Panharmonicon, pan-har-mon′i-kon,n.a mechanical musical instrument of the orchestrion class.—AlsoOrpheus-harmonica.
Panhellenic, pan-hel-en′ik,adj.pertaining to all Greece.—ns.Panhellē′nion, orPanhellē′nium, a council representing all the sections of the Greeks;Panhell′enism, a scheme for forming all Greeks into one political body;Panhell′enist, one who favours Panhellenism. [Gr.pas,pan, all,Hellēnikos, Greek—Hellas, Greece.]
Panic, pan′ik,n.extreme or sudden fright: great terror without any visible ground or foundation: a state of terror about investments produced by some startling collapse in credit, impelling men to rush and sell what they possess.—adj.of the nature of a panic: extreme or sudden: imaginary.—adj.Pan′icky(coll.), inclined to panic or sudden terror, affected by financial panic.—n.Pan′ic-mong′er, one who creates panics.—adjs.Pan′ic-strick′en,Pan′ic-struck, struck with a panic or sudden fear. [Orig. an adj.; Gr.panikon(deima), 'panic' (fear), frompanikos, belonging to Pan, god of the woods.]
Panicle, pan′i-kl,n.(bot.) a form of the arrangement of flowers on a stalk, in which the cluster is irregularly branched, as in oats.—n.Pan′ic, a grass of the genusPanicum.—adjs.Pan′icled(bot.), furnished with panicles: arranged in or like panicles;Panic′ulāte,-d, furnished with, arranged in, or like panicles.—adv.Panic′ulātely.—n.Pan′icum, a large genus of true grasses having the one or two-flowered spikelets in spikes, racemes, or panicles—including the common millet. [L.panicula, double dim. ofpanus, thread wound on a bobbin, akin to L.pannusand Gr.pēnos. SeePane.]
Panidrosis, pan-i-drō′sis,n.a perspiration over the whole body. [Gr.pas,pan, all,hidrōs, perspiration.]
Panification, pan-i-fi-kā′shun,n.a conversion into bread.—adj.Paniv′orous, eating bread.
Panionic, pan-ī-on′ik,adj.pertaining to all theIonianpeoples.
Panisc, pan′isk,n.the godPan, represented as a satyr.
Panislamic, pan-is-lam′ik,adj.relating to allIslam, or all the Mohammedan races.—n.Panis′lamism, the idea of union amongst the Mohammedan races.
Panjandrum, pan-jan′drum,n.an imaginary figure of great power and importance, a burlesque potentate.—AlsoPanjan′darum. [A gibberish word.]
Panlogism, pan′lō-jizm,n.the theory that the universe is an outward manifestation of the Logos.
Panmelodion, pan-mē-lō′di-on,n.a keyboard musical instrument whose tone is produced by wheels rubbing on metal bars.
Panmixia, pan-mik′si-a,n.(biol.) cessation of natural selection, as on a useless organ.
Pannade, pa-nād′,n.the curvet of a horse.
Pannage, pan′āj,n.food picked up by swine in the woods, mast; also the right to this.
Pannel. Same asPanel.
Panniculus, pa-nik′ū-lus,n.a thin, sheet-like investment. [L., dim. ofpannus, a cloth.]
Pannier, pan′yėr, or pan′i-ėr,n.a bread-basket: one of two baskets thrown across a horse's back, for carrying light produce to market: (archit.) a corbel: a contrivance for puffing out a woman's dress at the hips: a piece of basket-work for protecting archers, or, when filled with gravel or sand, for forming and protecting dikes, embankments, &c.—adj.Pann′iered, loaded with panniers. [Fr.panier—L.panarium, a bread-basket—panis, bread.]
Pannikel, pan′i-kl,n.the brain-pan: (Spens.) the skull. [Dim. ofpan.]
Pannikin, pan′i-kin,n.a small pan or saucer.
Pannose, pan′ōs,adj.(bot.) like felt in texture. [L.pannosus—pannus, cloth.]
Pannus, pan′us,n.an opaque vascular membrane over the cornea: a tent for a wound: a birth-mark on the skin. [L., 'cloth.']
Pannuscorium, pan-us-kō′ri-um,n.a leather-cloth for boots. [L.pannus, cloth,corium, leather.]
Panocha, pa-nō′cha,n.a Mexican coarse sugar.
Panochia, pa-nō′chi-a,n.bubo in the groin or armpit. [Gr.cheia, a hole.]
Panoistic, pan-ō-is′tik,adj.producing ova only—opp. toMeroistic. [Gr.ōon, an egg.]
Panophobia, pan-ō-fō′bi-a,n.a morbid fear of everything. [Gr.pas,pan, all,phobos, fear.]
Panophthalmitis, pan-of-thal-mī′tis,n.suppurative inflammation of the whole eye.
Panoply, pan′ō-pli,n.complete armour: a full suit of armour.—adj.Pan′oplied, dressed in panoply: completely armed.—n.Pan′oplist, one so armed. [Gr.panoplia—pas,pan, all,hopla(pl.), arms.]
Panopticon, pan-op′ti-kon,n.a prison so constructed that all the prisoners can be watched from one point: an exhibition room. [Gr.pas,pan, all,horaein, fut.opsesthai, to see.]
Panorama, pan-ō-rä′ma,n.a wide or complete view: a picture giving views of objects in all directions: a picture representing a number of scenes unrolled and made to pass before the spectator.—adj.Panora′mic. [Gr.pan, all,horama, a view, fromhoraein, to see.]
Panotitis, pan-ō-tī′tis,n.inflammation in both the middle and internal ear.
Panotype, pan′ō-tīp,n.a picture made by the collodion process.
Panpharmacon, pan-far′ma-kon,n.a universal remedy.
Pan-Presbyterian, pan-pres-bi-tē′ri-an,adj.of or pertaining to the whole body of Presbyterians.—Pan-Presbyterian Council, a council representing all the Presbyterian churches throughout the world.
Pansclerosis, pan-skle-rō′sis,n.complete thickening and hardening of the interstitial tissue of a part.
Panser, pan′sėr,n.an ancient piece of armour for the abdomen. [O. Fr.pansiere—panse, the belly—L.pantex, the belly.]
Pan-Slavic, pan′-slav′ik,adj.pertaining to all the Slavic races.—ns.Pan′-Slav′ism, a movement for the amalgamation of all the Slavonic races into one body, with one language, literature, and social polity;Pan′-Slav′ist, one who favours Pan-Slavism.—adjs.Pan-Slavō′nian,Pan-Slavon′ic.
Pansophy, pan′sō-fi,n.a scheme of universal knowledge, esp. that of the educational reformer, John Amos Comenius (1592-1671): the pretence of universal wisdom.—adjs.Pansoph′ic,-al. [Gr.pas,pan, all,sophia, wisdom.]
Panspermatism, pan-sper′ma-tizm,n.the theory of the widespread diffusion of germs—alsoPansper′my.—n.Pansper′matist, a holder of this.—adj.Pansper′mic. [Gr.pas,pan, all,sperma, seed.]
Panstereorama, pan-ster-ē-ō-rä′ma,n.a model showing every part in proportional relief, as of a building. [Gr.pas,pan, all,stereos, solid,horama, a view.]
Pansy, pan′zi,n.a species of violet developed by cultivation into large blossoms of great variety of colour—alsoHeart's-ease,Love-in-idleness:—pl.Pan′sies.—adj.Pan′sied. [Fr.pensée—penser, to think—L.pensāre, to weigh.]
Pant, pant,v.i.to breathe hard and quickly: to show excitement by quickness of breathing: to gasp: to throb: to desire ardently: to heave, as the breast: to bulge and shrink successively, of iron hulls, &c.—v.t.to gasp out: to long for.—ns.Pant,Pant′ing, rapid breathing: palpitation: longing.—adv.Pant′ingly, in a panting manner: with hard and rapid breathing. [Imit.; or nasalised frompat(v.t.).]
Pantagamy, pan-tag′a-mi,n.a system of communistic marriage, once practised in the Oneida community. [Gr.panta, all,gamos, marriage.]
Pantagogue, pan′ta-gōg,n.a medicine once believed capable of purging away all morbid humours. [Gr.panta,pas, all,agōgos, drawing out—agein, to lead.]
Pantagraph,Pantagraphic,-al. Same asPantograph, &c.
Pantagruelism, pan-ta-grōō′el-izm,n.the theories and practice ofPantagruelas described by Rabelais (1483-1553)—burlesque ironical buffoonery as a cover for serious satire: empirical medical theory and practice.—adj.Pantagruel′ian.—ns.Pantagruel′ion, a magic herb allegorising fortitude, patience, industry;Pantagru′elist, a cynic who uses the medium of burlesque.
Pantaleon, pan-tal′ē-on,n.a musical instrument invented about 1700 byPantaleonHebenstreit, a very large dulcimer.
Pantalets, pan-ta-lets′,n.pl.long frilled drawers, once worn by women and children: a removable kind of ruffle worn at the feet of women's drawers.
Pantaloon, pan-ta-lōōn′,n.in pantomimes, a ridiculous character, a buffoon: (orig.) a ridiculous character in Italian comedy, also a garment worn by him, consisting of breeches and stockings all in one piece: (pl.) a kind of trousers.—n.Pantaloon′ery, buffoonery. [Fr.pantalon—It.pantalone, fromPantaleon(Gr. 'all-lion'), the patron saint of Venice.]
Pantatrophy, pan-tat′ro-fi,n.general atrophy of the whole body.
Pantechnicon, pan-tek′ni-kon,n.a place where every species of workmanship is sold, or where furniture, &c., is stored. [Gr.pas,pan, all,technē, art.]
Panter, pan′tėr,n.(obs.). Same asPanther.
Pantheism, pan′thē-izm,n.the form of monism which identifies mind and matter, making them manifestations of one absolute being: the doctrine that there is no God apart from nature or the universe, everything being considered as part of God, or a manifestation of Him.—n.Pan′thēist, a believer in pantheism.—adjs.Panthēist′ic,-al.—ns.Panthēol′ogist, one versed in pantheology;Panthēol′ogy, a system of theology embracing all religions and the knowledge of all gods.
Pantheon, pan′thē-on,n.a temple dedicated to all the gods, esp. the round one at Rome, built by Agrippa in 27B.C.: all the gods of a nation considered as one body: a complete mythology. [L.panthēon—Gr.pantheion(hieron), (a temple) for all gods—pas,pan, all,theos, a god.]
Panther, pan′thėr,n.a fierce, spotted, carnivorous quadruped of Asia and Africa:—fem.Pan′theress. [Fr.panthère—L.,—Gr.panthēr.]
Pantile, pan′tīl,n.a tile with a curved surface, convex or concave with reference to its width: a tile whose cross-section forms a double curve, forming a tegula and imbrex both in one.—adj.dissenting—chapels being often roofed with these.—n.Pan′tiling, a system of tiling with pantiles.
Pantisocrasy, pan-ti-sok′ra-si,n.a Utopian community in which all are of equal rank or social position. [Gr.pas,pantos, all, isos, equal,kratein, to rule.]
Pantler, pant′lėr,n.(Shak.) the officer in a great family who had charge of the bread and other provisions. [Fr.panetier—L.panis, bread.]
Pantochronometer, pan-tō-kro-nom′e-tėr,n.a combination of compass, sun-dial, and universal sun-dial.
Pantoffle, pan′tof'l,n.a slipper. [Fr.]
Pantograph, pan′tō-graf,n.an instrument for copying drawings, plans, &c. on the same, or a different, scale from the original.—adjs.Pantograph′ic,-al, pertaining to, or done by, a pantograph.—n.Pantog′raphy, general description: entire view: process of copying by means of the pantograph. [Gr.pan, all,graphein, to write.]
Pantology, pan-tol′o-ji,n.universal knowledge: a view of all branches of knowledge: a book of universal information.—adj.Pantolog′ic.—n.Pantol′ogist. [Gr.pas,pantos, all,logia, description.]
Pantometer, pan-tom′e-tėr,n.an instrument for measuring angles and perpendiculars.—n.Pantom′etry.
Pantomime, pan′tō-mīm,n.one who expresses his meaning by action without speaking: a play or an entertainment in dumb show: an entertainment in a theatre, usually about Christmas-time, in which some well-known story is acted, amidst showy scenery, with music and dancing, concluding with buffoonery by conventional characters—the clown, pantaloon, harlequin, and columbine.—adj.representing only by action without words.—adjs.Pantomim′ic,-al.—adv.Pantomim′ically.—n.Pan′tomimist, an actor in a pantomime. [Fr.,—L.—Gr.pantomimos, imitator of all—pas,pantos, all,mimos, an imitator.]
Pantomorph, pan′tō-morf,n.that which exists in all shapes.—adj.Pantomor′phic.
Panton, pan′ton,n.a horse-shoe for curing a narrow and hoof-bound heel: an idle fellow.
Pantophagy, pan-tof′a-ji,n.morbid hunger for all kinds of food.—n.Pantoph′agist.—adj.Pantoph′agous. [Gr.panta, all,phagein, to eat.]
Pantoscope, pan′tō-skōp,n.a panoramic camera: a very wide-angled photographic lens.—adj.Pantoscop′ic, giving a wide range of vision.
Pantostomatous, pan-tō-stom′a-tus,adj.ingesting food at any point on the surface of the body.
Pantry, pan′tri,n.a room or closet for provisions and table furnishings, or where plate, knives, &c. are cleaned. [Fr.paneterie, a place where bread is distributed—Low L.panitaria—L.panis, bread.]
Pants,n.pl.(coll.) trousers, abbrev. ofpantaloons.
Panurgic, pan-ur′jik,adj.able to do all kinds of work. [Gr.pan, all,ergon, work.]
Panzoism, pan-zō′izm,n.the sum of the elements that make up vital force. [Gr.pas,pan, all,zōē, life.]
Pap, pap,n.soft food for infants: pulp of fruit: nourishment: (slang) the emoluments or perquisites of public office.—v.t.to feed with pap.—adjs.Papes′cent,Pap′py.—ns.Pap′meat, soft food for infants;Pap′spoon, a spoon for infants. [Imit.]
Pap, pap,n.a nipple or teat: a woman's breast: a round conical hill, as thePapsof Jura.
Papa, pa-pä′, or pä′pa,n.father: a bishop: a priest of the Greek Church. [Imit.]
Papacy, pā′pa-si,n.the office of the Pope: the authority of the Pope: popery: the Popes, as a body.—adj.Pā′pal, belonging to, or relating to, the Pope or to popery: popish.—v.t.Pā′palise, to make papal.—v.i.to conform to popery.—ns.Pā′palism;Pā′palist.—adv.Pā′pally.—ns.Pāpaphō′bia, extreme fear of the Pope, or the progress of papacy;Pā′parchy, papal government. [Low L.papatia—papa, a father.]
Papain, pä′pa-in,n.a nitrogenous body, isolated from the juice of the papaw, one of the digestive ferments applied in some cases of dyspepsia, either internally or for the predigestion of food.
Papaverous, pa-pav′ėr-us,adj.resembling or having the qualities of the poppy.—adj.Papaverā′ceous, of or like the poppy. [L.papaver, the poppy.]
Papaw, pa-paw′,n.the treeCarica papaya, or its fruit, native to South America, but common in the tropics, the trunk, leaves, and fruit yielding papain (q.v.), the leaves forming a powerful anthelmintic: the treeAsimina triloba, or its fruit, native to the United States. [The Malabar native name.]
Paper, pā′pėr,n.the material made from rags or vegetable fibres on which we commonly write and print: a piece of paper: a written or printed document or instrument, note, receipt, bill, bond, deed, &c.: a newspaper: an essay or literary contribution, generally brief: paper-money: paper-hangings for walls: a set of examination questions: free passes of admission to a theatre, &c., also the persons admitted by such.—adj.consisting or made of paper.—v.t.to cover with paper: to fold in paper: to treat in any way by means of paper, as to sand-paper, &c.: to paste the end-papers and fly-leaves at the beginning and end of a book before fitting it into its covers.—ns.Pā′per-bar′on, or-lord, one who holds a title that is merely official, like that of a Scotch Lord of Session, &c., or whose title is merely by courtesy or convention;Pā′per-case, a box for holding writing materials, &c.;Pā′per-chase, the game of hounds and hares, when the hares scatter bits of paper to guide the hounds;Pā′per-cigar′, a cigarette;Pā′per-clamp, a frame for holding newspapers, sheets of music, &c., for easy reference;Pā′per-clip, orLetter-clip, an appliance with opening and closing spring, for holding papers together;Pā′per-cloth, a fabric prepared in many of the Pacific islands from the inner bark of the mulberry, &c.;Pā′per-cred′it, credit given to a person because he shows by bills, promissory notes, &c. that money is owing to him;Pā′per-cut′ter, a machine for cutting paper in sheets, for trimming the edges of books, &c.;Pā′per-day, one of certain days in each term for hearing causes down in the paper or roll of business;Pā′per-enam′el, an enamel for cards and fine note-paper.—adj.Pā′per-faced(Shak.), having a face as white as paper.—ns.Pā′per-feed′er, an apparatus for delivering sheets of paper to a printing-press, &c.;Pā′per-file, an appliance for holding letters, &c., for safety and readiness of reference;Pā′per-gauge, a rule for measuring the type-face of matter to be printed, and the width of the margin;Pā′per-hang′er, one who hangs paper on the walls of rooms, &c.—n.pl.Pā′per-hang′ings, paper, either plain or with coloured figures, for hanging on or covering walls.—ns.Pā′pering, the operation of covering or hanging with paper: the paper itself;Pā′per-knife,-cut′ter,-fold′er, a thin, flat blade of ivory, &c., for cutting open the leaves of books and other folded papers;Pā′per-mak′er, one who manufactures paper;Pā′per-mak′ing;Pā′per-mar′bler, one engaged in marbling paper;Pā′per-mill, a mill where paper is made;Pā′per-mon′ey, pieces of paper stamped or marked by government or by a bank, as representing a certain value of money, which pass from hand to hand instead of the coin itself;Pā′per-mus′lin, a glazed muslin for dress linings, &c.;Pā′per-nau′tilus, or-sail′or, the nautilus;Pā′per-off′ice, an office in Whitehall where state-papers are kept;Pā′per-pulp, the pulp from which paper is made;Pā′per-punch, an apparatus for piercing holes in paper;Pā′per-reed(B.), the papyrus;Pā′per-rul′er, one who, or an instrument which, makes straight lines on paper;Pā′per-stain′er, one who prepares paper-hangings;Pā′per-test′er, a machine for testing the stretching strength of paper;Pā′per-wash′ing(phot.), water in which prints have been washed;Pā′per-weight, a small weight for laying on a bundle of loose papers to prevent them from being displaced.—adj.Pā′pery, like paper.—Bristol paperorboard, a strong smooth paper for drawing on;Brown-paper(seeBrown);Chinese paper, rice-paper: a fine soft slightly brownish paper made from bamboo bark, giving fine impressions from engravings;Cream-laid paper, a smooth paper of creamy colour, much used for note-paper;Distinctive paper, a fine silk-threaded fibre paper used in the United States for bonds, &c.;Filter-paper(seeFilter);Hand-made paper, that made wholly by hand, as still with some kinds of printing and drawing papers;Height-to-paper, in typefounding, the length of a type from its face to its foot (11⁄12inch);Hot-pressed paper, paper polished by pressure between heated plates;Imperfect paper, sheets of poorer quality, as the two outside quires of a ream;India paper(seeIndian);Japanese paper, a soft fine paper made from the bark of the paper-mulberry, giving good impressions of plate engravings;Lithographic paper, paper used for taking impressions from lithographic stones;Litmus paper(seeLitmus);Marbled paper(seeMarble);Parchment paper, a tough paper, prepared in imitation of parchment by dipping in diluted sulphuric acid and washing with weak ammonia;Plain paper, unruled paper: (phot.) any unglossy paper;Plate paper, the best class of book paper;Printing paper(seePrint);Rag-paper, that made from the pulp of rags;Ruled paper, writing-paper ruled with lines for convenience;Sensitised paper(phot.), paper chemically treated so that its colour is affected by the action of light;State-paper(seeState);Test-paper(seeTest);Tissue-paper, a very thin soft paper for wrapping delicate articles, protecting engravings in books, &c.—alsoSilk-paper;Tracing-paper, transparent paper used for copying a design, &c., by laying it over the original, and copying the lines shown through it;Transfer-paper(seeTransfer);Vellum paper, a heavy ungrained smooth paper, sometimes used in fine printing;Whatman paper, a fine quality of English paper, with fine or coarse grain, used for etchings, engravings, &c.;Wove paper, paper laid on flannel or felt, showing no marks of wires;Wrapping-paper, coarse paper used for wrapping up parcels, &c. [A shortened form ofpapyrus.]
Papeterie, pap-e-trē′,n.a box containing paper, &c., for writing purposes: stationery. [Fr.]
Paphian, pā′fi-an,adj.pertaining toPaphosin Cyprus, sacred to Aphrodite: lascivious.—n.a native of Paphos, a votary of Aphrodite: a whore.
Papier-mâché, pap′yā-mä′shā,n.a material consisting either of paper-pulp or of sheets of paper pasted together, which by a peculiar treatment resembles varnished or lacquered wood in one class of articles made of it, and in another class (chiefly architectural ornaments) somewhat resembles plaster. [Fr.papier—L.papyrus;mâchéis pa.p. of Fr.mâcher, to chew—L.masticāre, to masticate.]
Papilionaceous, pa-pil-yo-nā′shus,adj.(bot.) having a flower shaped somewhat like a butterfly, as the bean, pea, &c. [L.papilio,-onis, a butterfly.]
Papilla, pa-pil′a,n.one of the minute elevations on the skin, esp. on the upper surface of the tongue and on the tips of the fingers, and in which the nerves terminate: (bot.) a nipple-like protuberance:—pl.Papill′æ.—adjs.Pap′illar,Pap′illary, like a papilla, provided with papillæ;Pap′illāte, formed into a papilla, studded with papillæ.—v.i.andv.t.to become a papilla, to cover with such.—adjs.Papillif′erous, papillate: bearing one or more fleshy excrescences;Papill′iform, like a papilla in form.—ns.Papillī′tis, inflammation of the optic papilla;Papillō′ma, a tumour formed by the hypertrophy of one papilla, or of several, including warts, corns, &c.—adjs.Papillom′atous;Pap′illōse, full of papillæ, warty—alsoPap′illous;Papill′ūlate, finely papillose.—n.Pap′illūle, a very small papilla, a verruca or a variole. [L., a small pustule, dim. ofpapula.]
Papillote, pap′il-ōt,n.a curl-paper, from its fancied resemblance to a butterfly. [Fr., frompapillot, old form ofpapillon, butterfly—L.papilio.]
Papist, pā′pist,n.an adherent of the Pope: a name slightingly given to a Roman Catholic—(prov.)Pā′pish,Pā′pisher.—n.Pā′pism, popery.—adjs.Pāpist′ic,-al, pertaining to popery, or to the Church of Rome, its doctrines, &c.—adv.Pāpist′ically.—n.Pā′pistry, popery.
Papoose, pap-ōōs′,n.a N. Amer. Indian infant, usually wrapped up, fixed to a board, and thus carried by its mother or hung up for safety.—AlsoPappoose′.
Pappus, pap′us,n.(bot.) the fine hair or down which grows on the seeds of some plants: the first hair on the chin.—adjs.Pappif′erous, bearing a pappus;Pappōse′,Papp′ous, provided or covered with down. [L.pappus—Gr.pappos, down.]
Papuan, pap′ū-an,adj.pertaining toPapuaor New Guinea.—n.an inhabitant of Papua: one of a race of black colour, dolichocephalic, with rough and frizzly hair, inhabiting many of the islands of the Pacific near Australia. [Malay.]
Papulose, pap′ū-lōs,adj.full of pimples—alsoPap′ūlous.—n.Pap′ūla, a small inflammatory pustule, a pimple:—pl.Pap′ūlæ.—adj.Pap′ūlar.—ns.Papūlā′tion, the development of papules;Pap′ūle, a pimple.—adj.Papulif′erous, pimply. [L.papula, a pimple.]
Papyrus, pa-pī′rus,n.an Egyptian sedge, now scarcely found there, from the inner pith (byblos) of which the ancients made their paper: a manuscript on papyrus:—pl.Papy′rī.—adjs.Papyrā′ceous,Pap′yral,Papyr′ēan,Pap′yrine, pertaining to the papyrus or to papyri: like paper in appearance and consistency;Papyrit′ious, resembling paper, as the nests of certain wasps.—n.Papyrograph(pā-pī′rō-graf),a hectograph or apparatus for producing copies of a written or printed document.—v.t.to produce by means of such.—adj.Pāpyrograph′ic.—n.Papyrog′raphy. [L.—Gr.papyros, prob. Egyptian.]
Par, pär,n.state of equality: equal value, the norm or standard: state or value of bills, shares, &c. when they sell at exactly the price marked on them—i.e. withoutpremiumordiscount: equality of condition.—v.t.to fix an equality between.—Par of exchange, the value of coin of one country expressed in that of another.—Above par, at a premium, or at more than the nominal value;At par, at exactly the nominal value;Below par, at a discount, or at less than the nominal value;Nominal par, the value with which a bill or share is marked, or by which it is known. [L.par, equal.]
Par, pär,n.Same asParr.
Para, pa-rä′,n.a coin of copper, silver, or mixed metal in use in Turkey and Egypt, the 40th part of a piastre, and worth about1⁄18th of a penny in Turkey and1⁄16th in Egypt.
Parabaptism, par-a-bap′tizm,n.uncanonical baptism.
Parabasis, pa-rab′a-sis,n.the chief of the choral parts in ancient Greek comedy, usually an address from the poet to the public. [Gr.,para, beside,basis—bainein, to walk.]
Parabema, par-a-bē′ma,n.in Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture, the chapel of the prothesis or the diaconicon, or sacristy, where divided by walls from the bema or sanctuary:—pl.Parabē′mata.—adj.Parabemat′ic.
Parablast, par′a-blast,n.the supplementary or nutritive yolk of a meroblastic egg or metovum—as distinguished from thearchiblast, or formative yolk.—adj.Parablast′ic. [Gr.para, beside,blastos, a germ.]
Parable, par′a-bl,n.a comparison: a fable or story of something which might have happened, told to illustrate some doctrine, or to make some duty clear: (B.) an apologue, proverb (Ps. lxxviii. 2, Hab. ii. 6).—v.t.to represent by a parable.—adjs.Parabol′ic,-al, like a parable or a parabola: expressed by a parable: belonging to, or of the form of, a parabola.—adv.Parabol′ically. [Gr.parabolē—paraballein, to compare—para, beside,ballein, to throw.]
Parablepsis, par-a-blep′sis,n.false vision.—AlsoPar′ablepsy. [Gr.para, beside,blepsis—bleptein, to see.]
Parabola, par-ab′o-la,n.(geom.) a curve or conic section, formed by cutting a cone with a plane parallel to its slope (for illustration, seeCone).—adjs.Parabol′ic;Parabol′iform.—n.Parab′oloid, the solid which would be generated by the rotation of a parabola about its principal axis. [Gr.parabolē; cf.Parable.]
Parabolanus, par-a-bō-lā′nus,n.in the early Eastern Church, a lay assistant to the clergy for waiting on the sick. [Gr.parabolos, reckless.]
Parabole, par-ab′o-le,n.(rhet.) a parable, a comparison or similitude. [Gr.; cf.Parable.]
Paracelsian, par-a-sel′si-an,adj.of or relating to the famous Swiss philosopher and physician,Paracelsus(1490-1541), or resembling his theories or practice. The name was coined for himself by Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, and apparently implied a claim to be greater than Celsus.
Paracentesis, par-a-sen-tē′sis,n.(surg.) the perforation of a cavity with a trocar, &c., tapping. [Gr.,para, beside,kentein, to pierce.]
Paracentral, par-a-sen′tral,adj.situated next a centrum.—adj.Paracen′tric, approaching to the centre or receding from it.
Parachordal, par-a-kōr′dal,adj.(biol.) lying alongside the cranial part of the notochord. [Gr.para, beside,chordē, a chord.]
Parachromatism, par-a-krō′ma-tizm,n.colour-blindness. [Gr.para, beside,chroma, colour.]
Parachronism, par-ak′ron-izm,n.an error in dating an event by which it is made to appear later than it really was. [Gr.,para, beside,chronos, time.]
Parachrose, par′a-krōs,adj.(min.) changing colour by exposure to weather. [Gr.,para, beside,chroa, colour.]
Parachute, par′a-shōōt,n.an apparatus like an umbrella for descending safely from a balloon.—v.t.andv.i.to descend by means of such.—n.Par′achutist. [Fr., forpar' à chute, from Fr.parer—L.parāre, to prepare,chute, a fall—L.cadĕre.]
Paraclete, par′a-klēt,n.the Comforter, Advocate, or Intercessor of John, xiv. 16, 26, 1 John, ii. 1, &c.—the Holy Ghost or Spirit.—ns.Paraclēt′ice,Paraclēt′icon, an office-book in the Greek Church containing the troparia of the whole ferial office for the year. [Through L., from Gr.paraklētos—parakalein,para, beside,kalein, to call.]
Paracme, pa-rak′mē,n.(biol.) the decadence of an evolutionary series of organisms after reaching its highest point of development. [Gr.para, beside,akmē, a point.]
Paracolpitis, par-a-kol-pī′tis,n.inflammation of the outer coat of the vagina. [Gr.para, beside,kolpos, the womb.]
Paracorolla, par-a-kō-rol′a,n.(bot.) a crown or appendage of a corolla, usually as a nectary. [Gr.para, beside, L.corolla.]
Paracrostic, par-a-krōs′tik,n.a poem with the first verse containing the initial letters of the others.
Paracusis, par-a-kū′sis,n.disordered hearing. [Gr.para, beside,akousis, hearing.]
Paracyanogen, par-a-sī-an′ō-jen,n.a substance obtained by heating mercury cyanide almost to redness.
Paracyesis, par-a-sī-ē′sis,n.extra-uterine pregnancy.
Paradactylum, par-a-dak′ti-lum,n.the side of a bird's toe. [Gr.para, beside,daktylos, a finger.]
Parade, par-ād′,n.the orderly arrangement of troops for exercise or inspection: a review of troops: the place where such a display takes place: that which is displayed: great or splendid show of any kind: a public walk or promenade.—v.t.to show off: to marshal in military order.—v.i.to march up and down as if for show: to pass in military order: to march in procession. [Fr.—Sp.parada—parar, to halt—L.parāre,-ātum, to prepare.]
Paradigm, par′a-dim,n.an example: model: (gram.) an example of the inflection of a word.—adjs.Paradigmat′ic,-al, consisting of, or resembling, paradigms.—n.Paradigmat′ic, one who narrates the lives of religious persons by way of examples.—adv.Paradigmat′ically. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr.paradeigma—para, beside,deiknynai, to show.]
Paradise, par′a-dīs,n.a park or pleasure-ground, esp. in ancient Persia: the garden of Eden: heaven: any place of great beauty or state of blissful delights: the happy abode of the righteous in heaven: (slang) the upper gallery in a theatre: (archit.) a small private apartment, a court in front of a church.—adjs.Paradisā′ic,-al,Paradis′iac,-al, pertaining to, or resembling, paradise.—n.Par′adise-fish, a Chinese species of Macropid often kept in aquaria for its beauty of form and colouring.—adjs.Paradis′ial,Paradis′ian, pertaining to, suitable to, or resembling paradise;Paradis′ic,-al, pertaining to paradise.—Bird Of Paradise, an Eastern bird closely allied to the crow, with splendid plumage. [Fr.paradis—L.paradisus—Gr.paradeisos, a park, prob. Persian.]
Parados, par′a-dos,n.earthworks behind a fortified place, protecting against a rear attack.
Paradox, par′a-doks,n.that which is contrary to received opinion, or that which is apparently absurd but really true.—n.Par′adoxer.—adjs.Paradox′ic,-al, of the nature of a paradox: inclined to paradoxes, said of persons.—adv.Paradox′ically.—ns.Paradox′icalness;Paradox′ides, a genus of trilobites;Par′adoxist;Par′adoxy, the quality of being paradoxical.—Hydrostatic paradox(seeHydrostatics). [Through Fr. and L., from Gr.paradoxon—para, contrary to,doxa, an opinion.]
Paradoxure, par-a-dok′sūr,n.a civet-like carnivore of Southern Asia and Malaysia, the palm-cat of India.—adj.Paradoxū′rine, having a paradoxical or peculiarly curling tail.
Paræsthesia, par-es-thē′si-a,n.abnormal sensation. [Gr.para, beyond,aisthēsis, sensation.]
Paraffin, par′af-fin,n.a white, transparent, crystalline substance, obtained from shale, coal-tar, &c., much used instead of wax, tallow, &c. in making candles—so named as having little affinity—for an alkali—alsoPar′affine.—v.t.to coat or impregnate with paraffin.—ns.Par′affin-oil, any of the mineral burning oils associated with the manufacture of paraffin;Par′affin-scale, unrefined paraffin. [Fr.,—L.parum, little,affinis, allied.]
Paraffle, pa-raf′l,n.(Scot.) any pretentious display.
Paragastric, par-a-gas′trik,adj.lying alongside the gastric cavity: pertaining to the paragaster or the cavity of the sac of a sponge.
Parage, par′āj,n.equality in law: a woman's portion at marriage. [Par.]
Paragenesis, par-a-jen′e-sis,n.hybridism.—adjs.Paragenet′ic;Paragen′ic, originating with the germ or at the genesis of an individual. [Gr.para, beside,genesis, birth.]
Parageusia, par-a-gū′si-a,n.perverted sense of taste—alsoParageu′sis.—adj.Parageu′sic. [Gr.para, beside,geusis, taste.]
Paraglenal, par-a-glē′nal,n.the coracoid of a fish—alsoadj.[Gr.para, beside,glēnē, a socket.]
Paraglobulin, par-a-glob′ū-lin,n.a globulin found in blood-serum, fibrino-plastin.—AlsoParaglō′bin.
Paraglossa, par-a-glos′a,n.one of the two appendages of the ligula in insects.—adjs.Paragloss′al;Paragloss′ate, provided with paraglossæ. [Gr.para, beside,glōssa, the tongue.]
Paragnathous, par-ag′nā-thus,adj.having both mandibles of equal length.—n.Parag′nāthism. [Gr.para, beside,gnathos, the jaw.]
Paragoge, par-a-gō′jē,n.the addition of a letter or a syllable to the end of a word, asamidstforamid,genericalforgeneric—also calledepithesisandecstasis, as opposed toprosthesisandapocope.—adjs.Paragog′ic,-al, forming a paragoge: relating to, or of the nature of, paragoge: added on: additional.—Paragogic future, the cohortative tense in Hebrew grammar—a lengthened form of the imperfect or future tense, usually confined to the first person, giving the sense of 'let me' or 'let us.' [L.,—Gr. frompara, beyond,agein, to lead.]
Paragon, par′a-gon,n.a pattern or model with which comparisons are made: (Spens.) a companion or a rival: something supremely excellent: a size of printing-type intermediate between great-primer and double pica, equal to 20 points in the newer system.—v.t.to compare: to bring into comparison with: (Shak.) to surpass. [O. Fr., from Sp. compound prep.para con, in comparison with—L.pro, for,ad, to,con=cum, with.]
Paragram, par′a-gram,n.a play upon words: a pun.—n.Paragram′matist, a punster. [Gr.para, beside,gramma, something written,graphein, to write.]
Paragraph, par′a-graf,n.a distinct part of a discourse or writing marked by ¶, or by being begun on a new line, at more than the usual distance from the margin: a short passage, or a collection of sentences with unity of purpose.—v.t.to form into paragraphs.—ns.Par′agrapher,Par′agraphist, one who writes in paragraphs, esp. for newspapers.—adjs.Paragraph′ic,-al.—adv.Paragraph′ically. [The mark ¶ is the reversed initial of this word, which is, through Fr. and Low L., from Gr.paragraphos—para, beside,graphein, to write.]
Paraheliotropism, par-a-hē-li-ot′rō-pizm,n.the diurnal sleep of plants.—adj.Paraheliotrop′ic. [Gr.para, beside,hēlios, the sun,trepein, to turn.]
Parakeet. SeeParoquet.
Paraleipsis, par-a-līp′sis,n.(rhet.) a figure by which one fixes attention on a subject by pretending to neglect it, as, 'I will not speak of his generosity, his gentleness of disposition, or his reverence for sacred things.' [Gr., fromparaleipein, to leave on one side—para, beside,leipein, to leave.]
Paralipomena, par-a-li-pom′e-na,n.pl.things passed over, but given in a supplement, specially the name given in the Septuagint to the First and Second Books of Chronicles, a recapitulation of Second Samuel and the Books of Kings. [Late L.,—Gr.paraleipomena—paraleipein, to pass over.]
Parallax, par′a-laks,n.an apparent change in the position of an object caused by change of position in the observer: (astron.) the difference between the apparent and real place of a star or other celestial object.—adjs.Parallac′tic,-al. [Gr.parallaxis—para, beside,allassein, to change—allos, another.]
Parallel, par′al-lel,adj.side by side: (geom.) extended in the same direction and equi-distant in all parts: with the same direction or tendency: running in accordance with: resembling in all essential points: like or similar.—n.a line equi-distant from another at all points: a line drawn across a map or round a globe at right angles to the axis, marking latitude: likeness: a comparison: counterpart: (pl.) trenches, dug parallel to the outline of a besieged fortress to protect the besiegers (mil.).—v.t.to place so as to be parallel: to correspond, or to make to correspond, to:—pr.p.par′allelingorpar′allelling;pa.p.par′alleledorpar′allelled.—n.Par′allelism, state of being parallel: resemblance: comparison: likeness of form or meaning, as of two statements, clauses, or verses.—adj.Parallelis′tic, of the nature of, or involving, parallelism.—adv.Par′allelly.—Parallel bars, a pair of bars securely fixed, 4 to 6 feet above the ground, and about 1½ feet apart, used in gymnastics to strengthen the arms;Parallel forces, forces which act in parallel lines, having a single resultant, readily found by the method of moments;Parallel motion, a name given to any linkage by which circular motion may be changed into straight-line motion;Parallel rulers, a mathematical instrument for drawing parallel lines. [Fr.,—L.parallelus—Gr.parallēlos—para, beside,allēlōn, of one another—allos, another.]
Parallelepiped, par-al-lel-e-pī′ped,n.a regular solid, the opposite sides and ends of which form three pairs of equal parallelograms.—AlsoParallelepī′pedon, improperlyParallelopī′ped,Parallelopī′pedon. [L.,—Gr.parallēlepipedon—parallēlos,epipedon, a plane surface—epi, on,pedon, the ground.]
Parallelogram, par-al-lel′ō-gram,n.a plane four-sided figure, the opposite sides of which are parallel and equal.—adjs.Parallelogrammat′ic,-al,Parallelogram′mic,-al. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr.parallēlos, side by side,gramma, a line—graphein, to write.]
Paralogism, par-al′ō-jizm,n.reasoning beside the point: a conclusion not following from the premises—alsoParal′ogy.—v.i.Paral′ogise, to reason falsely. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr.paralogismos—para, beside,logismos—logos, discourse.]
Paralyse, par′a-līz,v.t.to strike with paralysis or palsy: to make useless: to deaden the action of: to exhaust.—n.Paral′ysis, a loss of the power of motion, sensation, or function in any part of the body: palsy: loss of energy: state of being crippled.—adj.Paralyt′ic, of or pertaining to paralysis: afflicted with or inclined to paralysis.—n.one who is affected with paralysis.—General paralysis, dementia paralytica. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr.paralyein,paralysein—para, beside,lyein, loosen.]
Paramagnetic, par-a-mag-net′ik,adj.See underDiamagnetic.
Paramastoid, par-a-mas′toid,adj.situated near the mastoid, paroccipital.—n.a paramastoid process.
Paramatta, par-a-mat′a,n.a fabric like merino made of worsted and cotton. [FromParamattain New South Wales.]
Paramecium, par-a-mē′si-um,n.an infusorian in pond water or vegetable infusions—alsoSlipper Animalcule:—pl.Paramē′cia. [Gr.paramēkēs, long-shaped,para, beside,mēkos, length.]
Paramenia, par-a-mē′ni-a,n.pl.disordered menstruation. [Gr.para, beside,mēn, a month.]
Paramere, par′a-mēr,n.(biol.) a radiated part or organ: either half of a bi-laterally symmetrical animal—usuallyAntimere.—adj.Paramer′ic. [Gr.para, beside,meros, a part.]
Parameter, par-am′ē-tėr,n.(geom.) the constant quantity which enters into the equation of a curve: in conic sections, a third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate diameter. [Gr.para, beside,metron, measure.]
Paramnesia, par-am-nē′si-a,n.false memory. [Gr.para, beside,mim-nēskein, to remind.]
Paramo, par′a-mō,n.a bare wind-swept elevated plain. [Sp.]
Paramorph, par′a-morf,n.(min.) a pseudomorph formed by a change in molecular structure without change of chemical composition.—adjs.Paramorph′ic,Paramorph′ous.—ns.Paramorph′ism,Paramorphō′sis. [Gr.para, beside,morphē, form.]
Paramount, par′a-mownt,adj.superior to all others: chief: of the highest order or importance—opp. toParavail.—n.the chief: a superior.—adv.Par′amountly. [O. Fr.par amont,par—L. prep.per; cf.Amount.]
Paramour, par′a-mōōr,n.a lover of either sex, now usually in the illicit sense. [Fr.par amour, by or with love—L.per amorem.]
Paranema, par-a-nē′ma,n.(bot.) paraphysis.—adj.Paranemat′ic. [Gr.para, about,nēma, a thread.]
Parang, par′ang,n.a heavy Malay knife. [Malay.]
Parangon, pa-rang′gon,n.a jeweller's term for a gem of remarkable excellence. [Fr.]
Paranœa, par-a-nē′a,n.chronic mental derangement—alsoParanoi′a.—ns.Paranœ′ac,Paranoi′ac.—adj.Paranœ′ic. [Gr.para, beside,noein, to think.]
Paranthelion, par-an-thē′li-on,n.a diffuse whitish image of the sun, having the same altitude, at an angular distance of about 120°—due to reflection from atmospheric ice-prisms. [Gr.para, beside,anti, against,hēlios, the sun.]
Paranucleus, par-a-nū′klē-us,n.(biol.) an accessory nucleus in some protozoans.—adjs.Paranū′clear,Paranū′cleate.—n.Paranūclē′olus, a mass of substance extruded from the nucleus, in pollen and spore mother-cells before division.
Paranymph, par′a-nimf,n.a friend of the bridegroom who escorted the bride on the way to her marriage: a bride's-man: one who countenances and supports another. [Gr.para, beside,nymphē, a bride.]
Parapeptone, par-a-pep′tōn,n.a proteid compound formed in gastric digestion, acid albumen.
Parapet, par′a-pet,n.a rampart breast-high, to protect soldiers on a wall from the fire of an enemy: a breast-high wall on a bridge, house-roof, a platform, &c., to prevent persons from falling over.—adj.Par′apeted, having a parapet. [Fr.,—It.parapetto—It.parare, to adorn—L.parāre, to prepare, It.petto—L.pectus, the breast.]
Paraph, par′af,n.a mark or flourish under one's signature.—v.t.to append a paraph to, to sign with initials. [Paragraph.]
Paraphasia, par-a-fā′zi-a,n.a form of aphasia in which one word is substituted for another.
Paraphernalia, par-a-fėr-nāl′i-a,n.pl.ornaments of dress of any kind: trappings: that which a bride brings over and above her dowry: the clothes, jewels, &c. which a wife possesses beyond her dowry in her own right. [Late L.parapherna—Gr., frompara, beyond,phernē, a dowry—pherein, to bring.]
Paraphimosis, par-a-fī-mō′sis,n.strangulation of the glans penis by constriction of the prepuce.
Paraphonia, par-a-fō′ni-a,n.in Byzantine music, a melodic progression by consonances (fourths and fifths): an abnormal condition of the voice: an alteration of the voice, as at puberty. [Gr.para, beside,phōnē, the voice.]
Paraphragm, par′a-fram,n.a kind of lateral diaphragm in Crustacea.—adj.Paraphrag′mal. [Gr.para, beside,phrassein, to fence.]
Paraphrase, par′a-frāz,n.a saying of the same thing in other words, often more fully and more clearly: an explanation of a passage: a loose or free translation: (Scot.) one of a certain number of Scripture passages turned into verse for use in the service of praise.—v.t.to say the same thing in other words: to render more fully: to interpret or translate freely.—v.i.to make a paraphrase.—n.Par′aphrast, one who paraphrases.—adjs.Paraphrast′ic,-al, of the nature of a paraphrase: more clear and ample than the original passage: free, loose, diffuse.—adv.Paraphrast′ically.—Paraphrastic conjugation, one composed of the verbsum(am) with participial forms of the verbs conjugated (amaturus sum, &c.). [Fr.,—L.,—Gr.paraphrasis—para, beside,phrasis, a speaking—phrazein, to speak.]
Paraphyllum, par-a-fil′um,n.(bot.) a small foliaceous organ between the leaves of some mosses. [Gr.para, beside,phyllon, a leaf.]
Paraphysis, pa-raf′i-sis,n.an erect sterile filament accompanying the sexual organs of some cryptogamous plants:—pl.Paraph′ysēs.
Paraplegia, par-a-plē′ji-a,n.a form of spinal paralysis in which voluntary motion and sensation are interrupted below the level of the affected part of the spinal cord, while reflex movements may be preserved and certain forms even increased.—adjs.Paraplec′tic,Paraplē′gic. [Gr.para, beside,plēssein, to strike.]
Parapleurum, par-a-plōō′rum,n.one of the pleura or sternal side-pieces in a beetle, &c.—AlsoParapleu′ron. [Gr.para, beside,pleuron, side.]
Parapodium, par-a-pō′di-um,n.one of the jointless lateral appendages of an annelid:—pl.Parapō′dia. [Gr.para, beside,pous,podos, a foot.]
Parapophysis, par-a-pof′i-sis,n.the inferior or anterior process on the side of a vertebra—the superior or posterior one being adiapophysis.—adj.Parapophys′ial. [Gr.para, beside,apophysis, an offshoot.]
Parapsis, pa-rap′sis,n.(entom.) one of the two lateral parts of the mesoscutum of the thorax.—adj.Parap′sidal. [Gr.para, beside,hapsis, a loop.]
Parapsis, pa-rap′sis,n.a disordered sense of touch.—AlsoParā′phia. [Gr.para, beside,hapsis, a touching.]
Parapterum, pa-rap′te-rum,n.(entom.) the third sclerite of each pleuron, or lateral segment of each thoracic somite—the first and second, theepisternum, and theepimeron: in birds, the scapular and adjoining feathers of the wing.—adj.Parap′teral. [Gr.para, beside,pteron, a wing.]
Paraquito, par-a-kē′to,n.Same asParoquet,Parrakeet.
Pararctalia, par-ark-tā′li-a,n.the northern temperate realm of the waters of the globe.—adj.Pararctā′lian.
Pararthria, pa-rär′thri-ä,n.disordered articulation of speech. [Gr.para, beside,arthron, a joint.]
Parasang, par′a-sang,n.a Persian measure of length, containing 30 stadia, equal to about 3¾ miles. [Gr.parasangēs—Pers.farsang.]
Parascenium, par-a-sē′ni-um,n.in the Greek theatre, one of the wings on either side of the proscenium:—pl.Parascē′nia. [Gr.]
Parasceve, par′a-sēv,n.the eve before the Jewish Sabbath when the preparations are made: sometimes applied to Good-Friday: (obs.) preparation.—adj.Parascenas′tic. [Gr.paraskeuē, preparation—para, beside,skeuē, equipment.]
Paraschematic, par-a-skē-mat′ik,adj.imitative. [Gr.para, beside,schēma, a scheme.]
Paraselene, par-a-se-lē′nē,n.a mock moon, seen in connection with a lunar rainbow (cf.Parahelion):—pl.Paraselē′næ.—adj.Paraselen′ic. [Gr.para, beside,selēnē, the moon.]
Parasite, par′a-sīt,n.one who frequents another's table: a hanger-on: a sycophant: (bot.) a plant growing upon and nourished by the juices of another: (zool.) an animal which lives on another—its host.—adjs.Parasit′ic,-al, like a parasite: fawning: acting as a sycophant: living on other plants or animals.—adv.Parasit′ically.—ns.Parasit′icalness;Parasit′icide, that which destroys parasites;Par′asitism;Parasitol′ogist;Parasitol′ogy. [Fr.,—L.parasītus—Gr.parasitos—para, beside,sitos, corn.]
Parasol, par′a-sol,n.a small umbrella used by women as a shade from the sun.—v.t.to shelter from the sun. [Fr.,—It.parasole—parare, to keep off—L.parāre, to prepare,sol,solis, the sun.]
Parasphenoid, par-a-sfē′noid,n.a bone which in some Vertebrata underlies the base of the skull from the basi-occipital to the presphenoidal region.—adj.lying under or alongside the sphenoid.
Parasynthesis, par-a-sin′the-sis,n.the principle of forming words by a combined process of derivation and composition with a particle.—adj.Parasynthet′ic.—n.Parasyn′theton, a word so formed:—pl.Parasyn′theta.
Parataxis, par-a-tak′sis,n.(gram.) the arrangement of clauses or propositions without connectives. [Gr.]
Parathesis, pa-rath′e-sis,n.(gram.) apposition: (philol.) the setting side by side of things of equivalent grade in the monosyllabic or isolating languages: (rhet.) a parenthetic notice of something to be afterwards explained: in the Eastern Church, a prayer of the bishop over converts or catechumens. [Gr.]
Paratonic, par-a-ton′ik,adj.retarding a plant's growth. [Gr.para, beside,teinein, to stretch.]
Paravail, par′a-vāl,adj.inferior: lowest, said of a feudal tenant: of least account—opp. toParamount. [O. Fr.par aval, below—L.per, through,ad, to,vallem, a valley.]
Paravant,Paravaunt, par′a-vänt,adv.(Spens.) in front, first, beforehand. [O. Fr.paravant—par, through,avant, before—L.ab, from,ante, before.]
Parbake, pär′bāk,v.t.to bake partially. [Formed on analogy ofparboil.]
Parboil, pär′boil,v.t.to boil slightly or in part—as if frompartandboil.
Parbreak, pär′brāk,v.t.orv.i.(Spens.) to throw out, to vomit.—n.(Spens.) vomit. [Fr.par—L.per, through, andbreak.]