Suffete, suf′ēt,n.one of the suffetes or chief administrative officials of ancient Carthage. [L.sufes,-ĕtis—Punic; cf. Heb.shôphet, a judge.]
Suffice, suf′fīs,v.i.to be enough: to be equal to the end in view.—v.t.to satisfy.—n.Suffi′ciency, state of being sufficient: competence: ability: capacity: conceit.—adj.Suffi′cient, sufficing: enough: equal to any end or purpose: competent.—adv.Suffi′ciently.—n.Suf′fisance(Spens.), sufficiency. [Fr.,—L.sufficĕre, to take the place of—sub, under,facĕre, to make.]
Suffioni, suf-ē-ō′ni,n.pl.a name given to the exhalations of hot sulphurous vapours, which are common in volcanic regions. [It.]
Suffix, suf′iks,n.a particle added to the root of a word.—v.t.Suffix′, to add a letter or syllable to a word to mark different notions and relations.—adj.Suff′ixal.—n.Suffix′ion. [L.suffixus,sub, under,figĕre, to fix.]
Sufflaminate, suf-flam′i-nāt,v.t.(obs.) to impede. [L.sufflamināre,-ātum—sufflāmen, a clog.]
Sufflate, suf-flāt′,v.t.to blow up, inflate.—n.Sufflā′tion. [L.sufflāre,-ātum.]
Suffocate, suf′ō-kāt,v.t.to choke by stopping the breath: to stifle:—pa.p.suff′ocāted.—p.adj.(Shak.) suffocated.—p.adj.Suff′ocāting, choking.—adv.Suff′ocātingly.—n.Suffocā′tion, act of suffocating: state of being suffocated.—adj.Suff′ocātive, tending to suffocate. [L.suffocāre,-ātum—sub, under,fauces, the throat.]
Suffragan, suf′ra-gan,adj.assisting.—n.a coadjutor-bishop: any bishop in relation to his metropolitan.—n.Suff′raganship.
Suffrage, suf′rāj,n.a vote: a vote in approbation of any proposal, hence approval, assent: testimony, witness: any short intercessory prayer.—n.Suff′ragist, one who votes: one holding particular opinions about the right of voting. [L.suffragium,saffragāri, to vote for.]
Suffrago, suf-frā′gō,n.the joint between the tibia and tarsus, as the hock of a horse's hind-leg, the heel of a bird.—adj.Suffrag′inous. [L.suffrago, the hock—sub, under,frangĕre, to break.]
Suffrutescent, suf-rōō-tes′ent,adj.somewhat woody at the base.—n.Suff′rutex, an under-shrub, a herb with permanent woody base.—adj.Suffru′ticōse, shrubby at base, small with woody stem—alsoSuffru′ticous.—adj.Suffrutic′ūlose, somewhat fruticulose. [L.sub, under,frutex, a shrub.]
Suffulted, su-ful′ted,adj.gradually blending into another colour. [L.suffulcīre,suffultum, to support.]
Suffumigate, suf-fū′mi-gāt,v.t.to apply fumes to.—n.Suffumigā′tion, the act of fumigating or burning perfumes.
Suffuse, suf-fūz′,v.t.to pour underneath: to overspread or cover, as with a fluid.—n.Suffū′sion, act or operation of suffusing: state of being suffused: that which is suffused. [L.sub, underneath,fundĕre,fusum, to pour.]
Sufism, sū′fizm,n.a form of pantheistic mysticism within Islam.—ns.Sū′fi,Sō′fi, one of such mystics.—adjs.Sū′fic,Sufis′tic. [Ar.sūfi—Gr.sophos, wise.]
Sugar, shoog′ar,n.a sweet substance obtained chiefly from a kind of cane: anything sugary, honeyed words, flattery.—v.t.to sprinkle or mix with sugar: to compliment.—ns.Sug′ar-bak′er, a sugar-refiner;Sug′ar-beet, any one of several varieties of the common garden beet, grown for sugar;Sug′ar-can′dy, sugar candied or in large crystals;Sug′ar-cane, the saccharine grass (Saccharum officinarum) from which sugar is chiefly obtained.—adj.Sug′ar-coat′ed, coated with sugar.—p.adj.Sug′ared, sweetened with sugar.—ns.Sug′ar-gum, a large Australian eucalyptus yielding good timber, with sweetish foliage;Sug′ar-house, a factory where sugar is made;Sug′ariness, state or quality of being sugary or sweet;Sug′ar-loaf, a loaf or mass of sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone;Sug′ar-mā′ple, the hard maple;Sug′ar-mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar-cane;Sug′ar-mite, a mite infesting unrefined sugar;Sug′ar-plum, a species of sweetmeat made up in small ornamental balls or lumps like a plum: any very pleasing piece of flattery;Sug′ar-refī′ner, one who refines raw sugar;Sug′ar-refī′nery.—n.pl.Sug′ar-tongs, an implement for lifting pieces of sugar at table.—adj.Sug′ary, sweetened with, tasting of, or like sugar: fond of sweets.—Sugar of lead, acetate of lead. [Fr.sucre—Sp.azucar—Ar.assokhar—Pers.shakar—Sans.carkarā, sugar, orig. grains of sand, applied to sugar because occurring in grains.]
Suggest, suj-jest′,v.t.to introduce indirectly to the thoughts: to hint.—v.i.to make suggestions.—ns.Sugges′ter;Suggestibil′ity, capability of being suggested.—adj.Sugges′tible.—n.Sugges′tion, act of suggesting: hint: proposal: incitement, temptation: (law) information without oath, not being pleadable: the act of exercising control over a hypnotised subject by communicating some belief or impulse by means of words or gestures, also the idea so suggested;Sugges′tionism, the theory that hypnotic effects are entirely due to the action of suggestion upon weak persons;Sugges′tionist, one who holds this view.—adj.Sugges′tive, containing a hint: fitted to suggest: pertaining to hypnotic suggestion.—adv.Sugges′tively.—ns.Sugges′tiveness, state of being suggestive;Sugges′tor;Sugges′tress;Sugges′tum, a raised platform. [L.sub, under,gerĕre,gestum, to carry.]
Suggil, suj′il,v.t.(obs.) to beat black and blue—alsoSugg′ilāte.—n.Suggilā′tion, a livid mark, a blow. [L.sugillatio.]
Suicide, sū′i-sīd,n.one who dies by his own hand: self-murder.—adj.Sūicī′dal, pertaining to, or partaking of, the crime of suicide.—adv.Sūicī′dally.—n.Su′icidism, a tendency towards suicide. [Coined from L.sui, of himself,cædĕre, to kill.]
Suidæ, sū′i-dē,n.pl.a family of even-toed, non-ruminant Ungulates, including pigs, hogs, or boars, the Babiroussa, and the wart-hogs (Phacochœrus).—adjs.Sū′iform, like theSuidæ;Sū′illine, swinish.
Suint, swint,n.the natural grease of wool. [Fr.]
Suist, sū′ist,n.a self-seeker.—n.Sū′icism, selfishness.
Suit, sūt,n.act of suing: an action at law: a petition: a series: a set: a number of things of the same kind or made to be used together, as clothes or armour: courtship.—v.t.to fit: to become: to please.—v.i.to agree: to correspond.—p.adj.Suit′ed(Shak.), dressed, clothed.—ns.Suit′ing, cloth suitable for making suits of clothes, usually inpl.;Suit′or, one who sues in love or law: a petitioner: a wooer:—fem.Suit′ress.—v.i.to play the suitor.—adj.Suit′orcide, suitor-killing. [Fr.,—Low L.secta, a suit—L.sequi, to follow.]
Suitable, sūt′a-bl,adj.that suits: fitting: agreeable to: adequate.—ns.Suitabil′ity,Suit′ableness.—adv.Suit′ably.
Suite, swēt,n.a train of followers or attendants: a regular set, particularly of rooms: a series of dances arranged for instruments in the same or relative keys, and usually preceded by a prelude: a sequel. [Fr. Cf.Suit.]
Suivez, swē-vā′,n.(mus.) a direction to the accompanist to adapt his time and style to the soloist. [Fr., 'follow.']
Sujee, sōō′jē,n.fine flour made from the heart of the wheat, for English tables in India—AlsoSoo′jee,Sou′jee. [Hind.sūjī.]
Sulcate,-d, sul′kāt, -ed, adj, furrowed, grooved.—n.Sulcā′tion.—adj.Sul′ciform.—n.Sul′cus:—pl.Sul′ci. [L.sulcus, a furrow.]
Sulk, sulk,v.i.to be sullen.—adv.Sulk′ily, in a sulky, sullen, or morose manner.—n.Sulk′iness.—n.pl.Sulks, a fit of sullenness.—adj.Sulk′y, silently sullen.—n.a light two-wheeled vehicle for one person, sometimes having no body. [A.S.solcen, slow—seolcan, to be slow.]
Sullage, sul′āj,n.the floating scum on molten metal: silt: anything which sullies.
Sullen, sul′en,adj.gloomily angry and silent: malignant, baleful: dark: dull.—adv.Sull′enly.—n.Sull′enness.—n.pl.Sull′ens, sullen fits. [O. Fr.solain—L.solus, alone.]
Sully, sul′i,v.t.to soil: to spot: to tarnish.—v.i.to be soiled:—pa.t.andpa.p.sull′ied.—n.spot: tarnish. [A.S.sylian, to defile—sol, mud.]
Sulphur, sul′fur,n.a yellow mineral substance, very brittle, fusible, and inflammable: brimstone.—n.Sul′phate, a salt formed by sulphuric acid with a base.—v.t.to form a deposit of lead sulphate on.—adj.Sulphat′ic.—ns.Sul′phatile, native sulphuric acid;Sul′phide, a combination of sulphur with a metal;Sul′phite, a salt formed by sulphurous acid.—v.t.Sul′phūrāte, to combine with, or subject to, the action of sulphur.—ns.Sulphūrā′tion, the act or operation of subjecting to the action of sulphur or sulphurous acid;Sulphurā′tor, an apparatus for sulphurating.—adj.Sulphū′rēous, consisting of, containing, or having the qualities of sulphur.—adv.Sulphū′reously.—ns.Sulphū′reousness;Sul′phūret, a combination of sulphur with an alkali, earth, or metal.—adjs.Sul′phūretted, having sulphur in combination;Sulphū′ric, pertaining to, or obtained from, sulphur: denoting a certain well-known strong acid, formerly called oil of vitriol;Sul′phūrous, pertaining to, resembling, or containing sulphur: denoting the pungent acid given out when sulphur is burned in air;Sul′phury, partaking of the qualities of sulphur.—Sulphuretted hydrogen, a compound of sulphur and hydrogen, stinking and noxious;Sulphurous acid, an acid formed by one equivalent of sulphur combined with two of oxygen. [L.sulphur; said to be conn. with Sans.çulvāri.]
Sultan, sul′tan,n.a Mohammedan sovereign, esp. the supreme head of the Ottoman empire: a purple or hyacinthine gallinule, or porphyrio: a small white variety of the domestic hen:—fem.Sultana(sul-tä′na),the mother, a wife, or a daughter of a sultan—alsoSul′taness.—ns.Sultana(sul-tä′na),a king's mistress: a kind of viol: an old form of necklace: a small kind of raisin;Sul′tanate, the authority or jurisdiction of a sultan.—adj:Sultan′ic.—n.Sul′tanship. [Ar.sultān, victorious, a ruler.]
Sultry: sul′tri,adj.sweltering: very hot and oppressive: close.—adv.Sul′trily.—n.Sul′triness. [Another form issweltry, from root ofswelter.]
Sum, sum,n.the amount of two or more things taken together: the whole of anything: a quantity of money: a problem in arithmetic: chief points: substance or result of reasoning: summary: height: completion.—v.t.to collect into one amount or whole: to count: to bring into a few words:—pr.p.sum′ming;pa.t.andpa.p.summed.—adj.Sum′less, not to be summed or counted: incalculable.—ns.Sum′mer, one who sums;Sum′ming, the act of one who sums, arithmetic;Sum′ming-up, a recapitulation or review of the leading points, a judge's summary survey of the evidence given to a jury before it withdraws to consider its verdict;Sum′mist, one who makes a summary, esp. a theological compendium. [Fr.,—L.summa—summus,supremus, highest, superl. ofsuperus, on high—super, above.]
Sumac,Sumach, sū′mak,n.a genus of small trees and shrubs of the natural orderAnacardiaceæ—the leaves of some species used in dyeing. [Fr.sumac—Sp.zumaque—Ar.summāq.]
Sumerian, sū-mē′ri-an,adj.pertaining toSumir, one of the two divisions of ancient Babylonia.
Summary, sum′a-ri,adj.summed up or condensed: short: brief: compendious: done by a short method.—n.an abstract, abridgment, or compendium.—adv.Summ′arily.—n.Summ′ariness.—v.t.Summ′arise, to present in a summary or briefly.—ns.Summ′arist; one who summarises;Summ′ūla, a brief educational text-book.—Summary diligence(Scots law), the process by which execution may proceed without the need of further application to the court, in the case of bonds and other instruments registered for execution.
Summation, sum-ā′shun,n.act of summing or forming a total amount: an aggregate.—adjs.Summā′tional,Summ′ative.
Summer, sum′ėr,n.the second and warmest season of the year—June, July, August.—v.i.to pass the summer.—v.t.to keep through the summer.—adj.Summ′er-dried, dried by the heat of summer.—n.Summ′er-duck, a beautiful North American duck.—adj.Summ′er-fall′ow, lying fallow during the summer.—ns.Summ′er-house, a house in a garden used in summer: a summer residence;Summ′ering, a kind of early apple.—adv.Summ′er-like.—adj.Summ′erly, warm and bright like summer.—ns.Summ′er-shine, the summer colour of a bird, insect, &c.;Summ′er-tide,Summ′er-time, the summer season.—adj.Summ′ery, like summer.—Indian summer(seeIndian);St Luke's,St Martin's,summer(seeSaint). [A.S.sumer,sumor; Dut.zomer, Ger.sommer.]
Summer, sum′ėr,n.the first stone laid over columns or pilasters to form a cross vault: the central beam of a floor which receives the joists: any large piece of timber supported on two strong piers or posts, and serving as a lintel to a door, window, &c.; (obs.) a pack-horse, a sumpter-horse. [Sumpter.]
Summerset. Same asSomersault.
Summit, sum′it,n.the highest point or degree: the top.—adj.Summ′itless, having no summit or top.—n.Summ′it-lev′el, the highest level. [O. Fr.som, the top of a hill—L.summum, highest.]
Summon, sum′un,v.t.to call with authority: to command to appear, esp. in court: to rouse to exertion.—ns.Summ′oner;Summ′ons, a summoning or an authoritative call: a call to appear, esp. in court: a call to surrender.—v.t.to serve with a summons. [O. Fr.somoner—L.summonēre—sub, secretly,monēre, to warn.]
Sump, sump,n.a round pit of stone lined with clay, for receiving metal on its first fusion or reduction: the reservoir at the lowest point of a mine, from which the water is pumped: (prov.) a bog, a puddle. [Dut.somp; Ger.sumpf.]
Sumph, sumf,n.(prov.) a blockhead, a soft sheepish fellow.—adj.Sumph′ish.—n.Sumph′ishness.
Sumpit, sum′pit,n.the poisoned arrow thrown from theSum′pitan, or Malay blow-gun.
Sumpsimus, sump′si-mus,n.a correct expression displacing an incorrect but common one (seeMumpsimus). [L., 1st pers.pl.perf. indic. ofsumĕre, to take.]
Sumpter, sump′tėr,n.a horse for carrying burdens. [With insertedpfrom O. Fr.somier—Low L.sagmarius—Gr.sagma, a pack-saddle—Gr.sattein, to pack.]
Sumptuary, sumpt′ū-ar-i,adj.pertaining to or regulating expense, as inSumptuary Laws, which sought to prevent extravagance in banquets, dress, &c. [L.sumptuarius—sumĕre,sumptum, to take, contr. ofsub, up,emĕre, to buy.]
Sumptuous, sumpt′ū-us,adj.costly: magnificent.—ns.Sumptūos′ity,Sumpt′ūousness.—adv.Sumpt′ūously. [L.sumptuosus, costly—sumptus, cost.]
Sun, sun,n.the body which is the source of light and heat to our planetary system: a body which forms the centre of a system of orbs: that which resembles the sun in brightness or value: the sunshine: a revolution of the earth round the sun, a year: sunrise, day: (her.) a bearing representing the sun.—v.t.to expose to the sun's rays.—v.i.to become warm in the sunshine:—pr.p.sun′ning;pa.t.andpa.p.sunned.—n.Sun′beam, a beam or ray of the sun.—adjs.Sun′-beat,-en, smitten by the rays of the sun.—ns.Sun′-bird, a family of small tropical birds, the male with resplendent metallic plumage;Sun′-bitt′ern, a South American bird about the size of a small curlew, long-legged and long-necked, with brilliant many-coloured markings;Sun′-bonn′et, a light bonnet projecting beyond the face to protect from the sun;Sun′bow, an iris formed by the sun, esp. in the spray of a cataract;Sun′burn, a burning or scorching by the sun, esp. the browning of the skin of the face, hands, &c. exposed to the sun.—adjs.Sun′burned,Sun′burnt, burned or discoloured by the sun.—n.Sun′burst, a strong outburst of sunlight.—adj.Sun′-clad, clothed in radiant light.—ns.Sun′-crack, one of the superficial markings frequently seen on the surfaces of thin-bedded flagstones and argillaceous sandstones;Sun′dawn, the light of the dawning sun;Sun′dew, a plant of the genus Drosera, found in bogs and moist heathy ground;Sun′-dī′al, an instrument for measuring time by means of the motion of the sun's shadow cast by a style erected on its surface;Sun′-dog, a mock sun or parhelion;Sun′down, sunset: a hat with a wide brim to shade the eyes;Sun′downer, in Australia, a loafer who saunters from station to station in the interior, arriving about sundown in the hope of getting free rations and lodging for the night: a physician in government employment who practises for private fees after his official hours.—adj.Sun′-dried, dried by exposure to the sun.—ns.Sun′-fish, a fish whose body resembles the forepart of a larger fish cut short off, supposed to be so called from its nearly circular form;Sun′flower, a plant so called from its flower, which is a large disc with yellow rays;Sun′god, the sun considered as a deity;Sun′hat, a light hat with wide brim to shade the face from the sun.—adj.Sun′less, without the sun: deprived of the sun or its rays: shaded: dark.—ns.Sun′lessness;Sun′light, the light of the sun.—adjs.Sun′like, like the sun;Sun′lit, lighted up by the sun.—n.Sun′-myth, a solar myth (seeSolar).—p.adj.Sunned, exposed to the sun.—n.Sun′niness.—adj.Sun′ny, pertaining to, coming from, or like the sun: exposed to, warmed, or coloured by the sun's rays.—ns.Sun′-pict′ure,-print, a photograph;Sun′rise,Sun′rising, the rising or first appearance of the sun above the horizon: the time of this rising: the east;Sun′set,Sun′setting, the setting or going down of the sun: the west;Sun′shade, a ladies' parasol: an awning;Sun′shine, the shining light of the sun: the place on which it shines: warmth.—adjs.Sun′shine,Sun′shiny, bright with sunshine: pleasant: bright like the sun;Sun′-smitt′en, smitten by the rays of the sun.—ns.Sun′spot, one of the dark irregular spots appearing on the surface of the sun;Sun′stone, aventurine feldspar.—adj.Sun′-strick′en.—n.Sun′stroke, a nervous disease, from exposure to the sun.—adv.Sun′ward, toward the sun.—ns.Sun′-wor′ship, adoration of the sun;Sun′-wor′shipper.—Be in the sunshine,Have the sun in one's eyes, to be in liquor, to be drunk;Take the sun, to ascertain the latitude from the sun;Under the sun, in the world, on earth. [A.S.sunne; Ice.sunna, Ger.sunne.]
Sundari, sun′da-ri,n.a tree abundant in Burma and Borneo, with dark durable timber.—AlsoSun′dra-tree,Sun′der-tree.
Sunday, sun′dā,n.the first day of the week, so called because anciently dedicated to the sun or its worship.—ns.Sun′day-best, one's best clothes;Sun′day-saint, one whose religion is confined to Sundays;Sun′day-school, a school for religious instruction for children, held on Sunday. [A.S.sunnan dæg; Ger.sonntag.]
Sunder, sun′dėr,v.t.to separate: to divide.—ns.Sun′derance;Sun′derment.—In sunder(B.), asunder. [A.S.syndrian, to separate—sundor, separate; Ice.sundr, asunder.]
Sundry, sun′dri,adj.separate: more than one or two: several: divers.—n.pl.Sun′dries, sundry things: different small things.—All and sundry, all collectively and individually.
Sung, sung,pa.t.andpa.p.ofsing.
Sunk, sungk,Sunken, sungk′n,pa.p.ofsink.
Sunket, sung′ket,n.(Scot.) a dainty.
Sunn, sun,n.an Indian leguminous plant cultivated for the fibre of its bark. [Hind.san.]
Sunnite, sun′īt,n.the name commonly given to orthodox Muslims, because in their rule of faith and manners theSunna, or traditional teaching of the prophet, is added to the Koran.—AlsoSonn′ite.
Sup, sup,v.t.to take into the mouth, as a liquid: (Scot.) to eat with a spoon.—v.i.to eat the evening meal: (B.) to sip:—pr.p.sup′ping;pa.t.andpa.p.supped.—n.a small mouthful, as of a liquid. [A.S.súpan; Ice.súpa, Ger.saufen, to drink.]
Supawn, su-pan′,n.mush, or Indian meal boiled in water, eaten with milk.—AlsoSuppawn′,Sepawn′,Sepon′. [Amer. Ind.]
Supe, sūp,n.(U.S.) a theatrical super: a toady.
Super, sū′pėr,n.a supernumerary actor.
Superable, sū′pėr-a-bl,adj.capable of being overcome.—n.Sū′perableness.—adv.Sū′perably.
Superabundant, sū-pėr-ab-und′ant,adj.abundant to excess: more than enough: copious.—v.i.Superabound′, to abound exceedingly: to be more than enough.—n.Superabund′ance.—adv.Superabund′antly.
Superacidulated, sū-pėr-a-sid′ū-lā-ted,adj.acidulated to excess.
Superadd, sū-pėr-ad′,v.t.to add over and above.—n.Superaddi′tion.
Superaltar, sū′pėr-awlt-ar,n.a small slab of stone used as a portable altar, to be laid on the top of an unconsecrated altar.
Superangelic, sū-pėr-an-jel′ik,adj.more than angelic.
Superannuate, sū-pėr-an′ū-āt,v.t.to impair or disqualify by living beyond the years of service or by old age: to pension on account of old age or infirmity.—v.i.to become incapacitated by long service.—n.Superannuā′tion, state of being superannuated: the allowance granted in consideration of such. [L.super, above,annus, a year.]
Superation, sū-pe-rā′shun,n.the apparent passing of one planet by another in longitude: the act of surmounting.
Superb, sū-pėrb′,adj.proud: magnificent: stately: elegant: showy: (coll.) first-class, very good.—adv.Superb′ly.—n.Superb′ness, the state of being superb. [L.superbus, proud—super, above.]
Supercalendered, sū-pėr-kal′en-derd,adj.denoting paper of a very high degree of polish due to several courses of rolling.
Supercallosal, sū-pėr-ka-lō′sal,adj.lying above the corpus callosum, specifying a fissure or sulcus of the median aspect of the cerebrum.
Supercanopy, sū-pėr-kan′ō-pi,n.an upper arch or gable above a lesser or lower one.
Supercargo, sū-pėr-kär′go,n.a person in a merchant-ship placed in charge of the cargo and superintending all the commercial transactions of the voyage.—n.Supercar′goship.
Supercelestial, sū-pėr-sel-est′yal,adj.situated above the firmament or vault of heaven.
Supercharge, sū′pėr-chärj,n.(her.) a charge borne upon an ordinary or other charge.
Supercilious, sū-pėr-sil′i-us,adj.lofty with pride: disdainful: dictatorial: overbearing.—adj.Supercil′iary, above the eyebrow.—adv.Supercil′iously.—n.Supercil′iousness. [L.superciliosus—supercilium, an eyebrow—super, above,cilium, eyelid.]
Supercretaceous, sū-pėr-krē-tā′shus,adj.(geol.) lying above the chalk.
Superdainty, sū-pėr-dān′ti,adj.(Shak.) over-dainty.
Superdominant, sū-pėr-dom′i-nant,n.(mus.) the tone just above the dominant, the sixth or submediant.
Supereminent, sū-pėr-em′i-nent,adj.eminent in a superior degree: excellent beyond others.—n.Superem′inence.—adv.Superem′inently.
Supererogation, sū-pėr-er-ō-gā′shun,n.doing more than duty requires or is necessary for salvation, hence anything superfluous or uncalled for.—adjs.Supererog′ative,Supererog′atory(Superer′ogant).—Works of supererogation(R.C.), works not absolutely required of each individual for salvation, but which may be done for the sake of greater perfection—affording the church a store of surplus merit, to eke out the deficient merit of others. [L.super, above,erogāre,-ātum, to pay out.]
Superessential, sū-pėr-e-sen′shal,adj.transcending mere being and essence.
Superexalt, sū-pėr-egz-awlt′,v.t.to exalt to a superior degree.—n.Superexaltā′tion.
Superexcellent, sū-pėr-ek′sel-lent,adj.excellent above others, or in an uncommon degree.—n.Superex′cellence.
Superfamily, sū′pėr-fam-i-li,n.a group in classification between a suborder and a family, a group of families.
Superfecundation, sū-pėr-fek-un-dā′shun,n.the impregnation of two or more ova at the same stage of development by different acts of coition.
Superficies, sū-pėr-fish′yēz,n.the upper face or surface: the outer face or part of a thing.—adj.Superfi′cial, pertaining to, or being on, the surface: shallow: slight: containing only what is apparent and simple: not learned.—v.t.Superfi′cialise, to treat superficially.—n.Superfi′cialist, a person of merely superficial knowledge.—adv.Superfi′cially.—ns.Superfi′cialness,Superficial′ity;Superfi′ciary, one possessing a right to what stands on the surface of the lands of another.—adj.belonging to the surface: situated on another's land. [L.super, above,facies, face.]
Superfine, sū′pėr-fīn,adj.fine above others: finer than ordinary.—n.Sū′perfineness.—adj.Superfin′ical, very finical.
Superfluous, sū-pėr′flōō-us,adj.more than enough: unnecessary or useless.—n.Superflū′ity, a superfluous quantity or more than enough: state of being superfluous: superabundance.—adv.Super′fluously.—ns.Super′fluousness, superfluity;Sū′perflux(Shak.), any superfluity. [L.superfluus—super, above,fluĕre, to flow.]
Superfœtation, sū-pėr-fē-tā′shun,n.the circumstance of two distinct conceptions occurring in the same woman at a considerable interval so that two fœtuses of different ages—the offspring possibly of different fathers—may coexist in the uterus—alsoSuperfetā′tion.—vs.i.Superfœ′tate,Superfē′tate, to conceive after a prior conception.
Superfrontal, sū-pėr-fron′tal,adj.pertaining to the upper part of the frontal lobe of the brain.—n.a covering for the top of the altar, generally hanging down all round, and fringed.
Superfunction, sū-pėr-fungk′shun,n.action of some organ in excess of what is normal.—adj.Superfunc′tional.
Superfuse, sū-pėr-fūz′,v.t.to pour over something else.
Superheat, sū-pėr-hēt′,v.t.to heat to excess.—n.Superheat′er.
Superhuman, sū-pėr-hū′man,adj.above what is human: divine.—n.Superhuman′ity.—adv.Superhū′manly.
Superhumeral, sū-pėr-hū′me-ral,n.anything carried on the shoulders: the amice: the pallium: a Jewish ephod.
Superimpose, sū-pėr-im-pōz′,v.t.to impose or lay above: (geol.) to establish a structural system over, independently of underlying structures.—n.Superimposi′tion, the act of superimposing: state of being superimposed.
Superincumbent, sū-pėr-in-kum′bent,adj.lying above.—ns.Superincum′bence,Superincum′bency.
Superinduce, sū-pėr-in-dūs′,v.t.to bring in over and above something else, to superadd.—ns.Superinduc′tion,Superinduce′ment.
Superinenarrable, sū-pėr-in-ē-nar′a-bl,adj.in the highest degree incapable of being described.
Superintend, sū-pėr-in-tend′,v.t.to have the oversight or charge of: to control, manage.—v.i.to exercise supervision.—ns.Superinten′dence,Superinten′dency, oversight: direction: management.—adj.Superinten′dent, superintending.—n.one who superintends: the head of a Sunday-school: in some Protestant churches a clergyman having the oversight of the clergy of a district: overseer.—n.Superinten′dentship.
Superior, sū-pē′ri-or,adj.upper: higher in place, rank, or excellence: surpassing others: beyond the influence of: of wider application, generic: (print.) set above the level of the line.—n.one superior to others: the chief of a monastery, &c., and of certain churches and colleges: (Scots law) one who has made an original grant of heritable property to a tenant orvassal, on condition of a certain annual payment (feu-duty) or of the performance of certain services.—ns.Supē′rioress, a female superior or chief in a convent, nunnery, &c.;Superior′ity, quality or state of being superior: pre-eminence: advantage: (Scots law) the right which the superior enjoys in the land held by the vassal.—adv.Supē′riorly, in a superior manner.—Superior planets, those more distant from the sun than the earth. [L., comp. ofsuperus, high—super, above.]
Superjacent, sū-pėr-jā′sent,adj.lying above or upon.
Superlative, sū-pėr′la-tiv,adj.raised above others or to the highest degree: superior to all others: most eminent: (gram.) expressing the highest degree of a quality.—n.(gram.) the superlative or highest degree of adjectives and adverbs: any word or phrase full of exaggeration.—adv.Super′latively.—n.Super′lativeness, state of being superlative or in the highest degree. [L.superlativus—superlatus, pa.p. ofsuperferre—super, above,ferre, to carry.]
Superlunar, sū-pėr-lū′nar,adj.above the moon: not of this world.—AlsoSuperlū′nary.
Supermedial, sū-pėr-mē′di-al,adj.being above the middle.
Supermundane, sū-pėr-mun′dān,adj.above the world.
Supernacular, sū-pėr-nak′ū-lar,adj.very choice, of liquor.—n.Supernac′ūlum, wine fit to be drunk to the last drop with no heeltaps, anything very choice.—adv.to the last drop.
Supernal, sū-pėr′nal,adj.that is above or in a higher place or region: relating to things above: celestial. [L.supernus—super, above.]
Supernatant, sū-pėr-nā′tant,adj.floating on the surface.—n.Supernatā′tion. [L.supernatāre—super, above,natāre, to swim.]
Supernational, sū-pėr-nash′un-al,adj.transcending the national, and belonging to mankind.—n.Superna′tionalism.
Supernatural, sū-pėr-nat′ū-ral,adj.above or beyond the powers of nature: not according to the usual course of nature: miraculous: spiritual.—v.t.Supernat′uralise, to bring into the supernatural sphere.—ns.Supernat′uralism, the belief in the influence of the supernatural in the world;Supernat′uralist, a believer in the supernatural.—adj.of or pertaining to the supernatural.—adj.Supernaturalist′ic.—adv.Supernat′urally.—n.Supernat′uralness.
Supernumerary, sū-pėr-nūm′ėr-ar-i,adj.over and above the number stated, or which is usual or necessary.—n.a person or thing beyond the usual, necessary, or stated number: one who appears on the stage without a speaking part. [L.supernumerarius—super, over,numerus, a number.]
Supernutrition, sū-pėr-nū-trish′un,n.excessive nutrition.
Superoccipital, sū-pėr-ok-sip′e-tal,adj.pertaining to the upper part of the occipital lobe of the brain.
Superoctave, sū′pėr-ok-tāv,n.(mus.) a coupler in the organ by means of which is sounded an octave higher than the one struck: an organ-stop two octaves above the principal.
Superolateral, sū-pe-rō-lat′ėr-al,adj.situated above and at the side.
Superorder, sū-pėr-or′dėr,n.a group in the classifications of natural history above the order but below the class.—adj.Superor′dinal.
Superordinary, sū-pėr-or′di-nā-ri,adj.above the ordinary.
Superordination, sū-pėr-or-di-nā′shun,n.the ordination of a successor by an ecclesiastic: (logic) the relation of a universal proposition to a particular proposition in the same terms.—adj.Superor′dinate.
Superorganic, sū-pėr-or-gan′ik,adj.not dependent on organisation, psychical, spiritual: social.
Superparasitism, sū-pėr-par′a-sīt-izm,n.the infestation of parasites by other parasites.—n.Sū′perparasite, the parasite of a parasite.—adj.Superparasit′ic.
Superphosphate, sū-pėr-fos′fāt,n.a phosphate containing the greatest amount of phosphoric acid that can combine with the base.
Superphysical, sū-pėr-fiz′i-kal,adj.superorganic, psychical.
Superpose, sū-pėr-pōz′,v.t.to place over or upon.—adjs.Superpō′sable;Superposed′.—n.Superposi′tion, act of superposing: state of being superposed: that which is above anything.
Superpraise, sū-pėr-prāz′,v.t.(Shak.) to praise excessively.
Super-royal, sū-pėr-roi′al,adj.larger than royal, denoting a size of paper, 19¼ × 27½ in. for writing and drawing paper, 20½ × 27½ in. for printing-paper.
Supersacral, sū-pėr-sā′kral,adj.situated on or over the sacrum.
Supersalt, sū′pėr-sawlt,n.a salt having a greater number of equivalents of acid than base.
Supersaturate, sū-pėr-sat′ū-rāt,v.t.to saturate beyond the normal point.—n.Supersaturā′tion.
Superscribe, sū-pėr-skrīb′,v.t.to write or engrave over, on the outside or top: to write the name on the outside or cover of.—ns.Sū′perscript,Superscrip′tion, act of superscribing: that which is written or engraved above or on the outside. [L.super, above,scribĕre,scriptum, to write.]
Supersede, sū-pėr-sēd′,v.t.to take the place of another by reason of superior right, power, &c.: to make useless by superior power: to come in the room of, to replace: to displace, set aside, render unnecessary.—ns.Supersē′deas, a writ to stay proceedings, or to suspend the powers of an officer in certain cases;Supersē′dence,Supersē′dure,Superses′sion, a setting aside, the act of superseding;Supersedē′re(Scots law), a private agreement among creditors, under a trust-deed, to supersede or sist diligence for a certain period: an order of court granting protection to a debtor. [L.super, above,sedēre,sessum, to sit.]
Supersensible, sū-pėr-sen′si-bl,adj.above the range of the senses, spiritual.—adv.Supersen′sibly.—adj.Supersen′sitive, excessively sensitive.—n.Supersen′sitiveness.—adjs.Supersen′sory,Supersen′sual, beyond the senses.
Superserviceable, sū-pėr-sėrv′is-a-bl,adj.(Shak.) doing more than required, over-officious.
Supersolar, sū-pėr-sō′lar,adj.above the sun.
Superstition, sū-pėr-stish′un,n.excessive reverence or fear, based on ignorance: excessive exactness in religious opinions or practice: false worship or religion: an ignorant and irrational belief in supernatural agency, omens, divination, sorcery, &c.: belief in what is absurd, without evidence: rites or practices proceeding from superstitious belief or fear: over-nicety, exactness too scrupulous or morbid.—adj.Supersti′tious, pertaining to, or proceeding from, superstition: over-exact.—adv.Supersti′tiously.—n.Supersti′tiousness. [L.superstitio, excessive religious belief—super, over, above,statum,sistĕre—stāre, to stand.]
Superstratum, sū-pėr-strā′tum,n.a stratum or layer situated above another.
Superstructure, sū-pėr-strukt′ūr,n.a structure above or on something else: anything erected on a foundation—alsoSuperstruc′tion.—adjs.Superstruct′ive,Superstruct′ūral.
Supersubtle, sū-pėr-sut′l,adj.over-subtle.—adj.Supersubt′ilised, subtilised or refined to excess.—n.Supersubt′lety, excessive subtlety, over-nicety.
Supertonic, sū-pėr-ton′ik,n.(mus.) the tone in a scale next above the tonic or keynote.
Supervene, sū-pėr-vēn′,v.i.to come in addition, or closely after: to occur, take place.—adj.Supervē′nient, coming above, as something additional.—n.Superven′tion, act of supervening or taking place. [L.super, above,venīre,ventum, come.]
Supervise, sū-pėr-vīz′,v.i.to oversee: to superintend.—ns.Supervī′sal,Supervi′sion, act of supervising: inspection: control;Supervī′sor, one who supervises: an overseer: an inspector: (Shak.) a spectator.—adjs.Supervī′sory, pertaining to, or having, supervision;Supervis′ūal, beyond the ordinary visual powers. [L.super, over,vidēre,visum, to see.]
Supervolute, sū′pėr-vol-ūt,adj.(bot.) having a plaited or convolute arrangement in the bud.
Supine, sū-pīn′,adj.lying on the back: leaning backward, inclined, sloping: negligent: indolent.—v.t.Sū′pināte, to bring the palm upward.—ns.Sūpinā′tion, the state of being supine: the act of lying or being laid with the face upward: the act of turning the palm of the hand upward: the hand so turned;Sūpinā′tor, that which produces supination: a muscle that turns the palm upward;Sū′pine, one of two parts of the Latin verb, really verbal nouns, ending intumandtu, called the first and second supine respectively.—adv.Sūpine′ly.—n.Sūpine′ness. [L.supinus—sub, under.]
Suppedaneum, sup-ē-dā′nē-um,n.a foot-rest on a cross or crucifix.—adj.Suppedā′neous, being under the feet. [L.sub, under,pes,pedis, the foot.]
Suppeditate, sup-ed′i-tāt,v.t.to supply, furnish.—n.Suppeditā′tion, supply. [L.suppeditāre,-ātum, to supply—suppetĕre, to be in store—sub, under,petĕre, to seek.]
Supper, sup′ėr,n.a meal taken at the close of the day.—adj.Supp′erless, without supper.—ns.Supp′ing, the act of one who sups: that which is supped;Lord's′-supp′er(seeLord). [O. Fr.soper(Fr.souper)—from Low Ger.supen, to sup.]
Supplant, sup-plant′,v.t.to displace by stratagem: to take the place of: to undermine.—ns.Supplantā′tion;Supplant′er. [L.supplantāre, to trip up one's heels—sub, under,planta, the sole of the foot.]
Supple, sup′l,adj.pliant: lithe: yielding to the humour of others: fawning.—v.t.to make supple: to make soft or compliant.—v.i.to become supple.—n.Supp′leness.—adj.Supp′le-sin′ewed, having supple sinews: lithe.—Supple Jack(U.S.), one of various climbing-shrubs with strong stems: a pliant cane. [Fr.souple—L.supplex, bending the knees—sub, under, plicāre, to fold.]
Supplement, sup′le-ment,n.that which supplies or fills up: any addition by which defects are supplied: the quantity by which an angle or an arc falls short of 180° or a semicircle.—v.t.Supplement′, to supply or fill up: to add to.—adjs.Supplemen′tal,Supplement′ary, added to supply what is wanting: additional.—adv.Supplement′arily.—ns.Supplementā′tion;Supplement′er.—v.t.Supplēte′, to supplement.—adjs.Supp′lētive,Supp′lētory, supplemental.—n.a supplement. [L.supplementum—supplēre, to fill up.]
Suppliant, sup′li-ant,adj.supplicating: asking earnestly: entreating.—n.a humble petitioner.—adv.Supp′liantly.—n.Supp′liantness. [Fr.suppliant, pr.p. of supplier—L.supplicāre.]
Supplicant, sup′li-kant,adj.supplicating: asking submissively.—n.one who supplicates or entreats earnestly.—adv.Supp′licantly. [L.supplicans,pr.p.of supplicāre.]
Supplicate, sup′li-kāt,v.t.to entreat earnestly: to address in prayer.—n.Supp′licat, in the English universities, a petition.—adv.Supp′licātingly.—n.Supplicā′tion, act of supplicating: in ancient Rome, a solemn service or day decreed for giving formal thanks to the gods for victory, &c.: earnest prayer or entreaty, especially, in liturgies, a litany petition for some special blessing.—adj.Supp′licātory, containing supplication or entreaty: humble.—n.Supplicā′vit, formerly a writ issued by the King's Bench or Chancery for taking the surety of the peace against a person. [L.supplicāre,-ātum—supplex—sub, under,plicāre, to fold.]
Supply, sup-plī′,v.t.to fill up, esp. a deficiency: to add what is wanted: to furnish: to fill a vacant place: to serve instead of:—pa.t.andpa.p.supplied′.[Fr.,—L.supplēre—sub, up,plēre, to fill.]
Supply, sup-plī′,n.act of supplying: that which is supplied or which supplies a want: amount of food or money provided (used generally inpl.): a grant of money provided by a legislature for the expenses of government: a person who takes another's duty temporarily, a substitute, esp. a clergyman.—ns.Supplī′al, the act of supplying, the thing supplied;Sup′pliance(Shak.), that which is supplied, gratification.—adj.Supplī′ant(Shak.), supplying, auxiliary.—adv.Sup′pliantly.—ns.Supplī′er, one who supplies;Supply′ment(Shak.), a supply.—Commissioner of Supply, one of the body forming the chief county authority in Scotland for administrative and rating purposes, down to 1889.
Support, sup-pōrt′,v.t.to bear up: to endure or sustain: to keep up as a part or character: to make good: to defend: to represent in acting: to supply with means of living: to uphold by countenance, patronise: to follow on the same side as a speaker.—n.act of supporting or upholding: that which supports, sustains, or maintains: maintenance: an actor playing a subordinate part with a star: an accompaniment in music.—adj.Support′able, capable of being supported: endurable: capable of being maintained.—n.Support′ableness.—adv.Support′ably.—ns.Support′ance(Shak.), support;Support′er, one who, or that which, supports: an adherent: a defender: (her.) a figure on each side of the escutcheon.—adjs.Support′ing,Support′ive.—n.fem.Support′ress. [L.supportāre—sub, up,portāre, to bear.]
Suppose, sup-pōz′,v.t.to lay down, assume, or state as true: to imagine.—adj.Suppō′sable, that may be supposed.—n.Suppō′sal(Shak.), supposition.—adj.Suppōsed′(Shak.), counterfeit.—adv.Suppō′sedly, according to supposition.—ns.Suppō′ser;Supposi′tion, act of supposing: that which is supposed: assumption: presumption, opinion.—adj.Supposi′tional, implying supposition.—adv.Supposi′tionally.—adjs.Supposi′tionary, hypothetical;Suppos′itive, implying, expressing, or including a supposition.—adv.Suppos′itively.—ns.Suppos′itory(med.), a pill of any solid medicine in the form of a cone or cylinder intended for introduction into the rectum or other canal;Suppos′itum, that which is supposed;Suppō′sūre, supposition. [Fr.supposer—L.supponĕre,-positum—sub, under,ponĕre, to place.]
Supposititious, sup-poz-i-tish′us,adj.put by trick in the place of another: spurious: imaginary, hypothetical, supposed.—adv.Suppositi′tiously, in a supposititious manner.—n.Suppositi′tiousness, the state of being supposititious. [L.supposititius—supponĕre, to put in the place of another—sub, under,ponĕre, to place.]
Suppress, sup-pres′,v.t.to crush, put down: to keep in: to retain or conceal: to stop, restrain.—adv.Suppress′edly.—ns.Suppress′er,Suppress′or.—adj.Suppress′ible.—ns.Suppres′sion, act of suppressing: stoppage: concealment;Suppres′sionist, one who supports suppression.—adj.Suppress′ive, tending to suppress: subduing. [L.supprimĕre,suppressum—sub, under,premĕre, to press.]
Suppurate, sup′ū-rāt,v.i.to gather pus or matter.—n.Suppurā′tion, a morbid process which gives rise to the formation of pus, one of the commonest products of inflammation.—adj.Supp′urātive, tending to suppurate: promoting suppuration.—n.a medicine which promotes suppuration. [L.sub, under,pus,pur-is, pus.]
Supraciliary, sū-pra-sil′i-ar-i,adj.above the eyebrow.—AlsoSupercil′iary.
Supraclavicular, sū-pra-kla-vik′ū-lar,adj.situated above the clavicle or collar-bone.
Supracostal, sū-pra-kost′al,adj.above or upon the ribs.
Supracretaceous, sū-pra-krē-tā′shus,adj.(geol.) denoting strata lying above the chalk.
Supralapsarian, sū-pra-laps-ā′ri-an,n.one of a class of Calvinists who make the decree of election and predestination to precede the Creation and the Fall—opp. toSublapsarian.—adj.pertaining to the Supralapsarians or to their opinions.—n.Supralapsā′rianism. [L.supra, above, beyond,labi,lapsus, to fall.]
Supralateral, sū-pra-lat′ėr-al,adj.placed on the upper part of the side.
Supralunar, sū-pra-lū′nar,adj.beyond the moon: very lofty.
Supramaxillary, sū-pra-mak′si-lā-ri,adj.pertaining to the upper jaw.—n.the superior maxillary or upper jaw-bone.
Supramundane, sū-pra-mun′dān,adj.above the world.
Supra-orbital, sū-pra-or′bi-tal,adj.being above the orbit of the eye.
Supraposition, sū-pra-pō-zish′un,n.the placing of one thing above another.
Supraprotest, sū-pra-prō′test,n.acceptance or payment of a bill of exchange, by one not a party to it, after protest for non-acceptance or non-payment.
Suprarenal, sū-pra-rē′nal,adj.situated above the kidneys.
Suprascapular, sū-pra-skap′ū-lar,adj.situated above the scapula or shoulder-blade.—AlsoSūprascap′ulary.
Suprasensible, sū-pra-sen′si-bl,adj.above the reach of the senses.
Supraspinal, sū-pra-spī′nal,adj.situated above the spine.—adj.Supraspī′nous, above a spine or spinous process.
Supreme, sū-prēm′,adj.highest: greatest: most excellent.—n.the highest point: the chief, the superior.—n.Suprem′acy, state of being supreme; highest authority or power.—adv.Supreme′ly.—ns.Supreme′ness,Suprem′ity.—Oath of supremacy, an oath denying the supremacy of the pope;The Supreme Being, God. [L.supremus, superl. ofsuperus, high—super, above.]
Sura, sōō′ra,n.a chapter of the Koran.—AlsoSu′rah. [Ar.sūra, a step.]
Sura, sōō′ra,n.the sap of the palmyra and coco-palm, &c. [Hind.surā.]
Suraddition, sur-a-dish′un,n.(Shak.) something added, as to a name.
Surah, sū′ra,n.a soft twilled silk fabric.—AlsoSurah silk.
Sural, sū′ral,adj.pertaining to the calf of the leg. [L.sura, the calf.]
Surance, shōōr′ans,n.(Shak.) assurance.
Surat, sū-rat′,n.coarse uncoloured cotton made atSurat, 160 miles north of Bombay.
Surbase, sur′bās,n.a cornice or series of mouldings above the base of a pedestal.—adj.Surbased′.—n.Surbase′ment.
Surbate, sur-bāt′,v.t.(Spens.) to bruise, as the feet by travel.—AlsoSurbet′. [Prob. Fr.solbatu,solbature—sole, the sole,battu, pa.p. ofbattre, to beat.]
Surbed, sur-bed′,v.t.to set edgewise, as a stone with reference to the grain.
Surcease, sur-sēs′,v.i.to cease.—v.t.to cause to cease.—n.cessation. [O. Fr.sursis, pa.p. ofsurseoir—L.super-sedēre, to refrain from.]
Surcharge, sur-chärj′,v.t.to overcharge or overload.—n.an excessive load: an overcharge: an extra charge: a painting in lighter enamel over a darker which serves as the ground.—adj.Surcharged′, overloaded.—n.Surcharge′ment.
Surcingle, sur′sing-gl,n.a girth or strap for holding a saddle on an animal's back: the girdle of a cassock.—v.t.to surround with such. [L.super, above,cingulum, a belt.]