Some, sum,adj.denoting an indefinite number or quantity: certain, in distinction from others: moderate or in a certain degree: about.—adv.(prov.) somewhat, in some degree.—n.Some′body, some or any body or person: a person of importance.—advs.Some′deal,Some′dele(Spens.), in some degree, somewhat;Some′gate(Scot.), somewhere, somehow;Some′how, in some way or other.—adj.Some′-such, somewhat of that kind.—n.Some′thing, an indefinite thing or event: a portion, an indefinite quantity.—adv.in some degree.—advs.Some′time, at a time not fixed: once: at one time or other;Some′times, at certain times: now and then: at one time: (B.) once, formerly.—n.Some′what, an unfixed quantity or degree.—adv.in some degree.—advs.Some′when, some time or other;Some′where, in some place: in one place or another;Some′while, sometimes, at times;Some′whither, to some place. [A.S.sum; Goth.sums, Ice.sumr.]
Somersault, sum′ėr-sawlt,n.a leap in which a person turns with his heels over his head.—AlsoSom′erset. [Corr. of Fr.soubresaut(It.soprasalto)—L.supra, over,saltus, a leap—salīre, to leap.]
Somite, sÅ′mÄ«t,n.a segment of the body of an articulated or vertebrate animal: anarthromereor metamere.—adjs.SÅ′mital,Somit′ic.
Somnambulate, som-nam′bÅ«-lÄt,v.i.to walk in sleep.—adj.Somnam′bÅ«lant, sleep-walking.—n.SomnambÅ«lÄ′tion.—adj.Somnam′bÅ«lic.—ns.Somnam′bulism, act or practice of walking in sleep;Somnam′bÅ«list,Somnam′bÅ«lator, a sleep-walker.—adj.SomnambÅ«lis′tic, pertaining to a somnambulist or to somnambulism: affected by somnambulism. [L.somnus, sleep,ambulÄre,-Ätum, to walk.]
Somniferous, som-nif′ėr-us,adj.bringing or causing sleep.—adjs.Som′nial, pertaining to dreams;Som′niÄtive,Som′niÄtory, relating to, or producing, dreams.—n.SomnifÄ′cient, a soporific.—adjs.SomnifÄ′cient,Somnif′ic, causing, or tending to induce, sleep.—ns.Somnil′oquence,Somnil′oquism, the act of talking in sleep;Somnil′oquist, one who talks in his sleep.—adj.Somnil′oquous, apt to talk in sleep.—ns.Somnil′oquy, a talking in one's sleep;Somnip′athy, a hypnotic sleep;Somniv′olency, any soporific. [L.somnus, sleep,ferre, to bring,loqui, to speak,velle, to will.]
Somnolence, som′nÅ-lens,n.sleepiness: inclination to sleep—alsoSom′nolency.—adj.Som′nolent, sleepy or inclined to sleep.—adv.Som′nolently, in a somnolent or sleepy manner: drowsily.—adj.Somnoles′cent, half-asleep.—ns.Som′nolism, the state of mesmeric sleep;Som′nus, sleep personified. [L.somnolentia—somnus, sleep.]
Son, sun,n.a male child or descendant: any young male person spoken of as a child: a term of affection generally: a disciple: a native or inhabitant: the produce of anything.—n.Son′-in-law, the husband of one's daughter.—adj.Son′less, without a son.—ns.Son′ny, a little son;Son′ship, state or character of a son.—Son of man, Christ as the promised Messiah, the ideal man;The Son, Christ, as the second person in the Trinity. [A.S.sunu; Dut.zoon, Ger.sohn.]
Sonant, sÅ′nant,adj.sounding: pertaining to sound: uttered with sound, instead of breath alone, as certain alphabetic sounds.—ns.SÅ′nance(Shak.), a call;SÅ′nancy, sonant character. [L.sonans,-antis, pr.p. ofsonÄre, to sound.]
Sonata, sÅ-nä′ta,n.a musical composition usually of three or more movements or divisions, designed chiefly for a solo instrument.—n.Sonatina(sÅ-nä-tē′na),a short or simplified sonata. [It.,—L.sonÄre, to sound.]
Sondeli, son′de-li,n.the musk-rat, or rat-tailed shrew of India.
Song, song,n.that which is sung: a short poem or ballad, adapted for singing, or set to music: the melody to which it is adapted: a poem, or poetry in general: the notes of birds: a mere trifle: (B.) an object of derision.—ns.Song′-bird, a bird that sings;Song′book, a collection of songs: a hymn-book;Song′craft, the art of making songs, skill in such.—adjs.Song′ful, full of song: disposed to sing;Song′less, wanting the power of song.—ns.Song′man(Shak.), a singer;Song′-sparr′ow, the hedge-sparrow;Song′ster, a singer, or one skilled in singing, esp. a bird that sings:—fem.Song′stress;Song′-thrush, the mavis or throstle.—Song of Songs, orof Solomon, Canticles;Songs of degrees(seeDegree).—Old song(seeOld). [A.S.sang—singan, to sing; Dut.zang, Ger.gesang, Goth.saggws, Ice.söngr.]
Song, song (Spens.),pa.t.ofsing.
Soniferous, son-if′ėr-us,adj.giving or conveying sound. [L.sonus, sound, ferre, to bring.]
Sonned, sund (Spens.). Same asSunned.
Sonnet, son′et,n.a poem in a stanza mostly iambic in movement, properly decasyllabic or hendecasyllabic in metre, always in fourteen lines—originally composed of an octave and a sestet—properly expressing two successive phases of one thought.—v.t.andv.i.to celebrate in sonnets.—adj.Sonn′etary.—n.Sonneteer′, a composer of sonnets.—v.i.Sonn′etise, to compose sonnets.—v.t.to celebrate in a sonnet.—n.Sonn′etist(Shak.), a sonneteer. [Fr.,—It.sonetto, dim. ofsonÄre, a sound, song—L.sonus, a sound.]
Sonnite=Sunnite(q.v.).
Sonometer, sÅ-nom′e-tÄ—r,n.an instrument for measuring sounds or their intervals by means of a sounding-board with strings stretched above it, movable bridges, and weights for varying the tension. [L.sonus, a sound, Gr.metron, a measure.]
Sonorous, sÅ-nÅ′rus,adj.sounding when struck: giving a clear, loud sound: high-sounding.—n.SÅnÅres′cence, the property possessed by hard rubber of emitting sound under intermittent radiant heat or light.—adj.SÅnÅrif′ic, making sound.—ns.SÅnor′ity, sonorousness;SÅnÅ′rÅphone, a kind of bombardon.—adv.SÅnÅ′rously.—n.SÅnÅ′rousness, sonorous quality or character. [L.sonorus—sonor,sonus, a sound—sonÄre, to sound.]
Sonsy,Soncy, son′si,adj.(Scot.) plump, buxom, good-natured.—AlsoSon′sie,Son′cie.
Sontag, son′tag,n.a woman's knitted cape, tied down round the waist. [From the famous German singer, HenriettaSontag(1806-54).]
Sonty, son′ti,n.(Shak.) sanctity—generally in plural, as in the oath, 'By God's sonties!'
Soochong=Souchong(q.v.).
Soon, sÅÅn,adv.immediately or in a short time: without delay: early: readily, willingly.—adj.Soon′-believ′ing(Shak.), believing readily.—Soon at(Shak.), about;Sooner or later, at some time in the future.—As soon as, immediately after;No sooner than, as soon as. [A.S.sóna; Goth.suns.]
Soop, sÅÅp,v.t.(Scot.) to sweep.—n.Soop′ing, sweeping.
Soot, soot,n.the black powder condensed from smoke.—ns.Soot′erkin, a fabulous birth induced by the Dutch women sitting huddled over their stoves—hence anything fruitless or abortive;Soot′flake, a smut of soot;Soot′iness.—adj.Soot′y, consisting of, or like, soot. [A.S.sót; Dan.sod.]
Soote, sÅÅt.adv.(Spens.) sweetly.
Sooth, sÅÅth,n.truth, reality.—adj.true: pleasing.—adv.indeed.—adj.Sooth′fast, truthful, honest, faithful.—adv.Sooth′fastly.—n.Sooth′fastness.—advs.Sooth′ly,Sooth′lich(Spens.), truly, indeed.—v.i.Sooth′say, to foretell, to divine.—ns.Sooth′sayer, one who divines, esp. a pretender to the power;Sooth′saying, divination, prediction. [A.S.sóth, true; Ice.sannr, true.]
Soothe, sÅÅth,v.t.to please with soft words: to flatter: to soften, allay.—ns.Sooth′er, one who, or that which, soothes: (Shak.) one who gains by blandishments, a flatterer;Sooth′ing(Shak.), flattery (alsoadj.).—adv.Sooth′ingly. [A.S.gesóthian, to confirm as true—sóth, true.]
Sop, sop,n.anything dipped or soaked, esp. in soup, to be eaten: anything given to satisfy or quieten.—v.t.to steep in liquor: to take up by absorption (with up).—v.i.to soak in, percolate: to be soaked:—pr.p.sop′ping;pa.t.andpa.p.sopped.—n.Sop-,Sops-,in-wine(Spens.), a flower resembling a carnation. [A.S.sop(insópcuppa, a dish), fromsúpan, to sip; Ice.soppa, soup.]
Soph, sof,n.an abbreviation ofsophister(q.v.)—also ofsophomore(q.v.).
Sopherim, sÅ′fe-rim,n.pl.the scribes, the expounders of the Jewish oral law.—adj.SÅ′pheric. [Heb.]
Sophi, sÅ′fi,n.(Milt.) a title of the king of Persia. [Pers.sufi, wise, pious.]
Sophic,-al, sof′ik, -al,adj.teaching wisdom, pertaining to wisdom.—adv.Soph′ically.
Sophism, sof′izm,n.a specious fallacy..—n.Soph′ist, one of a class of public teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, &c. in Greece in the 5th centuryB.C.: a captious or fallacious reasoner—alsoSoph′ister(Shak.): a student at an English university in his second or third year, the students in these years being called junior and senior sophister respectively.—adjs.Sophis′tic,-al, pertaining to a sophist or to sophistry: fallaciously subtle.—adv.Sophis′tically.—n.Sophis′ticalness, the state or quality of being sophistical.—v.t.Sophis′ticÄte, to render sophistical or unsound: to corrupt by mixture.—adj.Sophis′ticÄted, adulterated: impure: not genuine.—ns.SophisticÄ′tion, act of sophisticating, adulterating, or injuring by mixture;Sophis′ticÄtor, one who sophisticates or adulterates;Sophis′ticism, the philosophy or the methods of the sophists;Soph′istress, a she-sophist;Soph′istry, specious but fallacious reasoning. [Fr.sophisme—Gr.sophisma—sophizein, to make wise—sophos, wise.]
Sophoclean, sof-Å-klē′an,adj.pertaining toSophocles, Athenian tragic poet (496-405B.C.).
Sophomore, sof′Å-mÅr,n.(U.S.) a second-year student.—adj.pertaining to such.—adjs.Sophomor′ic,-al, [Gr.sophos, wise,mÅros, foolish.]
Sophora, sÅ-fÅ′ra,n.a genus of leguminous plants, natives of warm regions of both the Old and New World, with highly ornamental white, yellow, or violet flowers—Sophora Japonicais the Japanese or Chinese pagoda-tree. [Ar.sofÄra—asfar, yellow.]
Sophrosyne, sÅ-fros′i-nÄ“,n.soundness of mind. [Gr.]
Sopient, sÅ′pi-ent,n.a soporific.
Sopite, sÅ′pÄ«t,v.t.to put to rest: to quash.—n.Sopi′tion, lethargy.
Soporific, sÅ-pÅ-rif′ik,adj.making or causing sleep.—n.anything that causes sleep.—adj.Soporif′erous, bringing, causing, or tending to cause sleep: sleepy.—adv.Soporif′erously.—n.Soporif′erousness.—adjs.SÅ′porÅse,SÅ′porous, sleepy, causing sleep. [Fr.soporifique—L.sopor, sleep,facÄ•re, to make.]
Soppy. sop′i,adj.sopped or soaked in liquid.
Sopra, sÅ′pra,adv.(mus.) above. [It.]
Soprano, sÅ-prä′no,n.the highest variety of voice, treble: a singer with such a voice:—pl.Sopra′nos,Sopra′ni.—n.Sopra′nist, a singer of soprano. [It., fromsopra—L.supraorsuper, above.]
Sora, sÅ′ra,n.a North American short-billed rail.—AlsoSÅ′ree.
Sorage, sÅr′Äj,n.the time between a hawk's being taken from the aerie and her mewing her feathers. [SeeSore(2).]
Sorastrum, sÅ-ras′trum,n.a genus of fresh-water algæ. [Gr.sÅros, a heap;astron, a star.]
Sorb, sorb,n.the mountain-ash or service-tree.—ns.Sorb′-apple, the fruit of the service-tree;Sor′bÄte,Sor′binorSor′bine,Sor′bite.—adj.Sor′bic, pertaining to, or from, the sorb. [Fr.,—L.sorbus.]
Sorb, sorb,n.one of a Slavonic race in Saxony and the neighbouring parts of Prussia.—AlsoWend, orLusatian Wend.—adj.Sor′bian, pertaining to the Sorbs or their language.—n.a Sorb, or the Sorbian tongue.—adj.andn.Sor′bish.
Sorbefacient, sor-be-fÄ′shent,adj.producing absorption.—n.a medicine which produces absorption.—n.Sor′bent, an absorbent. [L.sorbÄ•re, to suck in,faciens,-entis, pr.p. offacÄ•re, to make.]
Sorbet, sor′bet,n.sherbet: water-ice.
Sorbonne, sor-bon′,n.the earliest and the most famous of all the colleges of the medieval university of Paris, founded in 1253 by Robert ofSorbon, in the diocese of Rheims. Exclusively devoted to theology, till the close of the 15th century it controlled by its teaching and its dogmatic decisions the intellectual life of Europe.—adj.Sorbon′ical.—n.Sor′bonist, a doctor of the Sorbonne.
Sorcery, sor′sėr-i,n.divination by the assistance of evil spirits: enchantment: magic: witchcraft.—n.Sor′cerer, one who practises sorcery: an enchanter: a magician:—fem.Sor′ceress, a witch.—adj.Sor′cerous, using sorcery. [O. Fr.sorcerie—Low L.sortiarius, one who tells fortunes by lots—L.sortīri, to cast lots—sors,sortis, a lot.]
Sord, sÅrd,n.(Milt.) a form of sward.
Sordamente, sor-da-men′te,adv.(mus.) in a muffled manner, softly. [It.]
Sordid, sor′did,adj.dirty, squalid: of a dull colour: morally foul, vile: mean: meanly avaricious.—n.Sor′des, filth, foul accretions on the teeth in low forms of fever.—adv.Sor′didly.—ns.Sor′didness, state of being sordid;Sor′dor, filth, dregs. [Fr.sordide—L.sordidus—sordēre, to be dirty.]
Sordine, sor′din,n.a mute, damper, or other device to soften or deaden the sound of a stringed instrument.—advs.Sor′do,Sor′da, damped with a mute.—n.SordÅ′no, a musical instrument of the oboe family. [It.sordina—L.surdus, deaf.]
Sore, sÅr,n.a wounded or diseased spot on an animal body: an ulcer or boil: (B.) grief, affliction.—adj.wounded: tender: susceptible of pain: easily pained or grieved: bringing sorrow or regret: severe, violent, intense: wretched.—adv.painfully: grievously: severely, thoroughly.—n.Sore′head(U.S.), a person discontented with the reward for his political services.—adj.Sore′headed.—adv.Sore′ly, in a sore manner: grievously.—n.Sore′ness. [A.S.sár; Ger.sehr, very, Ice.sárr, sore.]
Sore, sÅr,n.(Spens.) a hawk of the first year: (Shak.) a buck of the fourth year. [O. Fr.saur,sor, sorrel, reddish.]
Soredium, sÅ-rē′di-um,n.one or more algal cells in a lichen with enveloping fungus-threads, a brood-bud:—pl.Sorē′dia.—adjs.Sorē′dial,Sorē′diate,Soredif′erous.
Sorehon, sÅr′hon,n.an ancient Irish exaction of a lord from a freeholder or tenant.
Sorex, sÅ′reks,n.the typical genus of the familySoricidæand sub-familySoricinæ, one of this genus, a shrew.—adjs.Soric′ident, having teeth like the shrew;Sor′icine, pertaining to the shrew-mouse;Sor′icoid, soricine. [L.,—Gr.hyrax, a shrew-mouse.]
Sorghum, sor′gum,n.a genus of grasses, also calledDurra milletandIndian millet, orSorgho grass. It is closely allied to sugar-cane and beard-grass. [Sp.sorgo—Low L.sorgum,surgum,suricum, prob. an East Ind. word.]
Sorites, sÅ-rī′tÄ“z,n.an argument composed of an indeterminate number of propositions, so arranged that the predicate of the first becomes the subject of the second, and so on till the conclusion is reached, which unites the subject of the first with the predicate of the last. [Gr.,—sÅros, a heap.]
Sorn, sorn,v.i.(Scot.) to obtrude one's self on another as an uninvited guest.—n.Sor′ner, one who takes food and lodging by force or threats. [Prob.sojourn.]
Sororicide, sor-or′i-sīd,n.the murder, or the murderer, of a sister. [L.soror, a sister,cædĕre, to kill.]
Sororise, sÅ′ror-Ä«z,v.i.to associate as sisters.—adj.SorÅ′ral.—adv.SorÅ′rially, in a sisterly manner.
Sorosis, sÅ-rÅ′sis,n.a compound fleshy fruit, resulting from many flowers, as the pine-apple. [Gr.sÅros, a heap.]
Sorotrochous, sÅ-rot′rÅ-kus,adj.having the wheel-organ compound, as a rotifer. [Gr.sÅros, a heap, trochos, a wheel.]
Sorrel, sor′el,n.one of several species of the genusRumex, allied to the dock, the leaves impregnated with oxalic acid—the ScotchSourock. The Wood-sorrel belongs to the genusOxalis. [O. Fr.sorel(Fr.surelle)—sur, sour; from Old High Ger.sūr(Ger.sauer), sour.]
Sorrel, sor′el,adj.of a reddish-brown colour.—n.a reddish-brown colour. [O. Fr.sor(Fr.saure), sorrel, from Low Ger.soor, dried, withered.]
Sorrow, sor′Å,n.pain of mind: grief: affliction: lamentation: the devil (IrishSorra).—v.i.to feel sorrow or pain of mind: to grieve.—p.adj.Sorr′owed. (Shak.), accompanied with sorrow.—adj.Sorr′owful, full of sorrow: causing, showing, or expressing sorrow: sad: dejected.—adv.Sorr′owfully.—n.Sorr′owfulness.—adj.Sorr′owless, free from sorrow. [A.S.sorg,sorh; Ger.sorge, Ice.sorg.]
Sorry, sor′i,adj.grieved for something past: melancholy: poor: worthless.—adj.Sorr′iest(Shak.), most sorrowful.—adv.Sorr′ily.—n.Sorr′iness. [A.S.sárig, wounded—sár, pain; Dut.zeerig.]
Sort, sort,n.a number of persons or things having like qualities: class, kind, or species: order or rank: manner.—v.t.to separate into lots or classes: to put together: to select: to procure, adapt: to geld: (Scot.) to adjust, put right, dispose, fix: to punish.—v.i.to be joined with others of the same sort: to associate: to suit.—adj.Sort′able, capable of being sorted: (Bacon) suitable, befitting.—ns.Sort′ance(Shak.), suitableness, agreement;Sort′er, one who separates and arranges, as letters;Sort′es, lots used in divination by passages selected by hazard from the Bible, Homer, Virgil, &c.;Sort′ilege, the act or practice of divination by drawing lots;Sorti′tion, the casting of lots;Sort′ment, act of sorting.—In a sort(Shak.), in a manner;In sort, inasmuch as;Out of sorts, out of order, unwell: (print.) with some sorts of type in the font exhausted. [O. Fr.sorte—L.sors,sortis, a lot—serĕre, to join.]
Sortie, sor′tē,n.the issuing of a body of troops from a besieged place to attack the besiegers. [Fr.,—sortir, to go out, to issue—L.surgĕre, to rise up.]
Sorus, sÅ′rus,n.a heap:—pl.SÅ′ri.—adj.SÅ′rose, bearing sori. [Gr.sÅros, a heap.]
So-so, sÅ′-sÅ,adj.neither very good nor very bad: tolerable: indifferent.
Soss, sos,n.a mess, a puddle: a heavy fall.—v.t.to dirty: to throw carelessly about.—v.i.to tumble into a chair, &c.—adv.plump.—v.t.andv.i.Sos′sle, to dabble. [Prob. Gael.sos, a mixture.]
Sostenuto, sos-te-nÅÅ′tÅ,adj.(mus.) sustained, prolonged. [It.]
Sostrum, sos′trum,n.a reward given for saving one's life, a physician's fee. [Gr.,sÅzein, to save.]
Sot, sot,n.one stupefied by drinking: a habitual drunkard.—v.i.to play the sot, to tipple.—adj.Sot′tish, like a sot: foolish: stupid with drink.—adv.Sot′tishly.—n.Sot′tishness. [O. Fr.sot, perh. of Celt. origin; Bret.sod, stupid.]
Sotadean, sot-a-dē′an,adj.pertaining toSotades, a lascivious Greek poet at Alexandria about 276B.C.HisCinœdiwere malicious and indecent satires and travesties of mythology written in Ionic dialect and in a peculiar metre.—n.Sotad′ic, a sotadean verse.
Soteriology, sÅ-tÄ“-ri-ol′Å-ji,n.(theol.) the doctrine of salvation by Jesus Christ.—adjs.Sotē′rial, pertaining to redemption;SotÄ“riolog′ical. [Gr.sÅtÄ“rios, saving—sÅtÄ“r, saviour,logia—legein, to speak.]
Sothic, sÅ′thik,adj.of or pertaining to the dog-starSothisor Sirius.—Sothic cycle, or period, a period of 1460 years;Sothic year, the ancient Egyptian fixed year, according to the heliacal rising of Sirius.
Sotto, sot′tÅ,adv.under, below, as inSotto voce, in an undertone, aside. [It.,—L.subter, under.]
Sou, sÅÅ,n.a French copper coin, the five-centime piece=1â„20th of a franc. [Fr.sou(It.soldo)—L.solidus, a coin.]
Souari, sow-ä′ri,n.a tree of British Guiana yielding a durable timber and edible nuts.
Soubise, sÅÅ-bÄ“z′,n.an 18th-cent. men's cravat. [Fr.]
Soubrette, sÅÅ-bret′,n.a maid-servant in a comedy, conventionally pert, coquettish, and intriguing. [Fr.]
Souchong, sÅÅ-shong′,n.a fine sort of black tea. [Fr.,—Chin.siao, small,chung, sort.]
Souffle, sÅÅ′fl,n.a murmuring sound. [Fr.]
Soufflé, sÅÅ-flÄ′,n.a light dish, consisting of the whites of eggs, with chocolate, cheese, vanilla, &c., whisked into a creamy froth.—adj.prepared in this way. [Fr.,souffler, to blow—L.sufflÄre, to blow.]
Sough, sow, suf, or, as Scot., sÅÅh,v.i.to sigh, as the wind.—v.t.to whine out cantingly.—n.a sighing of the wind: a vague rumour: a whining tone of voice.—Keep a calm sough, to keep quiet. [Prob. Ice.súgr, a rushing sound, or A.S.swógan, to rustle.]
Sough, suf,n.a drain, sewer, mine-adit.—n.Sough′ing-tile, a drain-tile. [Prob. W.soch, a drain.]
Sought, sawt,pa.t.andpa.p.ofseek.
Soul, sÅl,n.that part of man which thinks, feels, desires, &c.: the seat of life and intellect: life: essence: internal power: energy or grandeur of mind: a human being, a person.—ns.Soul′-bell, the passing bell;Soul′-cÅ«r′er(Shak.), a parson.—adjs.Souled, full of soul or feeling;Soul′-fear′ing(Shak.), soul-terrifying;Soul′ful, expressive of elevated feeling.—adv.Soul′fully.—n.Soul′fulness.—adj.Soul′less, without nobleness of mind, mean, spiritless.—ns.Soul′lessness;Soul′-shot,-scot, a funeral payment.—adj.Soul′-sick, morally diseased.—All-souls' Day, the 2d November, when the souls of the faithful departed are commemorated. [M. E.saule—A.S.sáwol; Ger.seele.]
Soum,Sowm, sowm,n.(Scot.) the proportion of sheep or cattle suitable for any pasture: pasture for a certain number of sheep or cattle.—v.i.to determine such. [A form ofsum.]
Sound, sownd,adj.safe, whole, entire: perfect: healthy, strong: profound: correct: orthodox: weighty.—adv.soundly, completely fast, as in sleep.—adv.Sound′ly.—n.Sound′ness. [A.S.gesund; Ger.gesund, and perh. L.sanus, sound.]
Sound, sownd,n.a narrow passage of water: a strait. [A.S.sund, a narrow arm of the sea, fromswimman, to swim; Ger.sund, a strait.]
Sound, sownd,n.the air or swimming bladder of a fish. [A.S.sund, swimming.]
Sound, sownd,v.i.to make a noise: to utter a voice: to spread or be spread: to appear on narration.—v.t.to cause to make a noise: to utter audibly: to direct by a sound or audible signal: to examine by percussion: to publish audibly.—n.the impression produced on the ear by the vibrations of air: noise, particular quality of tone: report, hearing-distance: empty or meaningless noise.—p.adj.Sound′ing, making a sound or noise: having a magnificent sound.—ns.Sound′ing-board,Sound′-board, the thin plate of wood or metal which increases and propagates the sound of a musical instrument: the horizontal board or structure over a pulpit, reading-desk, &c., carrying the speaker's voice towards the audience;Sound′ing-post,Sound′-post, a support set under the bridge of a violin, for propagating the sounds to the body of the instrument.—adj.Sound′less, without sound, silent: not capable of being sounded, unfathomable. [M. E.sounen—O. Fr.soner—L.sonÄre, to sound,sonus, a sound.]
Sound, sownd,v.t.to measure the depth of, esp. with a line and plummet: to probe: to try to discover a man's secret thoughts, wishes, &c.: to test: to introduce an instrument into the bladder to examine it.—v.i.to use the line and lead in ascertaining the depth of water.—n.a probe, an instrument to discover stone in the bladder.—ns.Sound′ing, the ascertaining the depth of water: (pl.) any part of the ocean where a sounding-line will reach the bottom;Sound′ing-lead, the weight at the end of a sounding-line;Sound′ing-line, a line with a plummet at the end for soundings;Sound′ing-rod, a rod for measuring water in a ship's hold. [O. Fr.sonder, to sound; acc. to Diez, from Low L.subundÄre—L.sub, under,unda, a wave.]
Sound, sownd,n.(Spens.) swoon.
Sounder, sown′dėr,n.a herd of swine, a young boar. [A.S.sunor, a herd of swine.]
Soup, sÅÅp,n.the nutritious liquid obtained by boiling meat or vegetables in stock—named from the chief ingredient, as pea-, tomato-, vermicelli-, hare-, oxtail-soup, &c.—ns.Soup′er, a convert for the sake of material benefits;Soup′-kitch′en, a place for supplying soup to the poor gratis or at a nominal price;Soup′-mai′gre, a thin fish or vegetable soup, originally for fast-days;Soup′-tick′et, a ticket authorising the holder to receive soup at a soup-kitchen.—adj.Soup′y. [O. Fr.soupe—Old Dut.sop,zop, broth,soppe,zoppe, a sop.]
Soupçon, soop-song′,n.a suspicion—hence a very small quantity, as of spirits. [Fr.]
Souple, sÅÅp′l,adj.a provincial form ofsupple—denoting raw silk deprived of its silk-glue.
Sour, sowr,adj.having a pungent, acid taste: turned, as milk: rancid: crabbed or peevish in temper: bitter: cold and wet, as soil.—v.t.to make sour or acid: to make cross, peevish, or discontented.—v.i.to become sour or acid: to become peevish or crabbed.—n.Sour′-crout(seeSauer-kraut).—adj.Sour′-eyed, morose-looking.—ns.Sour′-gourd, the cream-of-tartar tree;Sour′ing, vinegar: the crab-apple: the process in bleaching fabrics that follows the treatment with bleaching-powder, consisting in treatment of the fabric with hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, so as to wash out the lime.—adj.Sour′ish, somewhat sour.—adv.Sour′ly, in a sour manner: with acidity: with acrimony: discontentedly.—ns.Sour′ness, the state of being sour: acidity: peevishness: discontent;Sour′-sop, a tree of tropical America and its fruit, closely allied to the custard-apple: (prov.) an ill-natured person. [A.S.súr; Ger.sauer, Ice.súrr.]
Source, sÅrs,n.that from which anything rises or originates: origin: the spring from which a stream flows. [O. Fr.sorse(Fr.source), fromsourdre(It.sorgere)—L.surgÄ•re, to raise up, to rise.]
Sourdeline, sÅÅr′de-lÄ“n,n.a small bagpipe. [Fr.]
Sourdine, sÅÅr-dÄ“n′,n.a stop on the harmonium. [Fr.,—It.sordino,sordo, deaf—L.surdus, deaf.]
Sourock, sÅÅ′rok,n.(Scot.) the common sorrel.
Sous. Same asSou.
Souse, sows,v.t.to strike with sudden violence, as a bird its prey.—v.i.to rush with speed, as a bird on its prey.—n.violent attack, as of a bird striking its prey.—adj.(Shak.) sudden, violent.—adv.with sudden violence, with swift descent downwards.
Souse, sows,n.pickle made of salt: anything steeped in pickle: the ear, feet, &c. of swine pickled.—v.t.to steep in pickle: to plunge into water. [Written alsosouce, a form ofsauce.]
Sout, sowt,n.(Spens.). Same asSoot.
Soutache, sÅÅ-tash′,n.a narrow braid. [Fr.]
Soutane, sÅÅ-tÄn′,n.a cassock. [Fr.,—Low L.subtana—L.subtus, beneath.]
Souter, sÅÅ′tÄ—r,n.(Scot.) a shoemaker, a cobbler—alsoSow′ter,Sou′tar.—adv.Sou′terly. [A.S.sútere(Ice.sútari)—L.sutor—suÄ•re, to sew.]
South, sowth,n.the direction in which the sun appears at noon to the people north of the Tropic of Cancer: any land opposite the north: the Southern States in U.S. history: the side of a church on the right hand of one facing the altar.—adj.lying towards the south.—adv.towards the south.—v.i.to veer towards the south: to cross the meridian of a place.—n.South′-east′, the direction equally distant from the south and east.—adjs.South′-east′,South′-east′erly,South′-east′ern, pertaining to, in the direction of, or coming from the south-east.—n.South′-east′er, a wind from the south-east.—advs.South′-east′ward,-ly, toward the south-east.—n.Souther(sowth′-),a wind from the south.—v.i.to veer toward the south.—adj.Southering(suth′-),turned toward the south, having a southern exposure.—n.Southerliness(suth′-),the condition of being southerly.—adjs.Southerly(suth′-),Southern(suth′-),pertaining to, situated in, or proceeding from or towards the south:—superls.Southermost(suth′-),Southernmost(suth′-),South′most, most southern, farthest towards the south.—n.Southerner(suth′-),an inhabitant of the south, esp. of the Southern States of America.—v.t.andv.i.Southernise(suth′-),to render southern in qualities or character, or to become such.—n.Southernism(suth′-),a form of expression peculiar to the south, esp. the Southern States of America.—adv.Southernly(suth′-),towards the south.—ns.Southernwood(suth′-),an aromatic plant of southern Europe, closely allied to wormwood;Southing(sowth′-),tendency or motion to the south: the time at which the moon passes the meridian;South′land, the south (alsoadj.).—adv.South′ly.—n.South′ness, tendency of a magnetic needle to point toward the south.—adj.Southron(suth′-),southern, esp. English.—n.a native or inhabitant of a southern country or district: an Englishman.—advs.South′ward(also suth′ard),toward the south (alson.andadj.);South′wardly(alsoadj.);South′wards.—n.South′-west′, the direction equally distant from the south and west—adjs.South′-west′,South′-west′erly,South′-west′ern, pertaining to, proceeding from, or lying in the direction of the south-west.—n.South′-west′er, a storm or gale from the south-west: a painted canvas hat with a broad flap behind for the neck (oftenSou′west′er).—South Sea, the Pacific Ocean. [A.S.súth; Ger.süd, Ice.sudhr.]
Southcottian, sowth′kot-i-an,n.a follower of JoannaSouthcott(1750-1814), whose dropsy was taken by many, and perhaps herself, for the gestation of a second Shiloh or Prince of Peace.
Southdown, sowth′down,adj.pertaining to theSouth Downsin Hampshire, the famous breed of sheep so named, or their mutton.—n.this breed of sheep, a sheep of the same, or its mutton.
Southsay,Southsayer, sÅÅth′-. Same asSoothsay, &c.
Souvenir, sÅÅ-ve-nÄ“r′,n.a remembrancer, a keepsake.—n.Souv′enance(Spens.), remembrance, memory. [Fr.,—L.subvenÄ«re, to come up, to come to mind—sub, under,venÄ«re, to come.]
Sovereign, suv′rÄn, orsov′e-rÄn,adj.supreme: possessing supreme power or dominion: superior to all others: utmost: most efficacious—(Milt.)Sov′ran.—n.a supreme ruler: a monarch: a gold coin=20s.—v.t.to rule over as a sovereign.—adj.Sov′ereignest(Shak.), most effectual.—adv.Sov′ereignly, in a sovereign manner: in the highest degree: supremely.—n.Sov′ereignty, supreme power: dominion. [O. Fr.sovrain—Low L.superanus—L.super,supra, above.]
Sow, sow,n.a female pig: the metal solidified in parallel grooves orpigs, the iron of these beingpig-iron: a movable shed for protecting the men using a battering-ram.—ns.Sow′back, a low ridge of sand or gravel;Sow′-bread, a genus of plants, allied to the primrose, natives of the south of Europe, the tubers of which are eaten by swine;Sow′-bug, an air-breathing oniscoid isopod, a pill-bug, slater.—adj.Sow′-drunk(prov.), beastly drunk.—ns.Sow′-geld′er, one who spays sows;Sow′-this′tle, a genus of plants, the tender tops of which are used in the north of Europe as greens. [A.S.sú,sugu; Ger.sau, Ice.sýr; L.sus, Gr.hys.]
Sow, sÅ,v.t.to scatter seed that it may grow: to plant by strewing: to scatter seed over: to spread, disseminate.—v.i.to scatter seed for growth:—pa.p.sown and sowed.—ns.Sow′er;Sow′ing;Sow′ing-machine′, a hand or horse-power seed-planting machine: a broadcast sower. [A.S.sáwan; Ger.säen, Ice.sá, Goth.saian.]
Sowar, sÅ-är′,n.a native horse-soldier in the British Indian army, a mounted attendant. [Hind.sawÄr, a horseman.]
Sowens, sÅ′enz,n.pl.(Scot.) a dish made from the farina remaining among the husks of oats, flummery.—AlsoSow′ans.
Sowl,Sowle, sowl,v.t.(Shak.) to pull by the ears.
Sownd, sownd,v.t.(Spens.) to wield.
Sownd, sownd,n.(Spens.)=swound, the same asSwoon.
Sowne, sown,n.(Spens.). Same asSound.
Sowse, sows,v.andn.(Spens.). Same asSouse, to strike.
Sowth, sowth,v.i.andv.t.(Scot.) to whistle softly, to whistle over a tune.
Soy, soi,n.a thick and piquant sauce made from the seeds of the soy bean or pea, a native of China, Japan, and the Moluccas.—AlsoSoo′ja. [Jap.si-yan, Chin.shi-yu.]
Soyle, soil,n.(Spens.) prey.
Sozzle, soz′l,v.t.to make wet or muddy.—n.disorder.—adj.Sozz′ly, sloppy.
Spa, spaw,n.a place where there is a mineral spring of water. [FromSpain Belgium.]
Space, spÄs,n.extension as distinct from material substances: room: largeness: distance between objects: interval between lines or words in books: quantity of time: distance between two points of time: opportunity, leisure: a short time: interval.—v.t.to make or arrange intervals between.—ns.SpÄ′cer, one who, or that which, spaces: an instrument by which to reverse a telegraphic current, esp. in a marine cable, for increasing the speed of transmission: a space-bar;Space′-writ′er, in journalism, one paid for his articles according to the space they occupy when printed;SpÄ′cing, the act of dividing into spaces, placing at suitable intervals, as in printing, &c.: the space thus made: spaces collectively.—adj.SpÄ′cious, having large space: large in extent: roomy: wide.—adv.SpÄ′ciously.—n.SpÄ′ciousness. [Fr.espace—L.spatium; Gr.spÄn.]
Spacial=Spatial(q.v.).
Spadassin, spad′a-sin,n.a swordsman, a bravo. [Fr.,—It.spadaccino—spada, a sword.]
Spade, spÄd,n.a broad blade of iron with a handle, used for digging: a playing-card of one of the two black suits, shaped like a heart with a triangular handle.—v.t.to dig with a spade.—ns.Spade′-bone, the scapula;Spade′-foot, a scaphiopod or spade-footed toad;Spade′ful, as much as a spade will hold;Spade′-guin′ea, a guinea coined 1787-99, so called from the shield on the reverse side having the shape of the spade in playing-cards.—Call a spade a spade, to call things by their plain names, without softening: to speak out plainly. [A.S.spadu,spædu; L.spatha—Gr.spathÄ“, any broad blade.]
Spade, spÄd,n.a eunuch: a gelding.—AlsoSpÄ′do. [Gr.spadÅn, a eunuch.]
Spadille, spa-dil′,n.the ace of spades in the games of ombre and quadrille.—AlsoSpadil′io. [Fr.,—Sp.espadilla, dim. ofespada, the ace of spades.]
Spadix, spÄ′diks,n.(bot.) a fleshy spike of flowers, usually covered by a leaf called a spathe:—pl.SpÄdī′ces.—adjs.SpÄdic′eous,Spad′icose. [Gr.]
Spadone, spa-dÅ′nÄ“,n.a long heavy sword for both hands.—AlsoSpadroon′. [It.]
Spae, spÄ,v.i.andv.t.(Scot.) to foretell, divine—alsoSpay.—ns.Spae′man;SpÄ′er;Spae′wife, [Scand., Ice.spá; Ger.spähen, to spy.]
Spaghetti, spa-get′ti,n.an Italian cord-like paste intermediate in size between macaroni and vermicelli. [It.,pl.ofspaghetto, dim. ofspago, a cord.]
Spagiric,-al, spa-jir′ik, -al,adj.chemical, according to the chemistry of Paracelsus and his followers.—n.Spagir′ist, a follower of Paracelsus. [Gr.span, to tear,ageirein, to bring together.]
Spahi, spä′hē,n.one of the irregular cavalry of the Turkish armies before the reorganisation of 1836.—AlsoSpa′hee. [Sepoy.]
Spairge, spÄrj,v.t.(Scot.) a form ofsparge, to sprinkle.
Spake, spÄk, oldpa.t.ofspeak.
Spalax, spÄ′laks,n.the typical genus of mole-rats. [Gr.,spalax,sphalax, a mole.]
Spale, spÄl,n.(Scot.) a splinter of wood—alsoSpail: in shipbuilding, a temporary brace, cross-band—alsoSpÄ′ling.
Spall, spawl,n.(Spens.) the shoulder.—AlsoSpald. [O. Fr.espaule—L.spatula, a broad blade.]
Spall, spawl,v.t.andv.i.to split, splinter, to chip.—n.a chip or splinter thrown off.—v.t.andv.i.Spalt, to split off splinters.—adj.brittle.
Spalpeen, spal′pēn,n.a rascal, a mischievous fellow. [Ir.spailpīn.]
Spalt, spalt,n.a scaly whitish mineral, used as a flux for metals. [Ger.spalt-stein—spalten, to split.]
Span, span,n.the space from the end of the thumb to the end of the little-finger when the fingers are extended: nine inches: the spread of an arch between its abutments: a space of time, the full duration of anything: extent of stretch, as the spread of a man's arms, in measuring trees, &c.—v.t.to measure by spans: to measure: to embrace:—pr.p.span′ning;pa.t.andpa.p.spanned.—ns.Span′-coun′ter,Span′-far′thing, a game played by one throwing a coin or counter on the ground, and another trying to throw his so near it that he can span the distance between the two.—adjs.Span′less, that cannot be spanned or measured;Span′-long, of the length of a span.—n.Span′ner, one who spans: an iron tool or lever used to tighten the nuts of screws. [A.S.span—spannan; Ger.spanne—spannen.]
Span, span,n.a yoke of horses or oxen. [Borrowed from Dut.; from the same root as above word.]
Span, span,adv.wholly—inSpan′-new,Spick′-and-span.
Spancel, span′sel,n.a tether for a cow's legs.—v.t.to fasten a cow with such.—adj.Span′celed(her.), hobbled. [Old Dut.spansel.]