Story,Storey, stÅ′ri,n.a division of a house reached by one flight of stairs: a set of rooms on the same floor.—The upper story, the brain. [O. Fr.estoree—estorer—L.instaurÄre, to build.]
Stosh, stosh,n.fish-offal, pomace.
Stot, stot,n.a young ox, a steer. [Ice.stútr, a bull.]
Stot, stot,v.i.(prov.) to stumble.—AlsoStot′ter.
Stound, stownd,n.(Spens.) a stunning influence, a blow, amazement: a shooting pain: a noise: sorrow, grief, mishap: effort.—v.t.to stun, astound. [A contr. ofastound.]
Stound, stownd,n.(Spens.) a moment of time: time, season, hour. [A.S.stund.]
Stound, stownd (Spens.). Same asStunned.
Stoup, stowp,n.(Spens.). Same asStoop(2).
Stour, stowr,n.a tumult, battle, assault: a paroxysm. [O. Fr.estour, tumult.]
Stout, stowt,adj.strong: robust: corpulent: resolute: proud: (B.) stubborn.—n.extra strong porter.—adj.Stout′-heart′ed, having a brave heart.—adv.Stout′-heart′edly.—n.Stout′-heart′edness.—adv.Stout′ly.—n.Stout′ness(B.), stubbornness. [O. Fr.estout, bold—Old Dut.stolt, stout; Ger.stolz, bold.]
Stouthrief, stowth′rēf,n.(Scots law) theft attended with violence—alsoStouth′rie.—n.Stouth′-and-routh(Scot.), plenty, abundance.
Stove, stÅv,n.an apparatus with a fire for warming a room, cooking, &c.: a pottery-kiln: an oven for heating the blast of a blast-furnace: a drying-room.—v.t.to heat or keep warm.—ns.Stove′-pipe, a metal pipe for carrying smoke from a stove to a chimney-flue;Stove′pipe-hat, a high silk hat;Stove′-plant, a plant cultivated in a stove;Stove′-plate, a lid or plate covering one of the holes in a cooking-stove. [A.S.stofa; Ger.stube.]
Stove, stÅv,pa.t.andpa.p.ofstave.
Stover, stÅv′ėr,n.(Shak.) fodder for cattle. [O. Fr.estover, necessity—estover,estoveir, to fit.]
Stow, stÅ,v.t.to place: to arrange: to fill by packing things in: (slang) to put away out of sight: to be silent about.—ns.Stow′age, act of placing in order: state of being laid up: room for articles to be laid away: money paid for stowing goods;Stow′away, one who hides himself in an outward-bound vessel in order to get a passage for nothing;Stow′down, the process of stowing down in a ship's hold;Stow′er, one who stows;Stow′ing, in mining, rubbish thrown into the cavities out of which the ore, coal, &c. have been taken. [M. E.stowen, to place—A.S.stów, a place; cf. Dut.stuwen, to stow, to push, Ger.stauen, to pack.]
Stow, stow,v.t.(Scot.) to cut off, crop.
Stowlins, stÅ′linz,adv.(Scot.) stealthily.
Stown, stown, a Scotch form ofstolen.
Strabismus, strÄ-bis′mus,n.squint.—adjs.Strabis′mal,Strabis′mic,-al.—ns.Strabismom′eter,Strabom′eter, an instrument for measuring strabismus;Strabot′omy, the surgical operation for the cure of squinting, by the division of the muscle or muscles that distort the eyeball. [Gr.,—strabos, squinting—strephein, to twist.]
Straddle, strad′l,v.i.to stride or part the legs wide: to stand or walk with the legs far apart: to seem favourable to both sides in any question that divides opinion into parties, to trim with regard to any controversy.—v.t.to stand or sit astride of.—n.act of straddling: an attempt to fill a non-committal position: a stock-transaction in which the buyer obtains the privilege of either aputor acall: a vertical mine-timber supporting a set.—adv.astride.—adj.Stradd′le-legged, having the legs wide apart. [A freq. from A.S.strǽd,pa.t.ofstrÃdan, stride.]
Stradivarius, strad-i-vÄ′ri-us,n.a violin, esp. one made by the famous AntonioStradivari(1649-1737) of Cremona.
Strae, strÄ,n.(Scot.) straw.—Strae death, death in one's bed from natural causes, as opposed to death by accident, by violence, by the rope, &c.
Straggle, strag′l,v.i.to wander from the course: to ramble: to stretch beyond proper limits: to be dispersed.—ns.Stragg′ler, one who straggles from the course: a wandering fellow: a vagabond: a migratory animal found away from its usual range;Stragg′le-tooth, a misshapen or misplaced tooth.—adv.Stragg′lingly, in a straggling manner.—n.Straggl′ing-mon′ey, money paid for apprehending deserters and men absent without leave: money deducted from the wages of such absentees.—adj.Stragg′ly, straggling, spread out. [Forstrackle, freq. of M. E.straken—A.S.strÃcan, to go.]
Stragulum, strag′ū-lum,n.the mantle or pallium in ornithology. [L., a cover.]
Straight, strÄt,adj.direct: being in a right line: not crooked: nearest: upright: free from disorder: honourable, fair: unqualified, out-and-out: consisting of a sequence at poker: (slang) undiluted, neat, as a dram of whisky, &c., direct, authoritative, reliable.—adv.immediately: in the shortest time.—v.t.to straighten.—n.Straight′-arch, an arch in the form of two sides of an isosceles triangle.—adjs.Straight′away, straight forward;Straight′-cut, cut lengthwise of the leaf, of tobacco.—n.Straight′-edge, a narrow board or piece of metal having one edge perfectly straight for applying to a surface to ascertain whether it be exactly even.—v.t.Straight′en, to make straight.—ns.Straight′ener, one who, or that which, straightens;Straight′-face, a sober, unsmiling face.—adv.Straight′forthdirectly: henceforth.—adj.Straightfor′ward, going forward in a straight course: honest: open: downright.—adv.Straightfor′wardly.—n.Straightfor′wardness, direction in a straight course: undeviating rectitude.—adv.Straight′ly, tightly: closely.—n.Straight′ness, narrowness: tightness.—adjs.Straight′-out, out-and-out;Straight′-pight(Shak.), straight, erect.—adv.Straight′way, directly: immediately: without loss of time. [A.S.streht, pa.p. ofstreccan, to stretch.]
Straik, strÄk,n.a Scotch form ofstroke.
Strain, strÄn,v.t.to stretch tight: to draw with force: to exert to the utmost: to injure by overtasking: to make tight: to constrain, make uneasy or unnatural: to press to one's self, to embrace: to pass through a filter.—v.i.to make violent efforts: to filter.—n.the act of straining: a violent effort: an injury inflicted by straining, esp. a wrenching of the muscles: a note, sound, or song, stretch of imagination, &c.: any change of form or bulk of a portion of matter either solid or fluid, the system of forces which sustains the strain being called thestress: mood, disposition.—ns.Strain′er, one who, or that which, strains: an instrument for filtration: a sieve, colander, &c.;Strain′ing, a piece of leather for stretching as a base for the seat of a saddle.—Strain a point, to make a special effort: to exceed one's duty;Strain at, in Matt. xxiii. 24, a misprint forStrain out. [O. Fr.straindre—L.stringÄ•re, to stretch tight. Cf.StringandStrong.]
Strain, strÄn,n.race, stock, generation: descent: natural tendency, any admixture or element in one's character.—n.Strain′ing-beam, a tie-beam uniting the tops of the queen-posts. [M. E.streen—A.S.gestréon, gain; confused in M. E. with the related M. E.strend—A.S.strynd, lineage.]
Straint, strÄnt,n.(Spens.) violent tension.
Strait, strÄt,adj.difficult: distressful: (obs.strict, rigorous: narrow, so inB.).—n.a narrow pass in a mountain, or in the ocean between two portions of land: difficulty, distress.—v.t.to stretch, tighten: to distress.—v.t.Strait′en, to make strait or narrow: to confine: to draw tight: to distress: to put into difficulties.—adjs.Straight′-heart′ed, stingy;Strait′-laced, rigid or narrow in opinion.—adv.Strait′ly, narrowly: (B.) strictly.—ns.Strait′ness, state of being strait or narrow: strictness: (B.) distress or difficulty;Strait′-waist′coat,Strait′-jack′et, a dress made with long sleeves, which are tied behind, so that the arms are confined. [O. Fr.estreit,estrait(Fr.étroit)—L.strictus,pa.p.ofstringÄ•re, to draw tight.]
Strake, strÄk, obsoletepa.t.ofstrike.
Strake, strÄk,n.one breadth of plank in a ship, either within or without board, wrought from the stem to the sternpost: the hoop or tire of a wheel; (obs.) a bushel: the place where ore is assorted on a mine floor.—AlsoStraik. [A variant ofstreak.]
Stramash, stra-mash′,n.(Scot.) a tumult, disturbance.—v.t.to beat, destroy.
Strammel, stram′el,n.straw.—adj.Stramin′eous, strawy, light like straw.
Stramonium, strÄ-mÅ′ni-um,n.a common narcotic weed of the Nightshade family, called also theThorn-apple,Stink-weed, andJimson-weed—Datura Stramonium: a drug prepared from its seeds and leaves, resembling belladonna, good in asthma.—AlsoStram′ony.
Strand, strand,n.the margin or beach of the sea or of a lake: (Scot.) a rivulet, a gutter.—v.t.to run aground: to be stopped.—v.i.to drift or be driven ashore.—p.adj.Strand′ed, driven on shore: left helpless without further resource. [A.S.strand; Ger.strand, Ice.strönd, border.]
Strand, strand,n.one of the strings or parts that compose a rope.—v.t.to break a strand: to form by uniting strands. [Dut.streen, a skein; Ger.strähne.]
Strange, strÄnj,adj.foreign: belonging to another country: not formerly known, heard, or seen: not domestic: new: causing surprise or curiosity, marvellous: unusual, odd: estranged, reserved: unacquainted with, unversed: not lawfully belonging to one.—adv.Strange′ly.—ns.Strange′ness;StrÄn′ger, a foreigner: one from homed: one unknown or unacquainted: a guest or visitor: one not admitted to communion or fellowship: a popular premonition of the coming of a visitor by a bit of stalk in a cup of tea, guttering in a candle, &c.—Strange woman, a whore. [O. Fr.estrange(Fr.étrange)—L.extraneus—extra, beyond.]
Strangle, strang′gl,v.t.to compress the throat so as to prevent breathing and destroy life: to choke: to hinder from birth or appearance: to suppress.—n.Strang′ler.—n.pl.Strang′les, a contagious eruptive disorder peculiar to young horses.—n.Strang′le-weed, the dodder, the broom-rape.—v.t.Strang′ulate, to strangle: to compress so as to suppress or suspend function.—p.adj.Strang′ulated, having the function stopped by compression: constricted, much narrowed.—n.StrangulÄ′tion, act of strangling: compression of the throat and partial suffocation: the state of a part abnormally constricted. [O. Fr.estrangler(Fr.étrangler)—L.strangulÄre,-Ätum—Gr.strangaloein, to strangle,strangos, twisted.]
Strangury, strang′gū-ri,n.painful retention of, or difficulty in discharging, urine.—adj.Strangū′rious. [L.stranguria—Gr.strangx, a drop, fromstranggein, to squeeze,ouron, urine.]
Strap, strap,n.a narrow strip of cloth or leather: a razor-strop: an iron plate secured by screw-bolts, for connecting two or more timbers: (naut.) a piece of rope formed into a circle, used to retain a block in its position: (slang) credit, esp. for liquor.—v.t.to beat or bind with a strap: to strop, as a razor: (Scot.) to hang:—pr.p.strap′ping;pa.t.andpa.p.strapped.—n.Strap′-game, the swindling game better known asPrick-the-garter,Fast-and-loose.—n.pl.Strap′-mounts, the buckles, &c., fitted on leather straps.—ns.Strap′-oil, a thrashing;Strap′per, one who works with straps, esp. one who harnesses horses: something big, a tall large person;Strap′ping, the act of fastening with a strap: materials for straps: a thrashing.—adj.tall, handsome.—adj.Strap′-shaped, shaped like a strap, ligulate.—n.Strap′-work(archit.), ornamentation consisting of crossed and interlaced fillets or bands. [Orig.strop, from A.S.stropp—L.struppus; cf. Gr.strophos, a twisted band.]
Strappado, strap-Ä′do,n.(Shak.) a punishment which consisted in pulling the victim to the top of a beam and letting him fall so as to break his bones.—v.t.(Milt.) to torture or punish by the strappado. [It.strappata—strappare, to pull.]
Strass, stras,n.paste for making false gems. [J.Strasser.]
Strata, strÄ′ta,pl.ofstratum.
Stratagem, strat′a-jem,n.an artifice, esp. in war: a plan for deceiving an enemy or gaining an advantage: any artifice generally.—adjs.Strateget′ic,-al,Strateg′ic,-al, pertaining to, or done by, strategy.—adv.Strateget′ically.—ns.Strateget′ics,Strat′egy, generalship, or the art of conducting a campaign and manœuvring an army: artifice or finesse generally.—adv.Strateg′ically.—n.Strat′egist, one skilled in strategy. [Fr.,—L.stratagema—Gr.stratēgēma—stratēgos, a general—stratos, an army,agein, to lead.]
Strath, strath,n.in Scotland, an extensive valley through which a river runs. [Gael.srath, a valley—L.strata, a street.]
Strathspey, strath′spÄ,n.a Scotch dance, allied to and danced alternately with the reel, differing from it in being slower, and abounding in the jerky motion of dotted notes and semiquavers (when the latter precede the former it constitutes theScotch snap), while the reel is almost entirely in smooth, equal, gliding motion: the music for a strathspey, or its movement. [Strathspey, valley of theSpey.]
Stratify, strat′i-fÄ«,v.t.to form or lay in strata or layers:—pr.p.strat′ifying;pa.t.andpa.p.strat′ifÄ«ed.—adj.Stratic′ulate, arranged in thin layers.—n.StratificÄ′tion, act of stratifying: state of being stratified: process of being arranged in layers.—adj.Strat′iform, in the form of strata. [Fr.stratifier—L.stratum,facÄ•re, to make.]
Stratiotes, strat′i-Å-tÄ“z,n.the water-soldier. See underSoldier. [Gr.stratiÅtes, a soldier.]
Stratocracy, strÄ-tok′ra-si,n.military despotism. [Gr.stratos, an army,kratein, to rule.]
Stratography, strÄ-tog′ra-fi,n.description of an army and whatever pertains to it.—adjs.Stratograph′ic,-al.—adv.Stratograph′ically. [Gr.stratos, an army,graphein, to write.]
Stratum, strÄ′tum,n.a bed of earth or rock formed by natural causes, and consisting usually of a series of layers: any bed or layer:—pl.StrÄ′ta.—adj.Strat′iform, formed like strata.—ns.Stratig′rapher,Stratig′raphist, a student of stratigraphical geology.—adjs.Stratigraph′ic,-al, concerned with the relative position of the strata forming the earth's crust.—adv.Stratigraph′ically.—n.Stratig′raphy, the order and position of the stratified groups: the study or description of these, descriptive geology.—adj.StrÄ′tose, arranged in layers, stratified.—n.pl.Strat′ūla. thin layers in rock-strata. [L.stratum—sternÄ•re,stratum, to spread out.]
Stratus, strÄ′tus,n.the fall or night-cloud, the lowest of clouds, a widely-extended horizontal sheet, of varied thickness.—ns.StrÄ′to-cir′rus, betterCirro-stratus(seeCirrus);StrÄ′to-cū′mulus, betterCumulo-stratus(seeCumulus). [L.stratus, a coverlet—sternÄ•re,stratum, to spread.]
Straught, strawt, obsoletepa.t.andpa.p.ofstretch.
Straunge, strawnj.adj.(Spens.), same asStrange: foreign, borrowed.
Stravaig, stra-vÄg′,v.i.(Scot.) to wander about idly.—n.Stravaig′er. [Cf.Extravagant.]
Straw, straw,n.the stalk on which corn grows, and from which it is thrashed: a quantity of these when thrashed: anything worthless, the least possible thing.—ns.Straw′berry, the delicious and fragrant fruit of any of the species of the genusFragaria, the plant itself;Straw′berry-leaf, a symbolic ornament on the coronets of dukes, marquises, and earls—inpl.a dukedom;Straw′berry-mark, a soft reddish nævus or birth-mark;Straw′berry-tree, a species of Arbutus, which produces a fruit resembling the strawberry;Straw′-board, a kind of mill-board or thick card-board, made of straw after it has been boiled with lime or soda to soften it;Straw′-col′our, the colour of dry straw, a delicate yellow.—adj.Straw′-col′oured, of the colour of dry straw, of a delicate yellowish colour.—ns.Straw′-cut′ter, an instrument for chopping straw for fodder;Straw′-embroi′dery, embroidery done by sewing straw on net;Straw′-house, a house for holding thrashed straw;Straw′ing(slang), the sale of straws on the streets in order to cover the giving to the purchaser of things forbidden to be sold, as indecent books, &c.;Straw′-plait, a narrow band of plaited wheat-straw, used in making straw hats, bonnets, &c.;Straw′-stem, the fine stem of a wine-glass pulled out from the material of the bowl, instead of being attached separately: a wine-glass having such a stem.—adj.Straw′y, made of, or like, straw.—Man of straw(see underMan). [A.S.streaw; Ger.stroh, from the root ofstrew.]
Strawed(B.), for strewed,pa.t.andpa.p.ofstrew.
Stray, strÄ,v.i.to wander: to go from the enclosure, company, or proper limits: to err: to rove: to deviate from duty or rectitude.—v.t.(Shak.) to cause to stray.—n.a domestic animal that has strayed or is lost: a straggler, a waif, a truant: the act of wandering.—adj.Strayed, wandering, astray.—ns.Stray′er, one who strays, a wanderer;Stray′ling, a little waif or stray. [O. Fr.estraier, to wander—estree, a street—L.strata, a street.]
Strayne, strÄn,v.t.(Spens.) to stretch out, to embody or express in strains. [Strain.]
Strayt, strÄt,n.(Spens.) a street.
Streak, strÄ“k,n.a line or long mark different in colour from the ground, a band of marked colour of some length, a stripe: a slight characteristic, a trace, a passing mood: (min.) the appearance presented by the surface of a mineral when scratched: a strake or line of planking: a short piece of iron forming one section of a pieced tire on the wheel of an artillery-carriage.—v.t.to form streaks in: to mark with streaks.—adj.Streaked, streaky, striped: (U.S.) confused.—n.Streak′iness.—adj.Streak′y, marked with streaks, striped: uneven in quality. [A.S.strica, a stroke—strÃcan, to go, Ger.strich; cf.Strike. Skeat makes it Scand., Sw.strek, Dan.streg, a dash.]
Streak, strēk,v.t.(Scot.) to lay out a corpse for burial.—v.i.to stretch out.
Streak, strēk,v.i.(U.S.) to run swiftly.
Stream, strēm,n.a current of water, air, or light, &c.: anything flowing out from a source: anything forcible, flowing, and continuous: drift, tendency.—v.i.to flow in a stream: to pour out abundantly: to be overflown with: to issue in rays: to stretch in a long line.—v.t.to discharge in a stream: to wave.—ns.Stream′er, an ensign or flag streaming or flowing in the wind: a luminous beam shooting upward from the horizon;Stream′-gold, placer-gold, the gold of alluvial districts;Stream′-ice, pieces of drift ice swept down in a current;Stream′iness, streamy quality;Stream′ing, the working of alluvial deposits for the ores contained.—adj.Stream′less, not watered by streams.—ns.Stream′let,Stream′ling, a little stream;Stream′-tin, disintegrated tin-ore found in alluvial ground.—adj.Stream′y, abounding in streams: flowing in a stream. [A.S.streám; Ger.straum, Ice.straumr.]
Street, strēt,n.a road in a town lined with houses, broader than a lane: those who live in a street: the part of the street for vehicles: the body of brokers.—ns.Street′age, toll for the use of a street;Street′car, a passenger-car on the streets of a city, drawn by horses, cable traction, or electricity;Street′-door, the door of a house which opens upon a street;Street′-rail′road, a railroad or tramway constructed on a public street;Street′-sweep′er, one who, or that which, sweeps the streets clean;Street′-walk′er, a whore who prowls about the streets;Street′-ward, an officer who formerly took care of the streets;Street′-way, the roadway. [A.S.strǽt(Dut.straat, Ger.strasse, It.strada)—L.strata(via), a paved (way), fromsternĕre,stratum, to strew.]
Streight, strÄt,adj.(Spens.) narrow, strict, close.—adv.strictly, closely.—n.same asStrait.—adv.Streight′ly=Straitly.—n.Streight′ness=Straitness.
Strelitz, strel′its,n.one of the ancient Muscovite guards, a kind of hereditary standing army, abolished by Peter the Great.
Strelitzia, strel-it′si-a,n.a genus of South African plants of the banana family, with large showy flowers—Strelitzia Reginæ, alsoQueen-plant,Bird-of-Paradise flower—with fine orange and purple flowers. [From Queen Charlotte, wife of George III., of the house of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.]
Strene, strēn,n.(obs.) race, offspring. [Strain.]
Strength, strength,n.quality of being strong: power of any kind, active or passive: force, vigour, violence: solidity or toughness: power to resist attack: excellence, boldness of conception or treatment: the required consistency or degree of the essential element in any compound: intensity: brightness: validity: vigour of style or expression: security: amount of force: potency of liquors: available force or support: a fortification, stronghold.—v.t.Strength′en, to make strong or stronger: to confirm: to encourage: to increase in power or security.—v.i.to become stronger.—n.Strength′ener, one who, or that which, supplies strength.—adjs.Strength′ening, invigorating;Strength′less, without strength.—On the strength, on the muster-rolls of;On, orUpon,the strength of, in reliance upon.—Proof-strength(see underProof). [A.S.strengthu—strang, strong.]
Strenuous, stren′ū-us,adj.active: vigorous: urgent: zealous: bold: necessitating exertion.—n.Strenuos′ity, strenuousness: a straining after effect.—adv.Stren′uously.—n.Stren′uousness. [L.strenuus, akin to Gr.strēnēs, strong.]
Strepent, strep′ent,adj.(rare) noisy. [L.strepĕre, to make a noise.]
Strepera, strep′e-ra,n.an Australian genus of corvine passerine birds, the crow-shrikes.—adj.Strep′erine. [L.strepĕre, to make a noise.]
Strephon, stref′on,n.a love-sick shepherd in Sir Philip Sidney'sArcadia, hence a love-sick swain generally.—n.Streph′onade, a love-song.
Strepitant, strep′i-tant,adj.loud, noisy.
Strepitoso, strep-i-tÅ′zÅ,adv.(mus.) in a loud, boisterous manner.
Stress, stres,n.force: pressure: urgency: strain: violence, as of the weather: the relative loudness or emphasis with which certain syllables are pronounced, accent: weight, importance: (mech.) force exerted in any direction or manner between two bodies—the greatest stress which a substance will bear without being torn asunder being its ultimate strength.—v.t.to constrain: lay stress on: to emphasise. [O. Fr.estrecir, from L.strictus,stringĕre, to draw tight.]
Stress, stres,n.distress: legal distraining.
Stretch, strech,v.t.to extend: to draw out: to expand: to reach out: to exaggerate, strain, or carry further than is right: to cause to lie at full length: (slang) to hang.—v.i.to be drawn out: to be extended: to extend without breaking: to exaggerate.—n.act of stretching: effort: struggle: reach: extension: state of being stretched: utmost extent of meaning: course: one single uninterrupted sitting, turn, &c.: (slang) a year's imprisonment.—ns.Stretch′er, anything used for stretching, as gloves, hats, &c.: a frame on which a painter's canvas is stretched by means of wedges forced into the corners: a frame for carrying the sick or dead: a footboard for a rower;Stretch′er-bond, a method of building in which bricks or stones are laid lengthwise in successive courses, the joints of the one falling at the middle of that above and below;Stretch′ing-course, a course of bricks or stones having all the faces outward;Stretch′ing-frame, a machine for stretching cotton rovings before being spun into yarn: a frame on which starched fabrics are dried;Stretch′ing-ī′ron, a currier's tool for dressing leather.—adj.Stretch′y, apt to stretch too much: liable to stretch one's self from weariness. [A.S.streccan—strec,stræc, strong; cf. Ger.strack, straight.]
Strew, strÅÅ,v.t.to spread by scattering: to scatter loosely:—pa.p.strewed or strewn.—ns.Strew′ing, act of scattering or spreading over: anything fit to be strewed: (Shak.) litter for cattle;Strew′ment(Shak.), anything strewed or scattered in decoration. [A.S.streowian; Ger.streuen, L.sternÄ•re.]
Stria, strī′a,n.a stripe or streak, a small channel or thread-like line running parallel to another: (archit.) one of the fillets between the flutes of columns, &c.:—pl.Strī′æ(Ä“).—v.t.StrÄ«Äte′, to score, stripe.—adjs.Strī′Äte,-d, marked with striæ or small parallel channels.—ns.StrÄ«Ä′tion;StrÄ«Ä′tum, thecorpus striatum, the great ganglion of the fore-brain;Strī′ature, mode of striation. [L.stria, a streak,striÄre,-Ätum, to furrow.]
Strich,Strick, strik,n.(Spens.) the screech-owl. [L.strix,strigis.]
Stricken, strik′n (B.),pa.p.of strike.—Stricken in years, advanced in years.—A stricken hour, an hour as marked by the clock.
Strickle, strik′l,n.a straight-edge for levelling the top of a measure of grain: a template.—AlsoStrick′ler.
Strict, strikt,adj.exact: extremely nice: observing exact rules, regular: severe: restricted, taken strictly: thoroughly accurate: tense, stiff: closely intimate: absolute, unbroken: constricted.—n.Stric′tion.—adv.Strict′ly, narrowly, closely, rigorously, exclusively.—ns.Strict′ness;Strict′ure(surg.), an unnatural contraction, either congenital or acquired, of a mucous canal, such as the urethra, œsophagus, or intestine: an unfavourable criticism: censure: critical remark. [L.strictus, pa.p. ofstringĕre, to draw tight. Cf.StrainandStringent.]
Striddle, strid′l,v.i.(prov.) to straddle.
Stride, strÄ«d,v.i.to walk with long steps: to straddle.—v.t.to pass over at a step: to bestride, ride upon:—pa.t.strÅde (obs.strid);pa.p.strid′den.—n.a long step, the space passed over in such. [A.S.strÃdan, to stride; Ger.streiten, strive.]
Strident, strī′dent,adj.creaking, grating, harsh.—adv.Strī′dently.—n.Strī′dor, a harsh sound.—adj.Strid′ūlant, strident.—n.pl.StridÅ«lan′tia, a group of hemipterous insects, the cicadas.—v.i.Strid′ūlate, to make a stridulous sound.—ns.StridÅ«lÄ′tion, the act of stridulating;Strid′ūlÄtor, an insect which emits such a sound.—adjs.Strid′ūlÄtory, stridulant;Strid′ūlous, emitting a harsh creaking sound. [L.stridens,-entis, pr.p. ofstridÄ“re, to creak.]
Strife, strīf,n.contention for superiority: struggle for victory: contest: discord.—adj.Strife′ful(Spens.), full of strife, contentious, discordant—alsoStrif′ful. [M. E.strif—O. Fr.estrif—Scand., Ice.strith, strife; Ger.streit, Dut.strijd, strife.]
Strig, strig,n.the footstalk of a flower or leaf.—v.t.to strip this off.
Striga, strī′ga,n.(bot.) a sharp bristle or hair-like scale: a stripe, stria: the flute of a column:—pl.Strī′gæ.—adjs.Strī′gate,Strī′gose, having strigæ: streaked;Strig′ilose, minutely strigose. [L.striga, a furrow—stringĕre, to contract.]
Striges, strī′jez,n.pl.the owls orStrigidæ, a sub-order ofRaptores.—adj.Strig′ine, owl-like. [L.strix,strigis, an owl.]
Strigil, strij′il,n.a flesh-scraper. [L.strigilis, a scraper—stringĕre, to contract.]
Strigilis, strij′i-lis,n.an organ for cleaning the antennæ on the first tarsal-joint of a bee's foreleg.
Strigops, strī′gops,n.a genus containing the kakapo or nocturnal New Zealand parrot, the owl-parrots. [L.strix,strigis, owl, Gr.Åps, face.]
Strike, strÄ«k,v.t.to give a blow to: to hit with force, to smite: to pierce: to dash: to stamp: to coin: to thrust in: to cause to sound: to let down, as a sail: to ground upon, as a ship: to punish: to affect strongly: to affect suddenly with alarm or surprise: to make a compact or agreement, to ratify: to take down and remove: to erase (without,off): to come upon unexpectedly: to occur to: to appear to: to assume: to hook a fish by a quick turn of the wrist: (slang) to steal: (B.) to stroke.—v.i.to give a quick blow: to hit: to dash: to sound by being struck: to touch: to run aground: to pass with a quick effect: to dart: to take root: to lower the flag in token of respect or surrender: to give up work in order to secure higher wages or the redress of some grievance: (U.S.) to do menial work for an officer: to become saturated with salt: to run, or fade in colour:—pa.t.struck;pa.p.struck (obs.strick′en).—n.act of striking for higher wages: (geol.) the direction of the outcrop of a stratum—the line which it makes when it appears at the surface of the earth, always being at right angles to the dip of the bend: (U.S.) any dishonest attempt to extort money by bringing in a bill in the hope of being bought off by those interested: full measure, esp. of malt: the whole coinage made at one time: an imperfect matrix for type: the metal plate into which a door-latch strikes as the door closes: the crystalline appearance of hard soaps.—ns.Strike′-pay, an allowance paid by a trades-union to men on strike;StrÄ«k′er, one who, or that which, strikes: a green-hand on shipboard.—adj.StrÄ«k′ing, affecting: surprising: forcible: impressive: exact.—adv.StrÄ«k′ingly.—n.StrÄ«k′ingness, quality of being striking, or of affecting or surprising.—Strike a balance, to bring out the relative state of a debtor and creditor account;Strike a tent, to take it down;Strike down, to prostrate by a blow or by illness;Strike for, to start suddenly for;Strike from, to remove with a stroke;Strike hands(B.), to become surety for any one;Strike home, to strike right to the point aimed at;Strike in, to enter suddenly: to interpose;Strike into, to enter upon suddenly, to break into;Strike off, to erase from an account, to deduct: to print: to separate by a blow;Strike oil, to find petroleum when boring for it: to make a lucky hit;Strike out, to efface: to bring into light: to direct one's course boldly outwards: to strike from the shoulder: to form by sudden effort;Strike sail, to take in sail: to stop;Strike up, to begin to beat, sing, or play;Strike work, to cease work. [A.S.strÃcan; Ger.streichen, to move, to strike.]
String, string,n.a small cord or slip of anything for tying, small cord, twine: a ribbon: nerve, tendon, a vegetable fibre: the chord (slender piece of wire or catgut stretched) of a musical instrument: (pl.) stringed instruments collectively: a cord on which things are filed, a succession or series of things: a drove of horses: in billiards, the buttons strung on a wire by which the score is kept, the score itself: an expedient, object in view or of pursuit: the highest range of planks in a ship's ceiling.—v.t.to supply with strings: to put in tune: to put on a string: to make tense or firm: to take the strings off.—v.i.to stretch out into a long line: to form itself into strings: at billiards, to drive the ball against the end of the table and back, in order to determine which player is to open the game:—pa.t.andpa.p.strung.—ns.String′-band, a band composed chiefly of stringed instruments;String′-board, a board which faces the well-hole of a staircase, and receives the ends of the steps;String′-course, a projecting horizontal course or line of mouldings running quite along the face of a building.—adj.Stringed, having strings.—ns.String′er, one who, or that which, strings: a lengthwise timber on which a rail is fastened resting on a transverse cross-tie or sleeper: any main lengthways timber in a bridge or other building: a small screw-hook to which piano-strings are sometimes attached: (naut.) a shelf-piece, an inside horizontal plank, supporting beam-ends, any heavy timber similarly carried round a vessel to strengthen her for special heavy service, as whaling, &c.;String′iness.—adj.String′less, having no strings.—ns.String′-or′gan, a reed-organ having a graduated set of vibrators or free reeds connected by rods which cause to vibrate corresponding wires or strings stretched over a sounding-board;String′-pea, a pea with edible pods;String′-piece, a supporting timber forming the edge of the framework of a floor or staircase, &c.;String′-plate; a metal plate bearing the spring-block of a pianoforte.—adj.String′y, consisting of strings or small threads: fibrous: capable of being drawn into strings.—n.String′y-bark, one of a class of Australian gum-trees with very fibrous bark.—Harp upon one string(see underHarp);Have one on a string, to gain complete influence or control over some one: to place a person under great anxiety;Have two strings to one's bow, to have more than one expedient for attaining the object in view. [A.S.strenge, cord—strang, strong; Dut.streng, Ice.strengr, Ger.strang; conn. with L.stringĕre, to draw tight.]
Stringent, strin′jent,adj.binding strongly: urgent.—n.Strin′gency, state or quality of being stringent: severe pressure.—advs.Stringen′do(mus.) hastening the time;Strin′gently, in a stringent manner.—n.Strin′gentness. [L.stringens,-entis, pr.p. ofstringĕre.]
Stringhalt, string′hawlt,n.a peculiar catching up of a horse's limbs, usually of one or both hind-limbs, a variety of chorea or St Vitus's dance.
Strinkle, string′kl,v.t.andv.i.(Scot.) to sprinkle sparingly.—n.Strink′ling. [Sprinkle.]
Strip, strip, v.t to pull off in strips or stripes: to tear off: to deprive of a covering: to skin, to peel, to husk: to make bare: to expose: to remove the overlying earth from a deposit: to deprive: to impoverish or make destitute: to plunder: to press out the last milk at a milking: to press out the ripe roe or milt from fishes, for artificial fecundation: to separate the leaves of tobacco from the stems.—v.i.to undress: to lose the thread, as a screw: to come off:—pr.p.strip′ping;pa.t.andpa.p.stripped.—n.a long narrow piece of anything (cf.Stripe).—ns.Strip′leaf, tobacco which has been stripped of the stalks before packing;Strip′per, one who, or that which, strips.—n.pl.Strip′pings, the last milk drawn from a cow at a milking.—Strip off, to pull or take off: to cast off. [A.S.strýpan; Ger.streifen.]
Stripe, strīp,n.a blow, esp. one made with a lash, rod, &c.: a wale or discoloured mark made by a lash or rod: a line, or long narrow division of a different colour from the ground: kind, particular sort: striped cloth.—v.t.to make stripes upon: to form with lines of different colours.—adjs.Strīped, having stripes of different colours;Strī′py, stripelike. [Old Dut.strijpe, a stripe in cloth; Dut.streep, Low Ger.stripe, Ger.streif.]
Stripling, strip′ling,n.a youth: one yet growing. [Dim. ofstrip.]
Strive, strÄ«v,v.i.to make efforts (withwith,against,for): to endeavour earnestly: to labour hard: to struggle, to fight: to contend: to aim:—pa.t.strÅve;pa.p.striv′en.—ns.StrÄ«v′er;StrÄ«v′ing.—adv.StrÄ«v′ingly, with striving, struggles, or earnest efforts. [O. Fr.estriver—estrif, strife—Scand., Ice.strÃdh, strife.]
Strix, striks,n.a genus typical ofStrigidæ. [L.strix—Gr.strix, a screech-owl.]
Stroam, strÅm,v.i.(prov.) to wander idly about.
Strob, strob,n.the angular velocity of one radian per second.—adj.Strob′ic, seeming to spin. [Gr.strobos—strephein, to twist.]
Strobila, stro-bī′la,n.a discomedusan at the stage succeeding the scyphistoma: a segmented tapeworm.—adj.StrobilÄ′ceous.—v.i.Strob′ilate.—n.StrobilÄ′tion. [Gr.strobilÄ“, a twisted plug of lint.]
Strobile, strob′il,n.(bot.) a cone—alsoStrob′ilus.—adjs.Strobilif′erous;Strobil′iform;Strob′iline;Strob′iloid.
Stroboscope, strob′Å-skÅp,n.an apparatus for observing periodic motion by throwing light at intervals on the rotating body.—adj.Stroboscop′ic. [Gr.strobos, a turning,skopein, to see.]
Strode, strÅd,pa.t.ofstride.
Stroke, strÅk,n.a blow: a sudden attack: calamity: the sound of a clock: a dash in writing: the sweep of an oar in rowing, the aftmost oar of a boat: the movement of the piston of a steam-engine: the touch of a pen or pencil: any characteristic feature: an effective action, a feat, a masterly effort: a mental act, the action of any faculty of the mind.—v.t.andv.i.to act as stroke for, to row the stroke-oar of a boat.—n.Stroke′-oar, the aftmost oar in a boat, or its rower, whose stroke leads the rest. [A.S.strác, pa.t. ofstrÃcan, to strike.]
Stroke, strÅk,v.t.to rub gently in one direction: to rub gently in kindness.—ns.StrÅk′er;StrÅk′ing. [A.S.strácian, a causal ofstrÃcan, as above; cf. Ger.streicheln, to stroke, fromstreichen, to rub.]
Stroke, strÅk, obsoletepa.p.ofstrike.
Stroken, strÅk′n (Spens.), struck. [Strike.]
Stroll, strÅl,v.i.to ramble idly or leisurely: to wander on foot.—n.a leisurely walk: a wandering on foot.—n.Stroll′er. [Skeat explains as formerlystroule,stroyle, a contracted form, as if forstrugle. Freq. of Dan.stryge, to stroll, Sw.stryka, to stroke, also to ramble. Allied tostrike.]
Stroma, strÅ′ma,n.the subtentacular tissue or substance of an organ or cell: in fungi, the substance in which the perithecia are immersed: the solid mass left after all liquid is expressed from protoplasm.—adjs.Stromat′ic;StrÅ′matiform;StrÅ′matous. [Gr.strÅma, a covering.]
Stromatology, strÅm-a-tol′Å-ji,n.the history of the formation of the stratified rocks. [Gr.strÅma, a covering,logos, discourse.]
Strombus, strom′bus,n.a genus of marine gasteropods, typical of the familyStrombidæ, their shells, often called conch-shells, frequently used as decorative objects and in the manufacture of cameos. [Gr.strombos, a pine-cone.]
Strond, strond,n.(Shak.) the strand, beach.
Strong, strong,adj.firm: having physical power: hale, healthy: able to endure: solid: well fortified: having wealth or resources: moving with rapidity: impetuous: earnest: having great vigour, as the mind: forcible: energetic, determined, positive: affecting the senses, as smell and taste, forcibly offensive or intense in quality, pungent: loud, stentorian: hard, indigestible: having a quality in a great degree: intoxicating, rich in alcohol: bright: intense: well established, firm, steadily going upward without fluctuation: (gram.) inflecting by a change of radical vowel instead of by syllabic addition.—n.Strong′hold, a place strong to hold out against attack: a fastness or fortified place: a fortress.—adj.Strong′-knit, firmly jointed or compacted.—adv.Strong′ly.—adj.Strong′-mind′ed, having a vigorous mind: unfeminine, applied to women who unsex themselves to obtain the freedom of men.—ns.Strong′-mind′edness;Strong′-room, a firmly secured place where valuables are stored;Strong′-wa′ter, ardent spirits.—Strong escape(Shak.), an escape accomplished by strength. [A.S.strang, strong; Ice.strangr, Ger.streng, tight.]
Strongyle, stron′jil,n.a strongyloid nematode worm.—adj.Stron′gyloid. [Gr.strongylos, round.]
Strontium, stron′shi-um,n.a yellowish, ductile, malleable metal somewhat harder than lead, existing as a carbonate in the mineralStrontianite(first found in 1790 nearStrontianin Argyllshire), and as a sulphate in the mineral known asCelestine.—ns.Stron′tia, the oxide of strontium—alsoStron′tian;Stron′tianite, carbonate of strontia.
Strook, strÅÅk (Milt.) obsoletepa.t.andpa.p.ofstrike.
Strop, strop,n.a strip of leather, or of wood covered with leather, &c., for sharpening razors.—v.t.to sharpen on a strop:—pr.p.strop′ping;pa.t.andpa.p.stropped. [Older form ofstrap.]
Strophanthus, strÅ-fan′thus,n.a genus of tropical African and Asiatic plants of orderApocynaceæ, often climbers, the seeds of several species in Africa yielding arrow-poison, those ofS. hispidusyielding an extremely poisonous bitter principle,Strophan′thin, whose medicinal action is very similar to that of Digitalis. [Gr.strophos, twisted band,anthos, flower.]
Strophe, strÅf′e,n.in the ancient drama, the song sung by the chorus while dancing towards one side of the orchestra, to which its reverse, theantistrophe, answers.—adj.Stroph′ic. [Gr.]
Strophiole, strof′i-Ål,n.(bot.) an aril-like appendage growing from theraphein the fruits of Viola, &c.—adjs.Stroph′iolate,-d. [Gr.strophion, dim. ofstrophos, a twisted band.]
Strossers, stros′ėrz,n.(Shak.) trousers. [A form oftrossers=trousers.]
Strouding, strowd′ing,n.a coarse, warm cloth or blanketing.
Stroup, strÅÅp,n.(Scot.) a spout, nozzle.
Strout, strowt,v.t.(Bacon) to strut, to cause to project or swell out.
Strove, strÅv,pa.t.ofstrive.
Strow, strÅ, same asStrew:—pa.p.strÅwed or strÅwn.
Stroy, stroi,v.t.(Shak.) to destroy.
Strub, strub,v.t.andv.i.(prov.) to rob.
Struck,Strucken,pa.t.andpa.p.ofstrike.
Structure, struk′tÅ«r,n.manner of building: construction: a building, esp. one of large size: arrangement of parts or of particles in a substance: manner of organisation: an organic form.—adj.Struc′tÅ«ral, morphological.—n.StructÅ«ralisÄ′tion.—adv.Struc′tÅ«rally, in a structural manner.—adjs.Struc′tured, having a certain structure;Struc′tureless.—adv.Struc′turely, in structure, by construction.—n.Struc′tÅ«rist, one who rears structures. [L.structura—struÄ•re,structum, to build.]
Struggle, strug′l,v.i.to make great efforts with contortions of the body: to make great exertions: to contend: to labour in pain: to be in agony or distress.—n.a violent effort with contortions of the body: great labour: agony.—n.Strugg′ler, one who struggles, strives, or contends. [Skeat explains M. E.strogelenas a weakened form of an assumedstrokelen, a freq. verb, from Ice.strok-, stem ofstrokinn, pa.p. ofstrjúka, to strike; cf. Ice.strokka, to churn, also Sw.stryka, to strike.]
Struldbrug, struld′brug,n.one of a class of immortals inGulliver's Travels, born with a special mark in the forehead, kept by the public after eighty.
Strum, strum,v.t.to play on (as a musical instrument) in a coarse, noisy manner:—pr.p.strum′ming;pa.t.andpa.p.strummed. [A variant ofthrum.]
Struma, strÅÅ′ma,n.scrofula:—pl.Stru′mæ.—adjs.Strumat′ic,Stru′mous, having scrofula: scrofulous—alsoStrumÅse′;Strumif′erous, bearing strumæ or swellings;Stru′miform, having the form of a struma.—ns.Strumī′tis, inflammation of the thyroid gland;StrumÅ′sis, production of struma;Stru′mousness. [L.strumosus—struma, scrofula.]
Strumpet, strum′pet,n.a whore.—adj.like a strumpet: inconstant: false.—v.t.to make a strumpet of: to call a strumpet. [O. Fr.strupe,stupre—L.stuprum, dishonour,struprÄre, to debauch.]
Strung, strung,pa.t.andpa.p.ofstring.
Strunt, strunt,v.i.(Scot.) to strut.
Strunt, strunt,n.(Scot.) spirits, a dram of such: a sulky fit.
Strut, strut,v.i.to walk in a pompous manner: to walk with affected dignity:—pr.p.strut′ting;pa.t.andpa.p.strut′ted.—n.a proud step or walk: affectation of dignity in walking.—n.Strut′ter, one who struts.—adv.Strut′tingly, in a strutting manner. [Scand., Dan.strutte, to strut; Low Ger.strutt, rigid; Ger.strotzen, to be puffed up.]
Strut, strut,n.a support for a rafter: an instrument for adjusting the plaits of a ruff.—v.t.to brace.
Struthio, strÅÅ′thi-Å,n.the sole genus ofStruthionidæ, the African ostriches.—adjs.Stru′thionine,Stru′thious. [L.,—Gr.strouthiÅn, an ostrich.]
Strychnine, strik′nin,n.a poisonous alkaloid occurring in crystals, intensely bitter, colourless and inodorous, obtained from the seeds of nux vomica—alsoStrych′nia.—adj.Strych′nic.—ns.Strych′ninism, the condition produced by a poisonous dose of strychnine;Strych′nism, the morbid state of the spinal cord produced by strychnine. [Gr.strychnos, a kind of nightshade.]
Stryde, strīd,n.(Spens.) stride.
Stub, stub,n.the stump left after a tree is cut down: anything short and thick, a stump or truncated end of anything, a worn horse-shoe nail, esp. inpl.: the counterfoil in a cheque-book, &c.—v.t.to take the stubs or roots of from the ground: to cut to a stub: to strike against a stub:—pr.p.stub′bing;pa.t.andpa.p.stubbed.—adj.Stubbed, short and thick like a stump: blunt: obtuse.—ns.Stub′bedness;Stub′biness, state of being stubby: stubbedness.—adj.Stub′by, abounding with stubs: short, thick, and strong.—ns.Stub′-ī′ron, that worked up from stubs for gun-barrels;Stub′-nail, a short thick nail. [A.S.styb; Dut.stobbe, Ice.stubbi.]
Stubble, stub′l,n.the stumps or root-ends of the stalks of corn left in the ground by the reaper or mower: anything like this, as a bristly beard, &c.: the sugar-cane in the field after the first year.—adjs.Stubb′led, covered with stubble;Stubb′le-fed, fed on the natural grass growing among stubble.—ns.Stubb′le-goose, orHarvest-goose, the greylag goose;Stubb′le-rake, a rake with long teeth for raking stubble together.—adj.Stubb′ly, stubbled: having stubble: covered with stubble. [O. Fr.estouble, prob. Teut. (Old High Ger.stupfila), or directly from L.stipula, dim. ofstipes, a stalk.]
Stubborn, stub′orn,adj.immovably fixed in opinion: obstinate: persevering: steady: stiff: inflexible: hardy: not easily melted or worked.—v.t.(Keats) to make stubborn.—adv.Stubb′ornly.—n.Stubb′ornness.—adj.Stubb′orn-shaft′ed, having strong shafts or trunks. [A.S.styb, a stub.]
Stucco, stuk′Å,n.a plaster of lime and fine sand, &c., used as a coating for walls, for decorations, &c.: work done in stucco.—v.t.to face or overlay with stucco: to form in stucco.—n.Stucc′Åer, one who works or deals in stucco. [It.stucco; from Old High Ger.stucchi, a crust, a shell.]
Stuck, stuk,pa.t.andpa.p.ofstick.—adj.Stuck′-up, affectedly vain, self-important.
Stuck, stuk,n.(Shak.) a thrust. [Stoccado.]
Stuckle, stuk′l,n.(prov.) several sheaves set together.
Stud, stud,n.a collection of breeding horses and mares, also the place where they are kept: a collection of horses for racing or hunting, also of other animals, even of dogs in America.—ns.Stud′-book, a record of the pedigrees of famous animals, esp. horses;Stud′-farm, a farm where horses are bred;Stud′-groom, a groom at a stud, esp. the head-groom;Stud′-horse, a stallion. [A.S.stód; Ger.gestüt.]
Stud, stud,n.a nail with a large head: an ornamental double-headed button worn in a cuff or shirt-front: one of the intermediate posts in a partition to which laths are nailed: a cross-piece in the links of a chain-cable for strengthening: a small pin in a watch: a trunk, stem.—v.t.to adorn with knobs: to set thickly, as with studs:—pr.p.stud′ding;pa.t.andpa.p.stud′ded.—ns.Stud′-bolt, a bolt with a thread on each end, screwed into a fixed part at one end, receiving a nut upon the other;Stud′ding-sail, a narrow sail set temporarily at the outer edges of a square sail when the wind is light—alsoScudding-sail;Stud′dle, a prop supporting a platform in a mine;Stud′-work, brickwork walls between studs: studded leather armour. [A.S.studu, a post.]
Student, stū′dent,n.one who studies, a scholar at a higher school, college, or university: one devoted to the study of any subject: a man devoted to books.—ns.Stū′dentry, students collectively;Stū′dentship, an endowment for a student in a college.
Studio, stū′di-o,n.the workshop of an artist or photographer:—pl.Stū′dios. [It.]
Studious, stū′di-us,adj.given to study: thoughtful: diligent: careful (withof): studied: deliberately planned: favourable for study or meditation.—adv.Stū′diously.—n.Stū′diousness.
Study, stud′i,v.t.to bestow pains upon: to apply the mind to: to examine closely, in order to learn thoroughly: to form and arrange by thought: to con over.—v.i.to apply the mind closely to a subject: to try hard: to muse, meditate, reflect: to apply the mind to books:—pa.t.andpa.p.stud′ied.—n.a setting of the mind upon a subject, earnest endeavour, application to books, &c.: absorbed attention: contrivance: any object of attentive consideration: any particular branch of learning: a room devoted to study: a first sketch from nature, a drawing or painting hastily done to facilitate later and more elaborate work, a student's exercise in painting or sculpture: a composition in music intended to help in acquiring mechanical facility: in theatrical phrase, one who commits a part to memory.—adj.Stud′ied, qualified by, or versed in, study: learned: planned with study or deliberation: premeditated.—adv.Stud′iedly, in a studied or premeditated manner.—n.Stud′ier, one who studies. [O. Fr.estudie(Fr.étude)—L.studium, zeal; Gr.spoudē, zeal.]
Stufa, stÅÅf′a,n.a jet of steam issuing from a fissure in the earth. [It.]
Stuff, stuf,n.materials of which anything is made: that which fills anything: essence, elemental part: textile fabrics, cloth, esp. when woollen: something trifling, worthless, or contemptible: a melted mass of turpentine, tallow, &c. used for paying masts, planks, &c.: a medicinal mixture: boards for building: (slang) money: worthless matter: possessions generally, esp. household furniture, &c.—v.t.to fill by crowding: to fill very full: to press in: to crowd: to cram, as with nonsense or lies: to obstruct: to cause to bulge out by filling: to fill with seasoning, as a fowl: to fill the skin of a dead animal, so as to reproduce its living form.—v.i.to feed gluttonously: to practise taxidermy.—ns.Stuff′er, one who stuffs, esp. the skins of animals;Stuff′-gown, a gown of stuff, not silk, esp. that of a junior barrister;Stuff′ing, that which is used to stuff or fill anything—straw, sawdust, feathers, hair, &c.: relishing ingredients put into meat, poultry, &c. in cooking;Stuff′ing-box, a contrivance for keeping a piston-rod, &c., air-tight or water-tight by means of closely-fitting packing, while allowing it free motion. [O. Fr.estoffe(Fr.étoffe)—L.stuppa, tow.]
Stuffy, stuf′i,adj.badly ventilated, musty: causing difficulty in breathing: (Scot.) stout: sturdy: (slang) sulky.—n.Stuff′iness. [O. Fr.estouffer, to choke—estoffe, stuff.]
Stug, stug,n.(Scot.) a thorn.
Stuggy, stug′i,adj.(prov.) thick-set, stout.
Stull, stul,n.(prov.) in mining, a cross-timber in an excavation.
Stulm, stulm,n.a small shaft used to drain a mine.
Stulp, stulp,n.(prov.) a post.
Stultify, stul′ti-fÄ«,v.t.to make a fool of: to cause to appear foolish: to destroy the force of one's argument by self-contradiction: (law) to allege or prove to be of unsound mind:—pa.t.andpa.p.stul′tified.—ns.StultificÄ′tion, act of stultifying or making foolish;Stul′tifier, one who stultifies or makes a fool of;Stultil′oquence,Stultil′oquy, foolish talk or discourse, babbling.—adj.Stultil′oquent.—adv.Stultil′oquently. [L.stultus, foolish,facÄ•re, to make.]
Stum, stum,n.must, grape-juice unfermented: new wine used to revive dead or vapid wine: a mixture used to impart artificial strength, &c., to weak beer or wine: wine revived by the addition of stum or by a second fermentation.—v.t.to renew or doctor with stum: to fume, as a cask of liquor, with burning sulphur. [Dut.stom, must—stom, mute; Ger.stumm, dumb.]
Stumble, stum′bl,v.i.to strike the feet against something, to trip in walking: to light on by chance (withupon): to slide into crime or error.—v.t.to cause to trip or stop: to puzzle.—n.a trip in walking or running: a blunder: a failure.—ns.Stum′bler, one who stumbles;Stum′bling-block,-stone, a block or stone over which one would be likely to stumble: a cause of error.—adv.Stum′blingly.—adj.Stum′bly, apt to stumble. [Skeat explains thebas excrescent, the M. E.stomblen,stomelen,stumlen, alsostomerenbeing from Ice.stumra, to stumble. It is thus a doublet ofstammer.]
Stummel, stum′el,n.the bowl and stem of a pipe.
Stump, stump,n.the part of a tree left in the ground after the trunk is cut down: the part of a body remaining after a part is cut off or destroyed: (cricket) one of the three sticks forming a wicket.—v.t.to reduce to a stump, to truncate, to cut off a part of: to strike unexpectedly, as the foot against something fixed: (cricket) to knock down the wickets when the batsman is out of his ground: to bring to a stop by means of some obstacle or other, to defeat, ruin: (U.S.) to challenge to do something difficult: to make stump-speeches throughout a district, constituency, &c.: (slang) to pay down, hand over (withup).—v.i.to walk along heavily: to make stump-speeches.—ns.Stump′er, one who stumps;Stump′-or′ator, one who harangues the multitude from a temporary platform, as the stump of a tree: a speaker who travels about the country, and whose appeals are mainly to the passions of his audience;Stump′-or′atory;Stump′-speech, an impromptu speech delivered on any improvised platform, any speech made all round a district by some frothy agitator.—adj.Stump′y, full of stumps, short and thick.—n.(slang) cash.—Stump out(cricket), to put out by knocking down the stump or wicket. [Ice.stumpr; Ger.stumpf, nasalised form ofstub.]