Chapter 22

A priorireasoning, defects of, i. 385.Absolute uselessness of in political science, 394.Abbé and Abbot, difference between, ii. 129.Absalom and Achitophel, Dryden's, i. 231.Academy, the, character of its doctrines, ii. 450.Addison, Joseph, birth and education, iii.400.Life at Magdalen College,401.Knowledge of the Latin poets,402.Poems of,406.Complimented by Dryden,408.Drawn into political life by Charles Montague,409.Pensioned and sent abroad to study,411.Introduced to Boileau,413.Travels in Italy,416.Loses his pension,422.Returns to England through Germany,423.Writes The Campaign,426.Publishes his Narrative of Travels in Italy,430.Opera of Rosamond,431.Not fitted for prominence in Parliament,433.Conversational gifts,436.His timidity,437.His friends,438.Goes to Ireland as Chief Secretary,441.Contributes to the Tatler,443.His humor compared to that of Swift and Voltaire,445.Value of his essays in elevating literary taste,447.Dismissed from office,450.Enters Parliament again,451.His Spectator papers,454.Contributes to the Guardian; his tragedy of Cato,457.Again Chief Secretary of Ireland,465.Friendship with Swift,466.His comedy The Drummer played; starts the Freeholder,467.His quarrel with Pope,469.Accused of retaliating on Pope,474.Marries the Dowager Countess of Warwick,476.Becomes Secretary of State,477.His troubles with Steele,479.Answers Steele's arguments against the bill for limiting the number of the Peers,481.Dedicates his works to Craggs,482.His piety,483.Death,484.His services to literature,486.Addison, Rev. Lancelot, life, iii.399.Adiaphorists, the, ii. 68.Æschylus, Quintilian's opinion of, i. 42.His use of the supernatural, 106.Afghanistan, monarchy of, analogous to that of England in the sixteenth century, ii. 80.Aikin, Lucy, her life of Addison reviewed, iii.396.Aix, island of, captured, ii. 276.Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, iii.270.Akenside, his Epistle to Curio, ii. 222.Albigensian Crusade, iii.9-11.Alexander the Great, compared with Clive, ii. 760.Alfieri, Vittorio, first to appreciate Dante, i. 6.Influenced by the school of Plutarch, 256.Comparable to Cowper, 591.Alphabetical writing, the greatest of human inventions, ii. 460.Comparative views of its value by Plato and Bacon, 460, 461.Anabaptists, their origin, ii. 72.Anacharsis, reputed contriver of the potter's wheel, ii. 447.Anaverdy Khan, governor of the Carnatic, ii. 685.Angria, his fortress of Gheriah, reduced by Clive, ii. 700.Anne, Queen, her political and religious inclinations as Queen, ii. 176.Changes in her government in 1710, 177.Relative estimation by the Whigs and the Tories of her reign, 178-186.Annus Mirabilis, Dryden's, i. 215.Anytus, first briber of Athenian judges, ii. 431.Apostolical succession, claimed by Mr. Gladstone for the Church of England, ii. 645.Aquinas, Thomas, ii. 482.Archimedes, his slight estimate of his inventions, ii. 457.Archytas, rebuked by Plato, ii. 457.Arcot; Nabob of, his relations with England, ii. 685-692.His claims recognized by the English, 687.Argyle, Duke of, secedes from Walpole's administration, ii. 241.Ariosto, rises above Petrarch's influence, i. 5.Aristotle, his unrivalled excellence in analysis and combination, i. 40.Value of his general propositions, 41.His enlightened and profound criticism, 41.His authority impaired by the Reformation, ii. 454.Arithmetic, comparative estimate of, by Plato and by Bacon, ii. 456.Arlington, Henry Bennet, Lord, his character, ii. 523.His coldness for the Triple Alliance, 530.His impeachment, 546.Arragon and Castile, their old institutions favorable to public liberty, ii. 137.Arrian, authenticity his only merit as an historian, i. 251.Art, rise of, in Italy, i. 148.Need of skill for perfection in, 200.Art of War, Machiavelli's, i. 175.Arundel, Earl of, ii. 443.Asaph-ul-Dowlah, prince of Oude, taxed by Hastings, iii.188.Agrees to plunder the Begums,189.Method used,191.Assemblies, deliberative, ii. 273.Astronomy, comparative estimate of, by Socrates and by Bacon, ii. 459.Athenian Orators, On the, i. 40-55.Athenians, oratory unequalled, i. 45.Their taste and knowledge, 46.Method of education, 47.Athens, eloquence at, i. 51.Progress of her oratory kept pace with her decay, 52.Ostracism at, 64.Her freedom and happiness, 68.Cruelty excusable, 69.Evil of slavery, 71.Permanent effect of her intellectual power, 80.Attainder, act of, ii. 39, 40.Aubrey, charges Bacon with corruption, ii. 425.Bacon's decision against him after his present, 440.Aurungzebe, his policy, iii.680.Baber, founder of the Mogul Empire, iii.679.Bacon, Lady, mother of Francis Bacon, ii. 368.Bacon, Francis, review of Basil Montagu's new edition of his works, ii. 357-497.His father, 362-368.His mother distinguished as a linguist, 368.His early years, 371-374.His services refused by Government, 374, 375.His admission at Gray's Inn, 375.His legal attainments, 375, 376.Sat in Parliament in 1593, 377.Part he took in politics, 378.His friendship with the Earl of Essex, 382-389.Examination of his conduct to Essex, 390-397.Influence of King James on his fortunes, 399.His servility to Lord Southampton, 400.Influence his talents had with the public, 400.His distinction in Parliament and in the courts of law, 402.His literary and philosophical works, 402.His "Novum Organum," and the admiration it excited, 403.His work of reducing and recompiling the laws of England, 403.His tampering with the judges on the trial of Peacham, 404-408.Attaches himself to Buckingham, 410.His appointment as Lord Keeper, 413.His share in the vices of the administration, 414.His animosity towards Sir Edward Coke, 419.His town and country residences, 420, 421.His titles of Baron Verulam and Viscount St. Albans, 421, 422.Report against him of the Committee on the Courts of Justice, 424.Nature of the charges, 425.Overwhelming evidence to them, 426, 427.His admission of his guilt, 427.His sentence, 428.Examination of Mr. Montagu's arguments in his defence, 429-440.Mode in which he spent the last years of his life, 441, 442.His death, 443.Chief peculiarity of his philosophy, 444-455.His views compared with those of Plato, 456-465.To what his wide and durable fame is chiefly owing, 469.His frequent treatment of moral subjects, 472.His views as a theologian, 474.Vulgar notion of him as inventor of the inductive method, 475.Estimate of his analysis of that method, 475-484.Union of audacity and sobriety in his temper, 484.His amplitude of comprehension, 485.His freedom from the spirit of controversy, 487.His eloquence, wit, and similitudes, 487, 488.His disciplined imagination, 490.His boldness and originality, 491.Unusual order in the development of his faculties, 492.Specimens of his two styles, 493.Value of his Essays, 494.His greatest performance the first book of the Novum Organum, 495.Contemplation of his life, 496, 497.Bacon, Sir Nicholas, ii. 362-368.Character of the class of statesmen to which he belonged, 363.Classical acquirements of his wife, 368.Baconian philosophy, its chief peculiarity, ii. 444.Its essential spirit, 448.Its method and object, 455, 456.Comparative views of Bacon and Plato, 456-465.Its beneficent spirit, 462, 465, 468, 469.Its value compared with ancient philosophy, 465-478.Banim, Mr., defends James II. as a supporter of toleration, ii. 330.Barcelona, captured by Peterborough, ii. 161-164.Barère, Bertrand, Mémoires de, reviewed, iii.487-590.Approached nearest to the idea of universal depravity,489.His natural disposition,490.Greatest liar known,493.His false account of Marie Antoinette's death,494.Of the proceedings against the Girondists,497.Birth and education,499.Marriage,500.First visit to Paris,501.Elected to the States General,502.Position there,503.Becomes a justice,507.Chosen to the second convention,510.At first a Girondist,515.Accused of royalist sympathies,518.A federalist,520.Opposes the Jacobins,521.On the Committee of Public Safety,522.Supports the Girondists against the Paris authorities,523.Feeling of parties toward,526.Goes over to the Jacobins and accuses the prominent Girondists,527.Raves against Marie Antoinette,528.Style of oratory,529.His bloodthirsty ferocity,539.Sensual excesses,541.His delight in murder,543.Urges war without quarter,546.Admitted to the Jacobin club,547.Urges the strengthening of the Revolutionary Tribunal,553.Deserts Robespierre,554.Attacked in the convention,559.Arrested,561.Enmity shown him on his way to the prison at Oléron,563.Escapes,564.The Council of Five Hundred refuses to seat him,565.Scorned but employed by Bonaparte,568.Perhaps employed as a censor,571.His rôle of spy,573.Reports on public opinion,575.His newspaper,576.His reports refused a reading,579.His double treason,580.Becomes a royalist in 1814,580.Exiled,582.Turns Jacobin under Louis Philippe,583.His ignorance and hatred of the English,587.His professions of Christianity,589.Barillon, M., French ambassador, his opinion of the council proposed by Sir William Temple, ii. 556, 564.Barwell, Mr., made councillor in India, iii.144.Supports Hastings,148.Baxter, Richard, his testimony to the excellence of Hampden, ii. 4.Beatrice, Dante's devotion to, i. 11.Beaumarchais, his suit before the Parliament of Paris, ii. 440, 441.Bedford, Duke of, head of a Whig faction, iii.600.Opposed to Pitt's war policy,613.His party compared to Rockingham's,654.Bedford, Earl of, invited by Charles I. to form an administration, ii. 40.Bellasys, General, ii. 156.Belphegor, Machiavelli's, i. 168.Benares, its wealth, iii.178,179.Relation of the English to,180.Revolution in, on the arrest of Cheyte Sing,185.Conquered and added to British dominion,187.Benevolences, Oliver St. John's opposition to, and Bacon's support of, ii. 403.Bengal, its resources, ii. 700, 701.Internal government of, iii.127-129.Competition for minister-ship,129.Character of its people,130.Hastings gains control of,134.Bentham, Jeremy, his character, i. 424.His defence of James Mill, 425.His argument over despotism, 426.Refuted, 427.His condemnation of the theory of saturation met, 430.His evasion of the power of public opinion displayed, 432.Charges the "Edinburgh Review" with evasion, 435.On Woman Suffrage, 438.On the poor plundering the rich, 439.Defence of a theory of government founded on certain propensities of human nature, 442.Refutation of the same, 445.His "greatest happiness principle," 448.His authorship of the defence of Mill denied, 458.His greatness; his literary partnership with Dumont, ii. 96-98.On the French Revolution, 294.Bentinck, Lord William, his memory cherished by the Hindoos, ii. 762.Bentivoglio, Cardinal, on the state of religion in England in the sixteenth century, ii. 84.Bentley, Richard, his quarrel with Boyle, and remarks on Temple's Essay on the Letters of Phalaris, ii. 593-595.Berwick, Duke of, checks the allies, ii. 158.His retreat before Galway, 166.Bible, the English, its excellence, i. 210.Bishops, claims of those of the Church of England to apostolical succession, ii. 246.Black Hole of Calcutta, described, ii. 704.Retribution of the English for its horrors, 706, 710, 712-715.Blackstone, Sir William, ii. 356.Bodley, Sir Thomas, ii. 403, 443.Boileau, Nicolas, introduced to Addison, iii.413.His contempt for modern Latin poetry,414.Bolingbroke, Lord, proposes to strengthen the royal prerogative, ii. 211.His method of reform, iii.610.Bonaparte, Napoleon, becomes first consol, iii.566.His scorn of Barère,568.Employs Barère as a writer and a spy,569.His opinion of Barère as a writer,577.Refuses to accept his reports,579.Book of the Church, Southey's, i. 500.Borgia, Cæsar, his triumph and failure, i. 170.Boroughs, rotten, abolition of, ii. 220.Boswell, James, his life of Johnson, ii. 691.His work expurgated by Croker, 707.And interpolated with extracts from other authors, 708.His mean character, 711.Lack of talent, 714.Not ill-natured, 716.Bourbon, House of, its vicissitudes in Spain, ii. 148-175.Boyle, Charles, nominal editor of the Letters of Phalaris, ii. 236, 237."Boys," the, oppose Sir R. Walpole, ii. 216, 252.Brahmin, fable of a pious, i. 546.Breda, treaty of, ii. 527.Brihuega, siege of, ii. 174."Broad Bottom Administration, The," ii. 255.Brown's Estimate, ii. 266.Brussels, seat of a viceregal court, ii. 526.Buchanan, character of his writings, ii. 455.Buckingham, Duke of, the "Steenie" of James I., ii. 14.Bacon's early discernment of his influence, 410.His expedition to Spain, 411.His return for Bacon's patronage, 412.His corruption, 415.His character and position, 415, 420.His marriage, 423, 424.His visit to Bacon, and report of his condition, 426.Budgell, Eustace, a relation of Addison, iii.458.Bunyan, John, Southey's life reviewed, i. 743-758.His Pilgrim's Progress, 745-749.An excitable man in an age of excitement, 751.Not vicious, 752.His internal conflicts, 753.Style delightful. 757.Burgoyne, General, chairman of the committee of inquiry on Lord Clive, ii. 756.Burgundy, Louis, Duke of, ii. 116, 117.Burke, Edmund, his imagination and sensibility, i. 497.His opinion on the war with Spain, ii. 252.Development of his mental powers, 492.Effect of his speeches on the House of Commons, 601.Investigates Indian affairs, iii.194.His vehemence against Hastings,210.Knowledge of India,211.Begins the impeachment of Hastings,214.Chairman of the impeachment committee,221.His opening speech at the trial,227.Attempts to force him to relinquish the prosecution,231.Burleigh, William Cecil, Lord, review of Rev. Dr. Nares's memoirs of, ii. 63-94.His early life and character, 65-70.His death, 70.Importance of the times in which he lived, 71.The great stain on his character, 89.His conduct towards Bacon, 374-376, 383.His apology for having resorted to torture, 407.Bacon's letter to him upon the department of knowledge he had chosen, 486.Burnet, Bishop, on Sir William Temple, ii. 597.Burney, Dr. Charles, parentage, iii.334.Society in his home,337.Urges his daughter to accept the Queen's offer,361.Consents at last to her retirement,374.Burney, Fanny.SeeD'Arblay, Madame.Bussy, his conduct in India, ii. 695.Bute, Earl of, influence over George III., iii.606.Character,607.His kind of Toryism,608.Brought into the government,611.Becomes Secretary of State,618.Error of dismissing Newcastle,621.Detested on several grounds,626.Resigns,635.His career,636.Byng, Admiral, was he a martyr to political party? i. 696.His failure at Minorca, ii. 266.His trial, 269.Opinion of his conduct, 269.Chatham's defence of, 270.Byron, Lord, Moore's Life of, i. 569.His character and surroundings unfortunate, 571.Petted and persecuted, 572.Condemned unheard, 575.His excesses in Italy, 577.Goes to Greece and dies, 579.Lot cast in a literary revolution, 580.Largely contributed to the emancipation of literature, though naturally a reactionary, 594.A creature of his age, 596.The reverse of a great dramatist, 597.Lacked diversity in characterization, 600.Tendency to soliloquy, 600.Lack of dramatic effect, 601.Excelled in description, 602.His morbidness, 603.Influence largely due to his egotism, 605.His popularity among young readers, 605.Byron, Lady, quarrel with her husband, i. 573.Cabal, the, its designs, ii. 538, 544, 548, 549.Cadiz, exploit of Essex at the siege of, ii. 156, 385.Pillaged by the British, 157.Cæsar, Claudius, resemblance of James I. to, ii. 12.Cæsars, the, parallel between them and the Tudors, not applicable, ii. 81.Cæsar's Commentaries, i. 259.Calcutta, its position on the Hoogley, ii. 702.Scene of the Black Hole of, 704.Resentment of the English at its fall, 766.Again threatened by Surajah Dowlah, 709.Revival of its prosperity, 720.Its sufferings during the famine, 750.Cambridge, University of, superior to Oxford in intellectual activity, ii. 364.Disturbed by the Civil War. 510.Cambyses, punishes a corrupt judge, ii. 434.Campaign, The, Addison's, iii.426-430.Canada, subjugated by the British, ii. 277.Cape Breton, reduction of, ii. 276.Carlisle, Lady, warns Pym, ii. 46.Carnatic, the, resources of, ii. 685.Carnot, Hippolyte, editor of Barère's Memoirs, iii.487.Blamable for misstatements in the Memoirs,494.Finds two virtues in Barère,586.Carteret, Lord (afterwards Earl Granville), his ascendency after the fall of Walpole, ii. 223.Sir Horace Walpole's stories about him, 226.His defection from Sir Robert Walpole, 239.Succeeds Walpole, 254.Created Earl Granville, 255.Carthagena, surrender of the arsenal and ships of, to the Allies, ii. 167.Cary, Rev. Henry Francis, translator of Dante, i. 12. 22.Casti, his Animali Parlanti characterized, i. 6.Castile, Admiral of, ii. 157.Castile and Arragon, their old institutions favorable to public liberty, ii. 137.Castilians, their character in the sixteenth century, ii. 133.Their conduct in the War of the Succession, 168.Castracani, Castruccio, Machiavelli's life of, i. 183.Catholics, persecution of, under Elizabeth, unjustifiable, i. 291.Not necessarily opposed to her, 293.Southey's hostility towards, 530.Former treatment of, compared with present condition of Jews, 651.Their earnestness against Protestantism, iii.27.See alsoRome, Church of.Catiline, his plot unwarrantably condemned, i. 260.Cato. Addison's, iii.457.Cavendish, Lord, in the new council of Sir William Temple, ii. 567.Retires, 581.Cecil, Robert, rival of Francis Bacon, ii. 374, 375, 383.Fear and envy of Essex, 380.Increase of his dislike for Bacon, 382.Conversation with Essex, 383.His interference to obtain knighthood for Bacon, 399.Cecilia, Fanny Burney's, iii.355.Change of style apparent in,388.Censorship, ii. 351.Cervantes, i. 193; ii. 134, 359.Chalmers, Dr., his defence of the Church, ii. 605.Champion, Colonel, sent to help Sujah Dowlah against the Rohillas, iii.141.Chandernagore, French settlement on the Hoogley, ii. 701.Captured by the English, 709, 710.Charles, Archduke, his claim to the Spanish crown, ii. 140.Takes the field in support of it, 158.Accompanies Peterborough in his expedition, 161.His success in the northeast of Spain, 165.Is proclaimed king at Madrid, 167.His reverses and retreat, 170.His reëntry into Madrid, 173.Concludes a peace, 177.Forms an alliance with Philip of Spain, 183.Charles I., justification of the Great Rebellion against, i. 112et seq.Charges against him upheld, 117.His execution an error, 122, 341.His conduct toward Strafford, 315.His early mistakes, 317.Attempts to seize the five members, 318.His deceit toward the Commons, 320.Uses force unsuccessfully, 321.Loses the loyalty of his people, 322.Attempted absolute monarchy, 327.Clings to the control of the army, 333.Falls into the hands of the army, 340.Inconsistent attitude toward the Established Church, 344.Hampden's opposition to him and its consequences, ii. 16, 27-20.Resistance of the Scots to him, 30.His increasing difficulties, 35.His conduct, towards the House of Commons, 44-49.His flight, 50.Review of his conduct and treatment, 51-55.Reaction in his favor during the Long Parliament, 326.Cause of his political blunders, 422.Effect of the victory over him on the national character, 503, 504.Charles II., his unfitness for the English throne, i. 211.Disgrace of his reign, 353.Licentiousness of his court, 358.Pecuniary transactions in a measure excusable, 363.Lack of national feeling under, 365.His situation in 1660 contrasted with that of Louis XVIII., ii. 310, 311.His character, 317-319, 524, 538, 568.His position towards the king of France, 322.Consequences of his levity and apathy, 325.His court compared with that of his father, 523.His extravagance, 526.His subserviency to France, 530, 535, 536.His renunciation of the dispensing power, 547.His relations with Temple, 548-553, 583.His system of bribery of the Commons, 559.His dislike of Halifax, 576.His dismissal of Temple, 586.Charles II. of Spain, unhappy condition of, ii. 139, 144-148.His difficulties in respect to the succession, 139-143.Charles VIII. of France, ii. 487.Charles XII. of Sweden, compared to Clive, ii. 760.Chatham, William Pitt, Earl of, character of his public life, ii. 234, 235.His early life and travels, 236.Enters the army, 237.Obtains a seat in Parliament, 237.Attaches himself to the Whigs in Opposition, 243.His qualities as an orator, 246-250.Is made Groom of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales, 251.Declaims against the ministers, 253.His opposition to Carteret, 254.Legacy left him by the Duchess of Marlborough, 254.Supports the Pelham ministry, 255.Appointed Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, 256.Averse to subsidizing foreign powers, 264.Overtures made to him by Newcastle, 264, 267.Made Secretary of State, 268.Defends Admiral Byng, 270.Coalesces with the Duke of Newcastle, 273.Success of his administration, 275-281.His appreciation of Clive, 728, 753.Breach between him and the great Whig connection, 752.Review of his correspondence, iii.591-687.Forms a coalition with Newcastle,596.His war policy attacked,612.Resigns,616.Rewarded for his services,617.Speech against the French treaty,633.Invited to succeed Grenville,640.His legacy from Pynsent,645.Refuses to take the ministry without Grenville,650.Supports the repeal of the Stamp Act,658.His position toward Rockingham's ministry,664.Attempts to form a ministry,668.Loss of popularity on accepting a peerage,670.Errors in policy,672.Taken ill,674.His recovery,677.His relations with Rockingham and Grenville,680.Attitude on the American Revolution,683.Final speech in the House of Lords,684.Death,685.Public funeral,686.Cherbourg, guns taken from, ii. 276.Cheyte Sing, Prince of Benares, iii.179.Hastings demands money from,183.Arrested,184.Chillingworth, William, on apostolical succession, ii. 650.Chinsurah, Dutch settlement on the Hoogley, ii. 701.Its siege by the English and capitulation, 727.Christchurch, Oxford, its repute after the Revolution, ii. 592.Issues a new edition of the Letters of Phalaris, 592, 593.Chunar, treaty of, iii.189.Church of England, moderation and loyalty, i. 303.Its sophisms at the time of the Revolution, 368.Mr. Gladstone's work in defence of it, ii. 600.His arguments for its being the pure Catholic Church of Christ, 641.Its claims to apostolical succession discussed, 645-655.Views respecting its alliance with the state, 659-668.Its rejection of enthusiasts, iii.31.Churchill, John, Duke of Marlborough, his rise the result of conditions, i. 360.His infamous treason, 369.Converted to Whiggism, ii. 176.Addison's mention of, in The Campaign, iii.429.Cicero, partiality of Dr. Middleton towards, ii. 360.The most eloquent and skilful of advocates, 361.His epistles in his banishment, 379.His opinion of the study of rhetoric, 477.Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, defects in his History, i. 277.Too good for his age, 361.His virtues and faults, 362.His testimony in regard to Hampden, ii. 5, 6, 19, 21, 26-28, 37, 41, 56, 59, 61.His literary merit, 358.His position at the head of affairs, 522-530.His faulty style, 541.His opposition to the growing power of the Commons, 561.His temper, 562.Classical literature, indiscriminate praise of, i. 44.Should be justly estimated, 45.Clavering, General, made Councillor for India, iii.144.Opposes Hastings,148.Dies,163.Clement VII., Pope, i. 184.Clifford, Lord, his character, ii. 538, 539.His retirement, 545.His talent for debate, 561.Clive, Lord, review of Sir John Malcolm's Life of, ii. 670-762.His family and boyhood, 672, 673.His shipment to India, 673.His arrival at Madras, and position there, 675.Obtains an ensign's commission in the Company's service, 678.His attack, capture, and defence of Arcot, 688-692.His subsequent proceedings, 693-696.His marriage and return to England, 696.His reception, 697.Elected to Parliament, 698.Returns to India, 700.His subsequent proceedings, 700, 706-708.His conduct towards Omichund, 709-719.His transactions with Meer Jaffier, 711-713, 715, 716, 723.His pecuniary acquisitions, 720.Appointed Governor of the Company's possessions in Bengal, 723.His dispersion of Shah Alum's army, 725.Responsibility of his position, 727.His return to England, 728.His reception, 728.His proceedings at the India House, 731, 732, 736.Nominated Governor of the British possessions in Bengal, 736.His arrival at Calcutta, 737.Suppresses a conspiracy, 741, 742.Success of his foreign policy, 742.His return to England, 745.His unpopularity and its causes, 745-750.His speech in his defence, and its consequence, 753, 757.Invested with the Grand Cross of the Bath, 756.His life in retirement, 758.Failing of his mind, and death by his own hand, 758-760.Reflections on his career, 760.Notices Warren Hastings, iii.120.Clodius, bribery at the trial of, ii. 432.Cobham, Lord, his malignity toward Essex, ii. 397.Coke, Sir E., his conduct towards Bacon, ii. 376, 418.His opposition to Bacon in Peacham's case, 404, 405.His experience in conducting state prosecutions, 406.His removal from the Bench, 418.His reconciliation with Buckingham, and agreement to marry his daughter to Buckingham's brother, 419.His reconciliation with Bacon, 420.His behavior to Bacon at his trial, 437.Coleridge, S. T., Byron's attitude towards, i. 594.Collier, Jeremy, character, iii.85.Outlawed for absolving traitors,87.Attacks the immorality of the stage,88.Replies to Congreve,93.Colloquies on Society, Southey's, reviewed, i. 496-545.Plan of, 505.Absurdity of, 507.Comic Dramatists of the Restoration, Leigh Hunt's, iii.47-100.Comines, Philip de, testimony to the good government of England, ii. 7.Commons, House of, commencement of the practice of buying of votes in, ii. 209.Corruption in, not necessary to the Tudors, 209.Increase of its influence after the Revolution, 210.How kept in order, 211.Increased in power by the Revolution, 348.Comus, modelled on the Italian Masque, i. 97.Condé, Marshal, compared with Clive, ii. 761.Conflans, Admiral, defeated by Hawke, ii. 277.Congreve, William, birth and education, iii.80.His literary work,81-84.Attempts to answer Jeremy Collier,91.Produces The Way of the World,94.Political impartiality,95.Place among literary men,96.Friendship with the Duchess of Marlborough,98.Death,99.Compared to Wycherley,100.Constitutional government, in England and on the Continent, i. 323.Conversion of, into despotism, on the Continent, 326.Dangers to, in England, 327.Cooke, Sir Anthony, his learning, ii. 368.Coote, Sir Eyre, sent to India, iii.166.His military reputation,167.Correctness, as a canon in art, i. 581.Folly of, 587.Council of York, abolished, ii. 38.Country Wife, Wycherley's, iii.70,77.Courtenay, Rt. Hon. T. P., review of his Memoirs of Sir William Temple, ii. 498-599.His concessions to Dr. Lingard in regard to the Triple Alliance, 533.His opinion of Temple's proposed council, 554, 556.His error as to Temple's residence, 585 note.Covenant, the Scotch, ii. 30.Covenanters, the Scotch, their treaty with Charles I., ii. 30, 31.Cowley, Abraham, his wit, ii. 204.Admired Bacon, 495.Cowper, William, forerunner of literary revival in England, i. 591.Schoolmate of Warren Hastings, iii.117.Coxe, Archdeacon, eulogizes Sir R. Walpole, ii. 214.Craggs, Secretary, ii. 238, 261.Cranmer, Archbishop, his time-serving character, i. 299.Crébillon, the younger, ii. 198.Crisp, Samuel, iii.340.His dramatic aspirations,343.Failure and retirement,345.Criticism, cannot exist in perfection with the creative faculty, i. 190.Effect on critical poetry, 202.Croker, John Wilson, his edition of Boswell's Johnson reviewed, i. 691-742.Misstatements in the notes, 691.Classical errors, 700.Want of perspicacity, 704.Triviality of his comments, 705.His style, 706.Omissions, 707.Additions, 708.Cromwell, Henry, ii. 512.Cromwell, Oliver, wisdom of his government, i. 124.His great opportunity, 345.Compared with Napoleon, 347.His service to justice, 348.His army, 348.His administration, 349.His foreign policy, 351.Weakness of his son, 352.Compared with Charles II., 353.His qualities, ii. 29, 61.His administration, 313, 319.His abilities displayed in Ireland, 519-521.Crown, the, ii. 75.Curtailment of its prerogatives, 210, 211.Its power predominant at the beginning of the 17th century, 557.Decline of its power during the Pensionary Parliament, 560.Its long contest with the Parliament put an end to by the Revolution, 566.SeePrerogative.Culpeper, Mr., a leader of the Constitutional Royalists, ii. 43.Cumberland, Duke of, single victory of, ii. 729.Hated by Scots, iii.628.Opposes the French treaty,630.His character,649.Tries to induce Pitt to succeed Grenville,650.Advises a Whig ministry without Pitt,653.Death,656.D'Adda, quoted, ii. 333.Danby, Earl of, ii. 210.His connection with Sir William Temple, 547.Unjust charges against, 551.Impeached and sent to the Tower, 553.Owed his dukedom to his talent in debate, 561.Dante, criticism on, i. 1.His first adventure in the popular tongue, 2.Influences of the times in which he lived upon his works, 3, 4.His love of Beatrice, 11.His despair of happiness on earth, 12.Close connection between his intellectual and moral character, 12.Compared with Milton, 13, 99-101.His metaphors and comparisons, 15, 16.Little impression made by the forms of the external world upon him, 16, 19.Fascination revolting and nauseous images had for his mind, 18.His use of ancient mythology in his poems, 19.His idolatry of Virgil, 20.Excellence of his style, 20, 21.Remarks upon the translations of the Divine Comedy, 21, 22.His use of the supernatural, 105.His character as expressed in his poetry, 107.His veneration for lesser writers, 194.D'Arblay, M., a French refugee, marries Fanny Burney, iii.378.D'Arblay, Madame, Diary and Letters reviewed, iii.331-395.Family,333.Education,335.Shyness,339.Writes Evelina,347.Its success,349.Johnson's affection for,351.Writes a poor play,353.Publishes Cecilia,354.Loss of friends,355.Meets the king,357.Invited to be a keeper of the Queen's robes,358.Drawbacks to the position,359.Accepts it,361.Slavery of the service,362.Visits Oxford,364.Attends the trial of Warren Hastings,366.Her prejudice against his accusers,367.Feeling on the king's illness,369.Respect for the queen,371.Leaves the court on account of ill-health,375.Recovers,377.Marries,378.Lives in Paris,379.Her character-drawing,385.Her style,387.Quotations to illustrate the changes in her style,390-392.Her real service to English literature,394.D'Argens, Marquess, iii.280.Daun, an Austrian general, defeats Frederic the Great at Kolin, iii.306.At Hochkirchen,319.Driven from before Dresden,320.Defeated at Buckersdorf,327.David, M., editor of Barère's Mémoires, iii.487.Davila, one of Hampden's favorite authors, ii. 22.De Augmentis Scientiarum, Bacon's, ii. 402, 443.Declaration of Right, ii. 341.Defensio Populi, i. 85.Delhi, splendor of, ii. 679.Democracy, the ideal government, i. 62.Requires an educated constituency, 63.Reaction induced by the violence of its advocates, ii. 72.Democritus, reputed inventor of the arch, ii. 365.Bacon's estimate of, 448.Demosthenes, transcribes Thucydides six times, i. 47.Falsely described by Mitford, 73.Denham, Sir John, satire on Hampden, ii. 58.Despotism, Mill's condemnation of, i. 388.The Westminster Reviewer's defence of Mill's position on, 426.Devonshire, Duke of, forms an administration after the resignation of Newcastle, ii. 268.Lord Chamberlain under Bute, iii.623.Opposes the treaty with France,630.Dionysius, his critical ability, i. 41.Confines himself strictly to things Grecian, 267.Diplomacy, requirements of, in the Italian service, i. 169.Discourses on Livy, Machiavelli's, i. 176.Dissenters, exclusion of, from civil offices, ii. 624.Divine Comedy, Dante's, its reality, i. 12.Translations of, 21, 22.Literalness of the descriptions, 99.Comparable to Gulliver's Travels, 101.Character of the spirits in, 105.Division of labor, necessity of, ii. 606.Donne, John, his wit compared with Horace Walpole's, ii. 204.Dorset, Lord, his poetical ability, i. 212.Double Dealer, Congreve's, iii.82.Dover, Lord, review of his edition of Horace Walpole's Letters to Sir Horace Mann, ii. 181-231.Drama, real object of, i. 163.Delightful character of the old English, 207.Unnaturalness of the French, 207.Affected by the closing of the theatres, 209.Rhyme introduced into, 212.Folly of the preservation of the unities, 583.Immorality of the English, at the Restoration, iii.48."Drunken Administration, The," ii. 225.Dryden, John, essay on, i. 187-234.His rank among poets, 187.Affected by circumstances, 187.Greatest of the critical poets, 214.His Annus Mirabilis, 215.His plays, 217.Unnaturalness of his characters, 220.Tendency to rant, 222.The improvement of his work in later life, 225.Founds the critical school of poetry, 227.His power of reasoning in verse, 228.His use of the flattery of dedication, 229.His characteristics, 230.Satirical works, 231.A connecting link between two literary periods, 597.Admits the justice of Jeremy Collier's attack, iii.91.Dumont, M., review of his Souvenirs sur Mirabeau, ii. 95-127.Services rendered by him to society, 96.The interpreter of Bentham, 96-98.His view of the French Revolution, 98-103, 294.His opinion that Burke's work on the Revolution had saved Europe, 101, 294.His efforts to instruct the French in political knowledge, 103.His pen-portrait of Mirabeau, 125.His revelation of his own character, 127.Dundas, Henry, investigates Indian affairs, iii.194.Sides with Hastings,208.Defends him on the first charge,215.Follows Pitt on the second,219.Dupleix, governor of Pondicherry, his gigantic schemes for establishing French influence in India, ii. 677, 683, 685, 693, 695, 700.His death, 700, 758.East India Company, the, its absolute authority in India, ii. 277.Its condition when Clive first went to India, 674, 675.Its war with the French East India Company, 677.Increase of its power, 693.Its factories in Bengal, 702.Fortunes made by its servants in Bengal, 733, 734.Ecclesiastical Commission, the, of Queen Elizabeth's time, ii. 76.Ecclesiastics, fondness of the old dramatists for the character of, ii. 88.Education, in England in the 16th century, ii. 373.Duty of the government in promoting it, 661.Egerton, brings charge of corruption against Bacon, ii. 425.Bacon's decision against him, after receiving his present, 440.Egotism in conversation and literature considered, i. 23, 24.Elephants, use of, in war in India, ii. 691.Eliot, Sir John, ii. 18-20.His Treatise on Government, 21.A martyr to liberty, 22.Elizabeth, Queen, her unjustifiable persecution of non-conformists, i. 291.Her use of the church to increase her power, 303.Condition of the working classes in her reign, 534.Her rapid advancement of Cecil, ii. 69, 70.Character of her government, 76, 77, 80, 90.A persecutor, though herself indifferent, 89, 90.Her early notice of Lord Bacon, 372.Her favor toward Essex, 379.Factions at the close of her reign, 380, 381, 398.Her pride and temper, 387, 398.Her death, 398.Elphinstone, Lord, ii. 761.England, under Elizabeth, i. 291.Reformation in, a political move, 297.Under Henry VIII., 302.In 1640, 306.Under Charles I., 317.Change of feeling in, after the attempt on the Five Members, 319.Representative government in, preserved, 327.Disgraceful condition of, under Charles II., 354.Decay of statesmanship, 355.Corruption of the bar, 360.National feeling displaced by party loyalty, 364.Fortunate that the Revolution was effected by men of small calibre, 367.Perfidy of William III.'s statesmen, 368.Review of constitutional history of, from Henry VII., 371.Condition of the common people in, at various periods, 534.Prophecy of its future prosperity, 543.Her periodic fits of morality, 573.Theories deduced from her population, 617et seq.Fecundity of the nobility, 632.Disability of Jews in, 646.Her physical and moral condition in the 15th century, ii. 7.Never so rich and powerful as since the loss of her American colonies, 135.Her conduct in reference to the Spanish succession, 152, 153.Successive steps of her progress, 307-310.Influence of her Revolution on the human race, 309, 344.Her situation at the Restoration compared with that of France at the restoration of the Bourbons, 311, 312.Her situation in 1678, 317, 319-327.Character of her public men in the latter part of the 17th century, 507.Difference in her situation under Charles II. and under the Protectorate, 525.Restoration immorality the reaction from Puritanism, iii.58.Diminished prestige of, in 1785,195.Upholds Prussia against all Europe,302.Subsidies paid,318.Withdraws her aid from Prussia,326.State of parties in,592.Factions sink into repose,595.Corruption in the House of Commons,609.Terminates her continental alliances,623.War with America,682.England, Constitution of, how preserved, i. 322et seq.Development of, from Henry VII.'s reign, 371.Recent attacks on, 375.Proposed reform of, 380.A standing refutation of James Mill's reasoning, 399.English, the, in the 16th century, a free people, ii. 78.Their character, 319, 320.English Common Law, not suited to India, iii.168.Epicureans, their peculiar doctrines, ii. 452.Epicurus, the lines on his pedestal, ii. 452.Erasmus, quoted, ii. 286.Ercilla, Alonzo de, soldier as well as poet, ii. 133.Essay on Government, James Mill's, review of, i. 381-422.Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, ii. 93.His character, popularity, and favor with Elizabeth, 379, 380, 382, 389.His political conduct, 382.His friendship for Bacon, 383, 385, 412.His conversation with Robert Cecil, 382, 383.His expedition to Spain, 384.Pleads for Bacon's marriage with Lady Hatton, 385.Decline of his fortunes, 385.His faults, 387, 410, 411.His administration in Ireland, 386.Ingratitude of Bacon towards him, 386-396, 412.His trial and execution, 388, 389.Feeling of King James towards him, 399.His resemblance to Buckingham, 410, 411.Essex, Earl of (time of Charles I.), ii. 56-59.Euripides, how regarded by Quintilian, i. 42.Europe, state of, at the Peace of Utrecht, ii. 182.Want of union in, to arrest the designs of Louis XIV., 528.The distractions of, suspended by the Treaty of Nimeguen, 550.Evelina, Fanny Burney's, iii.347.Johnson's admiration for,351.Evelyn, John, ii. 524, 539.Ex post factopunishments considered, i. 312.Falkland, Lucius Cary, Viscount, deceived by Charles, i. 320.A friend of liberty, 329.At the head of the Constitutional Royalists, ii. 43.Family Compact, the, between France and Spain, ii. 183.Fénelon, standard of morality in his Telemachus, ii. 115-117.The book not immoral, iii.54.Ferdinand VII., resemblance between him and Charles I. of England, ii. 55.Feudal nobles, unimportant in Italy, i. 146.Fielding, Henry, his description of Partridge at the play, quoted, i. 196.Finch, Lord Keeper, a humble tool of Charles I., ii. 26.His impeachment and flight to Holland, 37.Fine arts, the, their decline in England after the civil war, ii. 199.Government should promote them, 660.Florence, its commercial preëminence, i. 148.Its superiority of learning, 151.Military reform in, 173.Return of the Medici to, 174.Machiavelli's History of, 184.Last struggle for liberty of, 185.Foote, Charles, his stage character of an Anglo-Indian grandee, ii. 747Forde, Colonel, ii. 724, 727.Fox, Henry (afterwards Lord Holland), his personality, ii. 258.Accepts office, 264.Relations with Newcastle, 261-267.Directed to form an administration in concert with Chatham, 268.Early history and career, iii.104.Made paymaster by Chatham,601.Continued by Bute,623.Employed by Bute to carry the Commons,628.Methods used,631.Made a peer,637.Fox, Charles James, son of the above, his success as a debater, ii. 249.Comparison of his History of James II. with Mackintosh's History of the Revolution, 284.His style, 285, 286.Characteristic of his oratory, 287.Championship of arbitrary measures and defiance of public opinion, iii.106.Change in his attitude after his father's death,107.Brings forward the Benares charge against Hastings,216.Speaks on the course of proceedings,228.France, from Louis XIV. to the Revolution, ii. 118-122.Condition in 1712 and 1832, 180.At the restoration of Louis XVIII., 311.Austerity in, under Louis XIV., produces the immorality of the regency, iii.59.Turns to Prussia for help against England,267.Drawn into the combination against Frederic the Great,295.Makes peace,328.Assemblies in, in 1791,505.Constitution of 1791 fails,503.Cause of its failure,509.Convention of 1792,510.Justice of the abolition of the monarchy,511.Execution of the king,516.Reign of Terror in,533.End of the Terror,559.Under Constitution of 1795,565.Under the Consulate,568.Return of the Bourbons to,581.Effect of the Terror upon,584.Francis, Philip, made Councillor for India, iii.144.Probably wrote the Junius letters,145.Opposes Hastings,148.Accepts Nuncomar's testimony against him,150.Partially reconciled to Hastings,168.Objects to the arrangement with Impey,173.Challenges and is wounded by Hastings,174.Returns to England,178.Attacks Hastings in the House of Commons,209.Proposed as a manager of Hastings's impeachment,221.Franks, rapid decline of the, after the death of Charlemagne, ii. 680.Frederic the Great, essay on, iii.243-330.Birth,247.Treatment by his father,248.Tastes,250.Acquaintance with Voltaire,254.Character as a king,256.Decides to seize Silesia,259.Invades it,261.Conduct at Molwitz,263.Makes peace with Austria,267.Joins France against England and Austria,268.His attention to the details of administration,271.Aggrandizement of the army,273.Parsimony,274.Liberality and justice,275.Commercial policy,277.His associates,279.His spite,281.Invites Voltaire to Berlin,286.Quarrels with him,290.European combination against,294.Personal dislike of, among sovereigns,298.His great danger,299.Alliance with England,302.Invades Saxony,304.And Bohemia,305.Driven back at Kolin,307.Extreme distress of,308.Further communication with Voltaire,309.Wins the battle of Rosbach,313.Of Leuthen,314.Tendency of Rosbach to unify Germany behind him,316.Worsts the Russians at Zorndorf,318.Attacked by the Pope,322.Beaten at Kunersdorf,323.Conquers at Lignitz and Torgau,325.Political changes to his advantage,326.Obtains peace,328.Frederic the Second, the Emperor, his qualities, i. 7.Frederic William, Great Elector of Brandenburg, iii.244.Frederic William of Prussia, iii.245.Military establishment,246.Conduct to his children,247.Dies,255.Froissart quoted, ii. 7.Fuller, on Lord Burleigh, ii. 66, 67.Galway, Earl of, commander of the allies in Spain, ii. 158, 166, 171.Defeated at Almanza, 172.Ganges, the chief highway of Eastern commerce, ii. 700, 701.Gentleman Dancing-Master, Wycherley's, iii.69.George I., transformation of English parties under, iii.593.His position at the beginning of his reign,602,603.George II., his resentment against Chatham, ii. 255.Compelled to accept him, 256.His efforts for the protection of Hanover, 263, 264.His relations with his ministers, 273-275.Mixture of parties under, iii.595.Growth in popularity toward the close of his reign,603.George III., partial to Clive, ii. 756.Sentiment of loyalty toward, at his accession, iii.604.Education,606.His speech not agreeable to the ministry,611.Dream of freedom on the accession of Bute,622.Determines never to submit to the Whigs,633.Harassed by Grenville, turns to Pitt,640.Resentment toward Grenville over the Regency Bill,648.Sends Cumberland to Pitt,649.Lectured by Grenville and Bedford,652.Makes Rockingham First Lord of the Treasury,655.Supported by the politicians called the king's friends,660.Tries to win Pitt over,666.Gibbon, Edward, why accused of being a Mohammedan, i. 697 and note.A successful historian, ii. 284.Gibraltar, capture of, by Sir George Rooke, ii. 158.Giffard, Lady, sister of Sir William Temple, ii. 528, 529, 586, 597.Gifford, Mr., the poet, admired by Byron, ii. 594.Girondists, eminent men among, iii.512.Refuse to sanction any excesses,514.Oppose equivocally the king's execution,515.Accused of federalism,519.Their leaders condemned by Barère,527.Their trial,531.Executed,532.Gladstone, W. E., his book The State in its Relations with the Church, reviewed, ii. 600-669.Quality of his mind, 603.His grounds for the defence of the church, 605.His doctrine that the duties of government are paternal, 609.Specimen of his arguments, 610-613.His argument that the profession of a national religion is imperative, 611, 613, 617.The consequence of his reasoning, 620-628.Shrinks from the suggestion of persecution, 624.Fails to meet the consequences of his theory, 635.Considers difference of opinion unnatural, 641.Claims that the succession of the Anglican church was not broken in the Reformation, 645.Believes in unity in doctrine, 296.Gleig, Rev. G. R., his Life of Warren Hastings reviewed, iii.114.Glover's Leonidas, compared with Fénelon's Telemachus, ii. 116.Godfrey, Sir E., ii. 323.Godolphin, Lord, becomes a Whig, ii. 176.Comes into power with Anne, iii.423.Induces Addison to commemorate Blenheim,426.Dismissed,449.Goëzman, bribed by Beaumarchais, ii. 440, 441.Goldsmith, Oliver, character, i. 713.Pleasantry about Johnson, 740.Goordas, Nuncomar's son, iii.134.Goree, conquest of, ii. 216.Gorhambury, Bacon's country residence, ii. 421, 442.Government, must be adapted to its body politic, i. 62.Aims of, according to James Mill, 386.His reasoning against aristocratic and monarchical, 387, 388.Combinations of the simple forms of, considered, 395.Folly of Mill's conclusion, 398.Representative, 403.Its weak points, 404.Correctives for the evil tendencies of representative, 410.Influence of the middle class on, 415.Theory of, deduced from principles of human nature in only one way, 419.Must be founded on experience, 421.Absurdity of utilitarian principle of, 468.Sensible view of monarchic, 472.Of constitutional, 475.Religion as the basis of, according to Southey, 520.Grafton, Duke of, First Lord of the Treasury in Chatham's last ministry, iii.669.Condition of that ministry after Chatham's retirement,678.Granby, Marquis of, his character, ii. 728.Grand Alliance against the Bourbons, ii. 152.Grand Remonstrance, Debate on, ii. 43."Great Commoner," the designation of the elder Pitt, ii. 281.Greatest Happiness Principle, i. 418.Its uselessness, 452.Restated and assailed, 483.Not demonstrated in its later form by Mr. Bentham, 487.Greece, review of Mr. Mitford's History of, i. 56-82.Errors of the historians of, 57, 58.Partly caused by their high estimation of later classic writers, 59.Military history of, 152.Progress of literature in, 204.All education oral in, 242.Absence of progress in political science in, 265.Instances of the corruption of judges in the ancient commonwealths of, ii. 431.Greek Drama, derived from the Ode, i. 95.Greeks, their attitude toward women, i. 25.SeeAthenians.Grenville, George, opposed to Pitt's war policy, iii.613.Heads Bute's ministry in the Commons,619.Supports Bute's excise bill,634.Insulted by Pitt,635.Becomes First Lord of the Treasury,637.His characteristics,638.Attacks Wilkes,639,642.Conduct toward the king,644.His Stamp Act and Regency Bill,647,648.His vehement opposition to the repeal of the former,663.Conciliation with Chatham,680.Death,681.Grey, Lady Jane, her high classical acquirements, ii. 368.Guadaloupe, fall of, ii. 276.Guicciardini, ii. 64.Guise, Henry, Duke of, his conduct compared to that of Essex, ii. 389.Gunpowder, inventor of, unknown, ii. 452.Habeas Corpus Act, Lord Shaftesbury's connection with, ii. 570, 578.Hale, Sir Matthew, integrity of, ii. 405.Halifax, Charles Montague, Earl of, his attainments, iii.409.Draws Addison into politics,411.Addison's Epistle to,421.Loses power,422.Returns to the Council,432.Halifax, George Savile, Viscount, a trimmer; compared with Shaftesbury, ii. 573.His political tracts, 575.His oratorical powers, 575, 576.The king's dislike of him, 576, 577.Hallam, Henry, his History of England dry but accurate, i. 287.His perfect fairness to all parties, 290.Just condemnation of Cranmer, 298.His view of Strafford's punishment, 312.Of the Parliament of 1640, 316.Condemns the Long Parliament, 336.His estimate of Cromwell, 347.Of Clarendon, 362.Of William III.'s reign, 809.Hamilton, Gerard, his celebrated speech, ii. 205.Hammond, Henry, uncle of Sir William Temple, ii. 509.Hampden, John, review of Lord Nugent's Memorials of, ii. 1.His public and private character, 2, 3.Baxter's testimony to his excellence, 4.His origin and early history, 4,5.Took his seat in the House of Commons in 1621, and joined the opposition to the court, 6.His first appearance as a public man, 13.His first stand for the fundamental principle of the Constitution, 16.Committed to prison, 16.Set at liberty and reëlected for Wendover, 17.His retirement, 18.His remembrance of his persecuted friends, 19.His letters to Sir John Eliot, 19.Clarendon's characterization of him as a debater, 19.Letter from him to Sir John Eliot, 20.His acquirements, 21.Death of his wife, 22.His resistance to the assessment for ship-money, 27.Strafford's hatred of him, 29.His intention to leave England, 29.His return for Buckinghamshire in the fifth Parliament of Charles I., 31.His motion on the subject of the king's message, 32.His election by two constituencies to the Long Parliament, 36.Character of his speaking, 37.His opinion on the bill for the attainder of Strafford, 40.Lord Clarendon's testimony to his moderation, 41.His mission to Scotland, 41.His conduct in the House of Commons on the passage of the Grand Remonstrance, 44.His impeachment ordered by the king, 45-49.Returns in triumph to the House, 50.Raises a regiment in Buckinghamshire, 56.Contrasted with Essex, 57, 58.His encounter with Rupert at Chalgrove, 59.His death and burial, 60.Effect on his party, 61.Hanover, Chatham's invective against the favor shown it by George II., ii. 254.Harcourt, French ambassador to Spain, ii. 144, 145.Harley, Robert, his accession to power, ii. 177.Censured by Lord Mahon, 178.Thrown into prison, 182.Hastings, Warren, essay on, iii.114-242.Birth and ancestry,115.Education,117.Beginnings in India,119.Returns to England,123.Appointed to the Council at Madras,124.Meets Baroness Imhoff,125.Effects reforms at Madras,126.Dispenses with the double government at Bengal,133.His principle "Thou shalt want ere I want,"135.His dealings with the Prince of Oude,137.Helps him conquer the Rohillas,141.His successful financial policy,143.Made Governor-General,144.Opposed by majority of the Council,148.Accused by Nuncomar,150.Supported by the English sentiment in Bengal,151.Motive in destroying Nuncomar,157.Opposition to, in England,159.Maclean presents his resignation,160.Repudiates the resignation and retains his position,161.Marries Baroness Imhoff, and is reappointed Governor-General,163.Plans to meet the Mahratta encroachments,164.Stops the legal excesses of Impey,172.Fights a duel with Francis,174.Sends Coote against Hyder Ali,178.Notes the advantage to the English of the double government in India,181.His demands on the Rajah of Benares,182.Visits Benares,184.Adds it to British dominions,187.Extorts money from the Begums of Oude,191.Condemned in England but supported by the Company,194.His extension of the Indian dominions,195.Internal administration in India reviewed,196.Ability in writing dispatches,198.His encouragement of literature,199.Loved by all classes,200.His offences,201.Returns to England,203.Insensible of his danger,205.Mistakes in his course of defence,206.Supported by the ministry,207.His opponents,209.His defence,214.Cleared on the charge relating to the Rohilla war,215.Deserted by the ministry on the charge respecting Cheyte Sing,216.Spoliation of the Begums charged by Sheridan,220.Scene at his trial,223.His counsel,225.Acquitted,233.Ruined financially,235.Aided by the East India Company,236.Later life at Daylesford,238.Tardy acknowledgment of his services,240.Death,241.Hastings, Mrs. Warren, her influence, iii.203.SeeImhoff, Baroness.Hatton, Lady, marries Sir Edward Coke, ii. 385.Hawke, Admiral, defeats French fleet under Conflans, ii. 277.Hawkins, Sir John, interpolation of extracts from, in Boswell's Johnson, condemned, i. 707-710.Henry VII., his reign the starting-point of modern English history, i. 371.Henry VIII., his interest in the Reformation, i. 302.Attempts to raise a forced loan, ii. 82.His intermediate position between the Catholic and Protestant parties, 86.Henry IV. of France, ii. 621.Heresy, remarks on, ii. 622-634.Herodotus, as an historian, his simplicity, i. 236.Inaccuracy of, 237.His work adapted to oral publication, 239.His reality, 240.Hesiod, his complaint of the corruption of the judges of Ascra, ii. 431.Hesse Darmstadt, Prince of, commands the land forces sent against Gibraltar in 1704, ii. 158.Accompanies Peterborough on his expedition. 161.His death at the capture of Monjuich, 164.High Commission, Court of, abolished, ii. 38.Highgate, death of Lord Bacon at, ii. 443.Hind and the Panther, The, i. 231.Historians, their difficulties, i. 235.The early, 236.The modern, 264.Their progress, 265.Exclusive spirit of the Grecian, 266.Dependence of the Latin on the Greek, 267.Points of superiority of modern, 272.Prejudiced, 273.Their neglect of narrative history, 276.Ideal, their characteristics, 280.Historical reading, its effect, i. 279.History, Johnson's view of, i. 243.Chiefly a matter of perspective, 245.Neglect of narrative, 276.Only value of, 277.Ideal form of, explained, 281.A compound of poetry and philosophy, 285.Difficulties of dividing them, 286.Hobbes, Thomas, influence of, ii. 421.Holland, governed with almost regal power by John de Witt, ii. 525.Its apprehensions of the designs of France, 528.Its defensive alliance with England and Sweden, 532.Holland, first Lord.SeeFox, Henry.Holland, Henry Fox, third Lord, essay on, iii.101-113.Compared to his grandfather and uncle,107.Ability in debate,109.Liberality,110.His hospitality,111.Hollis, Denzil, imprisoned by Charles I., ii. 18.Impeached, 45.Holwell, Mr., his presence of mind in the Black Hole, ii. 704.Cruelty of the Nabob to, 705.Homer, Quintilian's criticisms on, i. 42.Horace, compares poems to certain paintings, i. 49.Hosein, son of Ali, festival in memory of, ii. 690.Legend of his death, 691.Hospitals, objects of, ii. 660.Hume, David, an advocate rather than an historian, i. 273.On the violence of parties before the Revolution, ii. 350.Hungarians, their incursions into Lombardy, ii. 680.Hungary, rises to support Maria Theresa, iii.265.Hunt. Leigh, his Comic Dramatists of the Restoration reviewed, iii.47-100.Too lenient toward their immorality,51.Huntington, William, ii. 750.Hutchinson, Mrs., ii. 518.Hyder Ali, character of, iii.175.Invades India,176.Driven back by Coote,178.Imhoff, Baron, meets Hastings, iii.124.Agrees to divorce his wife,126.Imhoff, Baroness, her attachment to Warren Hastings, iii.125.Marries him,163.SeeHastings, Mrs. Warren.Impey, Sir Elijah, a schoolmate of Hastings, iii.118.Sent to India as Chief Justice,148.Sentences Nuncomar,153.His conduct reprehensible,156.Attempts to enforce the English law in India,168.Bought off by Hastings,172.His conduct in the plundering of the Begums of Oude,193.Recalled to England,194.India, foundation of the British Empire in, ii. 277, 280.Early conduct of the English in, iii.122.Their government in,127.Regulating act for,144.English law not suited to,168.Advantages to the conquerors of the double governments in,181.Induction, reasoning by, not invented by Bacon, ii. 475.Utility of its analysis greatly overrated by Bacon, 476.Example of its leading to absurdity, 479.Ireland, rebellion in, in 1640, ii. 41.Essex's administration in, 386, 387.Its condition under Cromwell's government, 519-521.Its state contrasted with that of Scotland, 639.Its union with England compared with the Persian fable of King Zohak, 640.Italian writers, criticisms on the principal, i. 1-39.Dante, 1-22.Petrarch, 23-39.Italy, her condition after the fall of Rome, i. 144.Freedom maintained during the Middle Ages, 145.Magnitude of her commerce, 147.Progress of learning in, 148.Art attains its zenith in, under Lorenzo the Magnificent, 150.Decline of martial vigor, 151.Use of mercenary soldiers in, 154.Peculiar system of fashionable morality produced in, 156.Character of her statesmen, 160.Corruption of her politics, 168.Feeling in, against the League of Cambray, 171.Effect of the Reformation in, iii.15.Italy, Narrative of Travels in, Addison's, iii.430.Jacobins, their origin, ii. 72.As a party in the French convention, urge the execution of the king, iii.516.Supported by the Paris mob,519.Condemn Marie Antoinette,528.And the Girondists,532.Begin the Reign of Terror,533.Incapacity of their leaders,537.Attack on Robespierre's faction,553.End of their power,556,563.James I., his folly and weakness, ii. 11.Resembled Claudius Cæsar, 12.Court paid to him by the English courtiers before the death of Elizabeth, 398.His twofold character, 398.His favorable reception of Bacon, 399.His anxiety for the union of England and Scotland, 402.His employment of Bacon in perverting the laws, 403.His favors and attachment to Buckingham, 410, 411.Absoluteness of his government, 417.Summons Parliament, 422.His political blunders, 422, 423.His message to the Commons on the misconduct of Bacon, 425.James II., death of, i. 151.Acknowledgment by Louis XIV. of his son as his successor, 152.The favorite of the High Church party, 328.His misgovernment, 329.His claims as a supporter of toleration, 329-332.His conduct toward Lord Rochester, 332.His union with Louis XIV., 333.His confidential advisers, 334.SeeYork, Duke of.Jardine, Mr., on the use of torture in England, ii. 408, note.Jeffreys, Judge, cruelty of, ii. 329.Jenyns, Soame, his Origin of Evil reviewed by Johnson, ii. 195.Jesuit Order, its theory and practice regarding heretics, ii. 334.Its spirit and methods, iii.20.Fall of,41.Jews, civil disabilities of, protested against, i. 641-655.Christianity of the government no barrier to removing their disabilities, 642.Political exclusion a form, not a fact, 644.Their aloofness merely a result of persecution, 646.Justice demands their fair treatment, 655.Johnson, Dr. Samuel, his view of history, i. 243.Croker's Boswell's Johnson reviewed, 691-742.Disdain of a French lady's library, 693.Observations on Gibbon, 697.Sells the Vicar of Wakefield, 698.Dates of his university degrees, 699.Epigram of, censured, 701.Greatness of Boswell's life of, 711.Our intimate knowledge of, 716.His arrival in London, 717.Small hope of patronage, 720.Early poverty and misery, 721.Last of the Grub Street hacks, 724.Kindness of, 725.Disregard of small grievances, 726.Mixture of credulity and skepticism, 727.Sentiments on religion, 728.On politics, 730.Judgments on books, 731.How formed, 732.His opinion of certain works, 733.Observation of men and manners, 734.Remarks on society narrow, 735.Contempt of foreigners, 736.Of travel and history, 738.Mannerisms, 739.His singular destiny, 742.Friend of Dr. Burney, iii.337.Fondness for Fanny Burney,351.Jones, Sir William, his distichs on a lawyer's division of time, i. 704.Jonson, Ben, on Bacon's eloquence, ii. 378.Verses on the celebration of Bacon's sixtieth year, 421.Tribute to Bacon, 442.Junius, probably Philip Francis, iii.145.Juvenal, Johnson's aspersions on, i. 700.Keith, George, Earl Marischal of Scotland, at the court of Frederic the Great, iii.279.Killed at Hochkirchen,319.Kimbolton, Lord, impeached, ii. 45.King's Friends, a party under George III., iii.659.Kniperdoling and Robespierre, analogy between their followers, ii. 72.Knowledge, advancement of society in, ii. 178, 301.Labor, division of, ii. 606.Labourdonnais, his talents, ii. 677.His treatment by the French government, 757.Lacedæmon, causes of the silent but rapid downfall of, i. 54, note.La Fontaine, his character, i. 713.Lalla Rookh, similes in, ii. 489.Lally, Governor, ii. 758.Lamb, Charles, defends the dramatists of the Restoration, iii.53.Las Torres, Count of, ii. 164, 165.Latimer, Hugh, his popularity in London, ii. 433, 438.Latin tongue in Dante's time, i. 1.Laud, Archbishop, his errors, i. 336.Not a traitor, 337.His character, ii. 23.His diary, 24.His impeachment and imprisonment, 37.His rigor against the Puritans, and tenderness towards the Catholics, 41.Laudohn, an Austrian general, beats Frederic at Hochkirchen, iii.319.At Kunersdorf,322.Defeated at Lignitz but takes Schweidnitz,325.Lawrence, Major, his early notice of Clive, ii. 678.Legerdemain, ii. 372.Legge, Right Hon. H. B., ii. 264.His dismissal, 265.His return to the Exchequer, 268.Legislation, comparative views on, by Plato and by Bacon, ii. 463.Lennox, Charlotte, ii. 518.Letters of Phalaris, ii. 592-596.Liberty, its excesses, the reaction from tyranny, i. 119.Cause of, espoused by Puritans, 132.Maintained in the Italian towns of the Middle Ages, 145.Its character in small states, 252.Lingard, Doctor, his account of the treatment of Lord Rochester by James II., ii. 332.His ability as an historian, 533.His strictures on the Triple Alliance, 533.Literature, rise of, in Italy, i. 148.General consideration of the progress of, 190et seq.What epochs favorable to masterpieces, 190.Influence of the critical faculty, 192.Effect of technical skill, 198.Rise of good imitative literature, 203.Theories of, confirmed by history, 204.Literature, English, its quibbling character during James I.'s reign, i. 205.Patronage of, 547.Superseded by a system of puffs, 549.Revival of, 591.Encouragement of, by court favor, 718.Patronage discontinued by Walpole, 719.Livy, as an historian, graceful but untruthful, i. 258.Locke, John, Sadler not comparable to, i. 657.Lollards, iii.13.London, in the 17th century, ii. 47.Devoted to the national cause, 48.Its public spirit, 77, 78.Its prosperity during the ministry of Lord Chatham, 279.Conduct of, at the Restoration, 316.Effects of the Great Plague upon, 525.Longinus, criticism of his work on the Sublime, i. 42.Louis XIV., his character and person, ii. 113-115.His conduct in respect to the Spanish succession, 140, 141, 149.His acknowledgment of James II.'s son as King of England, and its consequences, 152.Sends an army into Spain to the assistance of his grandson, 158.His proceedings in support of his grandson, Philip, 158-175.His reverses in Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, 175.His policy, 333.Character of his government, 334, 335.His military exploits, 501, 502.His projects and affected moderation, 528.His ill-humor at the Triple Alliance, 533.His conquest of Franche Comté 534.His treaty with Charles, 543.Louis XV., his government, ii. 757, 758.Louis XVIII., restoration of, compared with that of Charles II., ii. 311.Louisburg, fall of, ii. 276.Love, honorable and chivalrous, unknown to the Greeks, i. 25.As delineated by the Roman poets, 25.What the word implies in its modern sense, 26.Change in the nature of the passion in the Middle Ages, 27.Love for Love, Congreve's, iii.83.Loyola, Ignatius, his life and character, iii.18.Founds the Jesuit Order,20.Luther, Martin, opposes the ancient philosophy, ii. 454.Lysias, speech of, for the Athenian tribunals, ii. 601.Macflecnoe, Dryden's, i. 233.Machiavelli, his name generally odious, i. 140.Theories with regard to his Prince, 141.His composite character, 143.Better than his contemporaries, 163.His genius as a dramatist, 163.His dramas, 165-168.Fiction and political correspondence, 168.Dexterity as a diplomat, 169.Patriotism, 171.Efforts in behalf of military reform, 173.His Art of War, 175.The Prince and Discourses on Livy considered, 176.Errors in, excusable, 178.Compared to Montesquieu, 180.His historical works, 183.Mackintosh, Sir James, review of his History of theRevolution in England, ii. 283-356.Comparison with Fox's History of James II., 284.Character of his oratory, 285.His conversational powers, 289.His qualities as an historian, 290.His vindication from the imputations of the editor, 293, 299-305.Change in his opinions produced by the French Revolution, 294.His moderation, 298-300.His historical justice, 306.Maclean, Colonel, Hastings's agent in London, receives his resignation, iii.152.Presents it,160.Madras, description of, ii. 674.Its capitulation to the French, 677.Restored to the English, 678.Madrid, capture of, by the English army in 1705, ii. 166, 167.Mahommed Reza Khan, candidate for minister of Bengal, iii.129.Appointed by Clive,131.Removed by order of the Court of Directors,132.Acquitted,135.Mahon, Lord, review of his History of the War of the Succession in Spain, ii. 128-186.His qualities as an historian, 128-130.His explanation of the financial condition of Spain, 136, 137.His opinions on the Partition Treaty, 141-143.His representations of Cardinal Portocarrero, 154.His opinion of the peace at the conclusion of the War of the Spanish Succession, 177.His censure of Harley, 178.His view of the resemblance of the Tories of 1832 to the Whigs of the Revolution, 178-181.Mahrattas, danger to India from, iii.164.Malaga, naval battle near, in 1704, ii. 159.Malcolm, Sir John, review of his Life of Lord Clive, ii. 670-762.Value of his work, 671.His partiality for Clive, 708.His defence of Clive's conduct towards Omichund, 717.Malthus, Thomas, his law of population attacked by Sadler, i. 610, 659.Use of arithmetical terms objected to, 616.His opinion as regards the United States, 636.Mandragola, The, i. 163. Its plot, 165.Mansfield, Murray, Lord, his character and talents, ii. 258.His rejection of the overtures of Newcastle, 267.His elevation, 267.Maria Theresa, her accession, iii.257.Rallies Hungary to her assistance,265.Cedes Silesia and wins Frederic,266,267.Again attacked by Frederic,268,269.Enmity toward him,293.Combines Europe against him,294.Makes peace with him,328.Marlborough, Duke of, converted to Whiggism, ii. 176.Marsh, Bishop, opposes Calvinistic doctrine, ii. 653.Martin, Mr., an illustrator, unfortunate in his choice of subjects, i. 744.Mary, Queen, her persecutions more excusable than Elizabeth's, i. 292.Fanaticism of, ii. 90.Massinger, Philip, his fondness for the Catholic Church, ii. 88.Mathematics, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 458.Mawbey, Sir Joseph, accuracy of his anecdote of Johnson, i. 698.Medicine, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 461-463.Meer Cossim, his talents, deposition, and revenge, ii. 733, 734.Meer Jaffier, his conspiracy, ii. 710.His conduct during the battle of Plassey, 715.His pecuniary transactions with Clive, 720, 721.His proceedings on being threatened by the Great Mogul, 724, 725.His fears of the English and intrigues with the Dutch, 726.Deposed and reseated by the English, 733.His death, 737.His large bequest to Lord Clive, 745.Melancthon, ii. 68.Memmius, compared to Sir W. Temple, ii. 596.Memory, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 461.Mendoza, Hurtado de, ii. 133.Metcalf, Sir Charles, ii. 761.Mexico, exactions of Spanish viceroys in, ii. 733.Michell, Sir Francis, ii. 414, 424.Middleton, Dr., remarks on his Life of Cicero, ii. 360, 361.Mill, James, his Essay on Government, i. 381-422.Style of reasoning, 384.His objection to aristocratical government, 387.To monarchy, 388.Contradicted by history, 390.His fallacious reasoning with regard to combinations of government, 396.On representative governments, 403.Error in his theory, 405.His idea with regard to suffrage qualifications, 408.Failure to gauge human nature correctly, 414.His art a trick of legerdermain, 417, 418.Westminster Reviewer's defence of, refuted, 423-459.His inconsistency, 464.His merits as an historian, ii. 306, 307.Defects of his history of British India, 671.His unfairness towards Clive's character, 708.Milton, John, compared with Dante, i. 13, 99.His Essay on the Doctrines of Christianity recovered, 83.Style and doctrines, 84.His poetry his chief claim to recognition, 86.His age unfavorable to his work, 86.Excellence of his Latin verse, 91.Suggestion the characteristic of his verse, 93.L'Allegro and Il Penseroso, 94.Samson Agonistes, 94.Admiration for Euripides, 96.Comus, 97.Paradise Lost, 99.His use of the supernatural, 104.Character displayed in his poetry, 108.His sonnets, 109. His public conduct, 110.His support of public liberty approved, 121.His defence of the regicides justified, 123.His support of Cromwell creditable, 125.His character a combination of the good elements of contemporary parties, 133, 134.Prose writings, 137.Blindness may have helped his work, 213.His correctness considered, 584.Admired by Byron, 595.Minden, battle of, ii. 279.Minorca, captured by the French, ii. 266.Mirabeau, Dumont's Recollections of, ii. 95-127.His use of nicknames, 125.Compared with Wilkes, 125.With Chatham, 126.Missionary, story of a, i. 622.Mitford, Mr., his History of Greece criticised, i. 56-82.His characteristics as an historian, 57.His narration better than his predecessors', 60.His skepticism and political bias, 61.Partial to Lacedæmon, 64.And Lycurgus, 67.Prejudiced against Athens, 70.Inaccuracy with regard to Demosthenes, 73.With regard to Æschines, 75.His neglect of the peaceful pursuits of the Greeks, 77.His faults, 274.Molwitz, battle of, iii.263.Mompesson, Sir Giles, conduct of Bacon in regard to his patent, ii. 414, 415.Abandoned to the vengeance of the Commons, 424.Monarchy, the English, in the 16th century, ii. 75, 80.Monjuich, fortress of, captured by Peterborough, ii. 163, 164.Monopolies, during the latter part of Elizabeth's reign, ii. 382.Multiplied under James, 414.Connived at by Bacon, 414, 415.Monson, Mr., made Councillor in India, iii.144.Opposes Hastings,148.Dies,160.Montagu, Basil, review of his edition of Lord Bacon's works, ii. 357-497.Character of his work, 357-363.His explanation of Lord Burleigh's conduct towards Bacon, 375.His views and arguments in defence of Bacon's conduct towards Essex, 390-395.His excuses for Bacon's use of torture, and his tampering with the judges, 405-408.His reflections on Bacon's admonition to Buckingham, 416.His complaints against James for not interposing to save Bacon, and for advising him to plead guilty, 427.His defence of Bacon, 429-440.Montesquieu, his Spirit of Laws, compared to Machiavelli's Prince, i. 180.Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.Montgomery, Robert, his poems reviewed, i. 546-568.Passed off on the public as a great poet, 547.His plagiarism and bad grammar, 556et seq.His descriptions, 560.His personification, 563.His unjustified popularity, 566.His Satan, 566, 567.Montreal, captured by the British, ii. 277.Moore, Thomas, his Life of Lord Byron, i. 569-607.Lalla Rookh, ii. 489.More, Sir Thomas, as a character in Southey's Colloquies, i. 506.His feeling for the doctrine of transubstantiation, iii.7.Mourning Bride, Congreve's, iii.83.Munny Begum, given charge of the infant Nabob, iii.134.Munro, Sir Thomas, ii. 761.Munster, Bishop of, ii. 525.Murray, Solicitor-General (1750), his character, ii. 258.Professional ambition, 261.Refuses Newcastle's overtures, 267.Nabobs, class of Englishmen so called, ii. 745-748.Napoleon, compared with Philip II. of Spain, ii. 131.Anecdote of, 269.His Old Guard compared with Clive's garrison at Arcot, 689.His early proof of talents for war, 760.Nares, Rev. Dr., review of his Burleigh and his Times, ii. 63-94.Nelson, Southey's Life of, i. 499.Newcastle, Duke of, his relation to Walpole, ii. 217, 218.His character, 229, 230.His appointment as head of the administration, 260.His negotiations with Fox, 261, 262.Attacked in Parliament by Chatham, 263.His intrigues, 267.His resignation of office, 268.Sent for by the king on Chatham's dismissal, 270.Leader of the Whig aristocracy, 272.Motives for his coalition with Chatham, 273.His perfidy toward the king, 274.His jealousy of Fox, 274.His strong government with Chatham, 275.Forms a coalition with Chatham, iii.596.His power,597.Displaced by Bute,620.Newdigate, Sir Roger, his rule for prize poems, i. 585.Newton, John, his connection with the slave trade, ii. 432.His belief in predestination, 653.Niagara, conquest of, ii. 276.Nimeguen, treaty of, ii. 549.Its hollowness and unsatisfactoriness, 550.Nizam al Mulk, Viceroy of the Deccan, his death, ii. 684.North, Lord, makes Hastings Governor-General of India, iii.144.Tries to remove him,160.Novum Organum, Lord Bacon's, quoted from, i. 447.Use of quotation defended, 469.Admiration excited by it before it was published, ii. 403.And afterwards, 421.Contrast between its doctrine and the ancient philosophy, 447, 455, 470.Its first book the greatest performance of Bacon, 494.Nov, Attorney-General to Charles I., ii. 26.Nugent, Lord, review of his Memorials of John Hampden, his Party and his Times; ii. 1-62.Nuncomar, candidate for minister of Bengal, his character, iii.129.Disliked by Hastings,133.Used as a tool,135.Accuses Hastings before the Council,150.Seized on charge of felony, and convicted,153.His execution,155.Oates, Titus, his plot, ii. 321-326.Ochino, Bernardo, sermons by, ii. 369.Ode to the Virgin, Petrarch's, i. 32.Old Bachelor, Congreve's, iii.81.Oligarchy, has proved universally pernicious, i. 64.Omichund, his position in India, ii. 709.His treachery toward Clive, 711-717.Omnipresence of the Deity, Montgomery's, criticised, i. 556.Orange, William, Prince of, ii. 537.The only hope of his country, 542.His success against the French 543.His marriage with the Lady Mary, 550.See William III.Orators, On the Athenian, i. 40-55.Oratory, excellence to which it attained at Athens, i. 45.Circumstances favorable to that result, 46.Principles upon which it is to be estimated, 49.Causes of the difference between English and Athenian orators, 50.History of, at Athens, 51.Speeches of the ancients, as transmitted to us by Thucydides, 52.Period during which it flourished most at Athens, 52.Coincidence between the progress of the art of war and that of oratory, 54.Orme, his work on India, ii. 671.Orsini, Princess, ii. 154, 155, 169.Osborne, Sir Peter, and Sir William Temple, ii. 511.Ossian, poems of, utterly condemned, i. 20.Ostracism in Athens, i. 64.Oude, Hastings's dealings with the Prince of, iii.137.Monetary demands on,188.Begums of, plundered,191.Overbury, Sir Thomas, ii. 436, 438.Oxford, University of, inferior to that of Cambridge, in intellectual activity, ii. 364.Painting, causes of its decline, in England after the civil wars, ii. 199.Paley, cited, i. 660. Mr. Gladstone on, ii. 605.Papacy, its antiquity, iii.2.Triumph at the Reformation due to public opinion,25.Papists and Protestants, line of demarcation between, ii. 380.Paradise Lost, Milton's, i. 99.Parker, Archbishop, ii. 89.Parliament, recent demands on, i. 377.Reform of, demanded, 378.Parliament of James I., ii. 13, 14.Of Charles I., his first, 15, 16.His second, 17.Its dissolution, 18.His fifth, 31.Effect of the publication of its proceedings, 220.Parliament, the Long, its actions justified, i. 116.Convened, 306.Early measures approved, 316.Attempt to seize five of its members, 318.Loyal tendency of, 319.Loyalists in, 320.Attitude at the beginning of the war, 329.Nineteen propositions of, 331.Claims control of the militia, 333.Its errors, 335.Inclined to half measures at first, 338.Growth of military party in, 339.Gets into the hands of the army, 340.Its first meeting, ii. 36.Recapitulation of its acts, 37.Its attainder of Strafford defended, 39, 40.Sends Hampden to Edinburgh to watch the king, 41.Refuses to surrender the members ordered to be impeached, 45.Openly defies the king, 49.Its conditions of reconciliation, 53.Pascal, Blaise, ii. 590."Patriots, The," in opposition to Sir Robert Walpole, ii. 219.Their remedies for state evils, 220-222.Paulet, Sir Amias, ii. 373.Peacham, Rev. Mr., his treatment by Bacon, ii. 405.Peel, Sir Robert, i. 701.Peerage, Sadler's assertion of its sterility refuted, i. 633, 684.Pelham, Henry, his character, ii. 228.His death, 260.Pelhams, the, their ascendency, ii. 227.Their accession to power, 255.Feebleness of the opposition to them, 257.Peninsular War, Southey's, i. 500.People, the, in the 17th and 19th centuries, i. 543, 544.Their welfare disregarded in partition treaties, ii. 141, 142.Pepys, Samuel, praises the Triple Alliance, ii. 536, note.Pericles, his eloquence, i. 53.Distributes gratuities to Athenian tribunals, ii. 431.Périer, J. V., his translation of Machiavelli, i. 140.Peterborough, Earl of, his expedition to Spain, ii. 159.His character, 159, 171.His successes on the northeast coast of Spain, 161-166.His retirement to Valencia thwarted, 170.Returns to Valencia as a volunteer, 170.His recall to England, 171.Pétion, the Girondist, iii.523.His unfortunate end,527.Saint Just's speech on his guilt,528."Petition of Right," enactment of the, ii. 17.Violated by Charles I., 17, 27.Petrarch, influence of his poems on the literature of Italy, i. 5, 6.Celebrity as a writer, 23.His amatory verses, 25.Causes co-operating to spread his renown, 26, 27.His coronation at Rome, 28, 29.His poetical powers, 30.His genius, 31.Paucity of his thoughts, 31.His energy when speaking of the wrongs and degradation of Italy, 32.His poems on religious subjects, 32.Prevailing defect of his best compositions, 33.His imitators, 34.His sonnets, 35.Remarks on his Latin writings, 36.Phalaris, Letters of, controversy upon their merits and genuineness, ii. 592-596.Philip II. of Spain, extent and splendor of his empire, ii. 130.Philip III. of Spain, his accession, ii. 148.His character, 148-150.His choice of a wife, 154.Obliged to fly from Madrid, 166.Surrender of his arsenal and ships at Carthagena, 167.Defeated at Almenara, and again driven from Madrid, 173.Forms a close alliance with his late competitor, 183.Quarrels with France; value of his renunciation of the crown of France, 184.Philip, Duke of Orleans, regent of France, ii. 118-120.Compared with Charles II. of England, 119, 120.Philips, Ambrose, friend of Addison, iii.438.Philips, Sir Robert, ii. 425.Philosophical Church, the, iii.39.Its philanthropic tendency,39.Its extravagance,42.Philosophy, ancient, its characteristics, ii. 445.Its stationary character, 449, 465.Its alliance with Christianity, 452, 453.Its fall, 453.Its merits compared with the Baconian, 465-469.Reason of its barrenness, 482.Philosophy, moral, its relation to the Baconian system, ii. 472.Philosophy, natural, the light in which it was viewed by the ancients, ii. 445-452.New features of Bacon's, 455.Pilgrim's Progress, Bunyan's, its characteristic peculiarity, i. 745.Liked by all classes, 746.Characters real beings, 748.Not a consistent allegory, 749.Portrays its author's internal conflicts, 754.Depicts characters and judicial scenes typical of the time, 756.Pisistratus, Bacon's comparison of Essex to, ii. 388.Pitt, William, the elder.SeeChatham, Earl of.Pitt, William, the younger, sides with Hastings at first, iii.207.Supports the Benares charge against him,216.Motive alleged,219.Pius V., a bigot, ii. 662.Plain Dealer, Wycherley's, its appearance and merit, iii.70,79.Plassey, battle of, ii. 713-715.Its effect in England, 723.Plato, never sullen, ii. 359.Comparison of his views with those of Bacon, 456-469.His excellence in the art of dialogue, 590.Plutarch, his school of historical writers, their faults, i. 251.Out of sympathy with their subjects, 252.Their cant about patriotism, 254.Their influence on England slight, 255.The French affected by, 257; ii. 124.His evidence of gift-taking by Athenian judges, 431.His anecdote of a speech by Lysias, 601.Poetry, semi-civilization most favorable to the creation of, i. 86.Defined, 89.Use of the supernatural in, 101, 102.Application of criticism to, 191.Need of skill in, 198.Revivals of, 203.Its decay retarded in England by the drama, 209.Meaning of correctness in, 581.Its object, 587.Its imitation, 588.Revival of, in England, 591.Byron's share in its revival, 594.Pole, Cardinal, ii. 69.Politian, quoted, ii. 286.Political Science, progress of, ii. 300, 307, 303, 355, 356.Polybius, authenticity his only merit as an historian, i. 251.Pondicherry, ii. 686.Pope, Alexander, first English author to be free of patronage, i. 548.Deterioration of his school, 591.Admired by Byron, 594.Enriched by political favors, 722.Esteemed by Johnson, 733.Friendship with Wycherley, iii.74.Defends Addison's Cato,461.Estranged from Addison,469.His character leads to a suspicion of malignity,473.Attacks Addison in Atticus,474.Popes, the, restraint of, in Italy, i. 145.Ranke's History of, reviewed, iii.1-46.Popish Plot, the, ii. 321-325.Popoli, Duchess of, saved by the Earl of Peterborough, ii. 164.Population, theory of excess of, a reflection on the Deity, i. 611.Sadler's law of, 615.Disproved by evidence, 617.Its dependence on wealth, 631.Further refutation of Sadler's law, 670et seq.Portico, school of the, its doctrines, ii. 450.Portocarrero, Cardinal, ii. 144-148.Louis XIV.'s opinion of him, 154.His disgrace and reconciliation with the Queen Dowager, 167.Posidonius, on the value of philosophy, ii. 445.Post Nati, the, great case of, in the Exchequer Chamber, conducted by Bacon; doubts upon the legality of the decision, ii. 402.Pragmatic Sanction, agreed to, iii.257.Entirely destroyed by Frederic the Great's action,262.Prerogative, royal, curtailed by the Revolution, ii. 211.Bolingbroke proposes to strengthen it, 211.SeeCrown.Press, the, emancipation of, i. 369.Censorship of, in the reign of Elizabeth, ii. 76.Prince, The, Machiavelli's, i. 176.Compared to Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws, 180.Printing, its inventor and the date of its discovery unknown, ii. 452.Privy Council, Temple's plan for its reconstitution, ii. 553.Mr. Courtenay's opinion of its absurdity contested, 554-565.Barillon's remarks upon it, 556.Progress of mankind, in the political and physical sciences, ii. 300-306.In intellectual freedom, 380.The key of the Baconian doctrine, 445.How retarded by the unprofitableness of ancient philosophy, 445-472.Protestantism, early history of, ii. 73, 74.Its attitude toward private judgment, 643.Rapid advance of, iii.14.Struggle with Catholicism,25.Dissension in the ranks of,28.Vanquished and humbled,34.Productive of prosperity to its adherents,36.Non-extension of, remarkable,45.Protestant Nonconformists, in the reign of Charles I., intolerance of, ii. 42.Protestants and Catholics, relative numbers of, in the 16th century, ii. 83, 84.Provence, earliest civilized portion of Western Europe, iii.9.Prussia, king of, subsidized by the Pitt and Newcastle ministry, ii. 278.Its beginnings, iii.243.Becomes a kingdom,244.Condition of, under Frederic the Great,275.Fearful devastation of, in the Seven Years' War,329.Prynne, pilloried and mutilated, ii. 23, 29.Public opinion, power of, ii. 209.Public spirit, an antidote against bad government, ii. 78.A safe-guard against legal oppression, 79.Puffing, used to float poor books, i. 549.Method employed, 550.Discreditable to the author puffed, 552.Its effect, 553.Pulteney, William, his opposition to Walpole, ii. 213, 239.Moved the address to the king on the marriage of the Prince of Wales, 246.His unpopularity, 253.Accepts a peerage, 254.Puritans, absurd and brilliant characteristics of, i. 128-132.Theatres closed by, 209.Persecution of, by Elizabeth, inexcusable, 295.Their persecution by Charles I., ii. 22.Settlement in America, 29.Blamed for calling in the Scots, 34.Defended against this accusation, 34, 35.Difficulty and peril of their leaders, 44.The austerity of their manners drove many to the royal standard, 55.Their position at the close of the reign of Elizabeth, 380.Pym, John, intimate with Hampden, ii. 31.His influence, 36.His impeachment ordered by the King, 45.Lady Carlisle's warning to him, 46.Pynsent, Sir William, his legacy to Chatham, iii.645.Quebec, conquest of, by Wolfe, ii. 276.Quintilian, as a critic, i. 42.Raleigh, Sir Walter, ii. 94.His position at court at the close of Elizabeth's reign, 383.His execution, 413.Ramus, ii. 455.Ranke, Leopold, review of his History of the Popes, iii.1-46.His qualifications as an historian,1,44.Red-haired people, might be forced into the attitude of the Jews toward governments, i. 649.Reform Bill, ii. 268.Conduct of its opponents, 336.Reformation, the, spirit of, in Europe, i. 296.In England, 297.Its immediate effect upon political liberty in England, ii. 8.Analogy between it and the French Revolution, 71.Its effect upon the Church of Rome, 138.Vacillation which it produced in English legislation, 364.Progress of, in northern Europe, iii.14.In Italy,15.In Spain,16.Effect of, on the Catholic Church,22.Degenerates into a political contest,35.Reformers, always unpopular in their own age, ii. 303.Regium Donum, ii. 654.Religion, of the English, in the 16th century, ii. 85-89.Injurious influence of Louis XIV. on, 118, 119.Natural and revealed, does not admit of progress, iii.4.Remedies of Good and Evil Fortune, Petrarch's, i. 37.Revolution of 1688, i. 366.Review of Mackintosh's History of, ii. 283-356.Revolution, the French, social and political consequences of, ii. 71, 72, 99-101, 296, 297.Terms in which it is spoken of by M. Dumont, 98-103, 294.Compared with the English and with the American, 107, 122-124.The first and second, 108-110.Warnings which preceded it, 112-122.Richardson, Samuel, dependent on his shop for support, i. 723.Richelieu, Duke of, captures Minorca, ii. 266.His frivolity and vice, iii.312.Robertson, Dr., sometimes misplaced words ludicrously, ii. 477.Robinson, Sir Thomas, leader of the House of Commons, ii. 262, 263.Rockingham, Marquess of, leader of the independent Whigs, iii.654.Becomes first Lord of the Treasury,655.Brings Burke to his side,656.Action on the Stamp Act,658.Carries the repeal,663.Dismissed,667.Moderation toward the new government,672.Attitude toward Chatham,680.Roe, Sir Thomas, advises the East India Company, ii. 737.Rohillas, their courage and independence, iii.139.Conquered for the Prince of Oude by British troops,141.Roland, Madame, dying words of, ii. 100.Execution of, iii.533.Rome, its lack of progress in political science, i. 265.Exclusive spirit of, 266.Under the tutelage of Greece only, 267.Literary torpor induced by despotism, 269.Only broken by the barbarian invasions, 271.Bribery at, ii. 431, 432.Rome, Church of, its encroaching disposition, ii. 322.Its policy, 334.Remarkable history of, iii.2.Rebellion against in Provence,9.Lollard movement against,13.The great reformation,14.Internal purification of,18.New enthusiasm in,22.Its contest with Protestantism,24.Superb organization of,29.Its utilization of enthusiasts,30.Degenerates again from its highest standard,35.Its territorial limit,36.Fourth attack on,38.Its calamities during the French Revolution,42.Again regained its position,44.Rooke, Sir George, Rear Admiral, captures Gibraltar, ii. 158.Fights with a French squadron near Malaga and returns to England, 159.Rosamond, opera of, Addison's, iii.431.Rousseau, Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.Royalists, their good qualities, i. 132.Many of them friends of the constitution, 328.Rulers, theoretical tendency of, i. 390.Effect of public opinion on, 392.Rupert, Prince, ii. 48, 58.His encounter with Hampden at Chalgrove, 59.Russell, Lord William, his conduct in the Council, ii. 581.His death, 584.Russia, joins Maria Theresa againstPrussia, iii.294.Goes over to Prussia,327.Rutland, Earl of, his character, ii. 423.Ruyter, Admiral de, in danger of assassination, ii. 542.Sackville, Earl of (16th century), ii. 93.Sackville, Lord George, ii. 728.Sadler, Michael Thomas, his Law of Population reviewed, i. 608-640.His ranting style, 608.Deems the asserted evil of superfecundity a reflection on the Deity, 611.Attempts to distinguish this from other evils, 613.His law of population, 615.Misuse of mathematical terms, 616.His law proved false, 618.Danger of attaching such theories to religion, 621.His law at most merely a theory of superfecundity, 623.Evidence entirely against him, 624-627.Connection between fecundity and wealth, 631.Unfounded assertion of the sterility of the Peerage, 632.His conclusions with regard to the United States, 636.His ideas on their population, 637.His faults summarized, 640.His Refutation refuted, 656-690.His motto ridiculed, 656.His essay utterly bad, 657.Tries to evade his attack on Malthus, 659.His doctrine with regard to evil refuted, 661.Claims that Malthus charges the Deity with partiality, 663.Accused of "packing," 670, 680.His theory disproved by general conditions in France, 670.And in England, 675.Especially by conditions in English towns, 680.His further deductions from the fecundity of the nobility, 684.General remarks on his work, 690.St. John, Henry, his accession to power in 1712, ii. 177, 186.SeeBolingbroke, Lord.St. John, Oliver, counsel against Charles I.'s writ for ship-money, ii. 28, 32-34.Made Solicitor-General, 40.St. Louis, his persecution of heretics, ii. 432.St. Maloes, ships burnt in the harbor of, ii. 276.Saint Simon, cited, ii. 116, 184.Sallust, characteristics of, as an historian, i. 259.His Conspiracy of Catiline criticised, 260.His character and genius, ii. 358.Samson Agonistes, modelled on the Greek Drama, i. 95.Satan, Montgomery's, worse than his other poor poems, i. 566.Schitab Roy, ii. 133.Scotland, cruelties of James II. in, ii. 331.Establishment of the Kirk in, 345, 639.Scots, the, effects of their resistance to Charles I., ii. 30, 31.Scott, Major, selected by Hastings as his champion in Parliament, iii.205.Challenges Burke to an impeachment,213.Scott, Sir Walter, i. 594.His error in Peveril of the Peak, 599.Sedley, Catherine, ii. 340.Seneca, his work On Anger, ii. 446.His claims as a philosopher, 447.His work on natural philosophy, 451.The Baconian system in reference to, 482.Seven Years' War, how brought about, iii.294.Saxony overrun by Prussians,304.Battle of Lowositz,304.Bohemia invaded,305.Battle at Kolin,306,307.French defeated by Frederic at Rosbach,313.Austrians at Leuthen,314.Russians at Zorndorf,318.Frederic repulsed at Hochkirchen by the Austrians,319.At Kunersdorf,322.Prussian victories at Lignitz and Torgau,325.Political changes in the coalition,326.End of,328.Shaftesbury, Lord, allusion to, ii. 508.His character, 568-573.Contrasted with Halifax, 574-576.Shakespeare, his lack of critical power, i. 205.His correctness considered, 582, 584.Revival of, 591.His partiality for friars, ii. 88.Allusion to, 94.His character-drawing, iii.383.Shelley, the poet, his strong imagination, i. 748.Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, his speech charging Hastings with the spoliation of the Begums, iii.220.Speaks on the same subject at the trial,228.Ship-money, question of its legality, ii. 27.Silesia, occupied by Frederic, iii.263.Ceded to Prussia by Maria Theresa,267.Skinner, Cyriac, i. 83.Slavery, evils of, i. 71.Smith, Adam, ii. 751.Smollett, his judgment on Lord Carteret, ii. 226.His satire on the Duke of Newcastle, 229.Socrates, his views on the uses of astronomy, ii. 459.Somers, Lord Chancellor, coöperates with Montague to encourage literature, iii.409.Loses power,422.Returns to the Council,432.Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of, his fall, ii. 410.Southampton, Earl of, ii. 399, 400.Southey, Robert, his Colloquies on Society reviewed, i. 496-545.Their dulness, 496.Lack of logic, 498.His other works discussed, 499.His style and bitterness toward opponents, 501.His political system a matter of feeling, 503.Hatred of the manufacturing system, 508.Acknowledges, ignorance of political economy, 512.His misunderstanding of credit, 513.Views on the national debt, 514.On public works, 517.Claims that all government rests on religion, 520.His advocacy of paternalism, 522.Of religious uniformity, 526.Feeling with regard to Catholics, 530.On the happiness of the common people, 533.Believes a people may be too rich, 540.His gloomy prophecy for the future, 541.His Life of Bunyan, 743.Spain, review of Lord Mahon's War of the Succession in, ii. 128-186.Her state under Philip, 131.Her literature during the 16th century, 133.Her state a century later, 134.Effect produced on her by bad government, 137.By the Reformation, 139; iii.16.Her disputed succession, ii. 140.The Partition Treaty, 141-143.Conduct of the French toward her, 143, 144.How affected by the death of Charles, 148et seq.Sparre, the Dutch general, ii. 156.Sparta, dearth of eminent men in, i. 64.Its stability not to be admired, 65.Its public perfidy, 66.Domestic unreasonableness, 67.Slavery in, 72.Stanhope, Earl of, ii. 238.Stanhope, General, ii. 163.Commands in Spain (1707), 172-175.Star Chamber, the, ii. 23, 29, 34. Abolished, 38.Staremberg, the imperial general in Spain (1707), ii. 172, 175.State Trials, ii. 324, 348.Steele, Richard, character of, iii.439.Starts the Tatler,442,443.Retained in office under pledge of neutrality between the parties,452.Starts the Spectator,452.The Guardian,457.The Englishman,463.His estrangement from Addison,479.Publishes the Plebeian attacking the Peerage Bill,481.Stewart, Dugald, i. 43; ii. 372.Strafford, Earl of, his impeachment, i. 307.His arbitrary plans, 308.Justice of his attainder considered, 310.Hallam's view of his punishment, 312.Kindness of Parliament to his children, 314.Treachery of Charles I. to, 315.His character, ii. 24-26.His impeachment, attainder, and execution, 37.Defence of the proceedings against him, 39.Sublime, Longinus on the, discussion of, by Burke and Dugald Stewart, i. 43.Suetonius, quoted, ii. 12, 13.Suffrage, universal, utilitarians in favor of, i. 486.Sujah Dowlah, Nabob Vizier of Oude, buys Allahabad and Corah from Hastings, iii.137.Covets Rohilcund,139.Helped in conquering it by British troops,141.Sulivan, Mr., chairman of the India Company, his character, ii. 732.His relation to Clive, 736.Sumner, Charles R., translator ofMilton's Treatise on Christian Doctrine, i. 83.Sunderland, Earl of, ii. 238.Surajah Dowlah, Viceroy of Bengal, his character, ii. 702.The monster of the Black Hole, 703, 704.Defeated by Clive at Plassey, 714.His flight and death, 716, 720.Investigation by the House of Commons into the circumstances of his deposition, 754.Sweden, a member of the Triple Alliance, ii. 533.Swift, Jonathan, his position at Sir William Temple's, ii. 586.His wit compared to Addison's, iii.445.Dreads Addison's wit,451.Becomes his friend,465.Sydney, Algernon, reproaches the sheriffs on the scaffold, ii. 350.Sydney, Sir Philip, ii. 93.Syllogistic process, analysis of, by Aristotle, ii. 478.Tacitus, greatest Latin historian, i. 261.Excellence of his characterization, 262.Talleyrand, his fine perception of character, ii. 507.Tasso, his Secchia Rapita characterized, i. 6.Temple, Lord, First Lord of the Admiralty in the Duke of Devonshire's administration, ii. 268.His parallel between Byng's behavior at Minorca and the king's behavior at Oudenarde, 270.Head of a Whig faction, iii.599.Resigns with Pitt,616.Reputation for underhand work,627.Persuades Pitt not to succeed Grenville,650.Temple, Sir William, review of Courtenay's Memoirs of, ii. 498-599.His character as a statesman, 500-508.His family, 508, 509.His early life, 510.His courtship of Dorothy Osborne, 511-513.Historical interest of his love-letters, 513, 516.His marriage, 518.His residence in Ireland, 518.His feelings toward Ireland, 521.Attaches himself to Arlington, 523, 525.His embassy to Munster, 526.Appointed resident at the Court of Brussels, 526.Danger of his position, 528.His interview with De Witt, 529.His fame at home and abroad, 536.His recall and farewell of De Witt, 538.His cold reception and dismissal, 539.Style and character of his compositions, 541.Charged to conclude a separate peace with the Dutch, 547, 550.Offered the Secretaryship of State, 548, 550.His audiences of the king, 549, 554.His share in bringing about the marriage of the Prince of Orange with the Lady Mary, 550.Required to sign the treaty of Nimeguen, 550.Recalled to England, 551.His plan of a new privy council, 553-565.His alienation from his colleagues, 580, 581.His conduct on the Exclusion Question, 582.Leaves public life and retires to the country, 583.Swift, his amanuensis, 586.His literary pursuits, 588.His Essay on Ancient and Modern Learning, 590.His Essay on the Letters of Phalaris, 592.His death and character, 596-599.Terror, Reign of, iii.533.Smallness of the leaders in,537.End of; the ninth Thermidor,555.Tessé, Marshal, ii. 165.Thackeray, Rev. Francis, review of his Life of the Rt. Hon. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, etc., ii. 232-282.His style and matter, 232, 233, 251.His omission to notice Chatham's conduct toward Walpole, 252, 253.Theramenes, his fine perception of character, ii. 507.Thucydides, character of the speeches of the ancients, as transmitted to us by him, i. 51.Difference of his history from that of Herodotus, 242.Master of his art, 245.His use of fictitious speeches, 246.Inability to deduce principles from facts, 247.General characteristics, 249.Thurlow, Lord Chancellor, takes sides against Clive, ii. 756.Espouses the cause of Hastings, iii.207.Tickell, Thomas, a friend of Addison, iii.440.His trouble with Pope over their rival translations of the Iliad,471.Tindal, Nicholas, his characterization of the Earl of Chatham's maiden speech, ii. 246.Toledo, admission of the Austrian troops into, in 1705, ii. 167.Toleration Act, the, its provisions, ii. 344, 345.Toleration, religious, conduct of James II. as a professed supporter of, ii. 329, 332, 336.Tories, their popularity and ascendency in 1710, ii. 175.Tories of 1830 and Whigs of Queen Anne's time compared, 178, 179.Description of them during the sixty years following the Revolution, 186.Of Walpole's time, 238, 243.Mistaken reliance of James II. upon, 340.Their principles and conduct after the Revolution, 354.Contempt into which they had fallen (1754), 698.Clive unseated by their vote, 699.Compared with the Whigs, iii.592.How regarded under the early Georges,594.Admitted to some positions under the Pitt-Newcastle coalition,602.Torture, the application of, by Bacon, in Peacham's case, ii. 404-408.Its use forbidden by Elizabeth, 407.Mr. Jardine's work on the use of it, 408.Toulouse, Count of, compelled by Peterborough to raise the siege of Barcelona, ii. 165, 166.Towns, concentration in, important in mediæval Italy, i. 144.Townshend, Lord, his quarrel with Walpole and retirement from public life, ii. 240.Tragedy, how much it has lost from a false notion of what is due to its dignity, ii. 514.Treason, High, law passed at the Revolution respecting trials for, ii. 351.Triple Alliance, circumstances which led to it, ii. 527-531.Its speedy conclusion and importance, 533-537.Dr. Lingard's remarks on it, 533, 534.Its abandonment by the English government, 540.Reverence for it in Parliament, 546.Tudor sovereigns, their government popular though despotic, ii. 76.Dependent on the public favor, 80.Parallel between the Tudors and the Cæsars not applicable, 81.Corruption not necessary to them, 209.Turgot, M., ii. 121.United Provinces, Temple's account of, a masterpiece, ii. 541.United States, its growth in population considered, i. 636.Utilitarians, their admiration for James Mill, i. 381.Of little consequence, 422.Their great principle, 449.Their unfounded professions, 460.Their argument for universal suffrage, 486.Utility, the key of the Baconian doctrine, ii. 445.Utrecht, Treaty of, exasperation of parties on account of, ii. 181.Dangers that were to be apprehended from, 182.State of Europe at the time, 182.Defence of, 184-186.Vane, Sir Harry, ii. 33.Vansittart, Mr., his governorship of India, iii.121.Vendôme, Louis, Duke of, takes the command of the Bourbon forces in Spain (1710), ii. 173, 174.Verres, extensive bribery at the trial of, ii. 431.Vicar of Wakefield, Goldsmith's, error in regard to its date of publication, i. 698.Vices, effect of public sanction on, i. 162.Vigo, capture of the Spanish galleons at, in 1702, ii. 157.Villani, John, his account of Florence in the fourteenth century, i. 148.Villa-Viciosa, battle of (1710), ii. 175.Virgil, idolized by Dante, i. 20.Voltaire, compared to Byron, i. 596.Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.His partiality to England, 758.Meditated a history of the conquest of Bengal, 758.Acquaintance with Frederic the Great, iii.254.Ambassador to Prussia,268.His characteristics,283.Goes to Berlin,285.Quarrels with Frederic,289.Dismissed with indignities,291.Communication with Frederic renewed,309.His wit compared to Addison's,445.Waldegrave, Lord, made First Lord of the Treasury by George II.;his attempt to form an administration, ii. 275.Wales, Frederick, Prince of, joins the opposition to Walpole, ii. 244.His marriage, 246.Makes Pitt his groom of the bedchamber, 251.His death, 257.Wales, Princess dowager of, her influence on George III., iii.606.Waller, Edmund, his conduct in the House of Commons, ii. 329.Walpole, Sir Horace, review of Lord Dover's edition of his Letters to Sir Horace Mann, ii. 187-231.Eccentricity of his character, 188, 189.His politics, 190-192.His affectation of philosophy, 192.His unwillingness to be considered a man of letters, 193.His love of the French language, 195.Character of his works. 198-200.His sketch of Lord Carteret, 225, 226.Walpole, Sir Robert, cared little for literature, i. 719, 722.His retaliation on the Tories for their treatment of him, ii. 182.The "glory of the Whigs," 207.His character, 207et seq.The charge against him of corrupting the Parliament, 211.His dominant passion, 212, 214.His conduct in regard to the Spanish war, 213, 214.Formidable character of the opposition to him, 215, 243.Outcry for his impeachment, 217.His last struggle, 218.His conduct in reference to the South Sea bubble, 237.His conduct toward his colleagues, 239-242.Finds it necessary to resign, 252.Bill of indemnity for witnesses brought against him, 253.Walsingham, Earl of (16th century), ii. 93.War, Art of, Machiavelli's, i. 175.War, adaptability of a people to, i. 151.In Greece, 152.In the Middle Ages, 153.With mercenary troops, 154.War of the Spanish Succession, Lord Mahon's, review of, ii. 128-186.SeeSpain.Warburton, Bishop, his views on the ends of government, ii. 605.His social contract a fiction, 659.His opinion as to the religion to be taught by government, 664.Way of the World, Congreve's, iii.94.Wedderburne, Alexander, his able defence of Lord Clive, ii. 756, 757.Urges Clive to furnish Voltaire with the materials for his meditated history of the conquest of Bengal, 758.Weldon, Sir A., his story of the meanness of Bacon, ii. 420.Wellesley, Marquess, his eminence as a statesman, ii. 555.Wendover, its recovery of the elective franchise, ii. 15.Wentworth, Thomas. See Strafford.Wesley, John, Southey's Life of, i. 500.His dislike to the doctrine of predestination, ii. 653.Whately, Richard, Archbishop of Dublin, his work on logic, ii. 481.Wheler, Mr., appointed Governor-General in India, iii.160.Obliged to be content with a seat in the Council,163.Whigs, their unpopularity and loss of power in 1710, ii. 176, 177.Their position in Walpole's time, 242-244.Their violence in 1679, 325.The king's revenge on them, 327, 328.Revival of their strength. 329.Their conduct at the Revolution, 343.After that event, 352.Doctrines and literature patronized by them during the seventy years they were in power, 353, 354.Mr. Courtenay's remark on those of the 17th century, 499.Compared with the Tories, iii.592.Power of, injured by the fall of Walpole,594.Their power under the Pitt-Newcastle coalition,599.Influential members of the party,600.Their animosity excited by Bute,624.Whig and Tory, inversion of the meaning of, ii. 177.Whitgift, master of Trinity College, Cambridge, his character, ii. 372.His Calvinistic doctrines, 653.Wilberforce, William, describes Pitt's speech against Hastings, iii.219.Wilkes, John, compared to Mirabeau, ii. 125, 126.Attacks the princess dowager in print, iii.626.Persecuted by Grenville's government,639,642.Flees to France,643.Trouble over his election from Middlesex,678.Wilkie's Epigoniad, compared with Fénelon's Telemachus, ii. 116.William III., only one to derive glory from the Revolution, i. 366.Perfidy of statesmen under, 368.His feeling in reference to the Spanish Succession, ii. 140.Unpopularity of his person and measures, 150.Suffered under a complication of diseases, 151.His death, 152.Compact with the Convention, 343.His habit of consulting Temple, 588.Williams, Dean of Westminster, his services to Buckingham, and counsel to him and the king, ii. 423, 424, 427.Williams, Sir Charles, his lampoons, ii. 195.Williams, Sir William, Solicitor-General, his character as a lawyer and his view of the duty of counsel in conducting prosecutions, ii. 394.Wimbledon Church, Lord Burleigh hears mass at, ii. 67.Windham, William, his opinion of Sheridan's speech against Hastings, iii.220.His argument for retaining Francis in the impeachment against Hastings,222.His appearance at the trial,226.His adherence to Burke,233.Witt, John de, power with which he governed Holland, ii. 525.His interview with Temple, 529.His manners, 533.His confidence in Temple and deception by Charles's court, 538, 539.His violent death, 542.Wolfe, General, Pitt's panegyric upon, ii. 249.His conquest of Quebec, and death, 276.Monument voted to him, 277.Wordsworth, William, his independence, i. 595.A high priest of nature, 597.Quoted, ii. 235.Writing, grand canon of, ii. 129.Wycherley, William, birth and education, iii.63,64.Early plays,65.Connection with the Duchess of Cleveland,66.Naval adventures,69.Marries Lady Drogheda,70.Imprisoned for debt,71.Poetical work,73.Friendship with Pope,74.Death,76.Character and ability,77.Compared to Congreve,77,100.Xenophon, his rank as an historian, i. 250.Compared to Herodotus, 251.Yonge, Sir William, ii. 242.York, Duke of (afterwards James II.), ii. 552.Anxiety excited by his sudden return from Holland, 580.Detestation of, 580.Revival of the question of his exclusion, 582.SeeJames II.York House, the London residence of Bacon and of his father, ii. 420, 442.Young, Edward, pensioned by Walpole, i. 722.Zohak, King, Persian fable of, ii. 640.

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