Progymnasium, prō-jim-nā′zi-um,n.in Germany, a classical school in which the higher classes are wanting: a school preparatory to a gymnasium.
Prohibit, prō-hib′it,v.t.to hinder: to check or repress: to prevent: to forbid: to interdict by authority.—ns.Prohib′iter;Prohibi′tion, the act of prohibiting, forbidding, or interdicting: an interdict: the forbidding by law of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks;Prohib′itionism;Prohibi′tionist, one who favours prohibitory duties in commerce: one who advocates the forbidding by law of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks.—adj.Prohib′itive.—adv.Prohib′itively.—adj.Prohib′itory, that prohibits or forbids: forbidding.—Prohibited degrees(seeForbidden degrees, underDegree).—Writ of prohibition(law), a writ from a superior tribunal staying proceedings in a lower court: (Scots law) a clause in a deed of entail forbidding the heir to sell the estate, contract debt, &c. [L.prohibēre,prohibitum—pro, before,habēre, to have.]
Proin, proin,v.t.an obsolete form ofprune.
Pro indiviso, prō in-di-vī′so, (law) applied to rights which two or more persons hold in common.
Project, prōj′ekt,n.a plan: a scheme: contrivance. [O. Fr.project(Fr.projet)—L.projectum—pro, before,jacĕre, to throw.]
Project, prō-jekt′,v.t.to throw out or forward: to cast forward in the mind: to contrive or devise: to exhibit (as in a mirror): to draw straight lines from a fixed point through every point of any body or figure, and let these fall upon a surface so as to form the points of a new figure: to exhibit in relief.—v.i.to shoot forward: to jut out: to be prominent.—adj.Projec′tile, projecting or throwing forward: impelling or impelled forward: that can be thrust forward.—n.a body projected by force, esp. through the air: a cannon or rifle ball.—adj.Projec′ting.—n.Projec′tion, the act of projecting: that which juts out: a plan or design: a delineation: a representation of any object on a plane, esp. (geom.) the earth's surface: (alch.) the act of throwing anything into a crucible, hence the act or result of transmutation of metals: the crisis of any process, esp. a culinary process.—adj.Projec′tive, produced by projection: (geom.) capable, as two plane figures, of being derived from one another by a number of projections and sections.—ns.Projectiv′ity;Project′ment(rare), design;Projec′tor, one who projects or forms schemes: a parabolic mirror: a camera for throwing an image on a screen;Projec′ture, a jutting out beyond the main line or surface.—Mercator's projection, a map of the world with meridian lines which are straight and parallel, and with parallels of latitude at distances from each other, increasing towards the poles, invented by the Flemish cosmographer,Mercator, in 1550.
Proker, prō′ker,n.(prov.) a poker.
Prolapse, prō-laps′,n.(med.) a falling down, or out, of some part of the body from the position which it usually occupies—alsoProlap′sus.—v.i.to fall down: to protrude. [L.prolabi,prolapsus, to fall forward—pro, forward,labi, to fall.]
Prolate, prō′lāt,adj.extended lengthwise: having the diameter between the poles longer than at right angles to it, as a spheroid.—ns.Prolāte′ness,Prolā′tion, a bringing forth: pronunciation: delay: (mus.) a division. [L.prolatus, pa.p. ofproferre, to bring forward—pro, forth,ferre, to bear.]
Proleg, prō′leg,n.one of the abdominal limbs of the larvæ of insects.
Prolegomena, prō-leg-om′en-a,n.pl.an introduction to a treatise:—sing.Prolegom′enon.—adjs.Prolegom′enary,Prolegom′enous, prefatory: prolix. [Gr.,—pro, before,legein, to say.]
Prolepsis, prō-lep′sis,n.(rhet.) a figure by which objections are anticipated and answered: the dating of an event before its proper time:—pl.Prolep′sēs.—adjs.Prolep′tic,-al.—adv.Prolep′tically. [Gr.,—pro, before,lambanein, to take.]
Proletarian, prō-le-tā′ri-an,adj.belonging to the poorest labouring class: having little or no property: plebeian: vulgar.—n.a member of the poorest class—alsoProletaire′,Prō′letary.—adj.Proletā′neous, having numerous offspring.—ns.Proletā′rianism, the condition of the poorest classes;Proletā′riat,-e, the lowest class. [L.proletarius(in ancient Rome), a citizen of the sixth and lowest class, who served the state not with his property, but with his children—proles, offspring.]
Prolicide, prō′li-sīd,n.infanticide.
Proliferate, prō-lif′e-rāt,v.i.to grow by multiplication of elementary parts: (zool.) to reproduce by proliferation.—v.t.to bear by reproduction.—n.Proliferā′tion, the birth and growth of generative zoöids.—adjs.Prolif′erātive,Prolif′erous.—adv.Prolif′erously. [L.proles, progeny,ferre, to bear.]
Prolific,-al, prō-lif′ik, -al,adj.bringing forth offspring: producing young or fruit: productive: bringing about results: (bot.) applied to a flower from which another is produced.—ns.Prolif′icacy,Prolif′icness.—adv.Prolif′ically.—n.Prolificā′tion, the generation of young animals or plants: (bot.) development of a shoot from an organ normally ultimate. [Fr.prolifique—L.proles(forpro-oles), offspring,facĕre, to make.]
Prolix, prō′liks,adj.tedious: long and wordy: dwelling too long on particulars: (obs.) long.—adj.Prolix′ious(Shak.), dilatory, tedious.—ns.Prolix′ity,Prolix′ness.—adv.Prolix′ly. [Fr.prolixe—L.prolixus—pro, forward,liqui, to flow.]
Proll, prōl,v.i.(Spens.) to prowl, rob. [Prowl.]
Prolocutor, prō-lok′ū-tor,n.the chairman of a convocation, or meeting of clergy: (rare) a spokesman:—fem.Prōloc′utrix.—n.Prōloc′utorship. [L.,pro, before,loqui,locutus, to speak.]
Prologue, prō′log,n.a preface: the introductory verses before a play: (Shak.) the speaker of a prologue.—v.t.to introduce with a prologue or preface.—v.i.Prō′logise,-uise, to deliver a prologue. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr.prologos—pro, before,logos, speech.]
Prolong, prō-long′,v.t.to lengthen out: (Shak.) to put off to another time: to continue.—v.i.to lengthen out.—v.t.Prolong′āte, to lengthen.—ns.Prolongā′tion, act of prolonging in space or time: the additional length made by prolonging;Prolong′er. [Fr.prolonger—L.prolongāre—pro, forward,longus, long.]
Prolonge, prō-lonj′,n.a hemp rope consisting of three pieces joined by two open rings, and having a hook at one end and a toggle at the other. [Fr.]
Prolusion, prō-lū′zhun,n.a prelude, introduction: an essay preparatory to a more solid treatise. [L.,—pro, before,ludĕre,lusum, to play.]
Promachos, prom′a-kos,n.a deity who fights in front of, or champions, some person or state. [Gr.]
Promenade, prom-e-näd′, or -nād′,n.a walk for pleasure, show, or exercise: a place for walking.—v.i.to walk for amusement, show, or exercise.—n.Promenä′der.—Promenade concert, an entertainment in which the audience promenades or dances during the music. [Fr.,—from (se)promener, to walk—L.promināre, to drive forwards—pro, forward,mināre, to drive.]
Promethean, prō-mē′thē-an,adj.pertaining toPrometheus, who stole fire from heaven, for which Zeus chained him to a rock, to be tortured by a vulture.—n.a glass tube containing sulphuric acid and an inflammable mixture: a kind of lucifer-match.—n.Promē′theus, a large silk-spinning moth. [Gr., lit. 'forethinker;' or Sans.pramantha, a fire-stick.]
Prominent, prom′i-nent,adj.standing out beyond the line or surface of something: projecting: most easily seen: conspicuous: principal: eminent: distinguished.—ns.Prom′inence,Prom′inency, state or quality of being prominent: conspicuousness: distinction.—adv.Prom′inently. [Fr.,—L.prominēre, to jut forth—pro, forth,minēre, to jut.]
Promiscuous, prō-mis′kū-us,adj.mixed: confused: collected together without order: indiscriminate: not restricted to one individual: (prov.) casual, accidental.—n.Promiscū′ity, mixture without order or distinction: promiscuous sexual intercourse.—adv.Promis′cuously.—n.Promis′cuousness. [L.promiscuus—pro, inten.,miscēre, to mix.]
Promise, prom′is,n.an engagement made by a person either verbally or in writing to do or keep from doing something: expectation or that which causes expectation: a ground for hope of future excellence: (rare) fulfilment of what is promised.—v.t.to make an engagement to do or not to do something: to afford reason to expect: to assure: to engage to bestow.—v.i.to assure one by a promise: to afford hopes or expectations: (rare) to stand sponsor.—ns.Prom′ise-breach(Shak.), violation of promise;Prom′ise-break′er(Shak.), a violator of promises.—adj.Prom′ise-crammed(Shak.), crammed or filled with promises.—ns.Promisēē′, the person to whom a promise is made;Prom′iser,Prom′isor.—adj.Prom′ising, affording ground for hope or expectation: likely to turn out well.—advs.Prom′isingly;Prom′issorily.—adj.Prom′issory, containing a promise of some engagement to be fulfilled.—n.Prom′issory-note, a note by one person promising to pay a sum of money to another, or to bearer, at a certain date, or at sight, or on demand.—Promised land, the land promised by God to Abraham and his seed: Canaan: heaven.—Be promised(rare), to have an engagement;Breach of promise(seeBreach);Conditional promise, a promise of which the obligation depends on certain conditions—opp. toAbsolute promise;Express promise, a promise expressed orally or in writing;The Promise, the assurance of God to Abraham that his descendants should become the chosen people. [Fr.promesse—L.promissa,promittĕre, to send forward—pro, forward,mittĕre, to send.]
Promontory, prom′on-tor-i,n.a headland or high cape jutting out into the sea: (anat.) a projection on the sacrum: a rounded elevation in the tympanum of the ear. [L.promontorium—pro, forward,mons,montis, a mountain.]
Promote, prō-mōt′,v.t.to move forward: to help on the growth or improvement of anything: to advance: to further: to encourage: to raise to a higher position: to elevate.—ns.Promō′ter;Promō′tion, the act of promoting: advancement in rank or in honour: encouragement: preferment.—adj.Promō′tive.—Be on one's promotion, to have right or hope of promotion: to be on good behaviour with a view to chances of promotion. [L.promotus, pa.p. ofpromovēre—pro, forward,movēre, to move.]
Prompt, promt,adj.prepared: ready and willing: acting with alacrity: cheerful: unhesitating: (obs.) inclined, disposed.—v.t.to incite: to move to action: to assist a speaker when at a loss for words: to suggest to the mind.—n.a limit of time given for payment for merchandise purchased, the limit being stated on theprompt-note, the note of reminder.—ns.Prompt′-book, a copy of a play arranged for the prompter's use;Prompt′er;Prompt′ing, the act of prompting or suggesting: that which is prompted or suggested;Prompt′itūde, promptness: readiness: willingness: quickness of decision and action.—adv.Prompt′ly.—ns.Prompt′ness;Prompt′ūary, a magazine, repository, a handbook;Prompt′ūre(Shak.), suggestion: instigation. [Fr.,—L.promptus—prōmĕre, to bring forward—pro, forth,emĕre, to bring.]
Promulgate, prō-mul′gāt,v.t.to publish: to proclaim: to make widely known—(arch.)Promulge′.—ns.Promulgā′tion, act of promulgating: publication: open declaration: (law) the first official publication of a new law;Prom′ulgātor. [L.promulgāre,-ātum.]
Promuscis, prō-mus′is,n.a proboscis, esp. of hemipters.—adj.Promus′cidāte, like or having a promuscis.
Pronaos, prō-nā′os,n.the open porch in front of a temple. [Gr.,pro, before,naos, a temple.]
Pronation, prō-nā′shun,n.the act of turning the palm of the hand downwards—opp. toSupination.—v.t.Prō′nate, to turn the palm downwards effected by means of the pronator muscle.—n.Pronā′tor, a muscle of the forearm by which pronation is effected. [L.pronāre,-ātum, to lead forward—pronus.]
Prone, prōn,adj.with the face downward: bending forward: headlong: disposed: inclined or sloping.—adv.Prone′ly.—n.Prone′ness. [O. Fr.,—L.pronus; cog. with Gr.prēnēs, prone.]
Prong, prong,n.the spike of a fork or similar instrument: one of several points or projections, as on an antler.—v.t.to stab with a prong.—adj.Pronged, having prongs.—n.Prong′-hoe.—adj.Prong′-horn, having horns with a prong.—n.the prong-buck or cabrit, the American antelope. [Nasalised form of Prov. Eng.prog, to prick—W.procio; cf. Gael.brog, to goad,brog, an awl.]
Pronominal. SeePronoun.
Prononcé, prō-nong-sā′,adj.decided: self-asserting:—fem.Prononcée. [Fr.; cf.Pronounce.]
Pronotum, prō-nō′tum,n.the tergal portion of the prothorax in the Insecta:—pl.Pronō′ta.—adj.Pronō′tal. [Gr.pro, before,nōtos, back.]
Pronoun, prō′nown,n.a word used instead of a noun.—adj.Pronom′inal, belonging to, or of the nature of, a pronoun.—adv.Pronom′inally.
Pronounce, prō-nowns′,v.t.to make known by speaking: to utter with the proper sound and accent: to speak distinctly: to utter formally: to utter rhetorically: to declare.—v.i.to utter confidently: to utter words.—adjs.Pronounce′able, capable of being pronounced;Pronounced′, marked with emphasis: marked.—adv.Pronoun′cedly.—ns.Pronounce′ment, act of pronouncing: an announcement or proclamation;Pronoun′cer.—adjs.Pronoun′cing,Pronun′cial, giving or marking pronunciation.—n.Pronunciā′tion, act or mode of pronouncing: art of speaking distinctly and correctly: utterance. [Fr.prononcer—L.pronuntiāre—pro, forth,nunciāre, to announce—nuntius, a messenger.]
Pronunciamento, prō-nun-si-a-men′to,n.a manifesto: a formal proclamation. [Sp.]
Proœmium, prō-ē′mi-um,n.same asProem—alsoPrœ′mion: (rhet.) exordium.—adj.Proœ′mise.
Proof, prōōf,n.that which proves or establishes the truth of anything: test: (obs.) experience: experiment: any process to discover or establish a truth: that which convinces: demonstration: evidence which convinces the mind: state of having been proved: (pl.) in equity practice, the instruments of evidence in their documentary form: (Scots law) the taking of evidence by a judge upon an issue framed in pleading: a test, hence 'Armour of proof,' armour proved to be trustworthy: (arith.) an operation checking the accuracy of a calculation: firmness of mind: a certain strength of alcoholic spirits: (print.) an impression taken for correction, also 'proof-sheet:' an early impression of an engraving—'proof before letter'=one taken before the title is engraved on the plate: (phot.) the first print from a negative.—adj.firm in resisting: noting alcoholic liquors having the specific gravity 0.920:—pl.Proofs.—ns.Proof′-arm′our, armour proved to be able to resist ordinary weapons;Proof′-charge, an extraordinary amount of powder and shot put into a gun to test its strength;Proof′-house, a house fitted up for proving the barrels of firearms;Proof′-leaf(same asProof-sheet).—adj.Proof′less, wanting proof or evidence.—ns.Proof′-mark, a mark stamped on a gun to show that it has stood the test;Proof′-read′er, a person who reads printed proofs to discover and correct errors;Proof′-sheet, an impression taken on a slip of paper for correction before printing finally;Proof′-spir′it, a mixture containing fixed proportions of alcohol and water—nearly half its weight and fully half its volume of alcohol;Proof′-text, a passage of Scripture held to prove a certain doctrine.—Artist's proof, a first impression from an engraved plate or block;Burden of proof(seeBurden);India proof(seeIndian). [O. Fr.prove(Fr.preuve)—L.probāre, to prove.]
Proostracum, prō-os′tra-kum,n.the forward continuation of the guard or rostrum in the Belemnites. [Gr.pro, before,ostrakon, shell.]
Prootic, prō-ot′ik,n.a bone developed in some vertebrata in front of the ear—alsoadj.[Gr.pro, before,ous,ōtos, ear.]
Prop, prop,n.anything on which a weight rests for support: a support: a stay.—v.t.to keep from falling by means of something placed under or against: to support or to sustain in any way:—pr.p.prop′ping;pa.t. andpa.p.propped.—n.Prop′page. [Allied to Sw.propp, Ger.propf, a stopper; some connect also with Ger.pfropf, a graft—L.propago, a set, layer.]
Propædeutic,-al, prō-pē-dū′tik, -al,adj.pertaining to preliminary instruction.—n.Propædeū′tic, a preliminary branch of knowledge: (pl.) the introduction to an art or science. [Gr.pro, before,paideuein, to teach.]
Propagate, prop′a-gāt,v.t.to increase by generation or other natural process: to multiply plants by layers: to extend: to produce: to impel forward in space, as sound, light, energy, &c.: to spread from one to another: to promote: to extend the knowledge of: (obs.) to increase.—v.i.to be produced or multiplied: to have young.—adj.Prop′agable, that can be propagated or increased by generation or other natural process.—ns.Propagan′da,Prop′agand, a committee (congregatio de propaganda fide) at Rome charged with the management of the R.C. missions: any association for the spread of opinions and principles, esp. such as are opposed to the existing government;Propagand′ism, practice of propagating tenets or principles: zeal in spreading one's opinions: proselytism;Propagand′ist, one who devotes himself to propagandism;Propagā′tion, act of propagating: the spreading or extension of anything, as light, sound, energy, &c.: increase: enlargement.—adj.Prop′agātive.—ns.Prop′agātor;Propagatō′rium(biol.), the reproductive apparatus.—adj.Prop′agātory.—ns.Propā′go, a layer or branch laid down to root;Propag′ūlum, a runner or sucker ending in an expanded bud: a gemma or bud affecting asexual propagation in many algæ. [L.propāgāre,-ātum, conn. withpro-pāg-o, a layer.]
Propale, prō-pāl′,v.t.to disclose.
Propalinal, prō-pal′i-nal,adj.moving backward and forward, as the under jaw in mastication. [L.pro, forward, Gr.palin, backward.]
Proparoxytone, prō-par-ok′si-tōn,adj.having the acute accent on the antepenultimate or third last syllable.—n.a word having the acute accent on the antepenultimate.
Propel, prō-pel′,v.t.to drive forward: to urge onward by force:—pr.p.propel′ling;pa.t.andpa.p.propelled′.—n.Propel′lant, that which drives forward.—adj.Propel′lent.—ns.Propel′ler, one who, or that which, propels: any kind of mechanism for moving a ship through the water, by a paddle-wheel, oar, screw, &c.: a vessel thus propelled: a spinning-bait;Propel′ment, act of propelling: propelling mechanism. [L.pro, forward,pellĕre, to drive.]
Propend, prō-pend′,v.i.(Shak.) to lean toward: to be in favour of anything.—adj.Propend′ent. [L.propendēre—pro, forward,pendēre,pensum, to hang.]
Propense. prō-pens′,adj.leaning towards in a moral sense: inclined: disposed.—adv.Propense′ly.—ns.Propense′ness,Propens′ity, inclination of mind: tendency to good or evil: disposition;Propen′sion, tendency to move in a certain direction.—adj.Propen′sive. [L.propensus, hanging forward.]
Proper, prop′ėr,adj.one's own: fitted for a person's nature or qualities: peculiar: belonging to only one of a species (as a name): natural: suitable: correct: just: right: becoming: (B.) comely, pretty: in liturgics, used only on a particular day or festival.—n.something set apart for a special use.—adv.(coll.) very, exceedingly.—adv.Prop′erly, in a proper manner: (coll.) entirely, extremely.—n.Prop′erness.—Properly speaking, in the strict sense: speaking without qualification. [Fr.propre—L.proprius, one's own, akin toprope, near.]
Properispomenon, prō-per-i-spōm′e-non,n.a word with the circumflex accent on the penult. [Gr.,—pro, before,peri, round,spān, to draw.]
Property, prop′ėr-ti,n.that which is proper to any person or thing: a quality which is always present: any quality: that which is one's own: an estate: right of possessing, employing, &c.: ownership: (Shak.) individuality: (pl.) articles required by actors in a play.—v.t.(Shak.) to invest with certain properties: to make a tool of, appropriate.—adj.Prop′ertied, possessed of property or possessions.—ns.Prop′erty-man,-mas′ter, one who has charge of the stage properties in a theatre;Prop′erty-room, the room in which the stage properties of a theatre are kept;Prop′erty-tax, a tax paid by persons possessed of property, at the rate of so much per cent. on its value.—MovableorPersonal property, property that may attend the person of the owner, movables;Private property, that which belongs to an individual for his personal disposition and use—opp. toPublic property;Real property, lands, tenements, and hereditaments, real estate;Qualified property, the right a man has in reclaimed wild animals—also calledSpecial property: such right as a bailee has in the chattel transferred to him by the bailment. [O. Fr.properte—a doublet ofpropriety.]
Prophasis, prof′a-sis,n.prognosis. [Gr.]
Prophecy, prof′e-si,n.a prediction: public interpretation of Scripture: instruction: (B.) a book of prophecies. [O. Fr.prophecie—L.prophetīa—Gr.prophēteia—prophētēs.]
Prophesy, prof′e-sī,v.t.to foretell: to predict.—v.i.(B.) to exhort: to expound religious subjects.—pa.t.andpa.p.proph′esīed.—ns.Proph′esīer;Proph′esying. [shas been arbitrarily substituted forc, to distinguish the verb from the noun.]
Prophet, prof′et,n.one who proclaims or interprets the will of God: one who announces things to come: one who predicts or foretells events: (B.) one inspired by God to warn and teach: (pl.) the writings of the prophets.—n.fem.Proph′etess.—ns.Proph′ethood,Proph′etship, quality, office of a prophet.—adjs.Prophet′ic,-al, pertaining to a prophet: containing prophecy: foreseeing or foretelling events.—adv.Prophet′ically.—n.Proph′etism.—Prophetic office, the office of a prophet.—Former prophets, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings;Latter prophets, the prophets properly so called;Major prophets, the prophets whose books come before that of Hosea;Minor prophets, the prophets from Hosea to Malachi;School of the prophets, a school among the ancient Jews for training young men as teachers of the people;The prophets, one of the three divisions into which the ancient Jews divided their Scriptures—consisting of theformerand thelatterprophets (see above). [Fr.,—L.prophēta—Gr.prophētēs—pro, before, in behalf of,phē-mi,phanai, to speak.]
Prophylactic, prof-i-lak′tik,adj.guarding against: defending from disease.—n.a medicine which wards off disease.—n.Prophylax′is. [Gr.pro, before,phylassein, to guard.]
Propine, prō-pīn′,v.t.to pledge in drinking: to present, guarantee.—n.(obs.) money given as drink-money, any pledge or gift: the power of giving.—n.Propinā′tion, act of drinking healths. [O. Fr.,—L.,—Gr.propinein,pro, before,pinein, to drink.]
Propinquity, prō-ping′kwi-ti,n.nearness in time, place, or blood: proximity: neighbourhood.—v.i.Propinq′uate, to approach. [L.propinquitas—propinquus, near—prope, near.]
Propitiate, prō-pish′i-āt,v.t.to make propitious: to render favourable.—v.i.to make propitiation: to atone.—adj.Propi′tiable, that maybe propitiated or rendered favourable.—ns.Propitiā′tion, act of propitiating: (theol.) that which propitiates: atonement: the death of Christ as a ground of the forgiveness of sin;Propi′tiātor.—adv.Propi′tiatorily.—adj.Propi′tiātory, having power to propitiate: expiatory.—n.the Jewish mercy-seat.—adj.Propi′tious, favourable: disposed to be gracious or merciful: ready to forgive.—adv.Propi′tiously.—n.Propi′tiousness. [L.propitiāre,-ātum, to make favourable—propitius, well disposed; orig. perh. an augur's term with reference to the flying of birds—pro, forward,petĕre, to seek, orig. fly; by others conn. withprope, near.]
Proplasm, prō′plazm,n.a mould, matrix.—adj.Proplas′tic, forming a mould.
Propodite, prop′ō-dīt,n.the sixth joint of the typical limb of a Crustacean.
Propodium, prō-pō′di-um,n.the anterior division of the foot in some Gasteropoda and Pteropoda. [Gr.pro, before,pous,podos, the foot.]
Propolis, prop′ō-lis,n.a red, resinous, odorous substance like wax collected by bees and used to stop crevices in the hive, strengthen cells, &c. [Gr.,—pro, before,polis, city.]
Proponent, prō-pō′nent,adj.proposing.—n.one who makes a proposal or proposition: (law) one who propounds a will for probate.
Proportion, prō-pōr′shun,n.the relation of one thing to another in regard to magnitude: fitness of parts to each other: symmetrical arrangement: (math.) the identity or equality of ratios: the 'rule of three,' in which three terms are given to find a fourth: equal or just share: (obs.) form, figure.—v.t.to adjust: to form symmetrically: to correspond to: to divide into proper shares.—adj.Propor′tionable, that may be proportioned: having a proper proportion.—n.Propor′tionableness.—adv.Propor′tionably.—adj.Propor′tional, having a due proportion: relating to proportion: (math.) having the same or a constant ratio.—n.(math.) a number or quantity in a proportion.—n.Proportional′ity.—adv.Propor′tionally.—adj.Propor′tionate, adjusted according to a proportion: proportional.—v.t.to make proportional: to adjust in proportion.—adv.Propor′tionately.—ns.Propor′tionateness, the quality of being adjusted according to settled rates or comparative relation;Propor′tioning, adjustment of proportions.—adj.Propor′tionless, without proportion or symmetry of parts.—Proportional representation, representation in a parliament, &c., according to the number of electors in an electoral district.—Compound proportion, a proportion between two quantities, each of which is the product of two or more, those of the first set being in their order proportional to those of the other;In proportion, in the degree or measure, according;Inverse, orReciprocal,proportion, an equality of ratio between two quantities and the reciprocals of other two, as 6 : 3 = ½ : ¼. [L.proportio—pro, in comparison with,portio,portionis, part, share.]
Propose, prō-pōz′,v.t.to put forward or offer for consideration, &c.: to purpose or intend: (obs.) to place out, state, utter, discourse: (Shak.) to face, confront.—v.i.to form an intention or design: to offer, especially marriage: (Shak.) to converse—n.(obs.) talk, discourse.—n.Propō′sal, anything proposed: terms or conditions proposed.—n.Propō′ser. [Fr.,—pfx.pro-,poser, to place.]
Proposition, prop-ō-zish′un,n.a placing before: offer of terms: that which is proposed: the act of stating anything: that which is stated: (gram.andlogic) a complete sentence, or one which affirms or denies something: (math.) a theorem or problem to be demonstrated or solved.—adj.Proposi′tional, pertaining to, or of the nature of, a proposition: considered as a proposition. [Fr.,—L.propositio.]
Propound, prō-pownd′,v.t.to offer for consideration: to exhibit.—n.Propound′er. [Orig.propone—L.,—pro, forth,ponĕre, to place.]
Proprætor,Propretor, prō-prē′tor,n.a magistrate of ancient Rome, who, after acting as prætor in Rome, was appointed to the government of a province.
Proprietor, prō-prī′e-tor,n.one who has anything as his property: an owner:—fem.Proprī′etress,Proprī′etrix.—adjs.Proprī′etary,Proprietō′rial, belonging to a proprietor.—n.Proprī′etary, a proprietor, owner: a body of proprietors: the rights of a proprietor.—n.Proprī′etorship, state or right of a proprietor: ownership.—Proprietary right, the right of a proprietor: the common-law right of a playwright to control production or representation of his drama so long as unpublished: the right when protected by copyright after publication.
Propriety, prō-prī′e-ti,n.a person's right of possession: state of being proper or right: agreement with established principles or customs: fitness: accuracy: property: (obs.) individuality.—The proprieties, conventional customs of society. [Fr.,—L.proprietas—proprius, one's own.]
Proprium, prō′pri-um,n.selfhood.
Proproctor, prō-prok′tor,n.a substitute or assistant proctor.
Propterygium, prō-tē-rij′i-um,n.the anterior basal cartilage of the fins in theElasmobranchii:—pl.Proptery′gia.—adj.Proptery′gial. [L.pro, before, L.,—Gr.pterygion, a fin,pteron, a wing.]
Propugnation, prō-pug-nā′shun,n.(Shak.) defence. [L.,pro, for,pugnāre, to fight.]
Propulsion, prō-pul′shun,n.act of propelling: a driving forward.—adjs.Propul′sive,Propul′sory, tending or having power to propel. [Low L.propulsio—L.propellĕre,propulsum, to push forward.]
Propylæum, prō-pi-lē′um,n.a gateway of architectural importance, leading into a temple, &c.:—pl.Propylæ′a.—n.Prō′pylon, a monumental gateway before the entrance of an ancient Egyptian temple, &c. [Gr.pro, before,pylē, a gate.]
Pro rata, prō rā′ta, according to one's share: in proportion.—v.t.Prorāte′, to assess pro rata.
Prore, prōr,n.Same asProw.
Prorector, prō-rek′tor,n.a substitute or assistant rector.
Pro re nata, prō rē nā′ta, dealing with something that arises unexpectedly or out of due course, for special business. [L.pro, for,re, abl. ofres, thing,nata, abl. fem. ofnatus, born.]
Prorogue, prō-rōg′,v.t.to bring the meetings of parliament to an end for a time: to put off from one session to another:—pr.p.prorōg′uing:pa.t.andpa.p.prorōgued′.—v.t.Prō′rogāte.—n.Prorogā′tion, act of proroguing: a lengthening out: a putting off to another time, esp. the bringing to an end of a session of parliament. [Fr.,—L.prorogāre,-ātum—pro, forward,rogāre, to ask.]
Prorsad, pror′sad,adv.(anat.) forward.—adj.Pror′sal, anterior.
Prosaic,-al, prō-zā′ik, -al,adj.pertaining to prose: like prose: commonplace in style, manner, or thought: dull.—adv.Prosā′ically.—ns.Prosā′icism,Prosā′icness, quality of being prosaic;Prō′saism, a prose idiom: a prosaic phrase;Prō′saist, a writer of prose: a commonplace person.
Proscenium, prō-sē′ni-um,n.the front part of the stage: the curtain and its framework. [L.,—Gr.proskēnion—pro, before,skēnē, the stage.]
Proscribe, prō-skrīb′,v.t.to publish the names of persons to be punished: to put beyond the protection of law: to banish: to prohibit: to denounce, as doctrine.—ns.Prōscrib′er;Prō′script;Proscrip′tion, the act of proscribing or dooming to death or outlawry: utter rejection.—adj.Prōscrip′tive, pertaining to, or consisting in, proscription.—adv.Prōscrip′tively. [L.proscribĕre—pro, before, publicly,scribĕre,scriptum, to write.]
Prose, prōz,n.the direct, straightforward arrangement of words, free from poetical measures: ordinary spoken and written language: all writings not in verse.—adj.pertaining to prose: not poetical: plain: dull.—v.i.to write prose: to speak or write tediously.—v.t.to compose in prose.—ns.Prose′-man,Prō′ser,Prose′-writ′er, a writer of prose.—adv.Prō′sily, in a prosy manner: tediously.—ns.Prō′siness, the state or quality of being prosy;Prō′sing, speaking or writing in a dull or prosy way.—adj.Prō′sy, dull, tedious. [Fr.,—L.prosa—prorsus, straightforward—pro, forward,vertĕre,versum, to turn.]
Prosect, prō-sekt′,v.t.to dissect beforehand.—v.i.to perform the duties of a prosector, one who dissects a body for the illustration of anatomical lectures.—ns.Prosec′tion;Prosec′tor.—adj.Prosectō′rial.—n.Prosec′torship. [L.pro, before,secāre, to cut.]
Prosecute, pros′ē-kūt,v.t.to follow onwards or pursue, in order to reach or accomplish: to continue: to pursue by law: to bring before a court.—v.i.to carry on a legal prosecution.—ns.Prosecū′tion, the act of prosecuting or pursuing, esp. a civil or criminal suit: the party by which legal proceedings are instituted;Pros′ecūtor, one who prosecutes or pursues any plan or business: one who carries on a civil or criminal suit:—fem.Pros′ecūtrix.—Public prosecutor, a person whose duty it is to conduct prosecutions in the public interest. [L.prosequi—pro, onwards,sequi,secutus, to follow.]
Proselyte, pros′e-līt,n.one who has come over from one religion or opinion to another: a convert, esp. one who left the heathen and joined a Jewish community.—v.t.to convert.—v.t.Pros′elytīse, to make proselytes.—ns.Pros′elytīser, one who proselytises;Pros′elytism, the act of proselytising or of making converts: conversion.—Proselyte of the gate, a convert who was not compelled to submit to the regulations of the Mosaic law. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr.prosēlytos—proserchomai, I come to—pros, to,erchomai,ēlthon, to come.]
Prosencephalon, pros-en-sef′a-lon,n.the fore-brain, comprising the cerebral hemispheres and olfactory processes.—adj.Prosencephal′ic. [Gr.pros, before,enkephalon, the brain—en, in,kephalē, the head.]
Prosenchyma, pros-eng′ki-ma,n.the fibro-vascular system or tissue of plants—opp. toParenchyma, the soft tissues.—adj.Prosenchym′atous. [Gr.pros, to,enchyma, an infusion.]
Proseuche, (-a), pros-ū′kē, (-kä),n.a place of prayer: among the Jews one that was not a synagogue, or the temple, usually roofless:—pl.Proseu′chæ. [Gr.pros, towards,euchesthai, to pray.]
Prosiliency, prō-sil′i-en-si,n.a standing forward.
Prosit, prō′sit,interj.good luck to you, a salutation in drinking healths customary among German students. [3d pers. sing. pres. subj. ofprodesse, to be of use—pro, for,esse, to be.]
Prosobranchiata, pros-ō-brangk-i-ā′ta,n.pl.an order or sub-class of gasteropods having the gills anterior to the heart.—adj.Prosobranch′iāte. [Gr.prosō, forward,branchia, gills.]
Prosody, pros′ō-di,n.that part of grammar which treats of quantity, accent, and the laws of verse or versification.—adjs.Prosō′dial,Prosod′ic,-al, pertaining to prosody: according to the rules of prosody.—ns.Prosō′dian,Pros′odist, one skilled in prosody.—adv.Prosod′ically. [Fr.,—L.prosōdia, Gr.prosōdia—pros, to,ōdē, a song.]
Prosopopeia,Prosopopœia,pros-ō-pō-pē′ya,n.a rhetorical figure by which inanimate objects are spoken of as persons: personification. [Gr.prosōpopoiia—prosōpon, a person,poiein, to make.]
Prosopulmonata, pros-ō-pul-mō-nā′ta,n.pl.a group of air-breathing gasteropods in which the pulmonary sac occupies a forward position.—adj.Prosopul′monāte. [Gr.prosō, forward, L.pulmo, a lung.]
Prospect, pros′pekt,n.a looking forward: that which the eye takes in at once: a view: object of view: a scene: expectation: a long, straight, wide street: outlook, exposure.—v.i.Prospect′, to make a search, esp. for chances of mining for precious metals.—ns.Prospec′ter,-or, one who explores for valuable minerals;Prospec′ting, searching a district for gold or silver mines with a view to further operations;Prospec′tion, the act of looking forward or of providing for future wants.—adj.Prospec′tive, looking forward: expected: acting with foresight: relating to the future: distant.—n.outlook: prospect.—adv.Prospec′tively.—ns.Prospec′tiveness;Prospec′tus, the outline of any plan submitted for public approval, particularly of a literary work or of a joint-stock concern. [L.prospectus—prospicĕre,prospectum—pro, forward,specĕre, to look.]
Prosper, pros′pėr,v.t.to make fortunate or happy: (B.) to make to prosper.—v.i.to be successful: to succeed: to turn out well.—n.Prosper′ity, the state of being prosperous: success: good fortune.—adj.Pros′perous, according to hope: in accordance with one's wishes: making good progress: favourable: successful.—adv.Pros′perously.—n.Pros′perousness. [L.prosper,prosperus—pro, in accordance with,spes, hope.]
Prosphysis, pros′-fi-sis,n.morbid adhesion of the eyelids to each other or to the eyeball. [Gr.]
Prostate, pros′tāt,adj.standing in front, applied to a gland in males at the neck of the bladder.—n.the gland at the neck of the bladder.—adj.Prostat′ic.—n.Prostatī′tis, inflammation of the prostate gland. [Gr.prostatēs—pro, before,sta, root ofhistēmi, I set up.]
Prosthenic, pros-then′ik,adj.strong in the fore-parts.
Prosthesis, pros′the-sis,n.addition, affixion, as of letters at the beginning of a word: the fitting of artificial parts to the body.—adj.Prosthet′ic. [Gr.]
Prostitute, pros′ti-tūt,v.t.to expose for sale for bad ends: to sell to lewdness: to devote to any improper purpose.—adj.openly devoted to lewdness: sold to wickedness.—n.a female who indulges in lewdness, esp. for hire, a whore: a base hireling.—ns.Prostitū′tion, the act or practice of prostituting: lewdness for hire: the being devoted to infamous purposes;Pros′titūtor, one who prostitutes either himself or another. [L.prostituĕre,-ūtum—pro, before,statuĕre, to place.]
Prostrate, pros′trāt,adj.thrown forwards on the ground: lying at length: lying at mercy: bent in adoration.—v.t.to throw forwards on the ground: to lay flat: to overthrow: to sink totally: to bow in humble reverence.—n.Prostrā′tion, act of throwing down or laying flat: act of falling down in adoration: dejection: complete loss of strength. [L.pro, forwards,sternĕre,stratum, to strew.]
Prostyle, prō′stīl,adj.(archit.) having a range of detached columns in front.
Prosy. SeeProse.
Prosyllogism, prō-sil′ō-jizm,n.a syllogism of which the conclusion is the premise of another.
Protactic, prō-tak′tik,adj.placed at the beginning, introductory.
Protagonist, prō-tag′on-ist,n.a leading character, esp. in a play.—n.Prō′tagon, a nitrogenous substance obtained from the brain and other tissues. [Gr.prōtos, first,agōnistēs, a combatant.]
Protamœba, prō-ta-mē′ba,n.a low form of theMonera, which is constantly changing its form by sending out and withdrawing pseudopodia.
Pro tanto, prō tan′to, for so much: to a certain extent: to the extent mentioned.
Protasis, prot′a-sis,n.(rhet.) the first part of a conditional sentence—opp. toApodosis: the first part of a dramatic composition.—adj.Protat′ic. [Gr.,—pro, before,tasis, a stretching,teinein, to stretch.]
Protean, prō′tē-an,adj.readily assuming different shapes, likeProteus, the sea-god, fabled to have the power of changing himself into an endless variety of forms: variable: inconstant.
Protect, prō-tekt′,v.t.to cover in front: to cover over: to shield from danger: to defend: to shelter.—adv.Protec′tingly.—ns.Protec′tion, act of protecting: state of being protected: preservation: defence: that which protects: guard: refuge: security: a writing guaranteeing against molestation or interference: passport: a fostering of home produce and manufactures by laying taxes on the importation of foreign goods;Protec′tionism, the doctrine of the protectionists;Protec′tionist, one who favours the protection of trade by law.—adj.favouring the economic doctrine of protection.—adj.Protec′tive, affording protection: defensive: sheltering.—n.that which protects.—adv.Protec′tively.—ns.Protec′tiveness;Protec′tor, one who protects from injury or oppression: a guardian: a regent:—fem.Protec′tress,Protec′trix.—adjs.Protec′toral,Protectō′rial, pertaining to a protector or a regent.—n.Protec′torāte, government by a protector: the authority assumed by a superior: relation assumed by a strong nation to a weak one, whereby the latter is protected from hostile or foreign interference.—adj.Protec′torless.—ns.Protec′torship;Protec′tory, an institution for destitute children. [L.,pro, in front,tegĕre,tectum, to cover.]
Protégé, prō-tā-zhā′,n.one under the protection of another: a pupil: a ward:—fem.Protégée. [Fr., pa.p. ofprotéger, to protect—L.protegĕre.]
Protein, prō′tē-in,n.the first element in any compound: formerly the supposed common radical of the group of bodies which form the most essential articles of food, albumen, fibrine, &c.—n.Prō′tēid, a body containing protein: one of several bodies which go to make up the soft tissues of animals and vegetables. [Gr.prōtos, first, suffix-in.]
Pro tempore, prō tem′po-rē, for the time being: temporary—sometimes writtenpro tem.—adj.Protemporā′neous, temporary.
Protend, prō-tend′,v.t.to stretch or hold out.—ns.Protense′(Spens.), extension;Proten′sion, duration;Proten′sity.—adj.Proten′sive. [L.,—pro, forth,tendĕre,tensum, to stretch.]
Proteolytic, prō-tē-ō-lit′ik,adj.converting food material into protein.—n.Proteol′ysis. [Proteid, Gr.lyein, to relax.]
Proterandry, prot-e-ran′dri,n.the maturity of the anthers of a perfect flower before its stigma is ready to receive the pollen.—adj.Proteran′drous.
Proteroglypha, prot-e-rog′li-fa,n.pl.a group of snakes having the anterior maxillary teeth grooved. [Gr.proteros, fore,glyphein, to carve.]
Proterogyny, prot-e-roj′i-ni,n.the maturity of the stigmas of a perfect flower before its anthers have matured their pollen.—adj.Proterog′ynous.
Protervity, prō-ter′vi-ti,n.peevishness, wantonness:—pl.Proter′vities. [O. Fr.,—L.,—protervus, wanton—pro, forth,terĕre, to bruise.]
Protest, prō-test′,v.i.to bear witness before others: to declare openly: to give a solemn declaration of opinion (against).—v.t.to make a solemn declaration of: to note, as a bill of exchange, on account of non-acceptance or non-payment: (rare) to call as a witness: (obs.) to publish, make known: (Shak.) to vow.—n.Prō′test, a solemn or formal declaration, esp. in writing, expressing dissent: the noting by a notary-public of an unpaid or unaccepted bill: a written declaration, usually by the master of a ship, stating the circumstances attending loss or injury of ship or cargo, &c.—adj.Prot′estant, protesting: pertaining to the faith of those who protest against the errors of the Church of Rome.—n.one of those who, in 1529, protested against an edict of Charles V. and the Diet of Spires denouncing the Reformation: a member of one of those churches founded by the Reformers: one who protests.—v.t.Prot′estantise.—ns.Prot′estantism, the Protestant religion: state of being a Protestant;Protestā′tion, an act of protesting: a solemn declaration: a declaration of dissent: a declaration in pleading;Prot′estātor;Protest′er.—adv.Protest′ingly. [Fr.,—L.protestāri,-ātus, to bear witness in public—pro, before,testāri—testis, a witness.]
Proteus. SeeProtean.
Protevangelium, prō-tē-van-jel′i-um,n.the earliest announcement of the gospel (Gen. iii. 15): an apocryphal gospel ascribed to James, Jesus' brother.
Prothalamium, prō-tha-lā′mi-um,n.a piece written to celebrate a marriage.—AlsoProthalā′mion. [Gr.pro, before,thalamos, a bride-chamber.]
Prothallium, prō-thal′i-um,n.the green, leaf-like, cellular expansion which grows from the spore of a fern.—AlsoProthall′us. [Gr.pro, before,thallus, a young shoot.]
Prothesis, proth′e-sis,n.in the Greek Church the preliminary oblation of the eucharistic elements before the liturgy: the table used. [Gr.,—pro, before,tithenai, to place.]
Prothonotary, prō-thon′ō-ta-ri,n.a chief notary or clerk: one of the chief secretaries of the chancery at Rome: a chief clerk or registrar of a court, in certain of the United States—alsoProton′otary.—adj.Prothonotā′rial.—n.Prothonotā′riat, the college constituted by the twelve apostolical prothonotaries in Rome. [Late L.,—Gr.prōtos, first, L.notarius, a clerk.]
Prothorax, prō-thō′raks,n.the anterior segment of the thorax of insects.—adj.Prothorac′ic(-ras-).
Protista, prō-tis′ta,n.pl.a proposed term for a zoological kingdom includingProtozoaandProtophyta. [Gr.prōtistos, superl. ofprōtos, first.]
Protococcus, prō-tō-kok′us,n.a microscopic vegetable organism forming the green scum upon trees, tiles, &c. [Gr.prōtos, first,kokkos, a berry.]
Protocol, prō′tō-kol,n.the first copy of any document: the rough draft of an instrument or transaction: the original copy.—v.i.to issue, form protocols.—v.t.to make a protocol of—alsoPrō′tocolīse.—n.Prō′tocolist, a registrar or clerk. [Fr.,—Low L.protocollum—Late Gr.prōtokollon, the first leaf, containing the writer's name, date, &c.—Gr.prōtos, first,kolla, glue.]
Protogenal, prō-toj′e-nal,adj.primitive.—n.Protogen′esis, abiogenesis.—adjs.Protogenet′ic,Protogen′ic, noting crystalline or fire-formed rocks: noting intercellular spaces formed within undifferentiated plant tissues.—n.Prō′togine, a variety of granite in the Alps.
Protomartyr, prō′tō-mär-tėr,n.St Stephen, the first Christian martyr: the first who suffers in any cause.
Protophyte, prō′tō-fīt,n.the first or lowest order of plants.—n.pl.Protoph′yta.—adj.Protophyt′ic. [Gr.prōtos, first,phyton, a plant.]
Protoplasm, prō′tō-plazm,n.living matter: a homogeneous, structureless substance, forming the physical basis of life, endowed with contractility, with a chemical composition allied to that of albumen.—adj.Protoplasm′ic.—n.Prō′toplast, he who, or that which, was first formed: an original: the first parent.—adj.Protoplast′ic. [Gr.prōtos, first,plasma, form—plassein, to form.]
Prototheria, prō-tō-thē′ri-a,n.pl.the hypothetical primitive mammals, ancestors of the monotremes. [Gr.prōtos, first,thēr, wild beast.]
Prototype, prō′tō-tīp,n.the first or original type or model from which anything is copied: an exemplar: a pattern.—adjs.Prō′totypal,Prōtotyp′ical. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr.,prōtos, first,typos, a type.]
Protovertebræ, prō-tō-ver′te-brē,n.pl.the rudimentary segments formed in the vertebrate embryo from the medullary plates, from which the bodies of the vertebræ, spinal nerve-roots, &c. are developed.—adjs.Protover′tebral,Protover′tebrate.
Protoxide, prō-tok′sīd,n.the first oxide—that is, an oxide containing one equivalent of oxygen combined with one equivalent of a base.
Protozoa, prō-tō-zō′ä,n.pl.the first or lowest class of animals:—sing.Protozō′on.—adjs.Protozō′an;Protozō′ic, pertaining to the protozoa: containing remains of the earliest life of the globe. [Gr.prōtos, first,zōon, an animal.]
Protract, prō-trakt′,v.t.to draw out or lengthen in time: to prolong: to put off in time: to draw to a scale.—p.adj.Protrac′ted, drawn out in time: tedious: prolonged: postponed.—adv.Protrac′tedly.—n.Protrac′ter.—adj.Protrac′tile, susceptible of being thrust out.—n.Protrac′tion, act of protracting or prolonging: the delaying of the termination of a thing: the plotting or laying down of the dimensions of anything on paper.—adj.Protrac′tive, drawing out in time: prolonging: delaying.—n.Protrac′tor, one who, or that which, protracts: a mathematical instrument for laying down angles on paper, used in surveying, &c. [L.,—pro, forth,trahĕre, to draw.]
Protrude, prō-trōōd′,v.t.to thrust or push forward: to drive along: to put out.—v.i.to be thrust forward or beyond the usual limit.—adjs.Protrud′able,Protru′sile, protractile;Protru′sible, able to be protruded.—n.Protru′sion, the act of thrusting forward or beyond the usual limit: the state of being protruded: that which protrudes.—adj.Protru′sive, thrusting or impelling forward: protruding.—adv.Protru′sively.—n.Protru′siveness. [L.protrudĕre—pro, forward,trudĕre, to thrust.]
Protuberance, prō-tūb′ėr-ans,n.a prominence: a tumour.—adj.Protū′berant, swelling: prominent.—adv.Protū′berantly.—v.i.Protū′berāte, to bulge out.—n.Protūberā′tion. [L.protuberāre,-ātum—pro, forward,tuber, a swelling.]
Proud, prowd (comp.Proud′er;superl.Proud′est),adj.having excessive self-esteem: arrogant: haughty: having a proper sense of what is becoming: daring: grand: ostentatious: giving reason for pride or boasting.—n.Proud′-flesh, a growth or excrescence of flesh in a wound.—adjs.Proud′-heart′ed(Shak.), having a proud spirit;Proud′ish, somewhat proud.—adv.Proud′ly.—adj.Proud′-mind′ed(Shak.), proud in mind.—n.Proud′ness, the state or quality of being proud: pride.—adjs.Proud′-pied(Shak.), gorgeously variegated;Proud′-stom′ached, of haughty spirit, arrogant. [A.S.prut, proud,prýte, pride.]
Provable, prōōv′a-bl,adj.that may be proved.—n.Prov′ableness.—adv.Prov′ably, in a manner capable of proof. [O. Fr.provable,prouvable—L.probabilis, probable.]
Provand, prov′and,n.(Shak.) provender: provision—alsoProv′end.—adj.Prov′ant, belonging to a regular allowance: of common or inferior quality. [O. Fr.,—Low L.præbenda, a payment, pittance.]
Prove, prōōv,v.t.to try by experiment or by a test or standard: to make certain: to try by suffering: to establish or ascertain as truth by argument or other evidence: to demonstrate: to ascertain the genuineness of: to experience or suffer: (math.) to ascertain the correctness of any result.—v.i.to make trial: to turn out: to be shown afterwards.—n.Prov′er.—The exception proves the rule, the exception tests the rule, proving its general truth. [O. Fr.prover(Fr.prouver), which, like A.S.prófianand Ger.proben, is from L.probāre—probus, excellent.]
Provection, prō-vek′shun,n.the transfer of the final consonant from a word to the beginning of the next.—n.Prōvec′tor(math.), a contravariant operator formed by substituting signs of partial differentiation for the facients of a quantic. [L.provehĕre,provectum, to carry forward.]
Provedor, (-e), prov′edor, (-dōr),n.a purveyor. [Sp.]
Proven, prov′n, (Scots law) same asProved,pa.p.ofProve.—Not proven, a verdict declaring that guilt has not been fully made out, but which leaves the accused still under serious suspicion.
Provenance, prov′e-nans,n.the source from which anything comes or is derived.—AlsoProvē′nience. [Fr.,—L.pro, forth,venīre, to come.]
Provençal, prō-vang-sal′,adj.of or pertaining toProvence, in France, or to its inhabitants—alsoProven′cial.—n.a native, or the language of Provence, thelangue d'oc(q.v.).
Provender, prov′en-dėr,n.dry food for beasts, as hay or corn: esp. a mixture of meal and cut straw or hay.—v.t.to feed. [O. Fr.,—L.præbenda, in Late L. a daily allowance of food.]
Proverb, prov′ėrb,n.a short familiar sentence expressing a well-known truth or moral lesson: a byword: (B.) a difficult saying that requires explanation: (pl.) a book of the Old Testament: a dramatic composition in which a proverb gives name and character to the plot.—v.t.to speak of proverbially: make a byword of: to provide with a proverb.—adj.Prover′bial, like or pertaining to proverbs: widely spoken of.—v.t.Prover′bialise, to turn into a proverb.—ns.Prover′bialism, a saying in the form of, or like, a proverb;Prover′bialist.—adv.Prover′bially. [Fr.proverbe—L.proverbium—pro, publicly,verbum, a word.]
Provide, prō-vīd′,v.t.to make ready beforehand: to prepare for future use: to supply: to appoint or give a right to a benefice before it is actually vacant.—v.i.to procure supplies or means of defence: to take measures: to arrange for as a necessary condition or arrangement.—adj.Provī′dable.—conj.Provī′ded, (often withthat) on condition: upon these terms: with the understanding.—n.Provī′der. [L.providēre—pro, before,vidēre, to see.]
Providence, prov′i-dens,n.timely preparation: (theol.) the foresight and care of God over all His creatures: God, considered in this relation: something occurring in which God's care is clearly shown: prudence in managing one's affairs.—adjs.Prov′ident, seeing beforehand, and providing for the future: cautious: prudent: economical;Providen′tial, effected by, or proceeding from, divine providence.—advs.Providen′tially;Prov′idently.—n.Prov′identness. [L.provid-ens,-entis, pr.p. ofprovidēre.]