Chapter 3

Subspecies in Kansas:P. c. atricapilloidesLunk.

*Parus bicolorLinnaeus. Tufted Titmouse. Common resident in eastern Kansas, west at least to Barber, Harvey, and Cloud counties. Western limit of breeding range poorly known.

No subspecies recognized.

*Sitta carolinensis.White-breasted Nuthatch. Uncommon and local resident and winter visitant throughout state. Three positive nesting records, all from Douglas County, by C. D. Bunker, R. F. Miller, and Katherine Kelley.

Subspecies in Kansas:S. c. carolinensisLatham resident in Labette and Montgomery counties;S. c. nelsoniMearns occurs in at least Morton County, status uncertain;S. c. cookeiOberholser resident and winter visitant in rest of state.

Sitta canadensisLinnaeus. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Uncommon transient and winter resident throughout state.

No subspecies recognized.

Certhia familiaris.Brown Creeper. Fairly common transient and winter resident throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:C. f. americanaBonaparte.

*Troglodytes aëdon.House Wren. Transient and summer resident, common in east to uncommon in west.

Subspecies in Kansas:T. a. parkmaniiAudubon.

Troglodytes troglodytes.Winter Wren. Rare or uncommon transient and winter resident throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:T. t. hiemalisVieillot.

Thryomanes bewickii.Bewick Wren. Resident, common in south, rare in north; status poorly known. Nesting records from Shawnee, Johnson, and Montgomery counties.

Subspecies in Kansas:T. b. bewickii(Audubon) in northern and northeastern part,T. b. cryptusOberholser in rest of state. (T. b. niceaeSutton, a questionably valid subspecies, has been reported from Meade and Morton counties.)

*Thryothorus ludovicianus.Carolina Wren. Resident, common in south, less common to north and west. One record from Hamilton County; status in northwest unknown.

Subspecies in Kansas:T. l. ludovicianus(Latham).

*Telmatodytes palustris.Long-billed Marsh Wren. Uncommon transient throughout state; known as a breeding bird only from Doniphan County, where Linsdale found several nests and collected a juvenile (KU 12869) with half-grown tail, August 31, 1922.

Subspecies in Kansas:T. p. dissaëptus(Bangs).

*Cistothorus platensis.Short-billed Marsh Wren. Uncommon transient and irregular summer resident in east, no records from west. One breeding record: male (KU 29665), female (KU 29666), and their nest with four eggs, eight miles west of Lawrence, Douglas County, August 30, 1950, H. B. Tordoff and G. P. Young.

Subspecies in Kansas:C. p. stellaris(Naumann).

*Salpinctes obsoletus.Rock Wren. Common transient and summer resident in west, rare transient in east; eastern limit of breeding range not known. Nests found in Hamilton, Scott, and Logan counties.

Subspecies in Kansas:S. o. obsoletus(Say).

*Mimus polyglottos.Mockingbird. Resident throughout state, less common in north, especially in winter.

Subspecies in Kansas:M. p. polyglottos(Linnaeus) in east,M. p. leucopterus(Vigors) in west (most specimens from Kansas are intermediate between the two subspecies).

*Dumetella carolinensis(Linnaeus). Catbird. Common transient and summer resident throughout state.

No subspecies recognized.

*Toxostoma rufum.Brown Thrasher. Common transient and summer resident throughout state; occasional winter resident at least in east.

Subspecies in Kansas:T. r. rufum(Linnaeus) in east,T. r. longicaudaBaird in west.

Oreoscoptes montanus(Townsend). Sage Thrasher. Rare transient in west. Two unsexed specimens (KU 31941, 31942), 1 mile south of Holcomb, Finney County, September 20 and October 2,1954, Marvin D. Schwilling. A third individual seen in Morton County, September 27, 1954, and a fourth in Kearny County, March 23, 1955, by Schwilling.

No subspecies recognized.

*Turdus migratorius.Robin. Common transient and summer resident; locally common winter resident.

Subspecies in Kansas:T. m. migratoriusLinnaeus breeds in most of state but birds in southeast are intermediate towardT. m. achrusterus(Batchelder);T. m. propinquusRidgway occurs in west, at least in migration, and irregularly in other parts of state in winter.

Ixoreus naevius.Varied Thrush. Accidental. One record: specimen (present location unknown) taken at Garden City, Finney County, October 17, 1891, H. W. Menke.

Subspecies in Kansas: ProbablyI. n. meruloides(Swainson), on geographical grounds.

*Hylocichla mustelina(Gmelin). Wood Thrush. Common transient and summer resident in east, absent in west, western limit of breeding in Kansas not known (nests, but uncommonly, in Cloud County).

No subspecies recognized.

Hylocichla guttata.Hermit Thrush. Transient throughout state, usually uncommon. Rare in winter in east.

Subspecies in Kansas:H. g. faxoniBangs and Penard in east,H. g. sequoiensis(Belding) in west.

Hylocichla ustulata.Olive-backed Thrush. Common transient throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:H. u. swainsoni(Tschudi).

Hylocichla minima.Gray-cheeked Thrush. Fairly common transient in east; probably does not occur in west but western limit in migration in Kansas unknown (rare in Cloud County, three records by J. M. Porter).

Subspecies in Kansas:H. m. minima(Lafresnaye).

Hylocichla fuscescens.Veery. Transient, rare in east, fairly common in west.

Subspecies in Kansas:H. f. salicicolaRidgway.

*Sialia sialis.Eastern Bluebird. Common resident and transient throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:S. s. sialis(Linnaeus).

[Sialia mexicana.Chestnut-backed Bluebird. Said to be winter resident at Coolidge, Hamilton County, by Shanstrum. Reliably reported from southeastern Colorado. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen from Kansas.]

Sialia currucoides(Bechstein). Mountain Bluebird. Common winter resident in west; occurs regularly east to Cloud and Barber counties and irregularly farther east (to Douglas and Anderson counties). Bunker and Rocklund took a full-grown juvenal female (KU 5900) on June 20, 1911, near the Colorado line northwest of Coolidge, Hamilton County.

No subspecies recognized.

Myadestes townsendi.Townsend Solitaire. Winter resident in small numbers in west; irregular in winter in east.

Subspecies in Kansas:M. t. townsendi(Audubon).

*Polioptila caerulea.Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Common transient and summer resident in east, probably transient only in west but status there poorly known. Nesting records from Doniphan, Douglas, and Barber counties.

Subspecies in Kansas:P. c. caerulea(Linnaeus).

Regulus satrapa.Golden-crowned Kinglet. Common transient throughout state; uncommon winter resident.

Subspecies in Kansas:R. s. satrapaLichtenstein.

Regulus calendula.Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Common transient throughout state; rare winter resident.

Subspecies in Kansas:R. c. calendula(Linnaeus).

Anthus spinoletta.Water Pipit. Common transient throughout state, more numerous in west.

Subspecies in Kansas:A. s. rubescens(Tunstall).

Anthus spragueii(Audubon). Sprague Pipit. Transient throughout state, perhaps more common in central or western parts; status poorly known. Specimens known from Trego, Cloud, Greenwood, Woodson, and Anderson counties.

No subspecies recognized.

Bombycilla garrulus.Bohemian Waxwing. Rare winter visitant throughout state. Few specimens on record, from Riley, Shawnee, Jefferson, Greenwood, and Sedgwick counties.

Subspecies in Kansas:B. g. pallidicepsReichenow.

*Bombycilla cedrorumVieillot. Cedar Waxwing. Common transient and irregular winter resident throughout state; rare summer resident in northeast. Breeding records: four nests found at Lake Quivira, Wyandotte County, July 22, 1947 (nestling collected, KU 32374), July 3, 1949 (young in nest), July 4, 1950, July 10, 1952 (young in nest), Harold C. Hedges; nest found in Topeka, Shawnee County, June 16, 1953, Cliff Olander and T. W. Nelson.

No subspecies recognized.

Lanius excubitor.Northern Shrike. Winter resident, rare in east, uncommon in west.

Subspecies in Kansas:L. e. borealisVieillot in east,L. e. invictusGrinnell in west (most specimens from Kansas are intermediate between the two).

*Lanius ludovicianus.Loggerhead Shrike. Common resident and transient throughout state, but may leave north-central and northwestern parts in winter.

Subspecies in Kansas:L. l. migransPalmer in extreme east,L. l. excubitoridesSwainson in west, east to Norton, Ness, and Clark counties; birds from rest of state mostly intermediate.

*Sturnus vulgaris.Starling. Introduced. First appeared in early 1930's, now common transient and resident throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:S. v. vulgarisLinnaeus.

*Vireo atricapillusWoodhouse. Black-capped Vireo. Summer resident in Comanche and possibly other south-central counties. Status poorly known. Goss collected three pairs in southeastern Comanche County, May 7 to 18, 1885, and found a nest under construction on May 11, 1885. Sight records from Manhattan, Riley County, June 18, 1953, by Scott Searles, and Halstead, Harvey County, May 16, 1951, by Edna L. Ruth.

No subspecies recognized.

*Vireo griseus.White-eyed Vireo. Locally common transient and summer resident in east. Status poorly known. Nesting records from Doniphan County (Linsdale) and Kansas City region; specimens taken in summer from Douglas, Montgomery, and Labette counties.

Subspecies in Kansas:V. g. noveboracensis(Gmelin).

*Vireo bellii.Bell Vireo. Common summer resident throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:V. b. belliiAudubon.

*Vireo flavifronsVieillot. Yellow-throated Vireo. Uncommon transient and local, uncommon summer resident throughout state. Goss reported two nests, one with 1 Cowbird and 3 vireo eggs, at Neosho Falls, Woodson County, May 9, 1877, and one under construction at Topeka, Shawnee County, May 18, 1883. T. W. Nelson found a nest at Topeka in 1947 (date approximate). R. F. Miller found an occupied nest 3 miles north of Baldwin, Douglas County, May 6, 1947.

No subspecies recognized.

Vireo solitarius.Solitary Vireo. Fairly common transient throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:V. s. solitarius(Wilson) in east,V. s. plumbeusCoues andV. s. cassiniiXantus in west.

*Vireo olivaceus(Linnaeus). Red-eyed Vireo. Common transient and summer resident throughout state.

No subspecies recognized.

Vireo philadelphicus(Cassin). Philadelphia Vireo. Uncommon transient in east (often overlooked); reported west to Harvey County but western limit of migration in Kansas not known.

No subspecies recognized.

*Vireo gilvus.Warbling Vireo. Common transient and summer resident throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:V. g. gilvus(Vieillot).

*Mniotilta varia(Linnaeus). Black and White Warbler. Common transient throughout state, local and uncommon summer resident in east. Breeding distribution in state poorly known. Nests reported in Douglas and Leavenworth counties.

No subspecies recognized.

*Protonotaria citrea(Boddaert). Prothonotary Warbler. Locally common transient and summer resident in eastern Kansas. Nesting records from Doniphan, Leavenworth, Johnson, Douglas, Shawnee, and Woodson counties.

No subspecies recognized.

*Helmitheros vermivorus(Gmelin). Worm-eating Warbler. Rare transient (specimens from Doniphan, Douglas, and Woodson counties) and summer resident in east. Linsdale saw a singing bird on July 11, 1923, in Doniphan County. Hilton (Wilson Bull., 32, 1920:85-86) reports finding a newly-fledged young bird with an adult at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth County, on June 7, 1919 (some of Hilton's records seem highly improbable, but the one in question is convincing to me).

No subspecies recognized.

Vermivora chrysoptera(Linnaeus). Golden-winged Warbler. Rare transient in east. Several sight records and one specimen: female (KU 12700), 3 miles south of Lawrence, Douglas County, May 2, 1921, E. R. Hall.

No subspecies recognized.

Vermivora pinus(Linnaeus). Blue-winged Warbler. Uncommon transient in east. Possibly nests rarely but no definite evidence.

No subspecies recognized.

Vermivora peregrina(Wilson). Tennessee Warbler. Common transient in east, uncommon transient in west.

No subspecies recognized.

Vermivora celata.Orange-crowned Warbler. Common transient throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:V. c. celata(Say) throughout state,V. c. oresteraOberholser in west.

Vermivora ruficapilla.Nashville Warbler. Common transient throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:V. r. ruficapilla(Wilson).

Vermivora virginiae(Baird). Virginia Warbler. Transient in extreme west. Known in Kansas only from 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County: five birds seen, two collected, May 4 to 10, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber.

No subspecies recognized.

*Parula americana(Linnaeus). Parula Warbler. Fairly common transient and local summer resident in eastern Kansas. Nesting records from Riley, Doniphan, Douglas, and Woodson counties; western limit of breeding distribution unknown.

No subspecies recognized.

*Dendroica petechia.Yellow Warbler. Common transient and summer resident throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:D. p. aestiva(Gmelin) breeding in all except southwestern Kansas;D. p. sonoranaBrewster probably breeding in extreme southwest (specimens from Morton County);D. p. rubiginosa(Pallas) transient, probably throughout state.

Dendroica magnolia(Wilson). Magnolia Warbler. Uncommon transient throughout state.

No subspecies recognized.

Dendroica tigrina(Gmelin). Cape May Warbler. Rare transient in east. Several sight records but only one specimen from state: immature male (KU 31644), Lawrence, Douglas County, December 6, 1954 (abnormally late date), Mary Edith Kizer.

No subspecies recognized.

Dendroica caerulescens.Black-throated Blue Warbler. Rare transient, more records from west than from east.

Subspecies in Kansas:D. c. caerulescens(Gmelin).

Dendroica coronata.Myrtle Warbler. Common transient throughout state, rare winter resident. (See also Audubon Warbler.)

Subspecies in Kansas:D. c. coronata(Linnaeus) andD. c. hooveriMcGregor.

Dendroica auduboni.Audubon Warbler. Common transient in west, rare in east, specimens taken east to Trego County. Hybrids between this species and Myrtle Warbler common in west.

Subspecies in Kansas:D. a. auduboni(Townsend).

Dendroica nigrescens(Townsend). Black-throated Gray Warbler. Common transient in extreme western Kansas. Several sight records and four specimens from 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County, May 8 to 13, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber.

No subspecies recognized.

Dendroica townsendi(Townsend). Townsend Warbler. Transient in extreme western Kansas. Five records: all from 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County, May 3 (female collected), 11, and 20, 1950, September 3 and 5 (immature female, KU 31206), 1952, Richard and Jean Graber.

No subspecies recognized.

Dendroica virens.Black-throated Green Warbler. Transient, uncommon in east and rare in west.

Subspecies in Kansas:D. v. virens(Gmelin).

Dendroica cerulea(Wilson). Cerulean Warbler. Uncommon transient and possibly summer resident in east, but status poorly known. No definite nesting record. Only five specimens on record.

No subspecies recognized.

Dendroica fusca(Müller). Blackburnian Warbler. Transient, uncommon in east, rare in west.

No subspecies recognized.

[Dendroica dominica.Sycamore Warbler. A few sight records from east and possibly breeds in southeast but placed on Hypothetical List until a specimen from state is obtained.]

Dendroica pensylvanica(Linnaeus). Chestnut-sided Warbler. Transient, fairly common in east, uncommon in west. Only three specimens from state, two from Shawnee County, one from Morton County.

No subspecies recognized.

Dendroica castanea(Wilson). Bay-breasted Warbler. Uncommon transient throughout state.

No subspecies recognized.

Dendroica striata(Forster). Black-poll Warbler. Common transient in east, uncommon or rare in west.

No subspecies recognized.

[Dendroica pinus.Pine Warbler. Probably rare transient in east where several have been reported seen, but placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen from Kansas. Linsdale reported taking a Pine Warbler in Doniphan County, September 13, 1923, but the specimen is actually a Cerulean Warbler.]

*Dendroica discolor.Prairie Warbler. Known to occur regularly only in Wyandotte and Johnson counties, where locally common transient and summer resident; newly fledged young have been found. One specimen: male (KU 32376), 2 miles west of Lake Quivira, Johnson County, May 3, 1942, Harold C. Hedges.

Subspecies in Kansas:D. d. discolor(Vieillot).

Dendroica palmarum.Palm Warbler. Uncommon transient in east, west at least to Cloud County. Western limit of occurrence in migration not known.

Subspecies in Kansas:D. p. palmarum(Gmelin).

*Seiurus aurocapillus.Oven-bird. Fairly common transient throughout state; local summer resident in northeast. Brumwell reported one pair nesting in June, 1939, and in 1940, at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth County. His report is lacking in details but no other nesting records are available.

Subspecies in Kansas:S. a. aurocapillus(Linnaeus) throughout state,S. a. cinereusA. H. Miller taken in Cheyenne County.

Seiurus noveboracensis.Northern Water-thrush. Fairly common transient throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:S. n. notabilisRidgway.

*Seiurus motacilla(Vieillot). Louisiana Water-thrush. Fairly common transient and summer resident in east, uncommon transient in west. Approximately 11 breeding records, all from Miami and Linn counties. Summer distribution in state inadequately known.

No subspecies recognized.

*Oporornis formosus(Wilson). Kentucky Warbler. Common transient and summer resident in east. Nests west to Riley County, but not reported from Cloud County by Porter.

No subspecies recognized.

Oporornis philadelphia(Wilson). Mourning Warbler. Locally common transient in east, west rarely to Sedgwick and Cloud counties. Sight records supposedly of Connecticut Warblers (Oporornis agilis) may, at least in part, refer to this species. No specimens ofO. agilisknown from state.

No subspecies recognized.

Oporornis tolmiei.Macgillivray Warbler. Common transient in extreme western Kansas, accidental in east. Specimens from Morton, Hamilton, and Marshall (1) counties.

Subspecies in Kansas:O. t. monticolaPhillips.

*Geothlypis trichas.Yellow-throat. Common transient throughout state; common summer resident in east, less common in west.

Subspecies in Kansas:G. t. brachidactyla(Swainson) breeds in east;G. t. occidentalisBrewster breeds in west. Distribution in Kansas of these subspecies and identity of transients poorly known.

*Icteria virens.Yellow-breasted Chat. Common transient and summer resident, perhaps less common in west.

Subspecies in Kansas:I. v. virens(Linnaeus) in east,I. v. auricollis(Lichtenstein) in west, intergrading through most of state.

Wilsonia citrina(Boddaert). Hooded Warbler. Formerly common summer resident in east, now rare and perhaps no longer nests in state. No satisfactory breeding record. Three males from Leavenworth County, May 9, 1871, and one from Shawnee County, May 17, 1871, taken by J. A. Allen, are now at Harvard.

No subspecies recognized.

Wilsonia pusilla.Wilson Warbler. Common transient throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:W. p. pusilla(Wilson) in east,W. p. pileolata(Pallas) in west; precise distribution in migration unknown.

Wilsonia canadensis(Linnaeus). Canada Warbler. Uncommon transient in east, reported west to Sedgwick and Cloud counties.

No subspecies recognized.

*Setophaga ruticilla.American Redstart. Common transient and local summer resident in east; probably only transient in west but breeding range in state poorly known. Few definite nesting records: Brumwell reported nesting at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth County; J. M. Porter found a nest in Republic County, May 22, 1940.

Subspecies in Kansas:S. r. ruticilla(Linnaeus) is breeding form;S. r. tricolora(Müller) occurs in migration.

*Passer domesticus.English Sparrow. Introduced. Common resident throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:P. d. domesticus(Linnaeus).

*Dolichonyx oryzivorus(Linnaeus). Bobolink. Transient, uncommon in east and rare in west in spring; rare in east and absent in west in fall. In 1940, several pairs remained until July 21 near Jamestown State Lake, Cloud County, and two pairs were seen feeding fledglings on June 25 (J. M. Porter). No other good evidence of breeding.

No subspecies recognized.

*Sturnella magna.Eastern Meadowlark. Common transient and resident in eastern part. Nests locally west to Jewell County in north and Barber County in south. Less common in winter.

Subspecies in Kansas:S. m. magna(Linnaeus) in northeast,S. m. argutulaBangs in southeast.

Sturnella neglecta.Western Meadowlark. Common transient and resident in western part. Nests commonly east to Flint Hills, irregularly and uncommonly in east. Largely replaces Eastern Meadowlark in east in winter.

Subspecies in Kansas:S. n. neglectaAudubon.

*Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus(Bonaparte). Yellow-headed Blackbird. Transient, common in west and uncommon in east, and uncommon, local summer resident. Breeds more frequently in west; nesting records from Meade, Wallace, Barton, Stafford, Doniphan, and Douglas counties. One winter record, Riley County.

No subspecies recognized.

*Agelaius phoeniceus.Red-wing. Common transient and summer resident throughout state, less common winter resident.

Subspecies in Kansas:A. p. phoeniceus(Linnaeus) breeds in most of state;A. p. fortisRidgway may nest in west and occurs in migration;A. p. arctolegusOberholser occurs in migration.

*Icterus spurius(Linnaeus). Orchard Oriole. Common transient and summer resident throughout state.

No subspecies recognized.

Icterus cucullatus.Hooded Oriole. Accidental. One record: bird banded at Los Angeles, California, January 22, 1939, found dead by Dr. F. S. Williams, 16 miles southeast of Garden City, Finney County, about August 5, 1939; foot of specimen preserved.

Subspecies in Kansas:I. c. californicus(Lesson), on geographic grounds.

*Icterus galbula(Linnaeus). Baltimore Oriole. Common transient and summer resident through most of state; hybridizes freely with Bullock Oriole in west. One winter record: immature male (KU 31988), Lawrence, Douglas County, December 25, 1953, H. B. Tordoff.

No subspecies recognized.

*Icterus bullockii.Bullock Oriole. Common transient and summer resident in west, rarely east to Stafford County (breeding?) and Douglas County (transient).

Subspecies in Kansas:I. b. bullockii(Swainson).

Euphagus carolinus.Rusty Blackbird. Common transient and locally common winter resident throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:E. c. carolinus(Müller).

Euphagus cyanocephalus(Wagler). Brewer Blackbird. Transient and local winter resident. Common in west, uncommon in east. Probably nests in northwest, but no satisfactory evidence of this.

No subspecies recognized.

Quiscalus quiscula.Bronzed Grackle. Common transient and summer resident throughout state; local winter resident.

Subspecies in Kansas:Q. q. versicolorVieillot.

*Molothrus ater.Cowbird. Common transient and summer resident throughout state; local winter resident.

Subspecies in Kansas:M. a. ater(Boddaert) is breeding bird;M. a. artemisiaeGrinnell transient, common in west and possibly nesting in northwest.

Piranga ludoviciana(Wilson). Western Tanager. Fairly common transient and perhaps summer resident in extreme west. Two males taken 4½ miles west of Kendall, Hamilton County, May 20 and June 1, 1893, H. W. Menke; many seen and two males and a female (KU 31207) taken 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County, May 6, 1950 (males) and September 4, 1952, Richard and Jean Graber.

No subspecies recognized.

*Piranga olivacea(Gmelin). Scarlet Tanager. Fairly common transient in east and uncommon summer resident in northeast. Distribution in state poorly known; breeding records from Doniphan, Leavenworth, and Cloud counties.

No subspecies recognized.

*Piranga rubra.Summer Tanager. Common transient and summer resident, distribution poorly known. Recorded in migration (possibly breeding?) west to Morton County and breeding in Doniphan and Douglas counties. Not reported by Porter as nesting in Cloud County.

Subspecies in Kansas:P. r. rubra(Linnaeus).

*Richmondena cardinalis.Cardinal. Common resident in east, uncommon in west, rare in extreme southwest.

Subspecies in Kansas:R. c. cardinalis(Linnaeus).

*Pheucticus ludovicianus(Linnaeus). Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Common transient and locally common summer resident in east. Reported in summer west to Rawlins County; probably absent in summer from southeast. Distribution poorly known.

No subspecies recognized.

*Pheucticus melanocephalus.Black-headed Grosbeak. Common transient and summer resident in west, nesting east to Cloud and Harvey counties. Occasionally occurs farther east in migration.

Subspecies in Kansas:P. m. melanocephalus(Swainson).

*Guiraca caerulea.Blue Grosbeak. Common transient and summer resident in most of state; locally common in summer in northeast.

Subspecies in Kansas:G. c. caerulea(Linnaeus) in east,G. c. interfusaDwight and Griscom in west; most specimens from state are intergrades.

Passerina cyanea(Linnaeus). Indigo Bunting. Common transient and summer resident west to Finney County, status in extreme west not known but probably absent there.

No subspecies recognized.

Passerina amoena(Say). Lazuli Bunting. Common transient and probably summer resident in extreme western Kansas. No breeding record. Rare in east in migration.

No subspecies recognized.

*Passerina ciris.Painted Bunting. Fairly common summer resident in east, west to Barber and north to Riley and Shawnee counties. One positive nesting record: nest with young, successfully fledged, Lawrence, Douglas County, spring and summer, 1918, Bessie D. Reed.

Subspecies in Kansas:P. c. pallidiorMearns.

*Spiza americana(Gmelin). Dickcissel. Transient and summer resident throughout state; common in east, locally common in west.

No subspecies recognized.

Hesperiphona vespertina.Evening Grosbeak. Rare and irregular winter visitant. Reported from widely scattered localities throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:H. v. vespertina(Cooper);H. v. brooksiGrinnell may occur in west.

Carpodacus purpureus.Purple Finch. Fairly common transient and winter resident in east; status in west not known.

Subspecies in Kansas:C. p. purpureus(Gmelin).

Carpodacus mexicanus.House Finch. Occurs in southwestern Kansas, reported common north to Hamilton County and east to Finney County. One record from Concordia, Cloud County, 2 or 3 birds seen from February 26 to March 6, 1954, Lillie and Ida Cook, J. M. Porter. Most records in winter; status in summer uncertain.

Subspecies in Kansas:C. m. frontalis(Say).

[Pinicola enucleator.Pine Grosbeak. One old record (possibly based on a specimen, but convincing details are lacking) and a few recent sight records from east. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of an authentic specimen from state.]

Acanthis flammea.Redpoll. Rare and irregular winter visitant. Records from Cloud, Riley (specimen), Douglas (specimens), and Woodson counties, and Kansas City region.

Subspecies in Kansas:A. f. flammea(Linnaeus).

*Spinus pinus.Pine Siskin. Common but irregular transient and winter resident throughout state. Two breeding records: nest with 3 or 4 young, later successfully fledged, Onaga, PottawatomieCounty, May 3, 1920, F. F. Crevecoeur; nest with 3 eggs (young successfully fledged), 1 mile southwest of Concordia, Cloud County, observed from April 6 to 30, 1954, J. M. Porter.

Subspecies in Kansas:S. p. pinus(Wilson).

*Spinus tristis.Eastern Goldfinch. Common resident throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:S. t. tristis(Linnaeus).

*Loxia curvirostra.Red Crossbill. Irregular winter visitant throughout state, locally common at times. One nesting record: nest with one egg, Topeka, Shawnee County, March 22, 1917, A. Sidney Hyde. This nest later held three eggs, all hatched, three young fledged, and the family left the area in June.

Subspecies in Kansas (in approximate decreasing order of frequency):L. c. bentiGriscom,L. c. bendireiRidgway,L. c. minor(Brehm),L. c. stricklandiRidgway,L. c. sitkensisGrinnell.

Loxia leucoptera.White-winged Crossbill. Rare and irregular winter visitant throughout the state. Only two specimens taken (Douglas and Ellis counties).

Subspecies in Kansas:L. l. leucopteraGmelin.

Chlorura chlorura(Audubon). Green-tailed Towhee. Fairly common transient in west; rare winter visitant in east (Shawnee County, Wyandotte County).

No subspecies recognized.

*Pipilo erythrophthalmus.Red-eyed Towhee. Common transient and winter resident throughout state; uncommon summer resident in east, status in west in summer not known. No nest found, but recently fledged young reported in several counties.

Subspecies in Kansas:P. e. erythrophthalmus(Linnaeus) resident;P. e. arcticus(Swainson) winter resident throughout state;P. e. montanusSwarth reported as transient only from Morton County.

*Calamospiza melanocorysStejneger. Lark Bunting. Common transient and summer resident in west, rare transient in east. Nesting in southwestern Kansas irregular; absent some years and present in other years. One nesting record from east, in Franklin County.

No subspecies recognized.

Passerculus sandwichensis.Savannah Sparrow. Common transient and rare winter resident throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:P. s. savanna(Wilson),P. s. nevadensisGrinnell,P. s. oblitusPeters and Griscom.

*Ammodramus savannarum.Grasshopper Sparrow. Common transient and local summer resident throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:A. s. perpallidus(Coues).

Ammodramus bairdii(Audubon). Baird Sparrow. One record:male? (U. S. Natl. Mus. 155884), Pendennis, Lane County, April 25, 1897, J. A. Loring. This species probably occurs regularly in the state but is overlooked.

No subspecies recognized.

Passerherbulus caudacutus(Latham). Leconte Sparrow. Common transient and irregular, locally common winter resident west at least to Lane County.

No subspecies recognized.

*Passerherbulus henslowii.Henslow Sparrow. Uncommon transient and uncommon, local summer resident in east, west at least to Cloud County. Breeding records from Morris, Shawnee, Douglas, and Anderson counties.

Subspecies in Kansas:P. h. henslowii(Audubon).

Ammospiza caudacuta.Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Rare transient in east. Specimens taken in Shawnee, Douglas, Woodson, and McPherson counties. Supposed nesting reported by Goss probably erroneous.

Subspecies in Kansas:A. c. nelsoni(Allen).

Pooecetes gramineus.Vesper Sparrow. Common transient throughout state. May nest in northwest but no evidence available.

Subspecies in Kansas:P. g. gramineus(Gmelin) in east,P. g. confinisBaird in west.

*Chondestes grammacus.Lark Sparrow. Common transient and summer resident throughout state.

Subspecies in Kansas:C. g. grammacus(Say) east of Flint Hills,C. g. strigatusSwainson in west; the two subspecies intergrade in central Kansas.

Aimophila ruficeps.Rufous-crowned Sparrow. Two records: male (KU 29222), Schwarz Canyon, Comanche County, June 7, 1936, C. W. Hibbard; one seen near Point Rock, Morton County, May 21, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber.

Subspecies in Kansas:A. r. scottii(Sennett).

Aimophila aestivalis.Pine-woods Sparrow. One specimen: male (KU 32377), Lake Quivira, in Wyandotte County, April 26, 1948, Harold C. Hedges. One seen, Lake Quivira, in Johnson County, April 24, 1949, Harold C. Hedges.

Subspecies in Kansas:A. a. illinoensis(Ridgway).

*Aimophila cassinii(Woodhouse). Cassin Sparrow. Common summer resident in southwestern Kansas, known north to Hamilton County and east to Finney County. One nesting record: nest with two young and one pipped egg, one mile south of Garden City, Finney County, May 24, 1954, Marvin D. Schwilling.

No subspecies recognized.

Amphispiza bilineata.Black-throated Sparrow. One record: specimen of unknown sex (KU 31356), 4 miles north and 3 miles east of Garden City, Finney County, November 25, 1952, Marvin D. Schwilling.

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