.—adj.Hyperæsthet′ic.
Hyperbaton, hī-per′ba-ton,n.(rhet.) a figure by which words are transposed from their natural order.—adj.Hyperbat′ic.—adv.Hyperbat′ically. [Gr.,—hyperbainein—hyper, beyond,bainein, to go.]
Hyperbola, hī-per′bo-la,n.(geom.) one of the conic sections or curves formed when the intersecting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes.—adjs.Hyperbol′ic,-al.—adv.Hyperbol′ically.—adjs.Hyperbol′iform;Hyper′boloid. [L.,—Gr.hyperbolē, fromhyperballein—hyper, beyond,ballein, to throw.]
Hyperbole, hī-per′bo-le,n.a rhetorical figure which produces a vivid impression by representing things as much greater or less than they really are—not expecting to be taken literally: an obvious exaggeration.—adjs.Hyperbol′ic,-al.—adv.Hyperbol′ically.—v.t.Hyper′bolise, to represent hyperbolically.—v.i.to speak hyperbolically or with exaggeration.—n.Hyper′bolism. [A doublet of the above.]
Hyperborean, hī-per-bō′rē-an,adj.belonging to the extreme north.—n.an inhabitant of the extreme north. [Gr.hyperboreos—hyper, beyond,Boreas, the north wind.]
Hypercatalectic, hī-per-kat-a-lek′tik,adj.(pros.) having an additional syllable or half-foot after the last complete dipody.—n.Hypercatalex′is.
Hypercritic, hī-per-krit′ik,n.one who is over-critical.—adjs.Hypercrit′ic,-al, over-critical.—adv.Hypercrit′ically.—v.t.Hypercrit′icise, to criticise with too much nicety.—n.Hypercrit′icism.
Hyperdulia, hī-per-dū-lī′a,n.the special kind of worship paid by Roman Catholics to the Virgin Mary, being higher than that paid to other saints (dulia), and distinct from that paid to God alone (latria). [Gr.hyper, beyond,douleia, service.]
Hyperemesis, hī-per-em′e-sis,n.excessive vomiting.—adj.Hyperemet′ic. [Gr.hyper, over,emesis, vomiting.]
Hyperemia,Hyperæmia, hī-per-ē′mi-a,n.an excessive accumulation of blood in any part of the body.—adjs.Hyperem′ic,Hyperæ′mic. [Gr.hyper, over,haima, blood.]
Hyperesthetic, hī-per-es-thet′ik,adj.morbidly sensitive.—AlsoHyperesthē′sic.
Hypericum, hī-per′i-kum,n.a large genus of plants, of which St John's wort is a typical species. [Gr.hypo, under,ereikē, heath.]
Hyperinosis, hī-per-i-nō′sis,n.excess of fibrin in the blood:—opp.toHypinosis.—adj.Hyperinot′ic.
Hyperion, hī-pēr′i-on,n.a Titan, son of Uranus and Ge, and father of Helios, Selene, and Eos: Helios himself, the incarnation of light and beauty.
Hypermetrical, hī-per-met′rik-al,adj.beyond or exceeding the ordinary metre of a line: having a syllable too much.—n.Hyper′meter.
Hypermetropia, hī-per-me-trō′pi-a,n.long-sightedness, the opposite ofMyopia—-alsoHyperop′ia.—adj.Hypermetrop′ic. [Gr.hyper, beyond,metron, measure,ōps, eye.]
Hyperorthodox, hī-per-or′thō-doks,adj.extremely orthodox—n.Hyperor′thodoxy.
Hyperphasia, hī-per-fā′zi-a,n.(path.) lack of control of the organs of speech.—adj.Hyperphā′sic.
Hyperphysical, hī-per-fiz′ik-al,adj.beyond physical laws: supernatural.
Hyperplasia, hī-per-plā′si-a,n.(path.) overgrowth of a part due to excessive multiplication of its cells.—adjs.Hyperplas′ic,Hyperplas′tic. [Gr.hyper, over,plasis, a forming—plassein, to form.]
Hypersarcosis, hī-per-sar-kō′sis,n.(path.) proud or fungous flesh.—AlsoHypersarcō′ma.
Hypersensitive, hī-per-sen′si-tiv,adj.excessively sensitive.—n.Hypersen′sitiveness.
Hypersthene, hī-per-sthēn′,n.a rock-forming mineral which crystallises in orthorhombic forms, an anhydrous magnesian silicate, generally dark green or raven-black in colour.—adj.Hypersthē′nic.—n.Hypersthē′nite, a more or less coarsely crystalline igneous rock, allied to gabbro—an aggregate of labradorite (feldspar) and hypersthene, of plutonic origin. [Gr.hyper; above,sthenos, strength.]
Hypersthenia, hī-per-sthē′ni-a,n.(path.) a morbid condition marked by excessive excitement of all the vital phenomena.—adj.Hypersthē′nic. [Gr.hyper, above,sthenos, strength.]
Hyperthesis, hī-per′the-sis,n.a transfer of a letter from its own to the syllable immediately before or after.—adj.Hyperthet′ic. [Gr.hyper, over,thesis—tithenai, to put.]
Hypertrophy, hī-per′tro-fi,n.over-nourishment: the state of an organ or part of the body when it grows too large from over-nourishment.—adjs.Hypertroph′ic,-al,Hyper′trophied,Hyper′trophous. [Gr.hyper, above,trophē, nourishment.]
Hyphen, hī′fen,n.a short stroke (-) joining two syllables or words.—adj.Hyphen′ic. [Gr.hypo, under,hen, one.]
Hypnotism, hip′no-tizm,n.a sleep-like condition induced by artificial means: a nervous sleep like the condition under mesmerism.—n.Hypnogen′esis, production of hypnotism—alsoHypnog′eny.—adj.Hypnogenet′ic.—adv.Hypnogenet′ically.—adjs.Hypnogen′ic,Hypnot′ic, having the property of producing sleep;Hypnog′enous.—ns.Hypnol′ogy, the sum of knowledge about sleep;Hypnō′sis, the production of sleep: the hypnotic state;Hypnot′ic, a medicine that induces sleep;Hypnotisabil′ity.—adj.Hyp′notisable.—n.Hypnotisā′tion.—v.t.Hyp′notīse, to subject to hypnotism, to produce hypnotic sleep in any one.—n.Hyp′notīser.—adjs.Hypnotis′tic;Hyp′notoid, like hypnotism. [Coined in 1843 from Gr.hypnos, sleep.]
Hypnum, hip′num,n.the largest genus of mosses, orderBryineæ, having archegonia and capsules borne on special lateral branches.
Hypobole, hip-pob′o-lē,n.(rhet.) the mention in argument of things apparently damaging to one's side, with the successive refutation of each. [Gr.]
Hypocaust, hip′o-kawst,n.among the ancients, a vaulted chamber from which the heat of stoves was distributed to baths or rooms above: now applied to the fireplace of a stove or hothouse. [Gr.hypokauston—hypo, under,kaiein, to burn.]
Hypochondria, hip-o-kon′dri-a,n.a nervous malady, often arising from indigestion, and tormenting the patient with imaginary fears—more correctly,Hypochondrī′asis—alsoHypochonrī′acism,Hypochondrī′asis,Hypochon′driasm.—n.Hypochon′driac, one suffering from hypochondria—alsoHypochon′driast.—adjs.Hypochon′driac,-al, relating to or affected with hypochondria: melancholy.—n.Hypochon′drium(anat.), that region of the abdomen situated on either side, under the costal cartilages and short ribs. [L.,—Gr., fromhypo, under,chrondos, a cartilage.]
Hypocist, hī′po-sist,n.an inspissated juice from a parasitic plant of the cytinus family.
Hypocrisy, hi-pok′ri-si,n.a feigning to be what one is not: concealment of true character. [Gr.hypokrisis—hypokrinesthai, to play on the stage, fromhypo, under,krinein, to decide.]
Hypocrite, hip′o-krit,n.one who practises hypocrisy.—adj.Hypocrit′ical, practising hypocrisy.—adv.Hypocrit′ically. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr.hypokritēs.]
Hypocycloid, hī-po-sī′kloid,n.a curve generated by a point on the circumference of a circle which rolls on the inside of another circle.—adj.Hypocyoloid′al.
Hypodermic, hī-po-der′mik,adj.relating to the parts under the skin, subcutaneous, esp. of a method of injecting a drug in solution under the skin by means of a fine hollow needle to which a small syringe is attached—alsoHypoder′mal.—n.Hypoder′ma, the layer of colourless cells immediately beneath the epidermis of a leaf. [Gr.hypo, under,derma, the skin.]
Hypogastric, hip-o-gas′trik,adj.belonging to the lower part of the abdomen.—ns.Hypogas′trium, the lower part of the belly;Hypogas′trocele, a hernia through the walls of the lower belly. [Gr.hypo, under,gastēr, the belly.]
Hypogene, hī′po-jēn,adj.(geol.) of or pertaining to rocks which have assumed their present structure under the surface, plutonic:—opp. toEpigene.—adj.Hypog′enous(bot.), produced below the surface, of fungi growing on the under side of leaves:—opp. toEpigenousandEpiphyllous. [Gr.hypo, under,genēs, produced.]
Hypogeum, hī-po-jē′um,n.the part of a building below the ground, any underground chamber.—adjs.Hypogē′al,Hypogæ′an,Hypogē′an, subterranean. [Gr.hypo, under,gē, the ground.]
Hypoglossal, hī-po-glos′al,adj.situated under the tongue. [Gr.hypo, under,glōssa, the tongue.]
Hypognathous, hī-pog′nā-thus,adj.(ornith.) having the under mandible longer than the upper, as the black skimmer.—n.Hypog′nathism.
Hypogynous, hī-poj′i-nus,adj.(bot.) growing from beneath the ovary, said of certain parts of plants. [Gr.hypo, under,gynē, a woman.]
Hyponasty, hī′po-nas-ti,n.(bot.) increased growth along the lower surface of an organ or part of a plant, causing the part to bend upward:—opp. toEpinasty.
Hypophosphite, hī-po-fos′fīt,n.(chem.) a salt obtained by the union of hypophosphorous acid with a salifiable base—alsoHypophos′phate.—adjs.Hypophosphor′ic,Hypophos′phorous, containing less oxygen than phosphorous acid contains.
Hypophysis, hī-pof′i-sis,n.the pituitary body of the brain: (bot.) an inflated part of the pedicel under the capsule, in mosses; in flowering plants, a cell of the embryo producing the primary root and root-cap. [Gr.hypo, under,phyein, to grow.]
Hypostasis, hī-pos′ta-sis,n.a substance: the essence or real personal subsistence or substance of each of the three divisions of the Godhead.—adjs.Hypostat′ic,-al.—adv.Hypostat′ically.—v.t.Hypos′tatīse. [L.,—Gr.hypostasis—hyphistēmi—hypo, under,histēmi, I make to stand.]
Hypostrophe, hī-pos′tro-fe,n.return of a disease, relapse: (rhet.) use of insertion or parenthesis.
Hypostyle, hī′po-stīl,adj.(archit.) having the roof supported by pillars. [Gr.hypo, under,stylos, a pillar.]
Hyposulphurous, hī-po-sul′fer-us,adj.next in a series below sulphurous.—AlsoHyposulphū′ric.
Hypotaxis, hī-po-tak′sis,n.(gram.) dependent construction—opp. toParataxis.—adj.Hypotac′tic.
Hypotenuse, hī-pot′en-ūs, or hip-,Hypothenuse,hī-poth′en-ūs,n.the side of a right-angled triangle opposite to the right angle. [Fr.,—Gr.hypoteinousa(grammē), lit. (a line) 'which stretches under'—hypo, under,teinein, to stretch.]
Hypothec, hī-poth′ek,n.in Scotch law, a lien or security over goods in respect of a debt due by the owner of the goods.—adj.Hypoth′ecary, pertaining to hypothecation or mortgage.—v.t.Hypoth′ecāte, to place or assign anything as security under an arrangement: to mortgage.—ns.Hypothecā′tion;Hypoth′ecator. [Fr.,—L.hypotheca—Gr.hypothēkē, a pledge.]
Hypothesis, hī-poth′e-sis,n.a supposition: a proposition assumed for the sake of argument: a theory to be proved or disproved by reference to facts: a provisional explanation of anything.—v.i.Hypoth′esize, to form hypotheses.—adjs.Hypothet′ic,-al, belonging to a hypothesis: conditional.—adv.Hypothet′ically. [Gr.,hypo, under,tithenai, to place.]