FOOTNOTES:[1]In the French colonies, where Coffee is more used than in the English, Gout is scarcely known.[2]The City, 2nd edition.[3]The Dutch admiral who, in June, 1667, dashed into the Downs with a fleet of eighty sail, and many fire-ships, blocked up the mouths of the Medway and Thames, destroyed the fortifications at Sheerness, cut away the paltry defences of booms and chains drawn across the rivers, and got to Chatham, on the one side, and nearly to Gravesend on the other; the king having spent in debauchery the money voted by Parliament for the proper support of the English navy.[4]General Monk and Prince Rupert were at this time commanders of the English fleet.[5]Lilly was the celebrated astrologer of the Protectorate, who earned great fame at that time by predicting, in June, 1645, "if now we fight, a victory stealeth upon us:" a lucky guess, signally verified in the King's defeat at Naseby. Lilly thenceforth always saw the stars favourable to the Puritans.[6]This man was originally a fishing-tackle-maker in Tower-street, during the reign of Charles I.; but turning enthusiast, he went about prognosticating "the downfall of the King and Popery;" and as he and his predictions were all on the popular side, he became a great man with the superstitious "godly brethren" of that day.[7]Turnbal, or Turnbull-street as it is still called, had been for a century previous of infamous repute. In Beaumont and Fletcher's play, theKnight of the Burning Pestle, one of the ladies who is undergoing penance at the barber's, has her character sufficiently pointed out to the audience, in her declaration, that she had been "stolen from her friends in Turnbal-street."[8]From the National Review, No. 8.[9]We question whether the Coffee-house general business was entirely given up immediately after the transition.[10]'The Magistrate: Description of London and Westminster,' 1776.[11]The Dane Coffee-house, between the Upper and Lower Malls, Hammersmith, was frequented by Thomson, who wrote here a part of hisWinter. On the Terrace resided, for many years, Arthur Murphy, and Loutherbourg, the painter. The latter died there, in 1812.[12]Cumberland's Memoirs, vol. i.[13]Cunningham's Walpole, vol. ii. p. 196, note.[14]Will's Coffee-house first had the title of the Red Cow, then of the Rose, and, we believe, is the same house alluded to in the pleasant story in the second number of theTatler:—"Supper and friends expect we at the Rose."The Rose, however, was a common sign for houses of public entertainment.[15]The Spectator, No. 398.[16]Carruthers: Life of Pope.[17]The Guardian, No. 71.[18]The Guardian, No. 85.[19]The Guardian, No. 93.[20]The Guardian, No. 114.[21]The Guardian, No. 142.[22]The Guardian, No. 171.[23]From Mr. Sala's vivid "William Hogarth;" Cornhill Magazine, vol. i. p. 428.[24]See "Club at Tom's Coffee-house," vol. i. pp.159-164.[25]Memoir by Moy Thomas, prefixed to Collins's Poetical Works. Bell and Daldy, 1858.[26]Rawle was one of his Majesty's accoutrement makers; and after his death, his effects were sold by Hutchins, in King-street, Covent Garden. Among the lots were a helmet, a sword, and several letters, of Oliver Cromwell; also the doublet in which Cromwell dissolved the Long Parliament. Another singular lot was a large black wig, with long flowing curls, stated to have been worn by King Charles II.: it was bought by Suett, the actor, who was a great collector of wigs. He continued to act in this wig for many years, inTom Thumb, and other pieces, till it was burnt when the theatre at Birmingham was destroyed by fire. Next morning, Suett, meeting Mrs. Booth, the mother of the lively actress S. Booth, exclaimed, "Mrs. Booth, my wig's gone!"[27]This negatives a belief common in our day that a Covent Garden tavern was the first divided into rooms for guests.[28]A successor of Francis, a waiter at the Boar's Head, in the last century, had a tablet with an inscription in St. Michael's Crooked-lane churchyard, just at the back of the tavern; setting forth that he died, "drawer at the Boar's Head Tavern, in Great Eastcheap," and was noted for his honesty and sobriety; in that—"Tho' nurs'd among full hogsheads he defiedThe charms of wine, as well as others' pride."He also practised the singular virtue of drawing good wine and of taking care to "fill his pots," as appears by the closing lines of the inscription:—"Ye that on Bacchus have a like dependance,Pray copy Bob in measure and attendance.'"[29]Curiosities of London, p. 265.[30]Burn's Catalogue of the Beaufoy Tokens.[31]Abridged from an Account of the Tavern, by an Antiquary.[32]Curiosities of London, p. 678.[33]Jesse's 'London and its Celebrities.'[34]Subsequently "Dick's."[35]See Whittington Club, Vol. I. p.313.[36]We learn from Collier'sRoxburghe Ballads(Lit. Gaz.No. 1566) that in the reign of James I. "sparkling sack" was sold at 1s.6d.per quart, and "Canary—pure French wine," at 7 pence.[37]Lives of Wits and Humourists, vol. i. p. 134.[38]Jo. Miller; a Biography, 1848.[39]Walks and Talks about London, 1865, pp. 180-182.[40]Curiosities of London, pp. 678, 679.[41]Edward Locket, in 1693, took the Bowling-green House, on Putney Heath, where all gentlemen might be entertained. In a house built on the site of the above, died, Jan. 23, 1806, the Rt. Hon. William Pitt.[42]At the noted Cat and Bagpipes tavern, at the south-west corner of Downing-street, George Rose used to eat his mutton-chop; he subsequently became Secretary to the Treasury.[43]Abridged from the Romance of London, vol. i. pp. 225-232.[44]The old Golden Cross Inn, Charing Cross, stood a short distance west of the present Golden Cross Hotel, No. 452, Strand. Of the former we read: "April 23, 1643. It was at this period, by order of the Committee or Commission appointed by the House, the sign of a tavern, the Golden Cross, at Charing Cross, was taken down, as superstitious and idolatrous."—In Suffolk-street, Haymarket, was the Tavern before which took place "the Calves' Head Club" riot.—See Vol. I., p.27.[45]In Jermyn-street, Haymarket, was the One Tun Tavern, a haunt of Sheridan's; and, upon the site of "the Little Theatre," is the Café de l'Europe.[46]Canonbury Tavern was in the middle of the last century a small ale-house. It was taken by a Mr. Lane, who had been a private soldier: he improved the house, but its celebrity was gained by the widow Sutton, who kept the place from 1785 to 1808, and built new rooms, and laid out the bowling-green and tea-gardens. An Assembly was first established here in the year 1810. Nearly the entire premises, which then occupied about four acres, were situated within the old park wall of the Priory of St. Bartholomew; it formed, indeed, a part of the eastern side of the house; the ancient fish-pond was also connected with the grounds. The Tavern has been rebuilt.[47]Robins'sPaddington, Past and Present.[48]Stolen Marriages were the source of the old Knightsbridge tavern success; and ten books of marriages and baptisms solemnized here, 1658 to 1752, are preserved. Trinity Chapel, the old edifice, was one of the places where these irregular marriages were solemnized. Thus, in Shadwell'sSullen Lovers, Lovell is made to say, "Let's dally no longer; there is a person at Knightsbridge that yokes all stray people together; we'll to him, he'll dispatch us presently, and send us away as lovingly as any two fools that ever yet were condemned to marriage." Some of the entries in this marriage register are suspicious enough—"secrecy for life," or "great secrecy," or "secret for fourteen years" being appended to the names. Mr. Davis, in hisMemorials of Knightsbridge, was the first to exhume from this document the name of the adventuress "Mrs. Mary Aylif," whom Sir Samuel Morland married as his fourth wife, in 1697. Readers of Pepys will remember how pathetically Morland wrote, eighteen days after the wedding, that when he had expected to marry an heiress, "I was, about a fortnight since, led as a fool to the stocks, and married a coachman's daughter not worth a shilling."[49]Davis'sMemorials of Knightsbridge.[50]The last relic of "Jenny's Whim" was removed in November, 1865.[51]In 1755, a quarto satirical tract was published, entitled "Jenny's Whim; or, a Sure Guide to the Nobility, Gentry, and other Eminent Persons in this Metropolis."[52]See the Descriptions of Vauxhall Gardens inCuriosities of London, pp. 745-748.Walks and Talks about London, pp. 16-30.Romance of London, vol. iii. pp. 34-44.[53]The Prince was initiated in a Lodge at the Key and Garter, No. 26, Pall Mall.[54]Hampton Court Palace was built by Freemasons, as appears from the very curious accounts of the expenses of the fabric, extant among the public records of London.[55]Household Words, 1852.[56]The usual allowance at what is called a Turtle-Dinner, is 6 lb. live weight per head. At the Spanish-Dinner, at the City of London Tavern, in 1808, four hundred guests attended, and 2500lb. of turtle were consumed.For the Banquet at Guildhall, on Lord Mayor's Day, 250 tureens of turtle are provided.Turtle may be enjoyed in steaks, cutlets, or fins, and as soup, clear andpurée, at the Albion, London, and Freemasons', and other large taverns. "The Ship and Turtle Tavern," Nos. 129 and 130, Leadenhall-street, is especially famous for its turtle; and from this establishment several of the West-end Club-houses are supplied.[57]The Art of Dining.Murray, 1852.[58]The Art of Dining.—Murray, 1852.[59]Communicated to theBuilderby Mr. Rhodes.
[1]In the French colonies, where Coffee is more used than in the English, Gout is scarcely known.
[2]The City, 2nd edition.
[3]The Dutch admiral who, in June, 1667, dashed into the Downs with a fleet of eighty sail, and many fire-ships, blocked up the mouths of the Medway and Thames, destroyed the fortifications at Sheerness, cut away the paltry defences of booms and chains drawn across the rivers, and got to Chatham, on the one side, and nearly to Gravesend on the other; the king having spent in debauchery the money voted by Parliament for the proper support of the English navy.
[4]General Monk and Prince Rupert were at this time commanders of the English fleet.
[5]Lilly was the celebrated astrologer of the Protectorate, who earned great fame at that time by predicting, in June, 1645, "if now we fight, a victory stealeth upon us:" a lucky guess, signally verified in the King's defeat at Naseby. Lilly thenceforth always saw the stars favourable to the Puritans.
[6]This man was originally a fishing-tackle-maker in Tower-street, during the reign of Charles I.; but turning enthusiast, he went about prognosticating "the downfall of the King and Popery;" and as he and his predictions were all on the popular side, he became a great man with the superstitious "godly brethren" of that day.
[7]Turnbal, or Turnbull-street as it is still called, had been for a century previous of infamous repute. In Beaumont and Fletcher's play, theKnight of the Burning Pestle, one of the ladies who is undergoing penance at the barber's, has her character sufficiently pointed out to the audience, in her declaration, that she had been "stolen from her friends in Turnbal-street."
[8]From the National Review, No. 8.
[9]We question whether the Coffee-house general business was entirely given up immediately after the transition.
[10]'The Magistrate: Description of London and Westminster,' 1776.
[11]The Dane Coffee-house, between the Upper and Lower Malls, Hammersmith, was frequented by Thomson, who wrote here a part of hisWinter. On the Terrace resided, for many years, Arthur Murphy, and Loutherbourg, the painter. The latter died there, in 1812.
[12]Cumberland's Memoirs, vol. i.
[13]Cunningham's Walpole, vol. ii. p. 196, note.
[14]Will's Coffee-house first had the title of the Red Cow, then of the Rose, and, we believe, is the same house alluded to in the pleasant story in the second number of theTatler:—
"Supper and friends expect we at the Rose."
The Rose, however, was a common sign for houses of public entertainment.
[15]The Spectator, No. 398.
[16]Carruthers: Life of Pope.
[17]The Guardian, No. 71.
[18]The Guardian, No. 85.
[19]The Guardian, No. 93.
[20]The Guardian, No. 114.
[21]The Guardian, No. 142.
[22]The Guardian, No. 171.
[23]From Mr. Sala's vivid "William Hogarth;" Cornhill Magazine, vol. i. p. 428.
[24]See "Club at Tom's Coffee-house," vol. i. pp.159-164.
[25]Memoir by Moy Thomas, prefixed to Collins's Poetical Works. Bell and Daldy, 1858.
[26]Rawle was one of his Majesty's accoutrement makers; and after his death, his effects were sold by Hutchins, in King-street, Covent Garden. Among the lots were a helmet, a sword, and several letters, of Oliver Cromwell; also the doublet in which Cromwell dissolved the Long Parliament. Another singular lot was a large black wig, with long flowing curls, stated to have been worn by King Charles II.: it was bought by Suett, the actor, who was a great collector of wigs. He continued to act in this wig for many years, inTom Thumb, and other pieces, till it was burnt when the theatre at Birmingham was destroyed by fire. Next morning, Suett, meeting Mrs. Booth, the mother of the lively actress S. Booth, exclaimed, "Mrs. Booth, my wig's gone!"
[27]This negatives a belief common in our day that a Covent Garden tavern was the first divided into rooms for guests.
[28]A successor of Francis, a waiter at the Boar's Head, in the last century, had a tablet with an inscription in St. Michael's Crooked-lane churchyard, just at the back of the tavern; setting forth that he died, "drawer at the Boar's Head Tavern, in Great Eastcheap," and was noted for his honesty and sobriety; in that—
"Tho' nurs'd among full hogsheads he defiedThe charms of wine, as well as others' pride."
He also practised the singular virtue of drawing good wine and of taking care to "fill his pots," as appears by the closing lines of the inscription:—
"Ye that on Bacchus have a like dependance,Pray copy Bob in measure and attendance.'"
[29]Curiosities of London, p. 265.
[30]Burn's Catalogue of the Beaufoy Tokens.
[31]Abridged from an Account of the Tavern, by an Antiquary.
[32]Curiosities of London, p. 678.
[33]Jesse's 'London and its Celebrities.'
[34]Subsequently "Dick's."
[35]See Whittington Club, Vol. I. p.313.
[36]We learn from Collier'sRoxburghe Ballads(Lit. Gaz.No. 1566) that in the reign of James I. "sparkling sack" was sold at 1s.6d.per quart, and "Canary—pure French wine," at 7 pence.
[37]Lives of Wits and Humourists, vol. i. p. 134.
[38]Jo. Miller; a Biography, 1848.
[39]Walks and Talks about London, 1865, pp. 180-182.
[40]Curiosities of London, pp. 678, 679.
[41]Edward Locket, in 1693, took the Bowling-green House, on Putney Heath, where all gentlemen might be entertained. In a house built on the site of the above, died, Jan. 23, 1806, the Rt. Hon. William Pitt.
[42]At the noted Cat and Bagpipes tavern, at the south-west corner of Downing-street, George Rose used to eat his mutton-chop; he subsequently became Secretary to the Treasury.
[43]Abridged from the Romance of London, vol. i. pp. 225-232.
[44]The old Golden Cross Inn, Charing Cross, stood a short distance west of the present Golden Cross Hotel, No. 452, Strand. Of the former we read: "April 23, 1643. It was at this period, by order of the Committee or Commission appointed by the House, the sign of a tavern, the Golden Cross, at Charing Cross, was taken down, as superstitious and idolatrous."—In Suffolk-street, Haymarket, was the Tavern before which took place "the Calves' Head Club" riot.—See Vol. I., p.27.
[45]In Jermyn-street, Haymarket, was the One Tun Tavern, a haunt of Sheridan's; and, upon the site of "the Little Theatre," is the Café de l'Europe.
[46]Canonbury Tavern was in the middle of the last century a small ale-house. It was taken by a Mr. Lane, who had been a private soldier: he improved the house, but its celebrity was gained by the widow Sutton, who kept the place from 1785 to 1808, and built new rooms, and laid out the bowling-green and tea-gardens. An Assembly was first established here in the year 1810. Nearly the entire premises, which then occupied about four acres, were situated within the old park wall of the Priory of St. Bartholomew; it formed, indeed, a part of the eastern side of the house; the ancient fish-pond was also connected with the grounds. The Tavern has been rebuilt.
[47]Robins'sPaddington, Past and Present.
[48]Stolen Marriages were the source of the old Knightsbridge tavern success; and ten books of marriages and baptisms solemnized here, 1658 to 1752, are preserved. Trinity Chapel, the old edifice, was one of the places where these irregular marriages were solemnized. Thus, in Shadwell'sSullen Lovers, Lovell is made to say, "Let's dally no longer; there is a person at Knightsbridge that yokes all stray people together; we'll to him, he'll dispatch us presently, and send us away as lovingly as any two fools that ever yet were condemned to marriage." Some of the entries in this marriage register are suspicious enough—"secrecy for life," or "great secrecy," or "secret for fourteen years" being appended to the names. Mr. Davis, in hisMemorials of Knightsbridge, was the first to exhume from this document the name of the adventuress "Mrs. Mary Aylif," whom Sir Samuel Morland married as his fourth wife, in 1697. Readers of Pepys will remember how pathetically Morland wrote, eighteen days after the wedding, that when he had expected to marry an heiress, "I was, about a fortnight since, led as a fool to the stocks, and married a coachman's daughter not worth a shilling."
[49]Davis'sMemorials of Knightsbridge.
[50]The last relic of "Jenny's Whim" was removed in November, 1865.
[51]In 1755, a quarto satirical tract was published, entitled "Jenny's Whim; or, a Sure Guide to the Nobility, Gentry, and other Eminent Persons in this Metropolis."
[52]See the Descriptions of Vauxhall Gardens inCuriosities of London, pp. 745-748.Walks and Talks about London, pp. 16-30.Romance of London, vol. iii. pp. 34-44.
[53]The Prince was initiated in a Lodge at the Key and Garter, No. 26, Pall Mall.
[54]Hampton Court Palace was built by Freemasons, as appears from the very curious accounts of the expenses of the fabric, extant among the public records of London.
[55]Household Words, 1852.
[56]The usual allowance at what is called a Turtle-Dinner, is 6 lb. live weight per head. At the Spanish-Dinner, at the City of London Tavern, in 1808, four hundred guests attended, and 2500lb. of turtle were consumed.
For the Banquet at Guildhall, on Lord Mayor's Day, 250 tureens of turtle are provided.
Turtle may be enjoyed in steaks, cutlets, or fins, and as soup, clear andpurée, at the Albion, London, and Freemasons', and other large taverns. "The Ship and Turtle Tavern," Nos. 129 and 130, Leadenhall-street, is especially famous for its turtle; and from this establishment several of the West-end Club-houses are supplied.
[57]The Art of Dining.Murray, 1852.
[58]The Art of Dining.—Murray, 1852.
[59]Communicated to theBuilderby Mr. Rhodes.