Chapter 4

*artesano*m.artisan

*Ascalonita*m.native of Askelon (in Palestine), Askelonite

*ascendiente*m. and f.ancestor (direct or collateral)

*asegurar* assure; assert positively

*así* this way; that way; so; *—— como* just as

*asimismo* likewise

*asomar* thrust out; *——se* appear

*asombrar* astonish

*aspaviento*m.demonstration of terror

*áspero* rough

*aspirar* aspire

*astuto* astute

*asumir* assume

*asunto*m.subject, matter

*asustar* frighten

*Atala* Atala (heroine of Chateaubriand's novel "Atala")

*ataque*m.attack

*atar* tie; *hay que —lo* he needs a strait-jacket; *—— tantos cabos* arrange so many things

*atención*f.attention; *en —— a* bearing in mind

*atender a* heed, listen to; attend

*atento* attentive; *su —— y seguro servidor* sincerely yours

*atisbar* take a peep; spy out

*atrás* backwards

*atravesar* cross; pierce

*atreverse a* dare

*atrevido* bold

*atribuir* attribute

*atufarse* be angry

*aturdir* stun, bewilder

*aún* yet; still; even;when placed before the word modified it is written without the accent

*aunque* although

*ausencia*f.absence

*autor*m.author

*autoridad*f.authority

*autorizar* authorize

*avalorar* estimate, appreciate

*avanzado* (pp. of*avanzar*) advanced

*aventura*f.adventure

*averiguar* find out

*avisar* inform, notify

*ay*exclam.oh

*ayer* yesterday

*ayuda*f.help

*ayudar* help

*ayuno* in a state of fasting; *en ——, en ayunas*, without knowing, without understanding

*ayuntamiento*m.municipal governing body

*baba*f.drivel; *caerse la ——* drivel, slaver with pleasure;cf. Englishlick one's chops

*bagatela*f.trifle

*bailar* dance; *esta es otra que bien baila* here's another one just as bad

*bajá*m.pasha

*bajar* come down; go down; bring down

*bajeza*f.lowness

*bajo* under; on;adj. and adv.low

*balde*m.(from*balda*f.a thing of trifling value): *de ——* free; *en ——* in vain

*bandera*f.flag

*bando*m.party, faction

*barato* cheap

*barba*f.beard;pl.whiskers; *decir en sus ——s* say to one's face

*Bárbara* Barbara; *Santa ——* patron saint of gunnery; the powder-house

*barrer* sweep

*barrigoncito*dim. of*barrigón* pot-bellied

*barrio*m.district, neighborhood

*Basilio* Basil;as adj. applied to a monkof the order of St. Basil

*bastante* enough; quite; considerable

*bastar* be enough

*batalla*f.battle

*batallón*m.battalion

*batir* strike;—sefight

*batista*f.batiste

*bayoneta*f.bayonet

*baza*f.trick (at cards)

*beber* drink

*belleza*f.beauty

*bello* beautiful, fine

*bendecir* bless

*berenjena*f.plant one of whose varieties is the egg-plant (to eat its fruit was once popularly supposed to cause insanity); *qué ——s* what craziness; what stuff

*Berlín* Berlin

*berroqueña*adj. used with noun*piedra* (rock, stone)to meangranite,as*piedra ——* granite, granite rock; *ser de piedra ——* be hard as stone

*besar* kiss

*biblioteca*f.library

*bibliotecario*m.librarian

*bien* well; quite; *más ——* rather;m.good, benefit; object of love;pl.property; *——es de fortuna* worldly treasures

*bienestar*m.well-being

*bigote*m.mustache; *decir en sus ——s* say to one's face (cf.*decir en sus barbas*)

*blanca*f.old silver coin (no longer in use)

*blanco* white

*blanquear* whiten

*boardilla*f.garret

*boca*f.mouth

*bocado*m.mouthful

*boda*f.wedding; marriage

*bodorrio*m.(fam. for*bodijo*) unequal marriage

*bollo*m.roll, cake

*Bonaparte, Joseph* (1768-1844), brother of Napoleon I, through whose agency he became Spain's unwelcome ruler from 1808 to 1813

*bondad*f.goodness

*bondadoso* kind, generous

*bonito* pretty; good-looking

*boquirrubio* simple, artless

*bordar* embroider

*borraja*f.borage

*bosque*m.forest

*bostezar* yawn

*botica*f.drug store; drug

*brasero*m.brazier, pan to hold coals

*bravo* brave, fierce

*brazo*m.arm

*breve* brief

*bribón*m.rascal

*brillante* brilliant

*brinco*m.leap

*Bruno* Bruno (brown)

*Bruselas* Brussels

*buche*m.crop, craw; "chest"

*bueno* good; all right; *estar ——* be well; *estar —— para* be in the mood for (often with the opposite meaning, be in no mood for)

*buey*m.ox

*Burgos* Burgos (city in northern Spain)

*burlarse de* make fun of, mock

*busca*f.search

*buscar* look for

*Bustamante, General Anastasio* (1780-1853), vice-president of Mexico under President Guerrero in 1829; president of Mexico in 1830; again president from 1837 to 1841

*cabal* exact; exactly

*cabalito* (intensive of*cabal*) just exactly so

*cabalmente* exactly, precisely

*caballerito*m.(dim. of*caballero*) young gentleman, young master (expression used by servants in addressing a young master)

*caballero*m.sir; gentleman

*cabecera*f.head (of a bed)

*caber* be contained; *si cabe* if possible

*cabeza*f.head; *irse la ——* go mad

*cabo*m.end; *al ——* after all, finally, at last; *de —— a rabo* from start to finish

*cacao*m.cocoa

*cachivache*m.broken crockery;pl.worthless pots and pans

*cada* each, every; *—— cual* each one

*cadete*m.cadet

*Cádiz* Cadiz (city in Spain; in 1810 the scene of the radical outburst of the Cortes that embodied the Spanish spirit of democracy; here in Cadiz was drawn up the famous Constitution of 1812)

*caer* fall; *——se* fall down; *ya caigo* now I remember, now I understand

*caída*f.fall

*caja*f.drum; *echar con ——s destempladas* send away angrily

*calabaza*f.pumpkin, squash; *dar ——s* jilt, reject

*calabozo*m.cell, dungeon

*calceta*f.under-stocking; *hacer ——* knit

*calcular* calculate

*caliente* hot

*California*f.California;pl.Upper and Lower California

*cáliz*m.chalice, cup

*calor*m.heat

*calumniar* slander

*calzar* put on shoes, put on spurs,etc.

*calzoncillos*m. pl.drawers

*calzones*m. pl.breeches

*callado* (pp. of*callar*) silent

*callar* hush; be silent; not mention; *calla, calle,* whew, why

*calle*f.street

*cama*f.bed

*camaranchón*m.garret

*cambiar* change

*cambio*m.change; *en ——* on the other hand; on the contrary

*camino*m.road, way

*camisa*f.shirt; chemise

*campanada*f.stroke of a bell

*campanudo* high-sounding

*campo*m.country; field

*canario*exclam. of astonishment asgood gracious

*cancel*m.inner door or wooden screen just inside the main entrance; space between the inner door and the outer one (many of the public buildings in the United States have an arrangement similar to the Spanish *cancel*)

*candelero*m.candlestick

*canónigo*m.canon (of a church)

*cantar* sing; *—— de plano* speak out plainly

*Cantarranas (Cantaranas)*literallycroaking frogs.The name of the street was later changed to*Calle de Lope de Vega*

*caña*f.reed, cane

*cañón*m.cannon

*caoba*f.mahogany

*capaz* capable

*capital*f.capital city

*capitán*m.captain

*cara*f.face

*Caracas* Caracas (capital of Venezuela)

*carácter*m.office; character

*caramba*commonest exclam. in Spanish, expressing surprise, admiration, vexation, etc.indeed, the deuce

*carbón*m.coal

*carbunclo*m.carbuncle (glowing precious stone)

*cargo*m.care, charge; *a su ——* under his charge

*cariño*m.tenderness, affection

*Carlos* Charles; Charles III, king of Spain from 1759 to 1788

*caro* dear; expensive

*carraspera*f.hoarseness (necessitating frequent clearing of the throat)

*carrera*f.career

*carta*f.letter

*cartilla*f.primer

*cartucho*m.cartridge

*casa*f.house; *en ——* at home

*casamiento*m.marriage.

*casarse con* marry

*cascada*f.cascade, waterfall

*casco*m.skull, head (used also in pl.)

*casero*m.landlord

*casi* almost

*caso*m.case; *el —— es* the fact is

*cáspita*exclam. indicating surprisewonderful, gracious

*castigar* punish

*castillo*m.castle

*castizo* chaste, pure

*causa*f.cause, sake

*cé* ts (hissing sound made to call some one's attention)

*cebolla*f.onion

*cebón* fattened

*ceder* yield

*ceja*f.eyebrow; *entre —— y ——* in one's head

*cenar* dine

*cenefa*f.border. (In what the ladies style a "dress pattern," the *cenefa* is of the same material as the body of the goods with the design so modified that the *cenefa* may serve as trimming at sleeves, waist line, edge of skirt, etc.)

*ceniza*f.ashes

*centinela*m.sentinel; *de ——* on guard, on the lookout

*cepillar* brush

*cepillo*m.brush

*cerca de* near; about

*cerciorar* inform

*cerebral* cerebral

*ceremonia*f.ceremony

*cerezo*m.cherry-tree; cherry-wood

*cerrar* close; lock

*Cerro Gordo* Cerro Gordo (site near Jalapa in the state of Vera Cruz,Mexico, scene of an important victory for the American forces underGeneral Winfield Scott, April 18, 1847)

*Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de* (1547-1616), author of "Don Quixote"

*ciego* blind

*cielo*m.heaven

*cien* one hundred

*ciertamente* certainly

*cierto* true; certain; *por ——* certainly, of course; *lo —— es* the fact is

*cifrar(se)* reckon, count

*cimarrón* wild, maroon (term applied to runaway slave living wild in the woods or mountains)

*cinco* five

*circunstancia*f.circumstance, condition; event

*citar* cite

*ciudadanía*f.citizenship

*civil* civil

*clandestino* clandestine

*Clari*f.girl's name

*claro* clear

*clase*f.class

*claustro*m.cloister

*Clementina*f.Clementine

*cocinero*m.cook

*cocotero*m.coconut tree

*coche*m.coach

*codiciar* covet

*codillo*m.codille; card term in the game of *tresillo* or *hombre* (French*hombre*,English*ombre*);in tresillo the hombre or solo player plays against two others;*dar ——* defeat the solo player;the solo player loses if either one of the other two takes more tricks than he does

*coger* catch

*cola*f.tail, train

*colchón*m.mattress

*colegiala*f.schoolgirl

*colegio*m.school

*color*m.color

*colorado* red

*collereta*f.(dim. of*collera*) collar

*coma*f.comma

*combate*m.conflict, engagement

*combustión*f.combustion

*comedia*f.comedy; *entablar la ——* stage the play; begin operations

*comenzar* commence

*comer* eat

*comerciante*m.merchant

*comercio*m.commerce

*cometa*f.kite

*cómico* comic, comical, humorous

*comisión*f.commission

*como* as; how; like

*cómo*interrog.how; *de a ——* at how much

*comodidad*f.comfort

*cómodo* comfortable

*compadecer* feel sorry for

*compañera*f.companion, mate

*compañía*f.company

*compartir* share

*compasión*f.compassion

*complacerse en* take delight in

*completamente* completely

*complot*m.plot, conspiracy

*composición*f.composition, piece of work

*comprar* buy

*comprender* understand

*comprometer* bind; *——se* become engaged to marry

*compromiso*m.embarrassing situation

*con* with; *—— tal que* provided, provided that

*conceder* grant

*concepto*m.opinion

*conciencia*f.conscience

*conde*m.count

*condena*f.sentence

*condenar* condemn, damn

*conducir* conduct

*conferencia*f.meeting, interview

*confesar* confess

*confesonario*m.confessional

*confianza*f.confidence, trust

*confiar* confide

*confidencial* confidential

*confiscar* confiscate

*confite*m.candy

*confundir* embarrass, confuse

*confusión*f.confusion

*congoja*f.anguish

*conmigo* with me

*conocer* know; *si conoceré a mi gente* don't I know them

*conque* and so

*consagrar* consecrate

*consecuencia*f.consequence

*conseguir* succeed in; attain; obtain

*consejero*m.counselor

*consejo*m.advice, counsel; council-house; *—— privado* privy council

*consentimiento*m.consent

*consentir* consent

*conservar* keep, preserve

*considerar* consider

*consigo* with him; with her; with you; with them; with themselves; with yourselves,etc.

*consiguiente*m.consequence; *de ——, por ——,* consequently

*consistir* consist

*consolar* console

*conspirar* conspire; war

*constancia*f.constancy

*constante* constant, faithful

*constitucional* constitutional

*constituir* constitute

*consuelo*m.consolation

*consulta*f.consultation

*consultar* consult

*contar* count

*contento* happy, satisfied

*contestación*f.answer

*contestar* answer

*contigo* with thee

*continuo* continual

*contra* against

*contrabandista*m. and f.smuggler

*contradecir* contradict

*contrario* contrary; *de lo ——* otherwise; *al ——* on the contrary

*contribuir* contribute

*convencer* convince

*convenir* suit; *—— en* agree to, agree upon

*convento*m.convent

*conversación*f.conversation

*convicción*f.conviction

*cooperar* coöperate; *—— a ella* coöperate in it

*copa*f.crown (of a hat)

*copiante*m. and f.copyist

*copiar* copy

*Coralina* girl's name

*corazón*m.heart

*cordial* cordial

*coronar* crown

*coronel*m.colonel

*corrección*f.correction

*correr* run; *su corre ve y dile* (now*correvedile*or*correveidile*;m. or f.) your fetch-and-carry

*corresponder* requite, love in return; belong

*correspondiente* corresponding

*corriente* current

*corte*m.cut, pattern

*corte*f.court;pl.Spanish Senate and Congress of Deputies

*cortedad*f.diffidence

*cortina*f.curtain

*cosa*f.thing, matter; anything

*coser* sew

*costa*f.cost

*costar* cost

*costumbre*f.custom

*cotorra*f.magpie

*cotorrita*f. dim. of*cotorra*

*covachuelista, covachuelo,*m.familiar name given to an official in the service of a minister to the Crown (the offices where the secretaries worked were called *covachuelas*, little caves, because located in the vaults of the old royal palace)

*Creador*m.Creator, God

*crear* create

*crecido* (pp. of*crecer* grow, increase) large

*credo*m.creed (prayer containing the articles of Christian belief); *hace un ——* a few minutes ago

*creer* believe; *ya lo creo* yes, to be sure

*crespo* crisp, curly

*criado (pp. of*criar*) brought up;m.servant;f.servant

*criar* raise; rear, bring up

*criminal* criminal

*crisis*f.crisis

*cristal*m.glass; crystal

*cristiano* Christian

*crítica*f.criticism *crítico*m.critic

*crudo* raw

*cruel* cruel

*crueldad*f.cruelty

*cuadro*m.picture

*cual* which

*cualidad*f.quality

*cualquiera* any, any one

*cuando* when; *—— más* at most (cf.*a lo más*); *—— menos* at least

*cuanto* as, as much; whatever; *en —— a* as for; as regards; *—— más pronto* the sooner; *—— más que* the more so as

*cuánto* how much

*cuarenta* forty

*cuarterón*m.quarter of a pound

*cuartillo*m.pint

*cuarto*m.quarter; fourth; room; flat

*cuatro* four

*cubrir* cover

*cucurucho*m.paper cone

*cuenta*f.account

*cuerpo*m.body; *—— de ejército* main body of an army

*cuestión*f.question

*cuidado*m.care, worry; *tener —— con* worry; *—— que* I tell you, no mistake;used as an exclam. with verb understoodtake care, be careful

*cuidar de* care, take care

*culpa*f.fault, blame

*cultivar* cultivate

*cumplido*m.compliment

*cumplir* fulfill; keep a promise

*cura*m.priest

*curiosear* watch, pry into others' affairs

*curiosidad*f.curiosity

*cuyo* whose

*charlar* chatter

*chasco*m.disappointment; trick

*chaveta*f.(sometimes written*chabeta*) linchpin, key; *perder la ——*fam. expressiongo crazy (cf. Englishgo to pieces)

*chico* little;m.boy;f.girl

*chichón*m.bump

*chisme*m.gossip

*chispear* sparkle; *—— gracias* sparkle with witticisms

*chiste*m.joke

*chistoso* funny, humorous

*chocolate*m.chocolate

*chocolatera*f.chocolate pot

*chuleta*f.chop

*Churubusco* Churubusco (small village near Mexico City whose central feature was the massive stone convent of San Pablo. A battle was won here by the American troops on August 20, 1847)

*dama*f.lady

*dar* give; cause; *—— a luz* publish; *—— en* (with inf.) take to; *—— la hora* strike the hour; *va a —— algo* you are going to have an attack of some sort; *—se con la cabeza* bump one's head

*datar* date

*de* of; from; as; by; at; with;with inf.to

*deán*m.dean

*debajo de* underneath

*debelar* conquer

*deber* owe; ought; *debía resultar* must result

*debido* (pp. of*deber*) due

*débil* weak

*debilitar* weaken

*decidir* decide

*decir* say, tell

*declaración*f.proposal of marriage

*decoro*m.decorum

*dedicar* dedicate

*dedo*m.finger; *—— meñique* little finger

*deducir* deduce

*defecto*m.defect

*defender* defend

*defensa*f.defense

*defensor*m.defender

*dejar* leave; let alone; allow; *—— en el tintero* leave out in writing; *—— de* (with inf.) fail to

*delante* before

*delicioso* delightful

*demás: lo ——* the rest, the other; *los ——* the rest, the others

*demasiado* too; too much

*demonio*m.demon

*demostrar* show, indicate

*denominar* designate by name

*dentro* within, inside

*depender* depend

*derecho* straight;m.right

*derramar* shed

*desagradable* disagreeable

*desairar* slight, provoke, offend

*desaliento*m.discouragement

*desamar* cease to love

*desanimarse* become discouraged

*desarmar* disarm

*desastre*m.disaster

*desatar* untie, disarrange

*desatino*m.nonsense, folly

*desayunarse* take breakfast

*descansar* rest

*descanso*m.landing (of a staircase)

*desconocer* fail to recognize

*desconocido* (pp. of*desconocer*) strange, unknown

*descoser* rip; open

*describir* describe

*descripción*f.description

*descubrir* discover, disclose

*descuidar* neglect; *——se* be neglectful

*descuido*m.carelessness

*desde* from; *—— luego* at once

*desear* desire, wish

*desembarazado* (pp. of*desembarazar*) unhindered

*desempeñar* perform; *—— un papel* play a part

*desenamorarse* cease to be in love

*desencantar* disillusion

*desengañar* undeceive; *—se* find out one's mistake

*desengaño*m.disillusion; discovery of a mistake; *Calle de Desengaño* name of a street in Madrid

*desenlace*m.dénouement, ending (of a play or story)

*deseo*m.desire

*desesperación*f.desperation

*desesperar* despair; drive to despair

*desgarrar* tear

*desgracia*f.misfortune

*desgraciadamente* unfortunately

*desgraciado* unfortunate

*desheredar* disinherit

*desistir* desist

*deslealtad*f.disloyalty

*deslumbrado* (pp. of*deslumbrar*) dazed, dazzled; undecided

*desmejorar* change (for the worse)

*desnudar(se)* undress

*desorden*m.disorder

*despachar* finish; *——se* be quick

*despacho*m.office

*despedir* dismiss

*despego*m.aversion, coldness

*despeñar* precipitate

*desperdiciar* fail to make use of; waste

*despertar(se)* awaken

*despojos*m. pl.remains

*después* after; afterwards; *—— de* (with inf.) after

*desterrar* banish

*destierro*m.banishment

*destinar* destine

*destrozar* tear, destroy

*desván*m.attic

*desvelo*m.anxiety, watchful care

*desventurado* unfortunate

*detener(se)* stop

*determinar a* decide

*deuda*f.debt

*día*m.day; *hoy ——* nowadays; *el —— menos pensado* unexpectedly; *buenos ——s* good morning

*diablo*m.devil

*diablura*f.deviltry, mischief

*diálogo*m.dialogue

*diario* daily

*dictar* dictate

*dicha*f.happiness

*dicho* (pp. of*decir*) aforesaid; *lo ——* I mean it; enough said;m.legal promise of marriage

*dichoso* happy

*Dieguito* Jimmy

*diez* ten

*diferencia*f.difference

*diferente* different

*difícil* difficult

*dificultad*f.difficulty

*digerir* digest

*dignamente* worthily, suitably

*dignidad*f.dignity

*digno* worthy

*dinero*m.money

*Dios*m.God; *por ——* for heaven's sake

*diplomático*m.diplomat;adj.diplomatic

*dirección*f.executive board

*dirigir* address; *—se* go (toward)

*discernir* discern, distinguish

*disculpar* excuse

*discurso*m.course, space of time

*discutir* discuss

*disfrutar* enjoy

*disparate*m.nonsense; foolish remark

*dispensa*f.dispensation

*disponer* dispose, arrange

*disposición*f.disposal

*disputo*m.dispute

*distinguido* (pp. of*distinguir*) distinguished

*distinto* different

*distraer* distract

*diversión*f.amusement

*diverso* various

*divertido* (pp. of*divertir*) amusing

*divinamente* divinely

*doblar* bend

*docena*f.dozen

*dócil* docile

*doler* pain

*dominante* dominant

*Domingo* Dominic, the black slave in Bernardin de Saint-Pierre's story "Paul et Virginie" (Paul and Virginia)

*Dominus* (Latin) Lord; *—— tecum*Latin salutation meaningtheLord be with thee

*don*m.Spanish title used only with a gentleman's Christian ame (abbreviated*D.*)

*don*m.gift

*doncella*f.maid

*donde* where

*dónde* where (interrog.)

*doña*f.Spanish title used only with a lady's Christian name (more commonly used in addressing or speaking of a married lady, but as a mark of formality the title may be applied to a lady who is unmarried)

*dorar* gild

*dormido* (pp. of*dormir*) sleepy, dreamy

*dormir* sleep; *——se* go to sleep

*dos* two

*dote*m. and f.gift, quality; dowry

*dramático* dramatic

*dramaturgo*m.dramatist

*ducado*m.ducat

*duda*f.doubt

*dudar* doubt

*duende*m.fairy, ghost

*durante* during

*duro*m.dollar;adj.hard

*e* and

*eclesiástico* ecclesiastical

*economía*f.economy

*echar* throw; throw out; put; pour; *—— mano a* seize; *haberse echado el alma atrás* be lost to a sense of duty; *—— por tierra* outdo, overcome;fig.gainsay

*edad*f.age

*edición*f.edition

*Eduardo* Edward

*educación*f.breeding, education

*educar* educate

*efecto*m.effect; *en ——* in fact; really; at any rate

*eficaz* efficacious

*efímero* ephemeral

*ejemplo*m.example

*ejército*m.army

*el, la, lo,*pl.*los, las,* the

*él, ella, ello,*pl.*ellos, ellas,* he; she; it; him; her; they; them; *ello es* it is a fact

*elección*f.choice

*elegancia*f.elegance

*elegante* elegant

*elemento*m.element

*elogiar* praise

*elogio*m.eulogy

*embargo*m.embargo; *sin ——, sin —— de,* notwithstanding; *sin —— de que* notwithstanding the fact that

*embromar* joke, tease

*embustero*m.liar, cheat

*embutido*m.inlaid work

*emigrado*m.political exile

*Emilia Galotti* title of a play by Lessing

*emoción*f.emotion

*empacho*m.bashfulness, embarrassment

*empeñarse en* insist; intercede

*empeño*m.determination, insistence

*empezar* begin

*empleado*m.employee; office-*holder

*emplear* employ; spend; use

*empleo*m.employment

*emporcar* soil

*emprender* begin, undertake

*empresario*m.manager (of a theater)

*en* in; on; (after such verbs as*pensar*) of

*enamorado* (pp. of*enamorarse*) enamored, in love;m.lover

*enamorarse de* fall in love

*encaje*m.lace

*encajera*f.lacemaker

*encantador* charming

*encaramar(se)* perch

*encargado de negocios*m.chargé d'affaires

*encargar* intrust; *——se* take charge; *——se del mando* assume command

*encargo*m.charge; request

*encender* light

*encerado* (pp. of*encerar* wax)m.oilcloth, oilskin

*encerrar* shut up; shut in; lock up

*encierro*m.confinement

*encontrar* find, meet; *——se con* meet

*encuentro*m.meeting

*enemigo*m.enemy

*enfadar* make angry; *——se* become angry

*enfermedad*f.illness, sickness

*enfermo* sick

*enfrascar* bottle up; *——se* be absorbed; be deeply interested in

*enfrente* in front; opposite

*engañar* deceive

*engendrar* beget; form

*engullir* devour

*enhorabuena*adv.well and good

*enlace*m.union

*enojado* (pp. of*enojar*) provoked, annoyed

*enojo*m.anger

*enorme* enormous

*ensalada*f.salad

*ensalzar* exalt

*ensangrentarse* rail offensively; *—— con* rail against

*enseñanza*f.teaching

*enseñar* teach; show

*entablar* make ready

*entender* understand

*enteramente* entirely

*enterarse de* inform one's self; be informed

*enternecer* move to pity; *——se* be moved to pity

*entero* whole

*enterrar* bury; *—— con palma* bury unwed (the palm branch being here a symbol of virginity)

*entonces* then; *por ——* then

*entrada*f.entrance; *libro de ——s y salidas* book of debits and credits

*entrambos* both

*entraña*f.entrail;pl.affection, compassion; *hija de mis ——s* my darling daughter

*entrarse en* enter, come in; come upon; take in

*entre* between; among; *—— tanto* (*entretanto*) meanwhile

*entreabrir* half open

*entregar* hand; give over

*entretener* entertain; delay; *——se* be busy

*entristecer* sadden

*entusiasta* enthusiastic

*enviado*m.envoy

*enviar* send

*envidiable* enviable

*envolver* wrap

*época*f.epoch

*equivocado* (pp. of*equivocar*) mistaken

*equivocar* mistake; *——se* be mistaken

*Ercilla y Zúñiga, Alonso de* (1533-1594), author of the "Araucana"

*erupción*f.eruption

*errar* miss; mistake

*escalera*f.stair, stairway

*escándalo*m.scandal

*escapar(se)* escape; elope

*escapatoria*f.escape; elopement

*escarmiento*m.warning, chastisement

*escasez*f.privation, scarcity

*escena*f.scene

*escenario*m.stage; setting

*escocer* smart

*escoger* select, choose

*esconder* hide

*escribano*m.notary

*escribir* write; *—— corrido* write steadily; write easily and plainly

*escrito* (pp. of*escribir*)m.writing

*escrúpulo*m.scruple

*escuchar* listen

*ese, esa,*dem. adj.that, that very

*ése, ésa, eso,*dem. pron.that, that one;pl.those

*esfera*f.sphere

*eso*neuter pron. referring to an idea, phrase, or sentencethat; *—— es* that's it; *a —— de* about

*espadín*m.rapier

*espalda*f.back; shoulder; *volver las ——s* turn one's back

*España*f.Spain; *Nueva ——* early name given to Mexico by theSpaniards

*español* Spanish

*especialmente* especially

*especie*f.kind

*esperanza*f.hope

*esperar* wait; hope

*espina*f.thorn; splinter; physical cause of annoyance or discomfort;figurative meaningsuspicion, worry; *no me da buena ——* arouses my suspicion (cf. Englishdoesn't look good to me)

*esportilla*f.flexible basket or pannier (woven of esparto grass or something similar)

*esposa*f.wife

*esposo*m.husband

*espumar* skim; remove the scum; *saber cómo se espuma el puchero* know how to skim a stew

*esquina*f.corner

*esta*adj.this (f. form; m.*este*)

*establecer* settle

*establecimiento*m.establishment

*estado*m.state

*Estados Unidos*m. pl.United States

*estar* be; *—— bueno para* be in a fine state for; *—— de vuelta* be back; *—— de prisa* be in a hurry; *ya estoy (enterado)* I understand

*estatua*f.statue

*este, esta,*dem. adj.this

*éste, ésta, esto,*dem. pron.this; this one; the latter;pl.theseetc.

*estéril* fruitless

*esto*neuter pron.this (sometimesthat); *—— es* that is to say

*estómago*m.stomach

*estornudar* sneeze

*estratagema*f.stratagem

*Estuardo* Stuart

*estudiante*m.student

*estudio*m.study

*Etelvina* Ethelwyn

*eternidad*f.eternity

*eterno* eternal

*europeo* European

*evidente* evident

*evitar* avoid; prevent

*ex abrupto* suddenly

*exageración*f.exaggeration

*exaltar* exalt;fig.carry away; *—— la cabeza* turn one's head

*excelente* excellent

*excitar* excite, arouse

*excusa*f.excuse

*exigir* demand; insist on

*existencia*f.existence

*éxito*m.success

*experiencia*f.experience

*explicar* explain

*exponer* expose

*expresar* express

*expresión*f.expression

*expresivo* gracious, kind; expressive

*éxtasis*m.ecstasy

*extensión*f.extent

*exterior* exterior; *en el ——* abroad

*extranjero* foreign

*extrañar(se)* wonder, be surprised

*extraño* strange

*extraordinario* special, extraordinary

*extravagante* extraordinary, outlandish

*fácil* easy

*falsedad*f.falseness

*falta*f.lack; fault; *hacer buena ——* be much in need of; be absolutely necessary

*faltar* lack; *—— a* be lacking in; *no faltaba más* (expression of dissent) the idea! that would be the last straw

*fallo*m.decision, sentence

*familia*f.family

*fastidiar* weary; *——se* become bored

*fatigado* (pp. of*fatigar*) fatigued, weary

*fatuo* fatuous, conceited

*favor*m.favor

*favorable* favorable *fe*f.faith; *a ——*exclam.upon my word

*fecundo* fecund, fertile

*felicidad*f.happiness

*feliz* happy

*feo* ugly

*fiar(se)* trust

*ficción*f.fiction; stratagem, invention, trick

*figurar* figure; *——se* imagine

*filiación*f.filiation

*filial* filial

*fin*m.end; *en ——, al ——, por ——,* after all; finally

*finalmente* finally

*fingir* pretend; plan; invent; counterfeit

*fino* fine, courteous, delicate

*firma*f.signature

*firmar* sign

*fisgonear* spy

*físico*m.constitution

*fisonomía*f.physiognomy

*Flandes* Flanders; *punto de ——* Flemish lace

*fleco*m.fringe

*flor*f.flower

*fogosidad*f.fire, spirit

*fomentar* foment

*fomentom.development

*Fontana de Oro* (Golden Fount) famous café in Madrid much frequented by such liberals and men of letters as the critic Larra and the dramatist Gorostiza

*formación*f.formation

*formar* form; *—— en el bando* join the faction

*forrar* line

*forro*m.lining; cover (of a book)

*fortuna*f.fortune, good luck; *por ——* fortunately

*fosco (hosco)* harsh, frowning

*fracaso*m.sorry plight

*frágil* fragile, frail

*francés* French

*Francia*f.France

*Francisco* Francis

*franco* open

*frase*f.phrase; sentence

*frecuencia*f.frequency

*fregado*m.tangle

*fregar* scrub

*frenético* frenzied

*frente*m.front;f.brow, forehead

*fresco* fresh, cool

*frío*m.cold

*friolera*f.trifle

*frugalmente* frugally

*fruto*m.fruit

*fuego*m.fire

*fuelle*m.bellows

*fuera* outside; *—— de sí* beside one's self

*fuerte*adj. and adv.loud; loudly; strong; strongly

*fuerza*f.force; *por ——* of necessity

*fulano*m.so-and-so

*fundar* found; base

*furioso* furious

*furor*m.fury

*futuro*m.future

*gabacho*m. disrespectful word forFrench; poor Spanish

*gabinete*m.boudoir

*gaceta*f.gazette

*gallina*f.hen; *la —— ciega* blind man's buff

*gamo*m.buck (of the fallow deer)

*gana*f.desire; *tener ——* want

*ganar* earn; *le ——ía la voluntad* must have won for him the good will


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