Chapter 3

[28]abstulit hunc tandem Rufini poena tumultum20absolvitque deos. iam non ad culmina reruminiustos crevisse queror; tolluntur in altum,ut lapsu graviore ruant. vos pandite vati,Pierides, quo tanta lues eruperit ortu.Invidiae quondam stimulis incanduit atrox25Allecto, placidas late cum cerneret urbes.protinus infernas ad limina taetra sororesconcilium deforme vocat. glomerantur in unuminnumerae pestes Erebi, quascumque sinistroNox genuit fetu: nutrix Discordia belli,30imperiosa Fames, leto vicina Senectusimpatiensque sui Morbus Livorque secundisanxius et scisso maerens velamine Luctuset Timor et caeco praeceps Audacia vultuet Luxus populator opum, quem semper adhaerens35infelix humili gressu comitatur Egestas,foedaque Avaritiae complexae pectora matrisinsomnes longo veniunt examine Curae.complentur vario ferrata sedilia coetutorvaque collectis stipatur curia monstris.40Allecto stetit in mediis vulgusque tacereiussit et obstantes in tergum reppulit anguesperque umeros errare dedit. tum corde sub imoinclusam rabidis patefecit vocibus iram:“Sicine tranquillo produci saecula cursu,45sic fortunatas patiemur vivere gentes?quae nova corrupit nostros clementia mores?quo rabies innata perit? quid inania prosuntverbera? quid facibus nequiquam cingimur atris?[29]last Rufinus’ fate has dispelled this uncertainty and freed the gods from this imputation. No longer can I complain that the unrighteous man reaches the highest pinnacle of success. He is raised aloft that he may be hurled down in more headlong ruin. Muses, unfold to your poet whence sprang this grievous pest.Dire Allecto once kindled with jealous wrath on seeing widespread peace among the cities of men. Straightway she summons the hideous council of the nether-world sisters to her foul palace gates. Hell’s numberless monsters are gathered together, Night’s children of ill-omened birth. Discord, mother of war, imperious Hunger, Age, near neighbour to Death; Disease, whose life is a burden to himself; Envy that brooks not another’s prosperity, woeful Sorrow with rent garments; Fear and foolhardy Rashness with sightless eyes; Luxury, destroyer of wealth, to whose side ever clings unhappy Want with humble tread, and the long company of sleepless Cares, hanging round the foul neck of their mother Avarice. The iron seats are filled with all this rout and the grim chamber is thronged with the monstrous crowd. Allecto stood in their midst and called for silence, thrusting behind her back the snaky hair that swept her face and letting it play over her shoulders. Then with mad utterance she unlocked the anger deep hidden in her heart.“Shall we allow the centuries to roll on in this even tenour, and man to live thus blessed? What novel kindliness has corrupted our characters? Where is our inbred fury? Of what use the lash with none to suffer beneath it? Why this purposeless girdle of smoky torches? Sluggards, ye,

[28]

abstulit hunc tandem Rufini poena tumultum20absolvitque deos. iam non ad culmina reruminiustos crevisse queror; tolluntur in altum,ut lapsu graviore ruant. vos pandite vati,Pierides, quo tanta lues eruperit ortu.Invidiae quondam stimulis incanduit atrox25Allecto, placidas late cum cerneret urbes.protinus infernas ad limina taetra sororesconcilium deforme vocat. glomerantur in unuminnumerae pestes Erebi, quascumque sinistroNox genuit fetu: nutrix Discordia belli,30imperiosa Fames, leto vicina Senectusimpatiensque sui Morbus Livorque secundisanxius et scisso maerens velamine Luctuset Timor et caeco praeceps Audacia vultuet Luxus populator opum, quem semper adhaerens35infelix humili gressu comitatur Egestas,foedaque Avaritiae complexae pectora matrisinsomnes longo veniunt examine Curae.complentur vario ferrata sedilia coetutorvaque collectis stipatur curia monstris.40Allecto stetit in mediis vulgusque tacereiussit et obstantes in tergum reppulit anguesperque umeros errare dedit. tum corde sub imoinclusam rabidis patefecit vocibus iram:“Sicine tranquillo produci saecula cursu,45sic fortunatas patiemur vivere gentes?quae nova corrupit nostros clementia mores?quo rabies innata perit? quid inania prosuntverbera? quid facibus nequiquam cingimur atris?

abstulit hunc tandem Rufini poena tumultum20

absolvitque deos. iam non ad culmina rerum

iniustos crevisse queror; tolluntur in altum,

ut lapsu graviore ruant. vos pandite vati,

Pierides, quo tanta lues eruperit ortu.

Invidiae quondam stimulis incanduit atrox25

Allecto, placidas late cum cerneret urbes.

protinus infernas ad limina taetra sorores

concilium deforme vocat. glomerantur in unum

innumerae pestes Erebi, quascumque sinistro

Nox genuit fetu: nutrix Discordia belli,30

imperiosa Fames, leto vicina Senectus

impatiensque sui Morbus Livorque secundis

anxius et scisso maerens velamine Luctus

et Timor et caeco praeceps Audacia vultu

et Luxus populator opum, quem semper adhaerens35

infelix humili gressu comitatur Egestas,

foedaque Avaritiae complexae pectora matris

insomnes longo veniunt examine Curae.

complentur vario ferrata sedilia coetu

torvaque collectis stipatur curia monstris.40

Allecto stetit in mediis vulgusque tacere

iussit et obstantes in tergum reppulit angues

perque umeros errare dedit. tum corde sub imo

inclusam rabidis patefecit vocibus iram:

“Sicine tranquillo produci saecula cursu,45

sic fortunatas patiemur vivere gentes?

quae nova corrupit nostros clementia mores?

quo rabies innata perit? quid inania prosunt

verbera? quid facibus nequiquam cingimur atris?

[29]last Rufinus’ fate has dispelled this uncertainty and freed the gods from this imputation. No longer can I complain that the unrighteous man reaches the highest pinnacle of success. He is raised aloft that he may be hurled down in more headlong ruin. Muses, unfold to your poet whence sprang this grievous pest.Dire Allecto once kindled with jealous wrath on seeing widespread peace among the cities of men. Straightway she summons the hideous council of the nether-world sisters to her foul palace gates. Hell’s numberless monsters are gathered together, Night’s children of ill-omened birth. Discord, mother of war, imperious Hunger, Age, near neighbour to Death; Disease, whose life is a burden to himself; Envy that brooks not another’s prosperity, woeful Sorrow with rent garments; Fear and foolhardy Rashness with sightless eyes; Luxury, destroyer of wealth, to whose side ever clings unhappy Want with humble tread, and the long company of sleepless Cares, hanging round the foul neck of their mother Avarice. The iron seats are filled with all this rout and the grim chamber is thronged with the monstrous crowd. Allecto stood in their midst and called for silence, thrusting behind her back the snaky hair that swept her face and letting it play over her shoulders. Then with mad utterance she unlocked the anger deep hidden in her heart.“Shall we allow the centuries to roll on in this even tenour, and man to live thus blessed? What novel kindliness has corrupted our characters? Where is our inbred fury? Of what use the lash with none to suffer beneath it? Why this purposeless girdle of smoky torches? Sluggards, ye,

[29]

last Rufinus’ fate has dispelled this uncertainty and freed the gods from this imputation. No longer can I complain that the unrighteous man reaches the highest pinnacle of success. He is raised aloft that he may be hurled down in more headlong ruin. Muses, unfold to your poet whence sprang this grievous pest.

Dire Allecto once kindled with jealous wrath on seeing widespread peace among the cities of men. Straightway she summons the hideous council of the nether-world sisters to her foul palace gates. Hell’s numberless monsters are gathered together, Night’s children of ill-omened birth. Discord, mother of war, imperious Hunger, Age, near neighbour to Death; Disease, whose life is a burden to himself; Envy that brooks not another’s prosperity, woeful Sorrow with rent garments; Fear and foolhardy Rashness with sightless eyes; Luxury, destroyer of wealth, to whose side ever clings unhappy Want with humble tread, and the long company of sleepless Cares, hanging round the foul neck of their mother Avarice. The iron seats are filled with all this rout and the grim chamber is thronged with the monstrous crowd. Allecto stood in their midst and called for silence, thrusting behind her back the snaky hair that swept her face and letting it play over her shoulders. Then with mad utterance she unlocked the anger deep hidden in her heart.

“Shall we allow the centuries to roll on in this even tenour, and man to live thus blessed? What novel kindliness has corrupted our characters? Where is our inbred fury? Of what use the lash with none to suffer beneath it? Why this purposeless girdle of smoky torches? Sluggards, ye,

[30]heu nimis ignavae, quas Iuppiter arcet Olympo,50Theodosius terris. en aurea nascitur aetas,en proles antiqua redit. Concordia, Virtuseumque Fide Pietas alta cervice vaganturinsignemque canunt nostra de plebe triumphum.pro dolor! ipsa mihi liquidas delapsa per auras55Iustitia insultat vitiisque a stirpe recisiselicit oppressas tenebroso carcere leges.at nos indecores longo torpebimus aevoomnibus eiectae regnis! agnoscite tandemquid Furias deceat; consuetas sumite vires60conventuque nefas tanto decernite dignum.iam cupio Stygiis invadere nubibus astra,iam flatu violare diem, laxare profundofrena mari, fluvios ruptis inmittere ripiset rerum vexare fidem.”Sic fata cruentum65mugiit et totos serpentum erexit hiatusnoxiaque effudit concusso crine venena.anceps motus erat vulgi. pars maxima bellumindicit superis, pars Ditis iura veretur,dissensuque alitur rumor: ceu murmurat alti70impacata quies pelagi, cum flamine fractodurat adhuc saevitque tumor dubiumque per aestumlassa recedentis fluitant vestigia venti.Improba mox surgit tristi de sede Megaera,quam penes insani fremitus animique profanus75error et undantes spumis furialibus irae:non nisi quaesitum cognata caede cruoreminlicitumve bibit, patrius quem fuderit ensis,[31]whom Jove has excluded from heaven, Theodosius from earth. Lo! a golden age begins; lo! the old breed of men returns. Peace and Godliness, Love and Honour hold high their heads throughout the world and sing a proud song of triumph over our conquered folk. Justice herself (oh the pity of it!), down-gliding through the limpid air, exults over me and, now that crime has been cut down to the roots, frees law from the dark prison wherein she lay oppressed. Shall we, expelled from every land, lie this long age in shameful torpor? Ere it be too late recognize a Fury’s duty: resume your wonted strength and decree a crime worthy of this august assembly. Fain would I shroud the stars in Stygian darkness, smirch the light of day with our breath, unbridle the ocean deeps, hurl rivers against their shattered banks, and break the bonds of the universe.”So spake she with cruel roar and uproused every gaping serpent mouth as she shook her snaky locks and scattered their baneful poison. Of two minds was the band of her sisters. The greater number was for declaring war upon heaven, yet some respected still the ordinances of Dis and the uproar grew by reason of their dissension, even as the sea’s calm is not at once restored, but the deep still thunders when, for all the wind be dropped, the swelling tide yet flows, and the last weary winds of the departing storm play o’er the tossing waves.Thereupon cruel Megaera rose from her funereal seat, mistress she of madness’ howlings and impious ill and wrath bathed in fury’s foam. No blood her drink but that flowing from kindred slaughter and forbidden crime, shed by a father’s, by a brother’s

[30]

heu nimis ignavae, quas Iuppiter arcet Olympo,50Theodosius terris. en aurea nascitur aetas,en proles antiqua redit. Concordia, Virtuseumque Fide Pietas alta cervice vaganturinsignemque canunt nostra de plebe triumphum.pro dolor! ipsa mihi liquidas delapsa per auras55Iustitia insultat vitiisque a stirpe recisiselicit oppressas tenebroso carcere leges.at nos indecores longo torpebimus aevoomnibus eiectae regnis! agnoscite tandemquid Furias deceat; consuetas sumite vires60conventuque nefas tanto decernite dignum.iam cupio Stygiis invadere nubibus astra,iam flatu violare diem, laxare profundofrena mari, fluvios ruptis inmittere ripiset rerum vexare fidem.”Sic fata cruentum65mugiit et totos serpentum erexit hiatusnoxiaque effudit concusso crine venena.anceps motus erat vulgi. pars maxima bellumindicit superis, pars Ditis iura veretur,dissensuque alitur rumor: ceu murmurat alti70impacata quies pelagi, cum flamine fractodurat adhuc saevitque tumor dubiumque per aestumlassa recedentis fluitant vestigia venti.Improba mox surgit tristi de sede Megaera,quam penes insani fremitus animique profanus75error et undantes spumis furialibus irae:non nisi quaesitum cognata caede cruoreminlicitumve bibit, patrius quem fuderit ensis,

heu nimis ignavae, quas Iuppiter arcet Olympo,50

Theodosius terris. en aurea nascitur aetas,

en proles antiqua redit. Concordia, Virtus

eumque Fide Pietas alta cervice vagantur

insignemque canunt nostra de plebe triumphum.

pro dolor! ipsa mihi liquidas delapsa per auras55

Iustitia insultat vitiisque a stirpe recisis

elicit oppressas tenebroso carcere leges.

at nos indecores longo torpebimus aevo

omnibus eiectae regnis! agnoscite tandem

quid Furias deceat; consuetas sumite vires60

conventuque nefas tanto decernite dignum.

iam cupio Stygiis invadere nubibus astra,

iam flatu violare diem, laxare profundo

frena mari, fluvios ruptis inmittere ripis

et rerum vexare fidem.”

Sic fata cruentum65

mugiit et totos serpentum erexit hiatus

noxiaque effudit concusso crine venena.

anceps motus erat vulgi. pars maxima bellum

indicit superis, pars Ditis iura veretur,

dissensuque alitur rumor: ceu murmurat alti70

impacata quies pelagi, cum flamine fracto

durat adhuc saevitque tumor dubiumque per aestum

lassa recedentis fluitant vestigia venti.

Improba mox surgit tristi de sede Megaera,

quam penes insani fremitus animique profanus75

error et undantes spumis furialibus irae:

non nisi quaesitum cognata caede cruorem

inlicitumve bibit, patrius quem fuderit ensis,

[31]whom Jove has excluded from heaven, Theodosius from earth. Lo! a golden age begins; lo! the old breed of men returns. Peace and Godliness, Love and Honour hold high their heads throughout the world and sing a proud song of triumph over our conquered folk. Justice herself (oh the pity of it!), down-gliding through the limpid air, exults over me and, now that crime has been cut down to the roots, frees law from the dark prison wherein she lay oppressed. Shall we, expelled from every land, lie this long age in shameful torpor? Ere it be too late recognize a Fury’s duty: resume your wonted strength and decree a crime worthy of this august assembly. Fain would I shroud the stars in Stygian darkness, smirch the light of day with our breath, unbridle the ocean deeps, hurl rivers against their shattered banks, and break the bonds of the universe.”So spake she with cruel roar and uproused every gaping serpent mouth as she shook her snaky locks and scattered their baneful poison. Of two minds was the band of her sisters. The greater number was for declaring war upon heaven, yet some respected still the ordinances of Dis and the uproar grew by reason of their dissension, even as the sea’s calm is not at once restored, but the deep still thunders when, for all the wind be dropped, the swelling tide yet flows, and the last weary winds of the departing storm play o’er the tossing waves.Thereupon cruel Megaera rose from her funereal seat, mistress she of madness’ howlings and impious ill and wrath bathed in fury’s foam. No blood her drink but that flowing from kindred slaughter and forbidden crime, shed by a father’s, by a brother’s

[31]

whom Jove has excluded from heaven, Theodosius from earth. Lo! a golden age begins; lo! the old breed of men returns. Peace and Godliness, Love and Honour hold high their heads throughout the world and sing a proud song of triumph over our conquered folk. Justice herself (oh the pity of it!), down-gliding through the limpid air, exults over me and, now that crime has been cut down to the roots, frees law from the dark prison wherein she lay oppressed. Shall we, expelled from every land, lie this long age in shameful torpor? Ere it be too late recognize a Fury’s duty: resume your wonted strength and decree a crime worthy of this august assembly. Fain would I shroud the stars in Stygian darkness, smirch the light of day with our breath, unbridle the ocean deeps, hurl rivers against their shattered banks, and break the bonds of the universe.”

So spake she with cruel roar and uproused every gaping serpent mouth as she shook her snaky locks and scattered their baneful poison. Of two minds was the band of her sisters. The greater number was for declaring war upon heaven, yet some respected still the ordinances of Dis and the uproar grew by reason of their dissension, even as the sea’s calm is not at once restored, but the deep still thunders when, for all the wind be dropped, the swelling tide yet flows, and the last weary winds of the departing storm play o’er the tossing waves.

Thereupon cruel Megaera rose from her funereal seat, mistress she of madness’ howlings and impious ill and wrath bathed in fury’s foam. No blood her drink but that flowing from kindred slaughter and forbidden crime, shed by a father’s, by a brother’s

[32]quem dederint fratres; haec terruit Herculis oraet defensores terrarum polluit arcus,80haec Athamanteae direxit spicula dextrae,haec Agamemnonios inter bacchata penatesalternis lusit iugulis; hac auspice taedaeOedipoden matri, natae iunxere Thyesten.quae tune horrisonis effatur talia dictis:85“Signa quidem, sociae, divos attollere contranec fas est nec posse reor; sed laedere mundumsi libet et populis commune intendere letum.est mihi prodigium cunctis inmanius hydris,tigride mobilius feta, violentius Austris90acribus, Euripi fulvis incertius undisRufinus, quem prima meo de matre cadentemsuscepi gremio. parvus reptavit in istosaepe sinu teneroque per ardua colla volutusubera quaesivit fletu linguisque trisulcis95mollia lambentes finxerunt membra cerastae;meque etiam tradente dolos artesque nocendiedidicit: simulare fidem sensusque minacesprotegere et blando fraudem praetexere risu,plenus saevitiae lucrique cupidine fervens.100non Tartesiacis ilium satiaret harenistempestas pretiosa Tagi, non stagna rubentisaurea Pactoli; totumque exhauserit Hermum,ardebit maiore siti. quam fallere mentesdoctus et unanimos odiis turbare sodales!105talem progenies hominum si prisca tulisset,Perithoum fugeret Theseus, offensus Orestemdesereret Pylades, odisset Castora Pollux.ipsa quidem fateor vinci rapidoque magistram[33]sword. ’Twas she made e’en Hercules afraid and brought shame upon that bow that had freed the world of monsters; she aimed the arrow in Athamas’[49]hand: she took her pleasure in murder after murder, a mad fury in Agamemnon’s palace; beneath her auspices wedlock mated Oedipus with his mother and Thyestes with his daughter. Thus then she speaks with dread-sounding words:“To raise our standards against the gods, my sisters, is neither right nor, methinks, possible; but hurt the world we may, if such our wish, and bring an universal destruction upon its inhabitants. I have a monster more savage than the hydra brood, swifter than the mother tigress, fiercer than the south wind’s blast, more treacherous than Euripus’ yellow flood—Rufinus. I was the first to gather him, a new-born babe, to my bosom. Often did the child nestle in mine embrace and seek my breast, his arms thrown about my neck in a flood of infant tears. My snakes shaped his soft limbs licking them with their three-forked tongues. I taught him guile whereby he learnt the arts of injury and deceit, how to conceal the intended menace and cover his treachery with a smile, full-filled with savagery and hot with lust of gain. Him nor the sands of rich Tagus’ flood by Tartessus’ town could satisfy nor the golden waters of ruddy Pactolus; should he drink all Hermus’ stream he would parch with the greedier thirst. How skilled to deceive and wreck friendships with hate! Had that old generation of men produced such an one as he, Theseus had fled Pirithous, Pylades deserted Orestes in wrath, Pollux hated Castor. I confess myself his inferior: his quick genius has outstripped[49]Athamas, king of Orchomenus, murdered his son Learchus in a fit of madness.

[32]

quem dederint fratres; haec terruit Herculis oraet defensores terrarum polluit arcus,80haec Athamanteae direxit spicula dextrae,haec Agamemnonios inter bacchata penatesalternis lusit iugulis; hac auspice taedaeOedipoden matri, natae iunxere Thyesten.quae tune horrisonis effatur talia dictis:85“Signa quidem, sociae, divos attollere contranec fas est nec posse reor; sed laedere mundumsi libet et populis commune intendere letum.est mihi prodigium cunctis inmanius hydris,tigride mobilius feta, violentius Austris90acribus, Euripi fulvis incertius undisRufinus, quem prima meo de matre cadentemsuscepi gremio. parvus reptavit in istosaepe sinu teneroque per ardua colla volutusubera quaesivit fletu linguisque trisulcis95mollia lambentes finxerunt membra cerastae;meque etiam tradente dolos artesque nocendiedidicit: simulare fidem sensusque minacesprotegere et blando fraudem praetexere risu,plenus saevitiae lucrique cupidine fervens.100non Tartesiacis ilium satiaret harenistempestas pretiosa Tagi, non stagna rubentisaurea Pactoli; totumque exhauserit Hermum,ardebit maiore siti. quam fallere mentesdoctus et unanimos odiis turbare sodales!105talem progenies hominum si prisca tulisset,Perithoum fugeret Theseus, offensus Orestemdesereret Pylades, odisset Castora Pollux.ipsa quidem fateor vinci rapidoque magistram

quem dederint fratres; haec terruit Herculis ora

et defensores terrarum polluit arcus,80

haec Athamanteae direxit spicula dextrae,

haec Agamemnonios inter bacchata penates

alternis lusit iugulis; hac auspice taedae

Oedipoden matri, natae iunxere Thyesten.

quae tune horrisonis effatur talia dictis:85

“Signa quidem, sociae, divos attollere contra

nec fas est nec posse reor; sed laedere mundum

si libet et populis commune intendere letum.

est mihi prodigium cunctis inmanius hydris,

tigride mobilius feta, violentius Austris90

acribus, Euripi fulvis incertius undis

Rufinus, quem prima meo de matre cadentem

suscepi gremio. parvus reptavit in isto

saepe sinu teneroque per ardua colla volutus

ubera quaesivit fletu linguisque trisulcis95

mollia lambentes finxerunt membra cerastae;

meque etiam tradente dolos artesque nocendi

edidicit: simulare fidem sensusque minaces

protegere et blando fraudem praetexere risu,

plenus saevitiae lucrique cupidine fervens.100

non Tartesiacis ilium satiaret harenis

tempestas pretiosa Tagi, non stagna rubentis

aurea Pactoli; totumque exhauserit Hermum,

ardebit maiore siti. quam fallere mentes

doctus et unanimos odiis turbare sodales!105

talem progenies hominum si prisca tulisset,

Perithoum fugeret Theseus, offensus Orestem

desereret Pylades, odisset Castora Pollux.

ipsa quidem fateor vinci rapidoque magistram

[33]sword. ’Twas she made e’en Hercules afraid and brought shame upon that bow that had freed the world of monsters; she aimed the arrow in Athamas’[49]hand: she took her pleasure in murder after murder, a mad fury in Agamemnon’s palace; beneath her auspices wedlock mated Oedipus with his mother and Thyestes with his daughter. Thus then she speaks with dread-sounding words:“To raise our standards against the gods, my sisters, is neither right nor, methinks, possible; but hurt the world we may, if such our wish, and bring an universal destruction upon its inhabitants. I have a monster more savage than the hydra brood, swifter than the mother tigress, fiercer than the south wind’s blast, more treacherous than Euripus’ yellow flood—Rufinus. I was the first to gather him, a new-born babe, to my bosom. Often did the child nestle in mine embrace and seek my breast, his arms thrown about my neck in a flood of infant tears. My snakes shaped his soft limbs licking them with their three-forked tongues. I taught him guile whereby he learnt the arts of injury and deceit, how to conceal the intended menace and cover his treachery with a smile, full-filled with savagery and hot with lust of gain. Him nor the sands of rich Tagus’ flood by Tartessus’ town could satisfy nor the golden waters of ruddy Pactolus; should he drink all Hermus’ stream he would parch with the greedier thirst. How skilled to deceive and wreck friendships with hate! Had that old generation of men produced such an one as he, Theseus had fled Pirithous, Pylades deserted Orestes in wrath, Pollux hated Castor. I confess myself his inferior: his quick genius has outstripped[49]Athamas, king of Orchomenus, murdered his son Learchus in a fit of madness.

[33]

sword. ’Twas she made e’en Hercules afraid and brought shame upon that bow that had freed the world of monsters; she aimed the arrow in Athamas’[49]hand: she took her pleasure in murder after murder, a mad fury in Agamemnon’s palace; beneath her auspices wedlock mated Oedipus with his mother and Thyestes with his daughter. Thus then she speaks with dread-sounding words:

“To raise our standards against the gods, my sisters, is neither right nor, methinks, possible; but hurt the world we may, if such our wish, and bring an universal destruction upon its inhabitants. I have a monster more savage than the hydra brood, swifter than the mother tigress, fiercer than the south wind’s blast, more treacherous than Euripus’ yellow flood—Rufinus. I was the first to gather him, a new-born babe, to my bosom. Often did the child nestle in mine embrace and seek my breast, his arms thrown about my neck in a flood of infant tears. My snakes shaped his soft limbs licking them with their three-forked tongues. I taught him guile whereby he learnt the arts of injury and deceit, how to conceal the intended menace and cover his treachery with a smile, full-filled with savagery and hot with lust of gain. Him nor the sands of rich Tagus’ flood by Tartessus’ town could satisfy nor the golden waters of ruddy Pactolus; should he drink all Hermus’ stream he would parch with the greedier thirst. How skilled to deceive and wreck friendships with hate! Had that old generation of men produced such an one as he, Theseus had fled Pirithous, Pylades deserted Orestes in wrath, Pollux hated Castor. I confess myself his inferior: his quick genius has outstripped

[49]Athamas, king of Orchomenus, murdered his son Learchus in a fit of madness.

[34]praevenit ingenio; nec plus sermone morabor:110solus habet scelerum quidquid possedimus omnes.hunc ego, si vestrae res est accommoda turbae,regalem ad summi producam principis aulam.sit licet ipse Numa gravior, sit denique Minos,cedet et insidiis nostri flectetur alumni.”115Orantem sequitur clamor cunctaeque profanasporrexere manus inventaque tristia laudant.illa ubi caeruleo vestes conexuit anguenodavitque adamante comas, Phlegethonta sonorumposcit et ambusto flagrantis ab aggere ripae120ingentem piceo succendit gurgite pinumpigraque veloces per Tartara concutit alas.Est locus extremum pandit qua Gallia litusOceani praetentus aquis, ubi fertur Ulixessanguine libato populum movisse silentem.125illic umbrarum tenui stridore volantumflebilis auditur questus; simulacra colonipallida defunctasque vident migrare figuras.hinc dea prosiluit Phoebique egressa serenosinfecit radios ululatuque aethera rupit130terrifico: sentit ferale Britannia murmuret Senonum quatit arva fragor revolutaque Tethyssubstitit et Rhenus proiecta torpuit urna.tunc in canitiem mutatis sponte colubrislongaevum mentita senem rugisque seueras135persulcata genas et ficto languida passuinvadit muros Elusae, notissima dudum[35]his preceptress: in a word (that I waste not your time further) all the wickedness that is ours in common is his alone. Him will I introduce, if the plan commend itself to you, to the kingly palace of the emperor of the world. Be he wiser than Numa, be he Minos’ self, needs must he yield and succumb to the treachery of my foster child.”A shout followed her words: all stretched forth their impious hands and applauded the awful plot. When Megaera had gathered together her dress with the black serpent that girdled her, and bound her hair with combs of steel, she approached the sounding stream of Phlegethon, and seizing a tall pine-tree from the scorched summit of the flaming bank kindled it in the pitchy flood, then plied her swift wings o’er sluggish Tartarus.There is a place where Gaul stretches her furthermost shore spread out before the waves of Ocean: ’tis there that Ulysses is said to have called up the silent ghosts with a libation of blood. There is heard the mournful weeping of the spirits of the dead as they flit by with faint sound of wings, and the inhabitants see the pale ghosts pass and the shades of the dead. ’Twas from here the goddess leapt forth, dimmed the sun’s fair beams and clave the sky with horrid howlings. Britain felt the deadly sound, the noise shook the country of the Senones,[50]Tethys stayed her tide, and Rhine let fall his urn and shrank his stream. Thereupon, in the guise of an old man, her serpent locks changed at her desire to snowy hair, her dread cheeks furrowed with many a wrinkle and feigning weariness in her gait she enters the walls of Elusa,[51]in search of the house she had long known so well. Long[50]Their territory lay some sixty miles S.E. of Paris. Its chief town was Agedincum (mod. Sens).[51]Elusa (the modern Eauze in the Department of Gers) was the birthplace of Rufinus (cf.Zosim. iv. 51. 1).

[34]

praevenit ingenio; nec plus sermone morabor:110solus habet scelerum quidquid possedimus omnes.hunc ego, si vestrae res est accommoda turbae,regalem ad summi producam principis aulam.sit licet ipse Numa gravior, sit denique Minos,cedet et insidiis nostri flectetur alumni.”115Orantem sequitur clamor cunctaeque profanasporrexere manus inventaque tristia laudant.illa ubi caeruleo vestes conexuit anguenodavitque adamante comas, Phlegethonta sonorumposcit et ambusto flagrantis ab aggere ripae120ingentem piceo succendit gurgite pinumpigraque veloces per Tartara concutit alas.Est locus extremum pandit qua Gallia litusOceani praetentus aquis, ubi fertur Ulixessanguine libato populum movisse silentem.125illic umbrarum tenui stridore volantumflebilis auditur questus; simulacra colonipallida defunctasque vident migrare figuras.hinc dea prosiluit Phoebique egressa serenosinfecit radios ululatuque aethera rupit130terrifico: sentit ferale Britannia murmuret Senonum quatit arva fragor revolutaque Tethyssubstitit et Rhenus proiecta torpuit urna.tunc in canitiem mutatis sponte colubrislongaevum mentita senem rugisque seueras135persulcata genas et ficto languida passuinvadit muros Elusae, notissima dudum

praevenit ingenio; nec plus sermone morabor:110

solus habet scelerum quidquid possedimus omnes.

hunc ego, si vestrae res est accommoda turbae,

regalem ad summi producam principis aulam.

sit licet ipse Numa gravior, sit denique Minos,

cedet et insidiis nostri flectetur alumni.”115

Orantem sequitur clamor cunctaeque profanas

porrexere manus inventaque tristia laudant.

illa ubi caeruleo vestes conexuit angue

nodavitque adamante comas, Phlegethonta sonorum

poscit et ambusto flagrantis ab aggere ripae120

ingentem piceo succendit gurgite pinum

pigraque veloces per Tartara concutit alas.

Est locus extremum pandit qua Gallia litus

Oceani praetentus aquis, ubi fertur Ulixes

sanguine libato populum movisse silentem.125

illic umbrarum tenui stridore volantum

flebilis auditur questus; simulacra coloni

pallida defunctasque vident migrare figuras.

hinc dea prosiluit Phoebique egressa serenos

infecit radios ululatuque aethera rupit130

terrifico: sentit ferale Britannia murmur

et Senonum quatit arva fragor revolutaque Tethys

substitit et Rhenus proiecta torpuit urna.

tunc in canitiem mutatis sponte colubris

longaevum mentita senem rugisque seueras135

persulcata genas et ficto languida passu

invadit muros Elusae, notissima dudum

[35]his preceptress: in a word (that I waste not your time further) all the wickedness that is ours in common is his alone. Him will I introduce, if the plan commend itself to you, to the kingly palace of the emperor of the world. Be he wiser than Numa, be he Minos’ self, needs must he yield and succumb to the treachery of my foster child.”A shout followed her words: all stretched forth their impious hands and applauded the awful plot. When Megaera had gathered together her dress with the black serpent that girdled her, and bound her hair with combs of steel, she approached the sounding stream of Phlegethon, and seizing a tall pine-tree from the scorched summit of the flaming bank kindled it in the pitchy flood, then plied her swift wings o’er sluggish Tartarus.There is a place where Gaul stretches her furthermost shore spread out before the waves of Ocean: ’tis there that Ulysses is said to have called up the silent ghosts with a libation of blood. There is heard the mournful weeping of the spirits of the dead as they flit by with faint sound of wings, and the inhabitants see the pale ghosts pass and the shades of the dead. ’Twas from here the goddess leapt forth, dimmed the sun’s fair beams and clave the sky with horrid howlings. Britain felt the deadly sound, the noise shook the country of the Senones,[50]Tethys stayed her tide, and Rhine let fall his urn and shrank his stream. Thereupon, in the guise of an old man, her serpent locks changed at her desire to snowy hair, her dread cheeks furrowed with many a wrinkle and feigning weariness in her gait she enters the walls of Elusa,[51]in search of the house she had long known so well. Long[50]Their territory lay some sixty miles S.E. of Paris. Its chief town was Agedincum (mod. Sens).[51]Elusa (the modern Eauze in the Department of Gers) was the birthplace of Rufinus (cf.Zosim. iv. 51. 1).

[35]

his preceptress: in a word (that I waste not your time further) all the wickedness that is ours in common is his alone. Him will I introduce, if the plan commend itself to you, to the kingly palace of the emperor of the world. Be he wiser than Numa, be he Minos’ self, needs must he yield and succumb to the treachery of my foster child.”

A shout followed her words: all stretched forth their impious hands and applauded the awful plot. When Megaera had gathered together her dress with the black serpent that girdled her, and bound her hair with combs of steel, she approached the sounding stream of Phlegethon, and seizing a tall pine-tree from the scorched summit of the flaming bank kindled it in the pitchy flood, then plied her swift wings o’er sluggish Tartarus.

There is a place where Gaul stretches her furthermost shore spread out before the waves of Ocean: ’tis there that Ulysses is said to have called up the silent ghosts with a libation of blood. There is heard the mournful weeping of the spirits of the dead as they flit by with faint sound of wings, and the inhabitants see the pale ghosts pass and the shades of the dead. ’Twas from here the goddess leapt forth, dimmed the sun’s fair beams and clave the sky with horrid howlings. Britain felt the deadly sound, the noise shook the country of the Senones,[50]Tethys stayed her tide, and Rhine let fall his urn and shrank his stream. Thereupon, in the guise of an old man, her serpent locks changed at her desire to snowy hair, her dread cheeks furrowed with many a wrinkle and feigning weariness in her gait she enters the walls of Elusa,[51]in search of the house she had long known so well. Long

[50]Their territory lay some sixty miles S.E. of Paris. Its chief town was Agedincum (mod. Sens).

[51]Elusa (the modern Eauze in the Department of Gers) was the birthplace of Rufinus (cf.Zosim. iv. 51. 1).

[36]tecta petens, oculisque diu liventibus haesitpeiorem mirata virum, tum talia fatur:“Otia te, Rufine, iuvant frustraque iuventae140consumis florem patriis inglorius arvis?heu nescis quid fata tibi, quid sidera debent,quid Fortuna parat: toto dominabere mundo,si parere velis! artus ne sperne seniles!namque mihi magicae vires aevique futuri145praescius ardor inest; novi quo Thessala cantueripiat lunare iubar, quid signa sagacisAegypti valeant, qua gens Chaldaea vocatisimperet arte deis, nec me latuere fluentesarboribus suci funestarumque potestas150herbarum, quidquid letali gramine pollensCaucasus et Scythicae vernant in crimina[52]rupes,quas legit Medea ferox et callida Circe.saepius horrendos manes sacrisque litavinocturnis Hecaten et condita funera traxi155carminibus victura meis, multosque canendo,quamvis Parcarum restarent fila, peremi.ire vagas quercus et fulmen stare coegiversaque non prono curvavi flumina lapsuin fontes reditura suos. ne vana locutum160me fortasse putes, mutatos cerne penates.”dixerat, et niveae (mirum!) coepere columnaeditari subitoque trabes lucere metallo.Inlecebris capitur nimiumque elatus avaropascitur aspectu. sic rex ad prima tumebat165[52]graminaE: other codd.gramine. Birt conjecturestoxica, Heinsiuscarmina. I take Postgate’scrimina.[37]she stood and gazed with jealous eyes, marvelling at a man worse than herself; then spake she thus: “Does ease content thee, Rufinus? Wastest thou in vain the flower of thy youth inglorious thus in thy father’s fields? Thou knowest not what fate and the stars owe thee, what fortune makes ready. So thou wilt obey me thou shalt be lord of the whole world. Despise not an old man’s feeble limbs: I have the gift of magic and the fire of prophecy is within me. I have learned the incantations wherewith Thessalian witches pull down the bright moon, I know the meaning of the wise Egyptians’ runes, the art whereby the Chaldeans impose their will upon the subject gods, the various saps that flow within trees and the power of deadly herbs; all those that grow on Caucasus rich in poisonous plants, or, to man’s bane, clothe the crags of Scythia; herbs such as cruel Medea gathered and curious Circe. Often in nocturnal rites have I sought to propitiate the dread ghosts and Hecate, and recalled the shades of buried men to live again by my magic: many, too, has my wizardry brought to destruction though the Fates had yet somewhat of their life’s thread to spin. I have caused oaks to walk and the thunderbolt to stay his course, aye, and made rivers reverse their course and flow backwards to their fount. Lest thou perchance think these be but idle boasts behold the change of thine own house.” At these words the white pillars, to his amazement, began to turn into gold and the beams of a sudden to shine with metal.His senses are captured by the bait, and, thrilled beyond measure, he feasts his greedy eyes on the sight. So Midas, king of Lydia, swelled at first

[36]

tecta petens, oculisque diu liventibus haesitpeiorem mirata virum, tum talia fatur:“Otia te, Rufine, iuvant frustraque iuventae140consumis florem patriis inglorius arvis?heu nescis quid fata tibi, quid sidera debent,quid Fortuna parat: toto dominabere mundo,si parere velis! artus ne sperne seniles!namque mihi magicae vires aevique futuri145praescius ardor inest; novi quo Thessala cantueripiat lunare iubar, quid signa sagacisAegypti valeant, qua gens Chaldaea vocatisimperet arte deis, nec me latuere fluentesarboribus suci funestarumque potestas150herbarum, quidquid letali gramine pollensCaucasus et Scythicae vernant in crimina[52]rupes,quas legit Medea ferox et callida Circe.saepius horrendos manes sacrisque litavinocturnis Hecaten et condita funera traxi155carminibus victura meis, multosque canendo,quamvis Parcarum restarent fila, peremi.ire vagas quercus et fulmen stare coegiversaque non prono curvavi flumina lapsuin fontes reditura suos. ne vana locutum160me fortasse putes, mutatos cerne penates.”dixerat, et niveae (mirum!) coepere columnaeditari subitoque trabes lucere metallo.Inlecebris capitur nimiumque elatus avaropascitur aspectu. sic rex ad prima tumebat165

tecta petens, oculisque diu liventibus haesit

peiorem mirata virum, tum talia fatur:

“Otia te, Rufine, iuvant frustraque iuventae140

consumis florem patriis inglorius arvis?

heu nescis quid fata tibi, quid sidera debent,

quid Fortuna parat: toto dominabere mundo,

si parere velis! artus ne sperne seniles!

namque mihi magicae vires aevique futuri145

praescius ardor inest; novi quo Thessala cantu

eripiat lunare iubar, quid signa sagacis

Aegypti valeant, qua gens Chaldaea vocatis

imperet arte deis, nec me latuere fluentes

arboribus suci funestarumque potestas150

herbarum, quidquid letali gramine pollens

Caucasus et Scythicae vernant in crimina[52]rupes,

quas legit Medea ferox et callida Circe.

saepius horrendos manes sacrisque litavi

nocturnis Hecaten et condita funera traxi155

carminibus victura meis, multosque canendo,

quamvis Parcarum restarent fila, peremi.

ire vagas quercus et fulmen stare coegi

versaque non prono curvavi flumina lapsu

in fontes reditura suos. ne vana locutum160

me fortasse putes, mutatos cerne penates.”

dixerat, et niveae (mirum!) coepere columnae

ditari subitoque trabes lucere metallo.

Inlecebris capitur nimiumque elatus avaro

pascitur aspectu. sic rex ad prima tumebat165

[52]graminaE: other codd.gramine. Birt conjecturestoxica, Heinsiuscarmina. I take Postgate’scrimina.

[37]she stood and gazed with jealous eyes, marvelling at a man worse than herself; then spake she thus: “Does ease content thee, Rufinus? Wastest thou in vain the flower of thy youth inglorious thus in thy father’s fields? Thou knowest not what fate and the stars owe thee, what fortune makes ready. So thou wilt obey me thou shalt be lord of the whole world. Despise not an old man’s feeble limbs: I have the gift of magic and the fire of prophecy is within me. I have learned the incantations wherewith Thessalian witches pull down the bright moon, I know the meaning of the wise Egyptians’ runes, the art whereby the Chaldeans impose their will upon the subject gods, the various saps that flow within trees and the power of deadly herbs; all those that grow on Caucasus rich in poisonous plants, or, to man’s bane, clothe the crags of Scythia; herbs such as cruel Medea gathered and curious Circe. Often in nocturnal rites have I sought to propitiate the dread ghosts and Hecate, and recalled the shades of buried men to live again by my magic: many, too, has my wizardry brought to destruction though the Fates had yet somewhat of their life’s thread to spin. I have caused oaks to walk and the thunderbolt to stay his course, aye, and made rivers reverse their course and flow backwards to their fount. Lest thou perchance think these be but idle boasts behold the change of thine own house.” At these words the white pillars, to his amazement, began to turn into gold and the beams of a sudden to shine with metal.His senses are captured by the bait, and, thrilled beyond measure, he feasts his greedy eyes on the sight. So Midas, king of Lydia, swelled at first

[37]

she stood and gazed with jealous eyes, marvelling at a man worse than herself; then spake she thus: “Does ease content thee, Rufinus? Wastest thou in vain the flower of thy youth inglorious thus in thy father’s fields? Thou knowest not what fate and the stars owe thee, what fortune makes ready. So thou wilt obey me thou shalt be lord of the whole world. Despise not an old man’s feeble limbs: I have the gift of magic and the fire of prophecy is within me. I have learned the incantations wherewith Thessalian witches pull down the bright moon, I know the meaning of the wise Egyptians’ runes, the art whereby the Chaldeans impose their will upon the subject gods, the various saps that flow within trees and the power of deadly herbs; all those that grow on Caucasus rich in poisonous plants, or, to man’s bane, clothe the crags of Scythia; herbs such as cruel Medea gathered and curious Circe. Often in nocturnal rites have I sought to propitiate the dread ghosts and Hecate, and recalled the shades of buried men to live again by my magic: many, too, has my wizardry brought to destruction though the Fates had yet somewhat of their life’s thread to spin. I have caused oaks to walk and the thunderbolt to stay his course, aye, and made rivers reverse their course and flow backwards to their fount. Lest thou perchance think these be but idle boasts behold the change of thine own house.” At these words the white pillars, to his amazement, began to turn into gold and the beams of a sudden to shine with metal.

His senses are captured by the bait, and, thrilled beyond measure, he feasts his greedy eyes on the sight. So Midas, king of Lydia, swelled at first

[38]Maeonius, pulchro cum verteret omnia tactu;sed postquam riguisse dapes fulvamque revinctosin glaciem vidit latices, tum munus acerbumsensit et inviso votum damnavit in auro.ergo animi victus “sequimur quocumque vocabis,170seu tu vir seu numen” ait, patriaque relictaEoas Furiae iussu tendebat ad arcesinstabilesque olim Symplegadas et freta remisinclita Thessalicis, celsa qua Bosphorus urbesplendet et Odrysiis Asiam discriminat oris.175Ut longum permensus iter ductusque malignostamine fatorum claram subrepsit in aulam,ilicet ambitio nasci, discedere rectum,venum cuncta dari; profert arcana, clientesfallit et ambitos a principe vendit honores.180ingeminat crimen, commoti pectoris ignemnutrit et exiguum stimulando vulnus acerbat.ac velut innumeros amnes accedere Nereusnescit et undantem quamvis hinc hauriat Histrum,hinc bibat aestivum septeno gurgite Nilum,185par semper similisque manet: sic fluctibus auriexpleri calor ille nequit. cuicumque monilecontextum gemmis aut praedia culta fuissent,Rufino populandus erat, dominoque parabatexitium fecundus ager; metuenda colonis190fertilitas: laribus pellit, detrudit avitis[39]with pride when he found he could transform everything he touched to gold: but when he beheld his food grow rigid and his drink harden into golden ice then he understood that this gift was a bane and in his loathing for the gold cursed his prayer. Thus Rufinus, overcome, cried out: “Whithersoever thou summonest me I follow, be thou man or god.” Then at the Fury’s bidding he left his fatherland and approached the cities of the East, threading the once floating Symplegades and the seas renowned for the voyage of the Argo, ship of Thessaly, till he came to where, beneath its high-walled town, the gleaming Bosporus separates Asia from the Thracian coast.When he had completed this long journey and, led by the evil thread of the fates, had won his way into the far-famed palace, then did ambition straightway come to birth and right was no more. Everything had its price. He betrayed secrets, deceived dependents, and sold honours that had been wheedled from the emperor. He followed up one crime with another, heaping fuel on the inflamed mind and probing and embittering the erstwhile trivial wound. And yet, as Nereus knows no addition from the infinitude of rivers that flow into him and though here he drains Danube’s wave and there Nile’s summer flood with its sevenfold mouth, yet ever remains his same and constant self, so Rufinus’ thirst knew no abatement for all the streams of gold that flowed in upon him. Had any a necklace studded with jewels or a fertile demesne he was sure prey for Rufinus: a rich property assured the ruin of its own possessor: fertility was the husbandman’s bane. He drives them from their homes, expels them from the lands their sires had

[38]

Maeonius, pulchro cum verteret omnia tactu;sed postquam riguisse dapes fulvamque revinctosin glaciem vidit latices, tum munus acerbumsensit et inviso votum damnavit in auro.ergo animi victus “sequimur quocumque vocabis,170seu tu vir seu numen” ait, patriaque relictaEoas Furiae iussu tendebat ad arcesinstabilesque olim Symplegadas et freta remisinclita Thessalicis, celsa qua Bosphorus urbesplendet et Odrysiis Asiam discriminat oris.175Ut longum permensus iter ductusque malignostamine fatorum claram subrepsit in aulam,ilicet ambitio nasci, discedere rectum,venum cuncta dari; profert arcana, clientesfallit et ambitos a principe vendit honores.180ingeminat crimen, commoti pectoris ignemnutrit et exiguum stimulando vulnus acerbat.ac velut innumeros amnes accedere Nereusnescit et undantem quamvis hinc hauriat Histrum,hinc bibat aestivum septeno gurgite Nilum,185par semper similisque manet: sic fluctibus auriexpleri calor ille nequit. cuicumque monilecontextum gemmis aut praedia culta fuissent,Rufino populandus erat, dominoque parabatexitium fecundus ager; metuenda colonis190fertilitas: laribus pellit, detrudit avitis

Maeonius, pulchro cum verteret omnia tactu;

sed postquam riguisse dapes fulvamque revinctos

in glaciem vidit latices, tum munus acerbum

sensit et inviso votum damnavit in auro.

ergo animi victus “sequimur quocumque vocabis,170

seu tu vir seu numen” ait, patriaque relicta

Eoas Furiae iussu tendebat ad arces

instabilesque olim Symplegadas et freta remis

inclita Thessalicis, celsa qua Bosphorus urbe

splendet et Odrysiis Asiam discriminat oris.175

Ut longum permensus iter ductusque maligno

stamine fatorum claram subrepsit in aulam,

ilicet ambitio nasci, discedere rectum,

venum cuncta dari; profert arcana, clientes

fallit et ambitos a principe vendit honores.180

ingeminat crimen, commoti pectoris ignem

nutrit et exiguum stimulando vulnus acerbat.

ac velut innumeros amnes accedere Nereus

nescit et undantem quamvis hinc hauriat Histrum,

hinc bibat aestivum septeno gurgite Nilum,185

par semper similisque manet: sic fluctibus auri

expleri calor ille nequit. cuicumque monile

contextum gemmis aut praedia culta fuissent,

Rufino populandus erat, dominoque parabat

exitium fecundus ager; metuenda colonis190

fertilitas: laribus pellit, detrudit avitis

[39]with pride when he found he could transform everything he touched to gold: but when he beheld his food grow rigid and his drink harden into golden ice then he understood that this gift was a bane and in his loathing for the gold cursed his prayer. Thus Rufinus, overcome, cried out: “Whithersoever thou summonest me I follow, be thou man or god.” Then at the Fury’s bidding he left his fatherland and approached the cities of the East, threading the once floating Symplegades and the seas renowned for the voyage of the Argo, ship of Thessaly, till he came to where, beneath its high-walled town, the gleaming Bosporus separates Asia from the Thracian coast.When he had completed this long journey and, led by the evil thread of the fates, had won his way into the far-famed palace, then did ambition straightway come to birth and right was no more. Everything had its price. He betrayed secrets, deceived dependents, and sold honours that had been wheedled from the emperor. He followed up one crime with another, heaping fuel on the inflamed mind and probing and embittering the erstwhile trivial wound. And yet, as Nereus knows no addition from the infinitude of rivers that flow into him and though here he drains Danube’s wave and there Nile’s summer flood with its sevenfold mouth, yet ever remains his same and constant self, so Rufinus’ thirst knew no abatement for all the streams of gold that flowed in upon him. Had any a necklace studded with jewels or a fertile demesne he was sure prey for Rufinus: a rich property assured the ruin of its own possessor: fertility was the husbandman’s bane. He drives them from their homes, expels them from the lands their sires had

[39]

with pride when he found he could transform everything he touched to gold: but when he beheld his food grow rigid and his drink harden into golden ice then he understood that this gift was a bane and in his loathing for the gold cursed his prayer. Thus Rufinus, overcome, cried out: “Whithersoever thou summonest me I follow, be thou man or god.” Then at the Fury’s bidding he left his fatherland and approached the cities of the East, threading the once floating Symplegades and the seas renowned for the voyage of the Argo, ship of Thessaly, till he came to where, beneath its high-walled town, the gleaming Bosporus separates Asia from the Thracian coast.

When he had completed this long journey and, led by the evil thread of the fates, had won his way into the far-famed palace, then did ambition straightway come to birth and right was no more. Everything had its price. He betrayed secrets, deceived dependents, and sold honours that had been wheedled from the emperor. He followed up one crime with another, heaping fuel on the inflamed mind and probing and embittering the erstwhile trivial wound. And yet, as Nereus knows no addition from the infinitude of rivers that flow into him and though here he drains Danube’s wave and there Nile’s summer flood with its sevenfold mouth, yet ever remains his same and constant self, so Rufinus’ thirst knew no abatement for all the streams of gold that flowed in upon him. Had any a necklace studded with jewels or a fertile demesne he was sure prey for Rufinus: a rich property assured the ruin of its own possessor: fertility was the husbandman’s bane. He drives them from their homes, expels them from the lands their sires had

[40]finibus; aut aufert vivis aut occupat herescongestae cumulantur opes orbisque ruinasaccipit una domus: populi servire coactiplenaque privato succumbunt oppida regno.195Quo, vesane, ruis? teneas utrumque licebitOceanum, laxet rutilos tibi Lydia fontes,iungatur solium Croesi Cyrique tiara:numquam dives eris, numquam satiabere quaestu.semper inops quicumque cupit. contentus honestoFabricius parvo spernebat munera regum201sudabatque gravi consul Serranus aratroet casa pugnaces Curios angusta tegebat.haec mihi paupertas opulentior, haec mihi tectaculminibus maiora tuis. ibi quaerit inanes205luxuries nocitura cibos; hic donat inemptasterra dapes. rapiunt Tyrios ibi vellera sucoset picturatae saturantur murice vestes;hic radiant flores et prati viva voluptasingenio variata suo. fulgentibus illic210surgunt strata toris; hic mollis panditur herbasollicitum curis non abruptura soporem.turba salutantum latas ibi perstrepit aedes;hic avium cantus, labentis murmura rivi.vivitur exiguo melius; natura beatis215omnibus esse dedit, si quis cognoverit uti.haec si nota forent, frueremur simplice cultu,classica non gemerent, non stridula fraxinus iret,nec ventus quateret puppes nec machina muros.[41]left them, either wresting them from the living owners or fastening upon them as an inheritor. Massed riches are piled up and a single house receives the plunder of a world; whole peoples are forced into slavery, and thronging cities bow beneath the tyranny of a private man.Madman, what shall be the end? Though thou possess either Ocean, though Lydia pour forth for thee her golden waters, though thou join Croesus’ throne to Cyrus’ crown, yet shalt thou never be rich nor ever contented with thy booty. The greedy man is always poor. Fabricius, happy in his honourable poverty, despised the gifts of monarchs; the consul Serranus sweated at his heavy plough and a small cottage gave shelter to the warlike Curii. To my mind such poverty as this is richer than thy wealth, such a home greater than thy palaces. There pernicious luxury seeks for the food that satisfieth not; here the earth provides a banquet for which is nought to pay. With thee wool absorbs the dyes of Tyre; thy patterned clothes are stained with purple; here are bright flowers and the meadow’s breathing charm which owes its varied hues but to itself. There are beds piled on glittering bedsteads; here stretches the soft grass, that breaks not sleep with anxious cares. There a crowd of clients dins through the spacious halls, here is song of birds and the murmur of the gliding stream. A frugal life is best. Nature has given the opportunity of happiness to all, knew they but how to use it. Had we realized this we should now have been enjoying a simple life, no trumpets would be sounding, no whistling spear would speed, no ship be buffeted by the wind, no siege-engine overthrow battlements.

[40]

finibus; aut aufert vivis aut occupat herescongestae cumulantur opes orbisque ruinasaccipit una domus: populi servire coactiplenaque privato succumbunt oppida regno.195Quo, vesane, ruis? teneas utrumque licebitOceanum, laxet rutilos tibi Lydia fontes,iungatur solium Croesi Cyrique tiara:numquam dives eris, numquam satiabere quaestu.semper inops quicumque cupit. contentus honestoFabricius parvo spernebat munera regum201sudabatque gravi consul Serranus aratroet casa pugnaces Curios angusta tegebat.haec mihi paupertas opulentior, haec mihi tectaculminibus maiora tuis. ibi quaerit inanes205luxuries nocitura cibos; hic donat inemptasterra dapes. rapiunt Tyrios ibi vellera sucoset picturatae saturantur murice vestes;hic radiant flores et prati viva voluptasingenio variata suo. fulgentibus illic210surgunt strata toris; hic mollis panditur herbasollicitum curis non abruptura soporem.turba salutantum latas ibi perstrepit aedes;hic avium cantus, labentis murmura rivi.vivitur exiguo melius; natura beatis215omnibus esse dedit, si quis cognoverit uti.haec si nota forent, frueremur simplice cultu,classica non gemerent, non stridula fraxinus iret,nec ventus quateret puppes nec machina muros.

finibus; aut aufert vivis aut occupat heres

congestae cumulantur opes orbisque ruinas

accipit una domus: populi servire coacti

plenaque privato succumbunt oppida regno.195

Quo, vesane, ruis? teneas utrumque licebit

Oceanum, laxet rutilos tibi Lydia fontes,

iungatur solium Croesi Cyrique tiara:

numquam dives eris, numquam satiabere quaestu.

semper inops quicumque cupit. contentus honesto

Fabricius parvo spernebat munera regum201

sudabatque gravi consul Serranus aratro

et casa pugnaces Curios angusta tegebat.

haec mihi paupertas opulentior, haec mihi tecta

culminibus maiora tuis. ibi quaerit inanes205

luxuries nocitura cibos; hic donat inemptas

terra dapes. rapiunt Tyrios ibi vellera sucos

et picturatae saturantur murice vestes;

hic radiant flores et prati viva voluptas

ingenio variata suo. fulgentibus illic210

surgunt strata toris; hic mollis panditur herba

sollicitum curis non abruptura soporem.

turba salutantum latas ibi perstrepit aedes;

hic avium cantus, labentis murmura rivi.

vivitur exiguo melius; natura beatis215

omnibus esse dedit, si quis cognoverit uti.

haec si nota forent, frueremur simplice cultu,

classica non gemerent, non stridula fraxinus iret,

nec ventus quateret puppes nec machina muros.

[41]left them, either wresting them from the living owners or fastening upon them as an inheritor. Massed riches are piled up and a single house receives the plunder of a world; whole peoples are forced into slavery, and thronging cities bow beneath the tyranny of a private man.Madman, what shall be the end? Though thou possess either Ocean, though Lydia pour forth for thee her golden waters, though thou join Croesus’ throne to Cyrus’ crown, yet shalt thou never be rich nor ever contented with thy booty. The greedy man is always poor. Fabricius, happy in his honourable poverty, despised the gifts of monarchs; the consul Serranus sweated at his heavy plough and a small cottage gave shelter to the warlike Curii. To my mind such poverty as this is richer than thy wealth, such a home greater than thy palaces. There pernicious luxury seeks for the food that satisfieth not; here the earth provides a banquet for which is nought to pay. With thee wool absorbs the dyes of Tyre; thy patterned clothes are stained with purple; here are bright flowers and the meadow’s breathing charm which owes its varied hues but to itself. There are beds piled on glittering bedsteads; here stretches the soft grass, that breaks not sleep with anxious cares. There a crowd of clients dins through the spacious halls, here is song of birds and the murmur of the gliding stream. A frugal life is best. Nature has given the opportunity of happiness to all, knew they but how to use it. Had we realized this we should now have been enjoying a simple life, no trumpets would be sounding, no whistling spear would speed, no ship be buffeted by the wind, no siege-engine overthrow battlements.

[41]

left them, either wresting them from the living owners or fastening upon them as an inheritor. Massed riches are piled up and a single house receives the plunder of a world; whole peoples are forced into slavery, and thronging cities bow beneath the tyranny of a private man.

Madman, what shall be the end? Though thou possess either Ocean, though Lydia pour forth for thee her golden waters, though thou join Croesus’ throne to Cyrus’ crown, yet shalt thou never be rich nor ever contented with thy booty. The greedy man is always poor. Fabricius, happy in his honourable poverty, despised the gifts of monarchs; the consul Serranus sweated at his heavy plough and a small cottage gave shelter to the warlike Curii. To my mind such poverty as this is richer than thy wealth, such a home greater than thy palaces. There pernicious luxury seeks for the food that satisfieth not; here the earth provides a banquet for which is nought to pay. With thee wool absorbs the dyes of Tyre; thy patterned clothes are stained with purple; here are bright flowers and the meadow’s breathing charm which owes its varied hues but to itself. There are beds piled on glittering bedsteads; here stretches the soft grass, that breaks not sleep with anxious cares. There a crowd of clients dins through the spacious halls, here is song of birds and the murmur of the gliding stream. A frugal life is best. Nature has given the opportunity of happiness to all, knew they but how to use it. Had we realized this we should now have been enjoying a simple life, no trumpets would be sounding, no whistling spear would speed, no ship be buffeted by the wind, no siege-engine overthrow battlements.

[42]Crescebat scelerata sitis praedaeque recentis220incestus flagrabat amor, nullusque petendicogendive pudor: crebris periuria nectitblanditiis; sociat perituro foedere dextras.si semel e tantis poscenti quisque negasset,effera praetumido quatiebat corda furore.225quae sic Gaetuli iaculo percussa leaenaaut Hyrcana premens raptorem belua partusaut serpens calcata furit? iurata deorummaiestas teritur; nusquam reverentia mensae.non coniunx, non ipse simul, non pignora caesa230sufficiunt odiis; non extinxisse propinquos,non notos egisse sat est; exscindere civesfunditus et nomen gentis delere laborat.nec celeri perimit leto; crudelibus antesuppliciis fruitur; cruciatus, vincla, tenebras235dilato mucrone parat. pro saevior enseparcendi rabies concessaque vita dolori!mors adeone parum est? causis fallacibus instat,arguit attonitos se iudice. cetera segnis,ad facinus velox, penitus regione remotas240impiger ire vias: non illum Sirius ardensbrumave Riphaeo stridens Aquilone retardat.effera torquebant avidae praecordia curae,effugeret ne quis gladios neu perderet ullumAugusto miserante nefas. non flectitur annis,245non aetate labat: iuvenum rorantia collaante patrum vultus stricta cecidere securi;[43]Still grew Rufinus’ wicked greed, and his impious passion for new-won wealth blazed yet fiercer; no feeling of shame kept him from demanding and extorting money. He combines perjury with ceaseless cajolery, ratifying with a hand-clasp the bond he purposes to break. Should any dare to refuse his demand for one thing out of so many, his fierce heart would be stirred with swelling wrath. Was ever lioness wounded with a Gaetulian’s spear, or Hyrcan tiger pursuing the robber of her young, was ever bruisèd serpent so fierce? He swears by the majesty of the gods and tramples on his oath. He reverences not the laws of hospitality. To kill a wife and her husband with her and her children sates not his anger; ’tis not enough to slaughter relations and drive friends into exile; he strives to destroy every citizen of Rome and to blot out the very name of our race. Nor does he even slay with a swift death; ere that he enjoys the infliction of cruel torture; the rack, the chain, the lightless cell, these he sets before the final blow. Why, this remission is more savage, more madly cruel, than the sword—this grant of life that agony may accompany it! Is death not enough for him? With treacherous charges he attacks; dazed wretches find him at once accuser and judge. Slow to all else he is swift to crime and tireless to visit the ends of the earth in its pursuit. Neither the Dog-star’s heat nor the wintry blasts of the Thracian north wind detain him. Feverish anxiety torments his cruel heart lest any escape his sword, or an emperor’s pardon lose him an opportunity for injury. Neither age nor youth can move his pity: before their father’s eyes his bloody axe severs boys’ heads

[42]

Crescebat scelerata sitis praedaeque recentis220incestus flagrabat amor, nullusque petendicogendive pudor: crebris periuria nectitblanditiis; sociat perituro foedere dextras.si semel e tantis poscenti quisque negasset,effera praetumido quatiebat corda furore.225quae sic Gaetuli iaculo percussa leaenaaut Hyrcana premens raptorem belua partusaut serpens calcata furit? iurata deorummaiestas teritur; nusquam reverentia mensae.non coniunx, non ipse simul, non pignora caesa230sufficiunt odiis; non extinxisse propinquos,non notos egisse sat est; exscindere civesfunditus et nomen gentis delere laborat.nec celeri perimit leto; crudelibus antesuppliciis fruitur; cruciatus, vincla, tenebras235dilato mucrone parat. pro saevior enseparcendi rabies concessaque vita dolori!mors adeone parum est? causis fallacibus instat,arguit attonitos se iudice. cetera segnis,ad facinus velox, penitus regione remotas240impiger ire vias: non illum Sirius ardensbrumave Riphaeo stridens Aquilone retardat.effera torquebant avidae praecordia curae,effugeret ne quis gladios neu perderet ullumAugusto miserante nefas. non flectitur annis,245non aetate labat: iuvenum rorantia collaante patrum vultus stricta cecidere securi;

Crescebat scelerata sitis praedaeque recentis220

incestus flagrabat amor, nullusque petendi

cogendive pudor: crebris periuria nectit

blanditiis; sociat perituro foedere dextras.

si semel e tantis poscenti quisque negasset,

effera praetumido quatiebat corda furore.225

quae sic Gaetuli iaculo percussa leaena

aut Hyrcana premens raptorem belua partus

aut serpens calcata furit? iurata deorum

maiestas teritur; nusquam reverentia mensae.

non coniunx, non ipse simul, non pignora caesa230

sufficiunt odiis; non extinxisse propinquos,

non notos egisse sat est; exscindere cives

funditus et nomen gentis delere laborat.

nec celeri perimit leto; crudelibus ante

suppliciis fruitur; cruciatus, vincla, tenebras235

dilato mucrone parat. pro saevior ense

parcendi rabies concessaque vita dolori!

mors adeone parum est? causis fallacibus instat,

arguit attonitos se iudice. cetera segnis,

ad facinus velox, penitus regione remotas240

impiger ire vias: non illum Sirius ardens

brumave Riphaeo stridens Aquilone retardat.

effera torquebant avidae praecordia curae,

effugeret ne quis gladios neu perderet ullum

Augusto miserante nefas. non flectitur annis,245

non aetate labat: iuvenum rorantia colla

ante patrum vultus stricta cecidere securi;

[43]Still grew Rufinus’ wicked greed, and his impious passion for new-won wealth blazed yet fiercer; no feeling of shame kept him from demanding and extorting money. He combines perjury with ceaseless cajolery, ratifying with a hand-clasp the bond he purposes to break. Should any dare to refuse his demand for one thing out of so many, his fierce heart would be stirred with swelling wrath. Was ever lioness wounded with a Gaetulian’s spear, or Hyrcan tiger pursuing the robber of her young, was ever bruisèd serpent so fierce? He swears by the majesty of the gods and tramples on his oath. He reverences not the laws of hospitality. To kill a wife and her husband with her and her children sates not his anger; ’tis not enough to slaughter relations and drive friends into exile; he strives to destroy every citizen of Rome and to blot out the very name of our race. Nor does he even slay with a swift death; ere that he enjoys the infliction of cruel torture; the rack, the chain, the lightless cell, these he sets before the final blow. Why, this remission is more savage, more madly cruel, than the sword—this grant of life that agony may accompany it! Is death not enough for him? With treacherous charges he attacks; dazed wretches find him at once accuser and judge. Slow to all else he is swift to crime and tireless to visit the ends of the earth in its pursuit. Neither the Dog-star’s heat nor the wintry blasts of the Thracian north wind detain him. Feverish anxiety torments his cruel heart lest any escape his sword, or an emperor’s pardon lose him an opportunity for injury. Neither age nor youth can move his pity: before their father’s eyes his bloody axe severs boys’ heads

[43]

Still grew Rufinus’ wicked greed, and his impious passion for new-won wealth blazed yet fiercer; no feeling of shame kept him from demanding and extorting money. He combines perjury with ceaseless cajolery, ratifying with a hand-clasp the bond he purposes to break. Should any dare to refuse his demand for one thing out of so many, his fierce heart would be stirred with swelling wrath. Was ever lioness wounded with a Gaetulian’s spear, or Hyrcan tiger pursuing the robber of her young, was ever bruisèd serpent so fierce? He swears by the majesty of the gods and tramples on his oath. He reverences not the laws of hospitality. To kill a wife and her husband with her and her children sates not his anger; ’tis not enough to slaughter relations and drive friends into exile; he strives to destroy every citizen of Rome and to blot out the very name of our race. Nor does he even slay with a swift death; ere that he enjoys the infliction of cruel torture; the rack, the chain, the lightless cell, these he sets before the final blow. Why, this remission is more savage, more madly cruel, than the sword—this grant of life that agony may accompany it! Is death not enough for him? With treacherous charges he attacks; dazed wretches find him at once accuser and judge. Slow to all else he is swift to crime and tireless to visit the ends of the earth in its pursuit. Neither the Dog-star’s heat nor the wintry blasts of the Thracian north wind detain him. Feverish anxiety torments his cruel heart lest any escape his sword, or an emperor’s pardon lose him an opportunity for injury. Neither age nor youth can move his pity: before their father’s eyes his bloody axe severs boys’ heads

[44]ibat grandaevus nato moriente superstespost trabeas exul. quis prodere tanta relatufunera, quis caedes possit deflere nefandas?250quid tale inmanes umquam gessisse ferunturvel Sinis Isthmiaca pinu vel rupe profundaSciron vel Phalaris tauro vel carcere Sulla?o mites Diomedis equi! Busiridis araeclementes! iam Cinna pius, iam Spartace segnis255Rufino collatus eris!Deiecerat omnesoccultis odiis terror tacitique sepultossuspirant gemitus indignarique verentur.at non magnanimi virtus Stilichonis eodemfracta metu; solus medio sed turbine rerum260contra letiferos rictus contraque rapacemmovit tela feram, volucris non praepete cursuvectus equi, non Pegaseis adiutus habenis.hic cunctis optata quies, hic sola pericliturris erat clipeusque trucem porrectus in hostem,hic profugis sedes adversaque signa furori,266servandis hic castra bonis.Hucusque minatushaerebat retroque fuga cedebat inerti:haud secus hiberno tumidus cum vertice torrenssaxa rotat volvitque nemus pontesque revellit,270frangitur obiectu scopuli quaerensque meatumspumat et inlisa montem circumtonat unda.Qua dignum te laude feram, qui paene ruenti[45]from their bodies; an aged man, once a consul, survived the murder of his son but to be driven into exile. Who can bring himself to tell of so many murders, who can adequately mourn such impious slaughter? Do men tell that cruel Sinis of Corinth e’er wrought such wickedness with his pine-tree, or Sciron with his precipitous rock, or Phalaris with his brazen bull, or Sulla with his prison? O gentle horses of Diomede! O pitiful altars of Busiris! Henceforth, compared with Rufinus thou, Cinna, shalt be loving, and thou, Spartacus, a sluggard.All were a prey to terror, for men knew not where next his hidden hatred would break forth, they sob in silence for the tears they dare not shed and fear to show their indignation. Yet is not the spirit of great-hearted Stilicho broken by this same fear. Alone amid the general calamity he took arms against this monster of greed and his devouring maw, though not borne on the swift course of any wingèd steed nor aided by Pegasus’ reins. In him all found the quiet they longed for, he was their one defence in danger, their shield out-held against the fierce foe, the exile’s sanctuary, standard confronting the madness of Rufinus, fortress for the protection of the good.Thus far Rufinus advanced his threats and stayed; then fell back in coward flight: even as a torrent swollen with winter rains rolls down great stones in its course, overwhelms woods, tears away bridges, yet is broken by a jutting rock, and, seeking a way through, foams and thunders about the cliff with shattered waves.How can I praise thee worthily, thou who

[44]

ibat grandaevus nato moriente superstespost trabeas exul. quis prodere tanta relatufunera, quis caedes possit deflere nefandas?250quid tale inmanes umquam gessisse ferunturvel Sinis Isthmiaca pinu vel rupe profundaSciron vel Phalaris tauro vel carcere Sulla?o mites Diomedis equi! Busiridis araeclementes! iam Cinna pius, iam Spartace segnis255Rufino collatus eris!Deiecerat omnesoccultis odiis terror tacitique sepultossuspirant gemitus indignarique verentur.at non magnanimi virtus Stilichonis eodemfracta metu; solus medio sed turbine rerum260contra letiferos rictus contraque rapacemmovit tela feram, volucris non praepete cursuvectus equi, non Pegaseis adiutus habenis.hic cunctis optata quies, hic sola pericliturris erat clipeusque trucem porrectus in hostem,hic profugis sedes adversaque signa furori,266servandis hic castra bonis.Hucusque minatushaerebat retroque fuga cedebat inerti:haud secus hiberno tumidus cum vertice torrenssaxa rotat volvitque nemus pontesque revellit,270frangitur obiectu scopuli quaerensque meatumspumat et inlisa montem circumtonat unda.Qua dignum te laude feram, qui paene ruenti

ibat grandaevus nato moriente superstes

post trabeas exul. quis prodere tanta relatu

funera, quis caedes possit deflere nefandas?250

quid tale inmanes umquam gessisse feruntur

vel Sinis Isthmiaca pinu vel rupe profunda

Sciron vel Phalaris tauro vel carcere Sulla?

o mites Diomedis equi! Busiridis arae

clementes! iam Cinna pius, iam Spartace segnis255

Rufino collatus eris!

Deiecerat omnes

occultis odiis terror tacitique sepultos

suspirant gemitus indignarique verentur.

at non magnanimi virtus Stilichonis eodem

fracta metu; solus medio sed turbine rerum260

contra letiferos rictus contraque rapacem

movit tela feram, volucris non praepete cursu

vectus equi, non Pegaseis adiutus habenis.

hic cunctis optata quies, hic sola pericli

turris erat clipeusque trucem porrectus in hostem,

hic profugis sedes adversaque signa furori,266

servandis hic castra bonis.

Hucusque minatus

haerebat retroque fuga cedebat inerti:

haud secus hiberno tumidus cum vertice torrens

saxa rotat volvitque nemus pontesque revellit,270

frangitur obiectu scopuli quaerensque meatum

spumat et inlisa montem circumtonat unda.

Qua dignum te laude feram, qui paene ruenti

[45]from their bodies; an aged man, once a consul, survived the murder of his son but to be driven into exile. Who can bring himself to tell of so many murders, who can adequately mourn such impious slaughter? Do men tell that cruel Sinis of Corinth e’er wrought such wickedness with his pine-tree, or Sciron with his precipitous rock, or Phalaris with his brazen bull, or Sulla with his prison? O gentle horses of Diomede! O pitiful altars of Busiris! Henceforth, compared with Rufinus thou, Cinna, shalt be loving, and thou, Spartacus, a sluggard.All were a prey to terror, for men knew not where next his hidden hatred would break forth, they sob in silence for the tears they dare not shed and fear to show their indignation. Yet is not the spirit of great-hearted Stilicho broken by this same fear. Alone amid the general calamity he took arms against this monster of greed and his devouring maw, though not borne on the swift course of any wingèd steed nor aided by Pegasus’ reins. In him all found the quiet they longed for, he was their one defence in danger, their shield out-held against the fierce foe, the exile’s sanctuary, standard confronting the madness of Rufinus, fortress for the protection of the good.Thus far Rufinus advanced his threats and stayed; then fell back in coward flight: even as a torrent swollen with winter rains rolls down great stones in its course, overwhelms woods, tears away bridges, yet is broken by a jutting rock, and, seeking a way through, foams and thunders about the cliff with shattered waves.How can I praise thee worthily, thou who

[45]

from their bodies; an aged man, once a consul, survived the murder of his son but to be driven into exile. Who can bring himself to tell of so many murders, who can adequately mourn such impious slaughter? Do men tell that cruel Sinis of Corinth e’er wrought such wickedness with his pine-tree, or Sciron with his precipitous rock, or Phalaris with his brazen bull, or Sulla with his prison? O gentle horses of Diomede! O pitiful altars of Busiris! Henceforth, compared with Rufinus thou, Cinna, shalt be loving, and thou, Spartacus, a sluggard.

All were a prey to terror, for men knew not where next his hidden hatred would break forth, they sob in silence for the tears they dare not shed and fear to show their indignation. Yet is not the spirit of great-hearted Stilicho broken by this same fear. Alone amid the general calamity he took arms against this monster of greed and his devouring maw, though not borne on the swift course of any wingèd steed nor aided by Pegasus’ reins. In him all found the quiet they longed for, he was their one defence in danger, their shield out-held against the fierce foe, the exile’s sanctuary, standard confronting the madness of Rufinus, fortress for the protection of the good.

Thus far Rufinus advanced his threats and stayed; then fell back in coward flight: even as a torrent swollen with winter rains rolls down great stones in its course, overwhelms woods, tears away bridges, yet is broken by a jutting rock, and, seeking a way through, foams and thunders about the cliff with shattered waves.

How can I praise thee worthily, thou who

[46]lapsuroque tuos umeros obieceris orbi?te nobis trepidae sidus ceu dulce carinae275ostendere dei, geminis quae lassa procellistunditur et victo trahitur iam caeca magistro.Inachius Rubro perhibetur in aequore PerseusNeptuni domuisse pecus, sed tutior alis:te non penna vehit; rigida cum Gorgone Perseus:tu non vipereo defensus crine Medusae;281ilium vilis amor suspensae virginis egit:te Romana salus. taceat superata vetustas,Herculeos conferre tuis iam desinat actus.una Cleonaeum pascebat silva leonem;285Arcadiae saltum vastabat dentibus unumsaevus aper, tuque o compressa matre rebellansnon ultra Libyae fines, Antaee, nocebas,solaque fulmineo resonabat Creta iuvencoLernaeamque virens obsederat hydra paludem.290hoc monstrum non una palus, non una tremebatinsula, sed Latia quidquid dicione subactumvivit, et a primis Ganges horrebat Hiberis.hoc neque Geryon triplex nec turbidus Orciianitor aequabit nec si concurrat in unum295vis hydrae Scyllaeque fames et flamma Chimaerae.Certamen sublime diu, sed moribus imparvirtutum scelerumque fuit. iugulare minatur:tu prohibes; ditem spoliat: tu reddis egenti;eruit: instauras; accendit proelia: vincis.300[47]sustainedst with thy shoulders the tottering world in its threatened fall? The gods gave thee to us as they show a welcome star to frightened mariners whose weary bark is buffeted with storms of wind and wave and drifts with blind course now that her steersman is beaten. Perseus, descendant of Inachus, is said to have overcome Neptune’s monsters in the Red Sea, but he was helped by his wings; no wing bore thee aloft: Perseus was armed with the Gorgons’ head that turneth all to stone; the snaky locks of Medusa protected not thee. His motive was but the love of a chained girl, thine the salvation of Rome. The days of old are surpassed; let them keep silence and cease to compare Hercules’ labours with thine. ’Twas but one wood that sheltered the lion of Cleonae, the savage boar’s tusks laid waste a single Arcadian vale, and thou, rebel Antaeus, holding thy mother earth in thine embrace, didst no hurt beyond the borders of Africa. Crete alone re-echoed to the bellowings of the fire-breathing bull, and the green hydra beleaguered no more than Lerna’s lake. But this monster Rufinus terrified not one lake nor one island: whatsoever lives beneath the Roman rule, from distant Spain to Ganges’ stream, was in fear of him. Neither triple Geryon nor Hell’s fierce janitor can vie with him nor could the conjoined terrors of powerful Hydra, ravenous Scylla, and fiery Chimaera.Long hung the contest in suspense, but the struggle betwixt vice and virtue was ill-matched in character. Rufinus threatens slaughter, thou stayest his hand; he robs the rich, thou givest back to the poor; he overthrows, thou restorest; he sets wars afoot, thou winnest them. As a pestilence, growing from day

[46]

lapsuroque tuos umeros obieceris orbi?te nobis trepidae sidus ceu dulce carinae275ostendere dei, geminis quae lassa procellistunditur et victo trahitur iam caeca magistro.Inachius Rubro perhibetur in aequore PerseusNeptuni domuisse pecus, sed tutior alis:te non penna vehit; rigida cum Gorgone Perseus:tu non vipereo defensus crine Medusae;281ilium vilis amor suspensae virginis egit:te Romana salus. taceat superata vetustas,Herculeos conferre tuis iam desinat actus.una Cleonaeum pascebat silva leonem;285Arcadiae saltum vastabat dentibus unumsaevus aper, tuque o compressa matre rebellansnon ultra Libyae fines, Antaee, nocebas,solaque fulmineo resonabat Creta iuvencoLernaeamque virens obsederat hydra paludem.290hoc monstrum non una palus, non una tremebatinsula, sed Latia quidquid dicione subactumvivit, et a primis Ganges horrebat Hiberis.hoc neque Geryon triplex nec turbidus Orciianitor aequabit nec si concurrat in unum295vis hydrae Scyllaeque fames et flamma Chimaerae.Certamen sublime diu, sed moribus imparvirtutum scelerumque fuit. iugulare minatur:tu prohibes; ditem spoliat: tu reddis egenti;eruit: instauras; accendit proelia: vincis.300

lapsuroque tuos umeros obieceris orbi?

te nobis trepidae sidus ceu dulce carinae275

ostendere dei, geminis quae lassa procellis

tunditur et victo trahitur iam caeca magistro.

Inachius Rubro perhibetur in aequore Perseus

Neptuni domuisse pecus, sed tutior alis:

te non penna vehit; rigida cum Gorgone Perseus:

tu non vipereo defensus crine Medusae;281

ilium vilis amor suspensae virginis egit:

te Romana salus. taceat superata vetustas,

Herculeos conferre tuis iam desinat actus.

una Cleonaeum pascebat silva leonem;285

Arcadiae saltum vastabat dentibus unum

saevus aper, tuque o compressa matre rebellans

non ultra Libyae fines, Antaee, nocebas,

solaque fulmineo resonabat Creta iuvenco

Lernaeamque virens obsederat hydra paludem.290

hoc monstrum non una palus, non una tremebat

insula, sed Latia quidquid dicione subactum

vivit, et a primis Ganges horrebat Hiberis.

hoc neque Geryon triplex nec turbidus Orci

ianitor aequabit nec si concurrat in unum295

vis hydrae Scyllaeque fames et flamma Chimaerae.

Certamen sublime diu, sed moribus impar

virtutum scelerumque fuit. iugulare minatur:

tu prohibes; ditem spoliat: tu reddis egenti;

eruit: instauras; accendit proelia: vincis.300

[47]sustainedst with thy shoulders the tottering world in its threatened fall? The gods gave thee to us as they show a welcome star to frightened mariners whose weary bark is buffeted with storms of wind and wave and drifts with blind course now that her steersman is beaten. Perseus, descendant of Inachus, is said to have overcome Neptune’s monsters in the Red Sea, but he was helped by his wings; no wing bore thee aloft: Perseus was armed with the Gorgons’ head that turneth all to stone; the snaky locks of Medusa protected not thee. His motive was but the love of a chained girl, thine the salvation of Rome. The days of old are surpassed; let them keep silence and cease to compare Hercules’ labours with thine. ’Twas but one wood that sheltered the lion of Cleonae, the savage boar’s tusks laid waste a single Arcadian vale, and thou, rebel Antaeus, holding thy mother earth in thine embrace, didst no hurt beyond the borders of Africa. Crete alone re-echoed to the bellowings of the fire-breathing bull, and the green hydra beleaguered no more than Lerna’s lake. But this monster Rufinus terrified not one lake nor one island: whatsoever lives beneath the Roman rule, from distant Spain to Ganges’ stream, was in fear of him. Neither triple Geryon nor Hell’s fierce janitor can vie with him nor could the conjoined terrors of powerful Hydra, ravenous Scylla, and fiery Chimaera.Long hung the contest in suspense, but the struggle betwixt vice and virtue was ill-matched in character. Rufinus threatens slaughter, thou stayest his hand; he robs the rich, thou givest back to the poor; he overthrows, thou restorest; he sets wars afoot, thou winnest them. As a pestilence, growing from day

[47]

sustainedst with thy shoulders the tottering world in its threatened fall? The gods gave thee to us as they show a welcome star to frightened mariners whose weary bark is buffeted with storms of wind and wave and drifts with blind course now that her steersman is beaten. Perseus, descendant of Inachus, is said to have overcome Neptune’s monsters in the Red Sea, but he was helped by his wings; no wing bore thee aloft: Perseus was armed with the Gorgons’ head that turneth all to stone; the snaky locks of Medusa protected not thee. His motive was but the love of a chained girl, thine the salvation of Rome. The days of old are surpassed; let them keep silence and cease to compare Hercules’ labours with thine. ’Twas but one wood that sheltered the lion of Cleonae, the savage boar’s tusks laid waste a single Arcadian vale, and thou, rebel Antaeus, holding thy mother earth in thine embrace, didst no hurt beyond the borders of Africa. Crete alone re-echoed to the bellowings of the fire-breathing bull, and the green hydra beleaguered no more than Lerna’s lake. But this monster Rufinus terrified not one lake nor one island: whatsoever lives beneath the Roman rule, from distant Spain to Ganges’ stream, was in fear of him. Neither triple Geryon nor Hell’s fierce janitor can vie with him nor could the conjoined terrors of powerful Hydra, ravenous Scylla, and fiery Chimaera.

Long hung the contest in suspense, but the struggle betwixt vice and virtue was ill-matched in character. Rufinus threatens slaughter, thou stayest his hand; he robs the rich, thou givest back to the poor; he overthrows, thou restorest; he sets wars afoot, thou winnest them. As a pestilence, growing from day

[48]ac velut infecto morbus crudescere caeloincipiens primos pecudum depascitur artus,mox populos urbesque rapit ventisque perustiscorruptos Stygiam pestem desudat in amnes:sic avidus praedo iam non per singula saevit.305sed sceptris inferre minas omnique peremptomilite Romanas ardet prosternere vires,iamque Getas Histrumque movet Scythiamque receptatauxilio traditque suas hostilibus armisrelliquias. mixtis descendit Sarmata Dacis310et qui cornipedes in pocula vulnerat audaxMassagetes caesamque bibens Maeotin Alanusmembraque qui ferro gaudet pinxisse Gelonus,Rufino collecta manus. vetat ille domariinnectitque moras et congrua tempora differt.315nam tua cum Geticas stravisset dextra catervas,ulta ducis socii letum, parsque una maneretdebilior facilisque capi, tunc impius illeproditor imperii coniuratusque Getarumdistulit instantes eluso principe pugnas320Hunorum laturus opem, quos adfore hellonorat et invisis mox se coniungere castris.Est genus extremos Scythiae vergentis in ortustrans gelidum Tanain, quo non famosius ullumArctos alit. turpes habitus obscaenaque visu325corpora; mens duro numquam cessura labori;praeda cibus, vitanda Ceres frontemque secari[49]to day by reason of the infected air, fastens first upon the bodies of animals but soon sweeps away peoples and cities, and when the winds blow hot spreads its hellish poison to the polluted streams, so the ambitious rebel marks down no private prey, but hurls his eager threats at kings, and seeks to destroy Rome’s army and overthrow her might. Now he stirs up the Getae[53]and the tribes on Danube’s banks, allies himself with Scythia and exposes what few his cruelties have spared to the sword of the enemy. There march against us a mixed horde of Sarmatians and Dacians, the Massagetes who cruelly wound their horses that they may drink their blood, the Alans who break the ice and drink the waters of Maeotis’ lake, and the Geloni who tattoo their limbs: these form Rufinus’ army. And he brooks not their defeat; he frames delays and postpones the fitting season for battle. For when thy right hand, Stilicho, had scattered the Getic bands and avenged the death of thy brother general, when one section of Rufinus’ army was thus weakened and made an easy prey, then that foul traitor, that conspirator with the Getae, tricked the emperor and put off the instant day of battle, meaning to ally himself with the Huns, who, as he knew, would fight and quickly join the enemies of Rome.[54]These Huns are a tribe who live on the extreme eastern borders of Scythia, beyond frozen Tanais; most infamous of all the children of the north. Hideous to look upon are their faces and loathsome their bodies, but indefatigable is their spirit. The chase supplies their food; bread they will not eat. They love to slash their faces and hold it a[53]Here and throughout his poems Claudian refers to the Visigoths as the Getae.[54]Cf.Introduction, p. x.

[48]

ac velut infecto morbus crudescere caeloincipiens primos pecudum depascitur artus,mox populos urbesque rapit ventisque perustiscorruptos Stygiam pestem desudat in amnes:sic avidus praedo iam non per singula saevit.305sed sceptris inferre minas omnique peremptomilite Romanas ardet prosternere vires,iamque Getas Histrumque movet Scythiamque receptatauxilio traditque suas hostilibus armisrelliquias. mixtis descendit Sarmata Dacis310et qui cornipedes in pocula vulnerat audaxMassagetes caesamque bibens Maeotin Alanusmembraque qui ferro gaudet pinxisse Gelonus,Rufino collecta manus. vetat ille domariinnectitque moras et congrua tempora differt.315nam tua cum Geticas stravisset dextra catervas,ulta ducis socii letum, parsque una maneretdebilior facilisque capi, tunc impius illeproditor imperii coniuratusque Getarumdistulit instantes eluso principe pugnas320Hunorum laturus opem, quos adfore hellonorat et invisis mox se coniungere castris.Est genus extremos Scythiae vergentis in ortustrans gelidum Tanain, quo non famosius ullumArctos alit. turpes habitus obscaenaque visu325corpora; mens duro numquam cessura labori;praeda cibus, vitanda Ceres frontemque secari

ac velut infecto morbus crudescere caelo

incipiens primos pecudum depascitur artus,

mox populos urbesque rapit ventisque perustis

corruptos Stygiam pestem desudat in amnes:

sic avidus praedo iam non per singula saevit.305

sed sceptris inferre minas omnique perempto

milite Romanas ardet prosternere vires,

iamque Getas Histrumque movet Scythiamque receptat

auxilio traditque suas hostilibus armis

relliquias. mixtis descendit Sarmata Dacis310

et qui cornipedes in pocula vulnerat audax

Massagetes caesamque bibens Maeotin Alanus

membraque qui ferro gaudet pinxisse Gelonus,

Rufino collecta manus. vetat ille domari

innectitque moras et congrua tempora differt.315

nam tua cum Geticas stravisset dextra catervas,

ulta ducis socii letum, parsque una maneret

debilior facilisque capi, tunc impius ille

proditor imperii coniuratusque Getarum

distulit instantes eluso principe pugnas320

Hunorum laturus opem, quos adfore hello

norat et invisis mox se coniungere castris.

Est genus extremos Scythiae vergentis in ortus

trans gelidum Tanain, quo non famosius ullum

Arctos alit. turpes habitus obscaenaque visu325

corpora; mens duro numquam cessura labori;

praeda cibus, vitanda Ceres frontemque secari

[49]to day by reason of the infected air, fastens first upon the bodies of animals but soon sweeps away peoples and cities, and when the winds blow hot spreads its hellish poison to the polluted streams, so the ambitious rebel marks down no private prey, but hurls his eager threats at kings, and seeks to destroy Rome’s army and overthrow her might. Now he stirs up the Getae[53]and the tribes on Danube’s banks, allies himself with Scythia and exposes what few his cruelties have spared to the sword of the enemy. There march against us a mixed horde of Sarmatians and Dacians, the Massagetes who cruelly wound their horses that they may drink their blood, the Alans who break the ice and drink the waters of Maeotis’ lake, and the Geloni who tattoo their limbs: these form Rufinus’ army. And he brooks not their defeat; he frames delays and postpones the fitting season for battle. For when thy right hand, Stilicho, had scattered the Getic bands and avenged the death of thy brother general, when one section of Rufinus’ army was thus weakened and made an easy prey, then that foul traitor, that conspirator with the Getae, tricked the emperor and put off the instant day of battle, meaning to ally himself with the Huns, who, as he knew, would fight and quickly join the enemies of Rome.[54]These Huns are a tribe who live on the extreme eastern borders of Scythia, beyond frozen Tanais; most infamous of all the children of the north. Hideous to look upon are their faces and loathsome their bodies, but indefatigable is their spirit. The chase supplies their food; bread they will not eat. They love to slash their faces and hold it a[53]Here and throughout his poems Claudian refers to the Visigoths as the Getae.[54]Cf.Introduction, p. x.

[49]

to day by reason of the infected air, fastens first upon the bodies of animals but soon sweeps away peoples and cities, and when the winds blow hot spreads its hellish poison to the polluted streams, so the ambitious rebel marks down no private prey, but hurls his eager threats at kings, and seeks to destroy Rome’s army and overthrow her might. Now he stirs up the Getae[53]and the tribes on Danube’s banks, allies himself with Scythia and exposes what few his cruelties have spared to the sword of the enemy. There march against us a mixed horde of Sarmatians and Dacians, the Massagetes who cruelly wound their horses that they may drink their blood, the Alans who break the ice and drink the waters of Maeotis’ lake, and the Geloni who tattoo their limbs: these form Rufinus’ army. And he brooks not their defeat; he frames delays and postpones the fitting season for battle. For when thy right hand, Stilicho, had scattered the Getic bands and avenged the death of thy brother general, when one section of Rufinus’ army was thus weakened and made an easy prey, then that foul traitor, that conspirator with the Getae, tricked the emperor and put off the instant day of battle, meaning to ally himself with the Huns, who, as he knew, would fight and quickly join the enemies of Rome.[54]

These Huns are a tribe who live on the extreme eastern borders of Scythia, beyond frozen Tanais; most infamous of all the children of the north. Hideous to look upon are their faces and loathsome their bodies, but indefatigable is their spirit. The chase supplies their food; bread they will not eat. They love to slash their faces and hold it a

[53]Here and throughout his poems Claudian refers to the Visigoths as the Getae.

[54]Cf.Introduction, p. x.

[50]ludus et occisos pulchrum iurare parentes.nec plus nubigenas duplex natura biformescognatis aptavit equis; acerrima nullo330ordine mobilitas insperatique recursus.Quos tamen impavidus contra spumantis ad Hebritendis aquas, sic ante tubas aciemque precatus:“Mavors, nubifero seu tu procumbis in Haemoseu te cana gelu Rhodope seu remige Medo335sollicitatus Athos seu caligantia nigrisilicibus Pangaea tenent, accingere mecumet Thracas defende tuos. si laetior adsitgloria, vestita spoliis donabere quercu.”Audiit illa pater scopulisque nivalibus Haemi340surgit et hortatur celeres clamore ministros:“fer galeam, Bellona, mihi nexusque rotarumtende, Pavor. frenet rapidos Formido iugales.festinas urgete manus. meus ecce paraturad bellum Stilicho, qui me de more tropaeis345ditat et hostiles suspendit in arbore cristas.communes semper litui, communia nobissigna canunt iunctoque sequor tentoria curru.”sic fatus campo insiluit lateque fugatashinc Stilicho turmas, illinc Gradivus agebat350et clipeis et mole pares; stat cassis utriquesidereis hirsuta iubis loricaque cursuaestuat et largo saturatur vulnere cornus.Acrior interea voto multisque Megaeraluxuriata malis maestam deprendit in arce355[51]righteous act to swear by their murdered parents. Their double nature fitted not better the twi-formed Centaurs to the horses that were parts of them. Disorderly, but of incredible swiftness, they often return to the fight when little expected.Fearless, however, against such forces, thou, Stilicho, approachest the waters of foaming Hebrus and thus prayest ere the trumpets sound and the fight begins: “Mars, whether thou reclinest on cloud-capped Haemus, or frost-white Rhodope holdeth thee, or Athos, severed to give passage to the Persian fleet, or Pangaeus, gloomy with dark holm-oaks, gird thyself at my side and defend thine own land of Thrace. If victory smile on us, thy meed shall be an oak stump adorned with spoils.”The Father heard his prayer and rose from the snowy peaks of Haemus shouting commands to his speedy servants: “Bellona, bring my helmet; fasten me, Panic, the wheels upon my chariot; harness my swift horses, Fear. Hasten: speed on your work. See, my Stilicho makes him ready for war; Stilicho whose habit it is to load me with rich trophies and hang upon the oak the plumed helmets of his enemies. For us together the trumpets ever sound the call to battle; yoking my chariot I follow wheresoever he pitch his camp.” So spake he and leapt upon the plain, and on this side Stilicho scattered the enemy bands in broadcast flight and on that Mars; alike the twain in accoutrement and stature. The helmets of either tower with bristling crests, their breastplates flash as they speed along and their spears take their fill of widely dealt wounds.Meanwhile Megaera, more eager now she has got her way, and revelling in this widespread

[50]

ludus et occisos pulchrum iurare parentes.nec plus nubigenas duplex natura biformescognatis aptavit equis; acerrima nullo330ordine mobilitas insperatique recursus.Quos tamen impavidus contra spumantis ad Hebritendis aquas, sic ante tubas aciemque precatus:“Mavors, nubifero seu tu procumbis in Haemoseu te cana gelu Rhodope seu remige Medo335sollicitatus Athos seu caligantia nigrisilicibus Pangaea tenent, accingere mecumet Thracas defende tuos. si laetior adsitgloria, vestita spoliis donabere quercu.”Audiit illa pater scopulisque nivalibus Haemi340surgit et hortatur celeres clamore ministros:“fer galeam, Bellona, mihi nexusque rotarumtende, Pavor. frenet rapidos Formido iugales.festinas urgete manus. meus ecce paraturad bellum Stilicho, qui me de more tropaeis345ditat et hostiles suspendit in arbore cristas.communes semper litui, communia nobissigna canunt iunctoque sequor tentoria curru.”sic fatus campo insiluit lateque fugatashinc Stilicho turmas, illinc Gradivus agebat350et clipeis et mole pares; stat cassis utriquesidereis hirsuta iubis loricaque cursuaestuat et largo saturatur vulnere cornus.Acrior interea voto multisque Megaeraluxuriata malis maestam deprendit in arce355

ludus et occisos pulchrum iurare parentes.

nec plus nubigenas duplex natura biformes

cognatis aptavit equis; acerrima nullo330

ordine mobilitas insperatique recursus.

Quos tamen impavidus contra spumantis ad Hebri

tendis aquas, sic ante tubas aciemque precatus:

“Mavors, nubifero seu tu procumbis in Haemo

seu te cana gelu Rhodope seu remige Medo335

sollicitatus Athos seu caligantia nigris

ilicibus Pangaea tenent, accingere mecum

et Thracas defende tuos. si laetior adsit

gloria, vestita spoliis donabere quercu.”

Audiit illa pater scopulisque nivalibus Haemi340

surgit et hortatur celeres clamore ministros:

“fer galeam, Bellona, mihi nexusque rotarum

tende, Pavor. frenet rapidos Formido iugales.

festinas urgete manus. meus ecce paratur

ad bellum Stilicho, qui me de more tropaeis345

ditat et hostiles suspendit in arbore cristas.

communes semper litui, communia nobis

signa canunt iunctoque sequor tentoria curru.”

sic fatus campo insiluit lateque fugatas

hinc Stilicho turmas, illinc Gradivus agebat350

et clipeis et mole pares; stat cassis utrique

sidereis hirsuta iubis loricaque cursu

aestuat et largo saturatur vulnere cornus.

Acrior interea voto multisque Megaera

luxuriata malis maestam deprendit in arce355

[51]righteous act to swear by their murdered parents. Their double nature fitted not better the twi-formed Centaurs to the horses that were parts of them. Disorderly, but of incredible swiftness, they often return to the fight when little expected.Fearless, however, against such forces, thou, Stilicho, approachest the waters of foaming Hebrus and thus prayest ere the trumpets sound and the fight begins: “Mars, whether thou reclinest on cloud-capped Haemus, or frost-white Rhodope holdeth thee, or Athos, severed to give passage to the Persian fleet, or Pangaeus, gloomy with dark holm-oaks, gird thyself at my side and defend thine own land of Thrace. If victory smile on us, thy meed shall be an oak stump adorned with spoils.”The Father heard his prayer and rose from the snowy peaks of Haemus shouting commands to his speedy servants: “Bellona, bring my helmet; fasten me, Panic, the wheels upon my chariot; harness my swift horses, Fear. Hasten: speed on your work. See, my Stilicho makes him ready for war; Stilicho whose habit it is to load me with rich trophies and hang upon the oak the plumed helmets of his enemies. For us together the trumpets ever sound the call to battle; yoking my chariot I follow wheresoever he pitch his camp.” So spake he and leapt upon the plain, and on this side Stilicho scattered the enemy bands in broadcast flight and on that Mars; alike the twain in accoutrement and stature. The helmets of either tower with bristling crests, their breastplates flash as they speed along and their spears take their fill of widely dealt wounds.Meanwhile Megaera, more eager now she has got her way, and revelling in this widespread

[51]

righteous act to swear by their murdered parents. Their double nature fitted not better the twi-formed Centaurs to the horses that were parts of them. Disorderly, but of incredible swiftness, they often return to the fight when little expected.

Fearless, however, against such forces, thou, Stilicho, approachest the waters of foaming Hebrus and thus prayest ere the trumpets sound and the fight begins: “Mars, whether thou reclinest on cloud-capped Haemus, or frost-white Rhodope holdeth thee, or Athos, severed to give passage to the Persian fleet, or Pangaeus, gloomy with dark holm-oaks, gird thyself at my side and defend thine own land of Thrace. If victory smile on us, thy meed shall be an oak stump adorned with spoils.”

The Father heard his prayer and rose from the snowy peaks of Haemus shouting commands to his speedy servants: “Bellona, bring my helmet; fasten me, Panic, the wheels upon my chariot; harness my swift horses, Fear. Hasten: speed on your work. See, my Stilicho makes him ready for war; Stilicho whose habit it is to load me with rich trophies and hang upon the oak the plumed helmets of his enemies. For us together the trumpets ever sound the call to battle; yoking my chariot I follow wheresoever he pitch his camp.” So spake he and leapt upon the plain, and on this side Stilicho scattered the enemy bands in broadcast flight and on that Mars; alike the twain in accoutrement and stature. The helmets of either tower with bristling crests, their breastplates flash as they speed along and their spears take their fill of widely dealt wounds.

Meanwhile Megaera, more eager now she has got her way, and revelling in this widespread

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