Transcriber's NoteElizabethan words and spellings have been retained (e.g. 'height' and 'heigth' are both used, sometimes in the same sentence;'hight' = 'known as, called, etc.').Only obvious printer's errors have been corrected, as when a letter seems to have been inverted ('n' for 'u'). The letters 'u' and 'v' are mostly interchanged; as, e.g., "in haruest time" and "vnder a bridge". If a word or name did not fit the context, it was researched, and corrections made, if necessary.Macrons on vowels (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū) sometimes indicate that 'n' has been omitted from the word. (Abbreviation in Mediæval manuscripts).There are a few printer's errors in this edition, which have been checked using the online 1587 edition (which itself is not without printing errors) as reference.(http:// sceti.library.upenn.edu/sceti/PrintedBooksnew/index.cfm?TextID=holinshed_chronicle&PagePosition=1).Also used were the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), and online Middle English and Anglo-Saxon Dictionaries, as well as online Wikipedia.Some, but by no means all, of 'ee' has the first 'e' marked with an acute accent. This is not consistent. Where the 'é' is obviously missing from the scan, it has not been added to the text. This inconsistency in spelling and accents is an integral part of some very old books.There are some instances of round brackets which have been opened and not closed, or nested, with only one pair closed (or closed, without having been opened). These have been retained as such.Some placenames may have changed with the passage of time.Some damaged or missing punctuation has been restored, but the punctuation in the lists at the end of Description III is as it appeared in the scans, and in the online edition.Page numbers have been added to the 'Description' Tables of Contents, for the convenience of the reader; and Tables of Contents have been added to the beginning of this Volume.There are a few instances of repeated word 'too'. These have been retained, being probably the author's personal style:'is too too plaine''being too too much''haue too too manie'.'too too lewd'Page 43: "practise and put in vre within your realme and kingdome."'vre', or 'ure', is an antique word, which survives in the modern word 'inure'.(Ure) n. [OE. ure, OF. oevre, ovre, ouvre, work, F. œuvre, L. opera. cf. Inure .] Use; practice; exercise. [Obs.] (Ure), v. t. To use; to exercise; to inure; to accustom by practice. [Obs.] (Webster's online dictionary, 1913 edition).Page 67: 'barnacle'; 'barnacls'; 'barnacles' ... there were no spelling conventions in Holinshed's time. 'barnacls' matches 1587 ed.Page 252: 'hanting' could mean 'haunting', or 'frequenting'."... they ruffle and roist it out, excéeding in apparell, and hanting riotous companie (which draweth them from their bookes vnto an other trade.)"Page 255: 'Philip' is an abbreviation for Queen Philippa (of Hainault).Page 347: "Gipping, of going vp to anie place.Chipping Walden, of the Saxon word ᵹipping (or ghipping) uses the insular 'g' (ᵹ), variant of (lowercase) yogh (ȝ).(http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_G)Page 358: 'cuphar'."Of all the elms that euer I saw, those in the south side of Douer court, in Essex néere Harwich are the most notable, for they grow (I meane) in crooked maner, that they are almost apt for nothing else but nauie timber, great ordinance, and béetels: and such thereto is their naturall qualitie, that being vsed in the said behalfe, they continue longer, and more long than anie the like trées in whatsoeuer parcell else of this land, without cuphar, shaking, or cleauing, as I find."Possibly from 'ceorfan' to cut, cut down. (coppice?)Page 386: 'Bratius' is probably 'Gratius'."Bratius De venatione, 1/386 - probably Faliscus Gratius, De venatione, 1534."(http: //www.cems.ox.ac.uk/holinshed/Catalogue%20of%20additional%20sources....-1.pdf)ErrataPage 1: 'used' corrected to 'vsed', and 'upon' to vpon', for consistency, and as in 1587 edition."9 Of the ancient religion vsed in Albion.""10 Of such Ilands as are to be seene vpon the coasts of Britaine."Page 14: 'hane' corrected to 'haue', as in 1587 edition."Besides these aforesaid nations, which haue crept (as you haue heard) into our Iland,"Page 26: 'Dehenbarth' corrected to 'Deheubarth'."In the begining it was diuided into two kingdoms onelie, that is to saie, Venedotia or Gwynhedh (otherwise called Deheubarth)...."Page 42: 'who lieconsented' corrected to 'wholie consented', as in 1587 edition."and foorthwith wholie consented to make a diuision of this land...."Page 84: missing word "far" inserted, as in 1587 edition"... Helledon parish, not far from Danberie,..."Page 102: 'Ater' corrected to 'After', as in 1587 edition."After this confluence it goeth on toward the south, till it méet with a pretie brooke rising northeast of Whettell...."Page 102: 'Done stroke' is probably a misprint for 'Dones broke' or 'Danes broke' (brook), which actually exists in the place mentioned.Sidenote: "Done aliàs Dones broke."Page 128: 'Monemouch' corrected to 'Monemouth' as in 'Monemouth' in previous sentence, and in 1587 edition."The Romenie ... is a goodlie water, and from the head a march betwéen Monemouth and Glamorgan shires."Page 128: 'pound.' corrected to 'pounds.' as in 1587 edition.Sidenote: "This Ile went fiftie yeares agone for x. pounds."Page 130: 'Wormeslead' corrected to 'Wormeshead'."Then casting about by Oxwich point, we go onward there by, and sailing flat north by the Holme (hauing passed the Wormeshead and S. Kennets chappell) and then ... northeast by Whitford point,..."Page 135: 'Marierdiue' corrected to 'Marierdine', as above, and as in 1587 edition. 'Monardiue' is as in 1587 edition.(It is now called 'Manordeifi', or 'Maenordeifi', and is a small village in north Pembrokeshirehttp:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manordeifi)."... goeth by Marierdine, and so to Cardigon, taking in one rill from by north descending by Penneralt, by north of Monardiue or Marierdine,..."Page 135: 'Oswid' corrected to 'Oscoid' as in 1587 edition."... Lantwood north west of Oscoid Mortemer,..."Page 187: 'féeed' has been retained: 'fée-ed'?"... & that euerie one which by féeed friendship (or otherwise) dooth attempt to procure oughts from the prince, that may profit but few and proue hurtfull to manie,..."Page 202: 'Pits' corrected to 'Picts', as in 1587 edition."... and in all these wars against them, he had the seruice and obeisance of Scots and Picts."Page 222: 'uame' corrected to 'name'"They beare also the name of their high chapleins continuallie,..."Page 223: (printer's error: ʃ (long 's') confused with 't'): 'to' corrected to 'so', as in 1587 online edition."... escaped to his ships, and so returned into Normandie."Page 243: 'iarror' is unknown. Perhaps misprint for 'terrier2', Land Register, which fits the context.From OED: terrier2, noun. Book recording site, boundaries, etc., of land of private persons or corporations; (hist.) collection of acknowledgements of vassals or tenants of a lordship."I haue seene and had an ancient terrier of the lands of this monasterie,..."Page 244: 'Lindeffarne' corrected to 'Lindesfarne'.(Printer's confusion of 'f' with ʃ (long 's'). Correct in 'Description 1').Page 254: 'hain' (a Middle English word meaning a park or enclosure), corrected to 'haue' which fits the context."... so that there are not manie corporat townes now vnder the quéenes dominion, that haue not one Gramar schoole at the least, with a sufficient liuing for a maister and vsher appointed to the same."Page 256: 'I' corrected to "In""In my opinion...."Page 260: 'fiue wapentaxes'. This may be correct, or an error for 'wapentakes', which also appears.Page 269: 'Sir Sanchet Dambricourt' corrected to 'Sir Sanchet D'Abrichecourt'.Sir Sanchet D'Abrichecourt (c.1330-c.1360) was a French knight and a founder Knight of the Garter. His surname was alternatively spelt D'Abridgecourt, Dabridgcourt, Dabrichecourt or Aubréciourt and derived from the Hainault town of Auberchicourt. His father, Nicholas D'Abrichecourt, a nobleman from Hainault, had come to England in 1326 as an escort of Queen Isabella. (Wikipedia)Page 274: 'ro' corrected to 'or', and 'rae' corrected to 'are', as 1587 online edition."But these citizens or burgesses are to serue the commonwealth in their cities and boroughs,..."Page 282: 'savoureth' corrected to 'sauoureth', to match similar, and 1587 online edition."... their talke is now and then such as sauoureth of scurrilitie"Page 287: 'calla breakefast' corrected to 'call a breakefast', as 1587 online edition."... although a little something was allowed in the morning to yoong children which we now call a breakefast."Page 291: 'hous econsisting' corrected to 'house consisting', as 1587 online edition."... the higher or vpper house consisting of the nobilitie,..."Page 295: 'Southampton' corrected to 'Southhampton' to match online ed."The borough of Southhampton."Page 296: 'The borough of Caine' corrected to 'The borough of Calne'.'The borough of Calne' is in Wiltshire; 'The borough of Caine' does not exist.Page 299: 'Grecklade' corrected to 'Cricklade' (alternate spelling 'Crekelade'). 'Cricklade' occurs earlier, in the list of Wilton (Wiltshire) boroughs.Page 332: 'alsolued' corrected to 'absolued' to match other instances on same page, and 1587 edition."... till by repentance he deserue to be absolued."Page 344: 'inhabit' corrected to 'inhibit', as 1587 edition."... till a law was made which did inhibit and restraine them."Page 350: 'CHAP. XIX.' (second instance) corrected to 'CHAP. XX.' (which was missing)Page 354: 'Cydims' corrected to 'Cydnus'."The Cydnus in Tarsus of Cilicia, is of such vertue,..."Page 366: 'aeader' corrected to 'reader'."... I might make a greater chapter than would be either conuenient or profitable to the reader:"Note: This book contains many sidenotes, and if the screen is too wide, some sidenotes in the more densely populated areaswilloverlap, if there are more sidenotes than paragraph lines. The maximum width of the page has been set at 56em in an attempt to overcome this potential problem. Browsers vary slightly in the way they display the book, but ideally, the actual width of the page on the screen should be no more than 56em, 1000px, or about 12-13 inches, and may need to be set manually. Internet Explorer may need to be run in 'Compatibility View'.Old English Font is used on Page iii and in the table from Page 418 to Pag 421. If this font does not show on your computer, it is available Here:[http://www.] uk-genealogy.org.uk/resources/
Elizabethan words and spellings have been retained (e.g. 'height' and 'heigth' are both used, sometimes in the same sentence;'hight' = 'known as, called, etc.').
Only obvious printer's errors have been corrected, as when a letter seems to have been inverted ('n' for 'u'). The letters 'u' and 'v' are mostly interchanged; as, e.g., "in haruest time" and "vnder a bridge". If a word or name did not fit the context, it was researched, and corrections made, if necessary.
Macrons on vowels (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū) sometimes indicate that 'n' has been omitted from the word. (Abbreviation in Mediæval manuscripts).
There are a few printer's errors in this edition, which have been checked using the online 1587 edition (which itself is not without printing errors) as reference.
(http:// sceti.library.upenn.edu/sceti/PrintedBooksnew/index.cfm?TextID=holinshed_chronicle&PagePosition=1).
Also used were the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), and online Middle English and Anglo-Saxon Dictionaries, as well as online Wikipedia.
Some, but by no means all, of 'ee' has the first 'e' marked with an acute accent. This is not consistent. Where the 'é' is obviously missing from the scan, it has not been added to the text. This inconsistency in spelling and accents is an integral part of some very old books.
There are some instances of round brackets which have been opened and not closed, or nested, with only one pair closed (or closed, without having been opened). These have been retained as such.
Some placenames may have changed with the passage of time.
Some damaged or missing punctuation has been restored, but the punctuation in the lists at the end of Description III is as it appeared in the scans, and in the online edition.
Page numbers have been added to the 'Description' Tables of Contents, for the convenience of the reader; and Tables of Contents have been added to the beginning of this Volume.
There are a few instances of repeated word 'too'. These have been retained, being probably the author's personal style:
Page 43: "practise and put in vre within your realme and kingdome."
'vre', or 'ure', is an antique word, which survives in the modern word 'inure'.
(Ure) n. [OE. ure, OF. oevre, ovre, ouvre, work, F. œuvre, L. opera. cf. Inure .] Use; practice; exercise. [Obs.] (Ure), v. t. To use; to exercise; to inure; to accustom by practice. [Obs.] (Webster's online dictionary, 1913 edition).
Page 67: 'barnacle'; 'barnacls'; 'barnacles' ... there were no spelling conventions in Holinshed's time. 'barnacls' matches 1587 ed.
Page 252: 'hanting' could mean 'haunting', or 'frequenting'.
"... they ruffle and roist it out, excéeding in apparell, and hanting riotous companie (which draweth them from their bookes vnto an other trade.)"
Page 255: 'Philip' is an abbreviation for Queen Philippa (of Hainault).
Page 347: "Gipping, of going vp to anie place.Chipping Walden, of the Saxon word ᵹipping (or ghipping) uses the insular 'g' (ᵹ), variant of (lowercase) yogh (ȝ).
(http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_G)
Page 358: 'cuphar'.
"Of all the elms that euer I saw, those in the south side of Douer court, in Essex néere Harwich are the most notable, for they grow (I meane) in crooked maner, that they are almost apt for nothing else but nauie timber, great ordinance, and béetels: and such thereto is their naturall qualitie, that being vsed in the said behalfe, they continue longer, and more long than anie the like trées in whatsoeuer parcell else of this land, without cuphar, shaking, or cleauing, as I find."
Possibly from 'ceorfan' to cut, cut down. (coppice?)
Page 386: 'Bratius' is probably 'Gratius'.
"Bratius De venatione, 1/386 - probably Faliscus Gratius, De venatione, 1534."
(http: //www.cems.ox.ac.uk/holinshed/Catalogue%20of%20additional%20sources....-1.pdf)
Page 1: 'used' corrected to 'vsed', and 'upon' to vpon', for consistency, and as in 1587 edition.
"9 Of the ancient religion vsed in Albion.""10 Of such Ilands as are to be seene vpon the coasts of Britaine."
Page 14: 'hane' corrected to 'haue', as in 1587 edition.
"Besides these aforesaid nations, which haue crept (as you haue heard) into our Iland,"
Page 26: 'Dehenbarth' corrected to 'Deheubarth'.
"In the begining it was diuided into two kingdoms onelie, that is to saie, Venedotia or Gwynhedh (otherwise called Deheubarth)...."
Page 42: 'who lieconsented' corrected to 'wholie consented', as in 1587 edition.
"and foorthwith wholie consented to make a diuision of this land...."
Page 84: missing word "far" inserted, as in 1587 edition
"... Helledon parish, not far from Danberie,..."
Page 102: 'Ater' corrected to 'After', as in 1587 edition.
"After this confluence it goeth on toward the south, till it méet with a pretie brooke rising northeast of Whettell...."
Page 102: 'Done stroke' is probably a misprint for 'Dones broke' or 'Danes broke' (brook), which actually exists in the place mentioned.
Sidenote: "Done aliàs Dones broke."
Page 128: 'Monemouch' corrected to 'Monemouth' as in 'Monemouth' in previous sentence, and in 1587 edition.
"The Romenie ... is a goodlie water, and from the head a march betwéen Monemouth and Glamorgan shires."
Page 128: 'pound.' corrected to 'pounds.' as in 1587 edition.
Sidenote: "This Ile went fiftie yeares agone for x. pounds."
Page 130: 'Wormeslead' corrected to 'Wormeshead'.
"Then casting about by Oxwich point, we go onward there by, and sailing flat north by the Holme (hauing passed the Wormeshead and S. Kennets chappell) and then ... northeast by Whitford point,..."
Page 135: 'Marierdiue' corrected to 'Marierdine', as above, and as in 1587 edition. 'Monardiue' is as in 1587 edition.(It is now called 'Manordeifi', or 'Maenordeifi', and is a small village in north Pembrokeshirehttp:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manordeifi).
"... goeth by Marierdine, and so to Cardigon, taking in one rill from by north descending by Penneralt, by north of Monardiue or Marierdine,..."
Page 135: 'Oswid' corrected to 'Oscoid' as in 1587 edition.
"... Lantwood north west of Oscoid Mortemer,..."
Page 187: 'féeed' has been retained: 'fée-ed'?
"... & that euerie one which by féeed friendship (or otherwise) dooth attempt to procure oughts from the prince, that may profit but few and proue hurtfull to manie,..."
Page 202: 'Pits' corrected to 'Picts', as in 1587 edition.
"... and in all these wars against them, he had the seruice and obeisance of Scots and Picts."
Page 222: 'uame' corrected to 'name'
"They beare also the name of their high chapleins continuallie,..."
Page 223: (printer's error: ʃ (long 's') confused with 't'): 'to' corrected to 'so', as in 1587 online edition.
"... escaped to his ships, and so returned into Normandie."
Page 243: 'iarror' is unknown. Perhaps misprint for 'terrier2', Land Register, which fits the context.
From OED: terrier2, noun. Book recording site, boundaries, etc., of land of private persons or corporations; (hist.) collection of acknowledgements of vassals or tenants of a lordship.
"I haue seene and had an ancient terrier of the lands of this monasterie,..."
Page 244: 'Lindeffarne' corrected to 'Lindesfarne'.
(Printer's confusion of 'f' with ʃ (long 's'). Correct in 'Description 1').
Page 254: 'hain' (a Middle English word meaning a park or enclosure), corrected to 'haue' which fits the context.
"... so that there are not manie corporat townes now vnder the quéenes dominion, that haue not one Gramar schoole at the least, with a sufficient liuing for a maister and vsher appointed to the same."
Page 256: 'I' corrected to "In"
"In my opinion...."
Page 260: 'fiue wapentaxes'. This may be correct, or an error for 'wapentakes', which also appears.
Page 269: 'Sir Sanchet Dambricourt' corrected to 'Sir Sanchet D'Abrichecourt'.
Sir Sanchet D'Abrichecourt (c.1330-c.1360) was a French knight and a founder Knight of the Garter. His surname was alternatively spelt D'Abridgecourt, Dabridgcourt, Dabrichecourt or Aubréciourt and derived from the Hainault town of Auberchicourt. His father, Nicholas D'Abrichecourt, a nobleman from Hainault, had come to England in 1326 as an escort of Queen Isabella. (Wikipedia)
Page 274: 'ro' corrected to 'or', and 'rae' corrected to 'are', as 1587 online edition.
"But these citizens or burgesses are to serue the commonwealth in their cities and boroughs,..."
Page 282: 'savoureth' corrected to 'sauoureth', to match similar, and 1587 online edition.
"... their talke is now and then such as sauoureth of scurrilitie"
Page 287: 'calla breakefast' corrected to 'call a breakefast', as 1587 online edition.
"... although a little something was allowed in the morning to yoong children which we now call a breakefast."
Page 291: 'hous econsisting' corrected to 'house consisting', as 1587 online edition.
"... the higher or vpper house consisting of the nobilitie,..."
Page 295: 'Southampton' corrected to 'Southhampton' to match online ed.
"The borough of Southhampton."
Page 296: 'The borough of Caine' corrected to 'The borough of Calne'.
'The borough of Calne' is in Wiltshire; 'The borough of Caine' does not exist.
Page 299: 'Grecklade' corrected to 'Cricklade' (alternate spelling 'Crekelade'). 'Cricklade' occurs earlier, in the list of Wilton (Wiltshire) boroughs.
Page 332: 'alsolued' corrected to 'absolued' to match other instances on same page, and 1587 edition.
"... till by repentance he deserue to be absolued."
Page 344: 'inhabit' corrected to 'inhibit', as 1587 edition.
"... till a law was made which did inhibit and restraine them."
Page 350: 'CHAP. XIX.' (second instance) corrected to 'CHAP. XX.' (which was missing)
Page 354: 'Cydims' corrected to 'Cydnus'.
"The Cydnus in Tarsus of Cilicia, is of such vertue,..."
Page 366: 'aeader' corrected to 'reader'.
"... I might make a greater chapter than would be either conuenient or profitable to the reader:"
Note: This book contains many sidenotes, and if the screen is too wide, some sidenotes in the more densely populated areaswilloverlap, if there are more sidenotes than paragraph lines. The maximum width of the page has been set at 56em in an attempt to overcome this potential problem. Browsers vary slightly in the way they display the book, but ideally, the actual width of the page on the screen should be no more than 56em, 1000px, or about 12-13 inches, and may need to be set manually. Internet Explorer may need to be run in 'Compatibility View'.
Old English Font is used on Page iii and in the table from Page 418 to Pag 421. If this font does not show on your computer, it is available Here:[http://www.] uk-genealogy.org.uk/resources/