[221]A corruption of Burghwash, a little Village in Sussex, on the River Rother. See Camden's Brit.[222]The Ancestor of this Family was Thomas Wentworth,Earl of Cleveland;which Title became extinct, for want of Male Issue, 1667. The Barony passed as above.[223]See Collins's Baronage, i. 267, 272.[224]See Camden's Britannia, col. 112.[225]See Camden, for the words of the Patent.[226]Clendon is the Seat of the Family in Surrey.[227]See Camden's Brit. col. 182, as to the Family.[228]Dale's Catalogue of the Nobility, 1697, p. 72.[229]Pennant's London, fourth edition, p. 346.[230]Pennant's Tour in North Wales, vol. II. p. 436.[231]The Barony of Herbert of Cherbury was revived in this Branch in 1743.[232]Collins's Peerage.[233]Tour in North Wales, vol. II. p. 439, 4to.[234]Pennant's Journey from Chester to London, 4to, 1782, p. 127.[235]The Marquisate of Dorchester, which was in the late Dukes of Kingston, was from Dorchester, Dorset.[236]Sir Michael Stanhope, of Harington in Northamptonshire, was the common Ancestor of the Earls of Chesterfield and of Harrington; as also of Earl Stanhope.[237]At Petersham was a Villa belonging to the Earl of Rochester, which was burnt down in 1721; after which the Earl of Harrington possessed and took it for his second Title in 1742.[238]Camden, col. 57.[239]Pennant's Journey from Chester, 1782, p. 19.[240]Pennant's Tour in North Wales, 1778, p. 125.[241]Collins's Peerage, 1779.[242]See Cavendish's Life of Wolsey. Collins's Collections.[243]Bibl. Top. Brit. vol. VI. No XV. from D'Ewes's MS Journal in the British Museum.[244]Kelham's Key to Domesday Book, p. 35.[245]Vincent on Brooke.[246]Camden's Britannia, col. 85.[247]Ibid. col. 21.[248]Pennant's Journey from Chester, p. 129.[249]Camden's Britannia, col. 72.[250]Collins, in his Peerage 1735, says, thatHamlakeis the same asHemsleyin Yorkshire (North Riding).[251]See Camden's Britannia, col. 315.[252]There were two Barons of this Title existing at the same time;viz.Lord Dacre of the North, and Lord Dacre of the South. Both at length centered in Barrett-Leonard Lord Dacre.[253]See Camden's Britannia, col. 14.[254]On the death of Francis Earl of Godolphin, 1766, the Barony devolved to Francis, his first cousin; and on his death, in 1785, became extinct.[255]See Peerage, 1711, vol. II.[256]For other circumstances see Mr. Pennant's Tour in North Wales, vol. I. p. 105; and vol. II. p. 187, in the corrections and additions to vol. I.[257]The Barony was conferred upon Sir Thomas Egerton by Creation in 1784, notwithstanding his claim by Descent.—His Lordship was in 1801 advanced to the Titles of Viscount Grey de Wilton, and Earl of Wilton.[258]See Tanner's Notitia.—The name is writtenRidvers, aliasRedvers, in Camden's Brit. col. 156.[259]East-Bourne Guide, p. 73.[260]The Baroness had taken the Name and Arms of De Cardonel on the death of her Mother in 1787. The Barony of Talbot, on the Earl's death, passed to his Nephew, though the Earldom became extinct, but was afterwards revived.[261]See Collins's Collections.[262]Consult Sandford, &c. for his Armorial Bearings.[263]Stowe's History of London, Book iii. p. 239.[264]By William Sacheverell, Esq. late Governor of the Island, printed at London, 1702.[265]i. e.Two Falcons. Dugdale's Baronage.[266]Baronage, vol. II. p. 257.[267]Brady's History of England, General Preface, p. 50.[268]Brady's Preface to the Norman History, p. 150.[269]See Blount's Dict.[270]Brady's Hist. p. 415.[271]Sacheverell's History of the Island, p. 2.[272]Manwood's Forest Laws.[273]Pennant's Tour, p. 158.[274]Ibid. p. 124.[275]Hasted's History of Kent.[276]Ex inform. Dom. Gul. Fitzherbert, Baronetti.[277]Itinerary, VI. 52.[278]Britannia, col. 35.[279]See Collins's Peerage, 1779, art.Lovel and Holland.[280]So Shakspeare has it.[281]For both the places see Spelman's Villare.[282]The Glossary to Douglas's Virgil adduces the Term from the Anglo-SaxonSlegan, interficere.[283]Nisbet's Cadencies, p. 178.[284]Idem, p, 208.[285]Nisbet, Armories, p. 199.[286]Nisbet, Armories, p. 203.[287]Douglas's Peerage, p. 547. The Scottish Writers give different Derivations of the Name of Drummond, not to our present purpose; though all seem to agree as to the reason of the Armorial Bearing of the Family. See the Works of Drummond of Hawthornden.[288]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 191.[289]Ibid. p. 200.[290]Nisbet, p. 147. See also Hume's History, ch. xiii.[291]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 33.[292]Cadencies, p. 196.[293]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 202.[294]Idem, p. 203.[295]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 196.[296]See Nisbet's Armories.[297]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 195.[298]Marks of Cadency, p. 199.[299]Nisbet's Cadencies, pp. 91, 92.[300]This Bearing is of late introduction, as alluding to the Name; for those of the Name anciently gave for Arms "Gules, a Fess Ermine;" and another Branch gave "Argent, Three Stags' Heads erased Gules." [Nisbet]. Crawfurd of Cloverhill has a still stronger relation both to the Name and to his Seat; for to the original Bearing he adds Three Crows; for Crest has a Garb (or Wheatsheaf); and for Motto, "God feeds the Crows." Id. p. 57.—Like the Motto of our Corbet, "Deus pascit Corvos."[301]Buchanan.[302]See Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 138.[303]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 414, 415.[304]See Memoirs of Ker of Kersland.[305]Becket's Murderers were Four Barons, and Knights, no doubt, of course;viz.Reginald Fitz-Urse, William de Tracy, Hugh de Morville, and Richard Breto. [Consult Lord Lyttelton and his Authorities.][306]Peerage of Scotland, 1767, octavo.[307]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 146.[308]Crawfurd's Peerage, in Duke of Hamilton. Buchanan, vol. I. p. 332, 333. Dr. Abercrombie, however, gives us reasons to doubt that this was the first introduction of the name of Hamilton into Scotland: though that is not material, if it was the occasion which introduced theMotto. This has no apparent connexion with the Crest or Arms, and is therefore, more conclusive. Query as to the Crest?[309]Crawfurd's Peerage.[310]Nisbet's Cadencies, p. 192. See also Douglas's Peerage.[311]Douglas's Peerage, in the Arms.[312]Nisbet's Heraldry, vol. I. p. 145.[313]Nisbet's Heraldry.[314]In rude times, such as those were of which we have been speaking, it was accounted an action of no small valour to kill so fierce an animal as aWild Boar; being attended with considerable personal danger, for want of such weapons, offensive and defensive, as we have at present. On this account I may be excused bringing forward a parallel honour attending a circumstance of this sort, though I fetch it from the Hottentots, a people to whose very name we seem to have falsely annexed ideas, far from the truth, of every thing below the dignity of human nature, and placed them but one degree above the brute creation. On the contrary, they are represented by Kolben, who had opportunities of personal intercourse with them, and was well qualified to observe and reason upon what he saw, as a people much wronged by our unfavourable opinions of them. But to the point: their country appears to be, from its situation, exceedingly exposed to the incursions of the fiercest of beasts, lions and tigers; insomuch that a Hottentot who kills one of these animals with his own hand isdeified, and his person held sacred ever after.[315]Douglas's Peerage, p. 295.[316]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 327.[317]Gibbon's Introd. ad Latinam Blazoniam. See also Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 316.[318]Crawfurd's Peerage.[319]Ibid.[320]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 217.[321]Crawfurd's Peerage.[322]System of Heraldry, p. 154.[323]Drake's Hist. Ang. Scot.[324]Buchanan's History, Book xiii. p. 26.[325]Holinshed's Chronicle.[326]Act v. Sc. iv.[327]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 154.[328]The traditional Family History of this Motto is, that a Countess of Rothes (then Head of the House in her own right), riding behind a servant through a dangerous ford, had nearly lost her seat from fear; when the man, encouraging her by the words "Gryp Fast," the Countess took the advice, was rescued from imminent danger, and her life preserved. This account of the origin of the Motto was given by one of the Family to a Friend of mine; but how far it may gain credit I do not determine.[329]Nisbet's Heraldry, vol. i. p. 96.[330]Nisbet's Heraldry, vol. I. ubi supra.[331]Nisbet's Cadencies, pp. 158, 159.[332]See Nisbet's Heraldry.[333]I owe this observation to my noble Friend, and kind Correspondent, Lord Dacre.[334]SoDouglasmeans White Man. See "Armories."[335]Douglas, p. 373.[336]Merchant of Venice[337]He cites Lib. S. Mariæ Aborum.[338]Survey of London and Westminster, book i.[339]Orig. Ital.[340]Appendix to Menage, Orig. Fr.[341]Chariot—v. Carruca in Du Cange. Used in France at the end of the Reign of Francis I. and Henry II[342]Richelet.[343]Memoirs of the House of Brandenburg, p. 222.[344]Memoirs, p. 221.[345]Nichols's Preface to Queen Elizabeth's Progresses, p. xxiii.[346]Camden's Elizabeth.[347]Biographical History of England, I. 193, 8vo.[348]Chronicle, p. 867. This Coachman's Wife had also the honour of introducing the Art of Starching Cambric and Lawn, and was the first Starcher the Queen had. Idem in eod.[349]I must here stop a moment to relate an Anecdote of the late Right Honourable Arthur Onslow, when Speaker of the House of Commons, whose ideas of travelling did not exceed the expedition of a pair of horses tugging his own lumbering State Coach. King George II. died on Saturday morning early, October 25, 1760. The Duke of Devonshire (then at Chatsworth) was Lord Chamberlain; and the Duke of Rutland (then at Belvoir Castle) was Lord Steward. Expresses were dispatched to these great Officers, among others, immediately; and the Duke of Devonshire arrived in Town on the Monday evening, though the distance was 150 miles. Tuesday and Wednesday came, but without the Lord Steward, to the utter astonishment of the Speaker, who knew that his distance from the Metropolis was not so great as that of the Duke of Devonshire, who had arrived on the Monday. "But I am told," cried he, "that his Grace of Devonshire travels at a prodigious rate; not less than50 miles a day!" Such was the prejudice of ideas, confirmed by long habitude, in a man who never extended his journeys further than his Seat in Surrey, a few miles from London; and in Parliament time did little more than oscillate between his Town House and the House of Commons.—It was a misconception on the part of the Duke of Rutland, who understood that the King of Prussia was dead, and not King George II. I mention the circumstance, only to shew the ignorance of some parts of mankind, when taken out of their routine.—The Duke of Devonshire at that time usually ran to or from Chatsworth in about 18 or 20 hours.[350]See the French Lexicographers.[351]Northumberland Household Book, p. 127.[352]The Romaunt of the Rose.[353]Love's Labour's Lost, Act ii. Sc. 2.[354]Mortimer's Pocket Dictionary.[355]About the same period that our Hackney Coaches became in use, a sort of Carriage arose at Paris under the name of aFiacre. I mention them to account for the term, which in the common French Dictionaries is simply rendered a Hackney Coach.[356]Voc.Fiacre. See also Menage, Orig. de la Langue Françoise.[357]English Martyrology. Moreri's Dictionary. Collyer. St. Fiacre was the Patron Saint of persons afflicted with thePiles. "The Troops of Henry V. are said to have pillaged the Chapel of the Highland Saint; who, in revenge, assisted his Countrymen in the French Service to defeat the English at Bauge; and afterwards afflicted Henry with thePiles, of which he died. This Prince complained, that he was not only plagued by the living Scots, but even persecuted by those who were dead." Smollett's Travels, Letter IV.N. B. There was a Prelate of the nameFiachrein Ireland, whose death is remembered there on the 8th of February. He lived about the same time. [British Piety, in the Supplement]. He was not a Saint.[358]It is a little singular, that neither Cotgrave himself, in his Dictionary, first published in 1611, nor his Editor, James Howell, either in his Edition of 1650, or in that of 1673, take any notice of the wordFiacrein the sense before us.[359]Anderson on Commerce, II. 20.[360]Rymer, tom. XIX. p. 721.[361]He was knighted, together with fourteen other Gentlemen of the Band, by King James, in Scotland, 1617; as appears from a Catalogue of Knights, published by J. P. Esq. 1660.[362]Rymer, tom. XIX. p. 572.[363]Mr. Reed, the Editor of the Old Plays [2d Edit. 1780], from the above account, must therefore certainly be in an error, when he supposes thatSedan Chairswere the introduction of the Duke of Buckingham, about the year 1619. [See Note to vol. V. p. 475.]Sedan—mentioned by the name only in the Life of Dr. Thomas Fuller, 1661, 18mo. p. 57.[364]Rymer, tom. XX. fol. 159.[365]Anderson saysthree hundred, but that must be an error; for the Docquet of the Act in Scobel says, that "the number of persons keeping Hackney Coaches shall not at one time exceedtwo hundred." This must apply to the number of Carriages; and so Sir William Blackstone understood it. Commentaries, vol. I, 4to.[366]See the Act in the Statute Book.[367]Anderson, II. 115. Journals of the House of Commons. Blackstone.[368]By Monthly Payments.[369]The Figures of the Chairs are too small and inconspicuous; there should be one both on the outside and inside of each.[370]By Quarterly Payments. Thus the Power of the Commissioners over the Chairs arose before that over the Coaches.[371]Some Lawsuits having arisen from this Clause, it was explained by a short Act of the 12th year of the Queen (1713), subjecting suchWidowsto the same Rules, Penalties, &c. made, or to be made, as any acting Chairman. And thus it continues to this day; for the owner of aFigure, as it is called, is answerable for certain faults of his or her assignee.
[221]A corruption of Burghwash, a little Village in Sussex, on the River Rother. See Camden's Brit.
[221]A corruption of Burghwash, a little Village in Sussex, on the River Rother. See Camden's Brit.
[222]The Ancestor of this Family was Thomas Wentworth,Earl of Cleveland;which Title became extinct, for want of Male Issue, 1667. The Barony passed as above.
[222]The Ancestor of this Family was Thomas Wentworth,Earl of Cleveland;which Title became extinct, for want of Male Issue, 1667. The Barony passed as above.
[223]See Collins's Baronage, i. 267, 272.
[223]See Collins's Baronage, i. 267, 272.
[224]See Camden's Britannia, col. 112.
[224]See Camden's Britannia, col. 112.
[225]See Camden, for the words of the Patent.
[225]See Camden, for the words of the Patent.
[226]Clendon is the Seat of the Family in Surrey.
[226]Clendon is the Seat of the Family in Surrey.
[227]See Camden's Brit. col. 182, as to the Family.
[227]See Camden's Brit. col. 182, as to the Family.
[228]Dale's Catalogue of the Nobility, 1697, p. 72.
[228]Dale's Catalogue of the Nobility, 1697, p. 72.
[229]Pennant's London, fourth edition, p. 346.
[229]Pennant's London, fourth edition, p. 346.
[230]Pennant's Tour in North Wales, vol. II. p. 436.
[230]Pennant's Tour in North Wales, vol. II. p. 436.
[231]The Barony of Herbert of Cherbury was revived in this Branch in 1743.
[231]The Barony of Herbert of Cherbury was revived in this Branch in 1743.
[232]Collins's Peerage.
[232]Collins's Peerage.
[233]Tour in North Wales, vol. II. p. 439, 4to.
[233]Tour in North Wales, vol. II. p. 439, 4to.
[234]Pennant's Journey from Chester to London, 4to, 1782, p. 127.
[234]Pennant's Journey from Chester to London, 4to, 1782, p. 127.
[235]The Marquisate of Dorchester, which was in the late Dukes of Kingston, was from Dorchester, Dorset.
[235]The Marquisate of Dorchester, which was in the late Dukes of Kingston, was from Dorchester, Dorset.
[236]Sir Michael Stanhope, of Harington in Northamptonshire, was the common Ancestor of the Earls of Chesterfield and of Harrington; as also of Earl Stanhope.
[236]Sir Michael Stanhope, of Harington in Northamptonshire, was the common Ancestor of the Earls of Chesterfield and of Harrington; as also of Earl Stanhope.
[237]At Petersham was a Villa belonging to the Earl of Rochester, which was burnt down in 1721; after which the Earl of Harrington possessed and took it for his second Title in 1742.
[237]At Petersham was a Villa belonging to the Earl of Rochester, which was burnt down in 1721; after which the Earl of Harrington possessed and took it for his second Title in 1742.
[238]Camden, col. 57.
[238]Camden, col. 57.
[239]Pennant's Journey from Chester, 1782, p. 19.
[239]Pennant's Journey from Chester, 1782, p. 19.
[240]Pennant's Tour in North Wales, 1778, p. 125.
[240]Pennant's Tour in North Wales, 1778, p. 125.
[241]Collins's Peerage, 1779.
[241]Collins's Peerage, 1779.
[242]See Cavendish's Life of Wolsey. Collins's Collections.
[242]See Cavendish's Life of Wolsey. Collins's Collections.
[243]Bibl. Top. Brit. vol. VI. No XV. from D'Ewes's MS Journal in the British Museum.
[243]Bibl. Top. Brit. vol. VI. No XV. from D'Ewes's MS Journal in the British Museum.
[244]Kelham's Key to Domesday Book, p. 35.
[244]Kelham's Key to Domesday Book, p. 35.
[245]Vincent on Brooke.
[245]Vincent on Brooke.
[246]Camden's Britannia, col. 85.
[246]Camden's Britannia, col. 85.
[247]Ibid. col. 21.
[247]Ibid. col. 21.
[248]Pennant's Journey from Chester, p. 129.
[248]Pennant's Journey from Chester, p. 129.
[249]Camden's Britannia, col. 72.
[249]Camden's Britannia, col. 72.
[250]Collins, in his Peerage 1735, says, thatHamlakeis the same asHemsleyin Yorkshire (North Riding).
[250]Collins, in his Peerage 1735, says, thatHamlakeis the same asHemsleyin Yorkshire (North Riding).
[251]See Camden's Britannia, col. 315.
[251]See Camden's Britannia, col. 315.
[252]There were two Barons of this Title existing at the same time;viz.Lord Dacre of the North, and Lord Dacre of the South. Both at length centered in Barrett-Leonard Lord Dacre.
[252]There were two Barons of this Title existing at the same time;viz.Lord Dacre of the North, and Lord Dacre of the South. Both at length centered in Barrett-Leonard Lord Dacre.
[253]See Camden's Britannia, col. 14.
[253]See Camden's Britannia, col. 14.
[254]On the death of Francis Earl of Godolphin, 1766, the Barony devolved to Francis, his first cousin; and on his death, in 1785, became extinct.
[254]On the death of Francis Earl of Godolphin, 1766, the Barony devolved to Francis, his first cousin; and on his death, in 1785, became extinct.
[255]See Peerage, 1711, vol. II.
[255]See Peerage, 1711, vol. II.
[256]For other circumstances see Mr. Pennant's Tour in North Wales, vol. I. p. 105; and vol. II. p. 187, in the corrections and additions to vol. I.
[256]For other circumstances see Mr. Pennant's Tour in North Wales, vol. I. p. 105; and vol. II. p. 187, in the corrections and additions to vol. I.
[257]The Barony was conferred upon Sir Thomas Egerton by Creation in 1784, notwithstanding his claim by Descent.—His Lordship was in 1801 advanced to the Titles of Viscount Grey de Wilton, and Earl of Wilton.
[257]The Barony was conferred upon Sir Thomas Egerton by Creation in 1784, notwithstanding his claim by Descent.—His Lordship was in 1801 advanced to the Titles of Viscount Grey de Wilton, and Earl of Wilton.
[258]See Tanner's Notitia.—The name is writtenRidvers, aliasRedvers, in Camden's Brit. col. 156.
[258]See Tanner's Notitia.—The name is writtenRidvers, aliasRedvers, in Camden's Brit. col. 156.
[259]East-Bourne Guide, p. 73.
[259]East-Bourne Guide, p. 73.
[260]The Baroness had taken the Name and Arms of De Cardonel on the death of her Mother in 1787. The Barony of Talbot, on the Earl's death, passed to his Nephew, though the Earldom became extinct, but was afterwards revived.
[260]The Baroness had taken the Name and Arms of De Cardonel on the death of her Mother in 1787. The Barony of Talbot, on the Earl's death, passed to his Nephew, though the Earldom became extinct, but was afterwards revived.
[261]See Collins's Collections.
[261]See Collins's Collections.
[262]Consult Sandford, &c. for his Armorial Bearings.
[262]Consult Sandford, &c. for his Armorial Bearings.
[263]Stowe's History of London, Book iii. p. 239.
[263]Stowe's History of London, Book iii. p. 239.
[264]By William Sacheverell, Esq. late Governor of the Island, printed at London, 1702.
[264]By William Sacheverell, Esq. late Governor of the Island, printed at London, 1702.
[265]i. e.Two Falcons. Dugdale's Baronage.
[265]i. e.Two Falcons. Dugdale's Baronage.
[266]Baronage, vol. II. p. 257.
[266]Baronage, vol. II. p. 257.
[267]Brady's History of England, General Preface, p. 50.
[267]Brady's History of England, General Preface, p. 50.
[268]Brady's Preface to the Norman History, p. 150.
[268]Brady's Preface to the Norman History, p. 150.
[269]See Blount's Dict.
[269]See Blount's Dict.
[270]Brady's Hist. p. 415.
[270]Brady's Hist. p. 415.
[271]Sacheverell's History of the Island, p. 2.
[271]Sacheverell's History of the Island, p. 2.
[272]Manwood's Forest Laws.
[272]Manwood's Forest Laws.
[273]Pennant's Tour, p. 158.
[273]Pennant's Tour, p. 158.
[274]Ibid. p. 124.
[274]Ibid. p. 124.
[275]Hasted's History of Kent.
[275]Hasted's History of Kent.
[276]Ex inform. Dom. Gul. Fitzherbert, Baronetti.
[276]Ex inform. Dom. Gul. Fitzherbert, Baronetti.
[277]Itinerary, VI. 52.
[277]Itinerary, VI. 52.
[278]Britannia, col. 35.
[278]Britannia, col. 35.
[279]See Collins's Peerage, 1779, art.Lovel and Holland.
[279]See Collins's Peerage, 1779, art.Lovel and Holland.
[280]So Shakspeare has it.
[280]So Shakspeare has it.
[281]For both the places see Spelman's Villare.
[281]For both the places see Spelman's Villare.
[282]The Glossary to Douglas's Virgil adduces the Term from the Anglo-SaxonSlegan, interficere.
[282]The Glossary to Douglas's Virgil adduces the Term from the Anglo-SaxonSlegan, interficere.
[283]Nisbet's Cadencies, p. 178.
[283]Nisbet's Cadencies, p. 178.
[284]Idem, p, 208.
[284]Idem, p, 208.
[285]Nisbet, Armories, p. 199.
[285]Nisbet, Armories, p. 199.
[286]Nisbet, Armories, p. 203.
[286]Nisbet, Armories, p. 203.
[287]Douglas's Peerage, p. 547. The Scottish Writers give different Derivations of the Name of Drummond, not to our present purpose; though all seem to agree as to the reason of the Armorial Bearing of the Family. See the Works of Drummond of Hawthornden.
[287]Douglas's Peerage, p. 547. The Scottish Writers give different Derivations of the Name of Drummond, not to our present purpose; though all seem to agree as to the reason of the Armorial Bearing of the Family. See the Works of Drummond of Hawthornden.
[288]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 191.
[288]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 191.
[289]Ibid. p. 200.
[289]Ibid. p. 200.
[290]Nisbet, p. 147. See also Hume's History, ch. xiii.
[290]Nisbet, p. 147. See also Hume's History, ch. xiii.
[291]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 33.
[291]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 33.
[292]Cadencies, p. 196.
[292]Cadencies, p. 196.
[293]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 202.
[293]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 202.
[294]Idem, p. 203.
[294]Idem, p. 203.
[295]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 196.
[295]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 196.
[296]See Nisbet's Armories.
[296]See Nisbet's Armories.
[297]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 195.
[297]Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 195.
[298]Marks of Cadency, p. 199.
[298]Marks of Cadency, p. 199.
[299]Nisbet's Cadencies, pp. 91, 92.
[299]Nisbet's Cadencies, pp. 91, 92.
[300]This Bearing is of late introduction, as alluding to the Name; for those of the Name anciently gave for Arms "Gules, a Fess Ermine;" and another Branch gave "Argent, Three Stags' Heads erased Gules." [Nisbet]. Crawfurd of Cloverhill has a still stronger relation both to the Name and to his Seat; for to the original Bearing he adds Three Crows; for Crest has a Garb (or Wheatsheaf); and for Motto, "God feeds the Crows." Id. p. 57.—Like the Motto of our Corbet, "Deus pascit Corvos."
[300]This Bearing is of late introduction, as alluding to the Name; for those of the Name anciently gave for Arms "Gules, a Fess Ermine;" and another Branch gave "Argent, Three Stags' Heads erased Gules." [Nisbet]. Crawfurd of Cloverhill has a still stronger relation both to the Name and to his Seat; for to the original Bearing he adds Three Crows; for Crest has a Garb (or Wheatsheaf); and for Motto, "God feeds the Crows." Id. p. 57.—Like the Motto of our Corbet, "Deus pascit Corvos."
[301]Buchanan.
[301]Buchanan.
[302]See Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 138.
[302]See Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 138.
[303]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 414, 415.
[303]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 414, 415.
[304]See Memoirs of Ker of Kersland.
[304]See Memoirs of Ker of Kersland.
[305]Becket's Murderers were Four Barons, and Knights, no doubt, of course;viz.Reginald Fitz-Urse, William de Tracy, Hugh de Morville, and Richard Breto. [Consult Lord Lyttelton and his Authorities.]
[305]Becket's Murderers were Four Barons, and Knights, no doubt, of course;viz.Reginald Fitz-Urse, William de Tracy, Hugh de Morville, and Richard Breto. [Consult Lord Lyttelton and his Authorities.]
[306]Peerage of Scotland, 1767, octavo.
[306]Peerage of Scotland, 1767, octavo.
[307]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 146.
[307]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 146.
[308]Crawfurd's Peerage, in Duke of Hamilton. Buchanan, vol. I. p. 332, 333. Dr. Abercrombie, however, gives us reasons to doubt that this was the first introduction of the name of Hamilton into Scotland: though that is not material, if it was the occasion which introduced theMotto. This has no apparent connexion with the Crest or Arms, and is therefore, more conclusive. Query as to the Crest?
[308]Crawfurd's Peerage, in Duke of Hamilton. Buchanan, vol. I. p. 332, 333. Dr. Abercrombie, however, gives us reasons to doubt that this was the first introduction of the name of Hamilton into Scotland: though that is not material, if it was the occasion which introduced theMotto. This has no apparent connexion with the Crest or Arms, and is therefore, more conclusive. Query as to the Crest?
[309]Crawfurd's Peerage.
[309]Crawfurd's Peerage.
[310]Nisbet's Cadencies, p. 192. See also Douglas's Peerage.
[310]Nisbet's Cadencies, p. 192. See also Douglas's Peerage.
[311]Douglas's Peerage, in the Arms.
[311]Douglas's Peerage, in the Arms.
[312]Nisbet's Heraldry, vol. I. p. 145.
[312]Nisbet's Heraldry, vol. I. p. 145.
[313]Nisbet's Heraldry.
[313]Nisbet's Heraldry.
[314]In rude times, such as those were of which we have been speaking, it was accounted an action of no small valour to kill so fierce an animal as aWild Boar; being attended with considerable personal danger, for want of such weapons, offensive and defensive, as we have at present. On this account I may be excused bringing forward a parallel honour attending a circumstance of this sort, though I fetch it from the Hottentots, a people to whose very name we seem to have falsely annexed ideas, far from the truth, of every thing below the dignity of human nature, and placed them but one degree above the brute creation. On the contrary, they are represented by Kolben, who had opportunities of personal intercourse with them, and was well qualified to observe and reason upon what he saw, as a people much wronged by our unfavourable opinions of them. But to the point: their country appears to be, from its situation, exceedingly exposed to the incursions of the fiercest of beasts, lions and tigers; insomuch that a Hottentot who kills one of these animals with his own hand isdeified, and his person held sacred ever after.
[314]In rude times, such as those were of which we have been speaking, it was accounted an action of no small valour to kill so fierce an animal as aWild Boar; being attended with considerable personal danger, for want of such weapons, offensive and defensive, as we have at present. On this account I may be excused bringing forward a parallel honour attending a circumstance of this sort, though I fetch it from the Hottentots, a people to whose very name we seem to have falsely annexed ideas, far from the truth, of every thing below the dignity of human nature, and placed them but one degree above the brute creation. On the contrary, they are represented by Kolben, who had opportunities of personal intercourse with them, and was well qualified to observe and reason upon what he saw, as a people much wronged by our unfavourable opinions of them. But to the point: their country appears to be, from its situation, exceedingly exposed to the incursions of the fiercest of beasts, lions and tigers; insomuch that a Hottentot who kills one of these animals with his own hand isdeified, and his person held sacred ever after.
[315]Douglas's Peerage, p. 295.
[315]Douglas's Peerage, p. 295.
[316]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 327.
[316]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 327.
[317]Gibbon's Introd. ad Latinam Blazoniam. See also Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 316.
[317]Gibbon's Introd. ad Latinam Blazoniam. See also Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 316.
[318]Crawfurd's Peerage.
[318]Crawfurd's Peerage.
[319]Ibid.
[319]Ibid.
[320]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 217.
[320]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 217.
[321]Crawfurd's Peerage.
[321]Crawfurd's Peerage.
[322]System of Heraldry, p. 154.
[322]System of Heraldry, p. 154.
[323]Drake's Hist. Ang. Scot.
[323]Drake's Hist. Ang. Scot.
[324]Buchanan's History, Book xiii. p. 26.
[324]Buchanan's History, Book xiii. p. 26.
[325]Holinshed's Chronicle.
[325]Holinshed's Chronicle.
[326]Act v. Sc. iv.
[326]Act v. Sc. iv.
[327]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 154.
[327]Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 154.
[328]The traditional Family History of this Motto is, that a Countess of Rothes (then Head of the House in her own right), riding behind a servant through a dangerous ford, had nearly lost her seat from fear; when the man, encouraging her by the words "Gryp Fast," the Countess took the advice, was rescued from imminent danger, and her life preserved. This account of the origin of the Motto was given by one of the Family to a Friend of mine; but how far it may gain credit I do not determine.
[328]The traditional Family History of this Motto is, that a Countess of Rothes (then Head of the House in her own right), riding behind a servant through a dangerous ford, had nearly lost her seat from fear; when the man, encouraging her by the words "Gryp Fast," the Countess took the advice, was rescued from imminent danger, and her life preserved. This account of the origin of the Motto was given by one of the Family to a Friend of mine; but how far it may gain credit I do not determine.
[329]Nisbet's Heraldry, vol. i. p. 96.
[329]Nisbet's Heraldry, vol. i. p. 96.
[330]Nisbet's Heraldry, vol. I. ubi supra.
[330]Nisbet's Heraldry, vol. I. ubi supra.
[331]Nisbet's Cadencies, pp. 158, 159.
[331]Nisbet's Cadencies, pp. 158, 159.
[332]See Nisbet's Heraldry.
[332]See Nisbet's Heraldry.
[333]I owe this observation to my noble Friend, and kind Correspondent, Lord Dacre.
[333]I owe this observation to my noble Friend, and kind Correspondent, Lord Dacre.
[334]SoDouglasmeans White Man. See "Armories."
[334]SoDouglasmeans White Man. See "Armories."
[335]Douglas, p. 373.
[335]Douglas, p. 373.
[336]Merchant of Venice
[336]Merchant of Venice
[337]He cites Lib. S. Mariæ Aborum.
[337]He cites Lib. S. Mariæ Aborum.
[338]Survey of London and Westminster, book i.
[338]Survey of London and Westminster, book i.
[339]Orig. Ital.
[339]Orig. Ital.
[340]Appendix to Menage, Orig. Fr.
[340]Appendix to Menage, Orig. Fr.
[341]Chariot—v. Carruca in Du Cange. Used in France at the end of the Reign of Francis I. and Henry II
[341]Chariot—v. Carruca in Du Cange. Used in France at the end of the Reign of Francis I. and Henry II
[342]Richelet.
[342]Richelet.
[343]Memoirs of the House of Brandenburg, p. 222.
[343]Memoirs of the House of Brandenburg, p. 222.
[344]Memoirs, p. 221.
[344]Memoirs, p. 221.
[345]Nichols's Preface to Queen Elizabeth's Progresses, p. xxiii.
[345]Nichols's Preface to Queen Elizabeth's Progresses, p. xxiii.
[346]Camden's Elizabeth.
[346]Camden's Elizabeth.
[347]Biographical History of England, I. 193, 8vo.
[347]Biographical History of England, I. 193, 8vo.
[348]Chronicle, p. 867. This Coachman's Wife had also the honour of introducing the Art of Starching Cambric and Lawn, and was the first Starcher the Queen had. Idem in eod.
[348]Chronicle, p. 867. This Coachman's Wife had also the honour of introducing the Art of Starching Cambric and Lawn, and was the first Starcher the Queen had. Idem in eod.
[349]I must here stop a moment to relate an Anecdote of the late Right Honourable Arthur Onslow, when Speaker of the House of Commons, whose ideas of travelling did not exceed the expedition of a pair of horses tugging his own lumbering State Coach. King George II. died on Saturday morning early, October 25, 1760. The Duke of Devonshire (then at Chatsworth) was Lord Chamberlain; and the Duke of Rutland (then at Belvoir Castle) was Lord Steward. Expresses were dispatched to these great Officers, among others, immediately; and the Duke of Devonshire arrived in Town on the Monday evening, though the distance was 150 miles. Tuesday and Wednesday came, but without the Lord Steward, to the utter astonishment of the Speaker, who knew that his distance from the Metropolis was not so great as that of the Duke of Devonshire, who had arrived on the Monday. "But I am told," cried he, "that his Grace of Devonshire travels at a prodigious rate; not less than50 miles a day!" Such was the prejudice of ideas, confirmed by long habitude, in a man who never extended his journeys further than his Seat in Surrey, a few miles from London; and in Parliament time did little more than oscillate between his Town House and the House of Commons.—It was a misconception on the part of the Duke of Rutland, who understood that the King of Prussia was dead, and not King George II. I mention the circumstance, only to shew the ignorance of some parts of mankind, when taken out of their routine.—The Duke of Devonshire at that time usually ran to or from Chatsworth in about 18 or 20 hours.
[349]I must here stop a moment to relate an Anecdote of the late Right Honourable Arthur Onslow, when Speaker of the House of Commons, whose ideas of travelling did not exceed the expedition of a pair of horses tugging his own lumbering State Coach. King George II. died on Saturday morning early, October 25, 1760. The Duke of Devonshire (then at Chatsworth) was Lord Chamberlain; and the Duke of Rutland (then at Belvoir Castle) was Lord Steward. Expresses were dispatched to these great Officers, among others, immediately; and the Duke of Devonshire arrived in Town on the Monday evening, though the distance was 150 miles. Tuesday and Wednesday came, but without the Lord Steward, to the utter astonishment of the Speaker, who knew that his distance from the Metropolis was not so great as that of the Duke of Devonshire, who had arrived on the Monday. "But I am told," cried he, "that his Grace of Devonshire travels at a prodigious rate; not less than50 miles a day!" Such was the prejudice of ideas, confirmed by long habitude, in a man who never extended his journeys further than his Seat in Surrey, a few miles from London; and in Parliament time did little more than oscillate between his Town House and the House of Commons.—It was a misconception on the part of the Duke of Rutland, who understood that the King of Prussia was dead, and not King George II. I mention the circumstance, only to shew the ignorance of some parts of mankind, when taken out of their routine.—The Duke of Devonshire at that time usually ran to or from Chatsworth in about 18 or 20 hours.
[350]See the French Lexicographers.
[350]See the French Lexicographers.
[351]Northumberland Household Book, p. 127.
[351]Northumberland Household Book, p. 127.
[352]The Romaunt of the Rose.
[352]The Romaunt of the Rose.
[353]Love's Labour's Lost, Act ii. Sc. 2.
[353]Love's Labour's Lost, Act ii. Sc. 2.
[354]Mortimer's Pocket Dictionary.
[354]Mortimer's Pocket Dictionary.
[355]About the same period that our Hackney Coaches became in use, a sort of Carriage arose at Paris under the name of aFiacre. I mention them to account for the term, which in the common French Dictionaries is simply rendered a Hackney Coach.
[355]About the same period that our Hackney Coaches became in use, a sort of Carriage arose at Paris under the name of aFiacre. I mention them to account for the term, which in the common French Dictionaries is simply rendered a Hackney Coach.
[356]Voc.Fiacre. See also Menage, Orig. de la Langue Françoise.
[356]Voc.Fiacre. See also Menage, Orig. de la Langue Françoise.
[357]English Martyrology. Moreri's Dictionary. Collyer. St. Fiacre was the Patron Saint of persons afflicted with thePiles. "The Troops of Henry V. are said to have pillaged the Chapel of the Highland Saint; who, in revenge, assisted his Countrymen in the French Service to defeat the English at Bauge; and afterwards afflicted Henry with thePiles, of which he died. This Prince complained, that he was not only plagued by the living Scots, but even persecuted by those who were dead." Smollett's Travels, Letter IV.N. B. There was a Prelate of the nameFiachrein Ireland, whose death is remembered there on the 8th of February. He lived about the same time. [British Piety, in the Supplement]. He was not a Saint.
[357]English Martyrology. Moreri's Dictionary. Collyer. St. Fiacre was the Patron Saint of persons afflicted with thePiles. "The Troops of Henry V. are said to have pillaged the Chapel of the Highland Saint; who, in revenge, assisted his Countrymen in the French Service to defeat the English at Bauge; and afterwards afflicted Henry with thePiles, of which he died. This Prince complained, that he was not only plagued by the living Scots, but even persecuted by those who were dead." Smollett's Travels, Letter IV.
N. B. There was a Prelate of the nameFiachrein Ireland, whose death is remembered there on the 8th of February. He lived about the same time. [British Piety, in the Supplement]. He was not a Saint.
[358]It is a little singular, that neither Cotgrave himself, in his Dictionary, first published in 1611, nor his Editor, James Howell, either in his Edition of 1650, or in that of 1673, take any notice of the wordFiacrein the sense before us.
[358]It is a little singular, that neither Cotgrave himself, in his Dictionary, first published in 1611, nor his Editor, James Howell, either in his Edition of 1650, or in that of 1673, take any notice of the wordFiacrein the sense before us.
[359]Anderson on Commerce, II. 20.
[359]Anderson on Commerce, II. 20.
[360]Rymer, tom. XIX. p. 721.
[360]Rymer, tom. XIX. p. 721.
[361]He was knighted, together with fourteen other Gentlemen of the Band, by King James, in Scotland, 1617; as appears from a Catalogue of Knights, published by J. P. Esq. 1660.
[361]He was knighted, together with fourteen other Gentlemen of the Band, by King James, in Scotland, 1617; as appears from a Catalogue of Knights, published by J. P. Esq. 1660.
[362]Rymer, tom. XIX. p. 572.
[362]Rymer, tom. XIX. p. 572.
[363]Mr. Reed, the Editor of the Old Plays [2d Edit. 1780], from the above account, must therefore certainly be in an error, when he supposes thatSedan Chairswere the introduction of the Duke of Buckingham, about the year 1619. [See Note to vol. V. p. 475.]Sedan—mentioned by the name only in the Life of Dr. Thomas Fuller, 1661, 18mo. p. 57.
[363]Mr. Reed, the Editor of the Old Plays [2d Edit. 1780], from the above account, must therefore certainly be in an error, when he supposes thatSedan Chairswere the introduction of the Duke of Buckingham, about the year 1619. [See Note to vol. V. p. 475.]Sedan—mentioned by the name only in the Life of Dr. Thomas Fuller, 1661, 18mo. p. 57.
[364]Rymer, tom. XX. fol. 159.
[364]Rymer, tom. XX. fol. 159.
[365]Anderson saysthree hundred, but that must be an error; for the Docquet of the Act in Scobel says, that "the number of persons keeping Hackney Coaches shall not at one time exceedtwo hundred." This must apply to the number of Carriages; and so Sir William Blackstone understood it. Commentaries, vol. I, 4to.
[365]Anderson saysthree hundred, but that must be an error; for the Docquet of the Act in Scobel says, that "the number of persons keeping Hackney Coaches shall not at one time exceedtwo hundred." This must apply to the number of Carriages; and so Sir William Blackstone understood it. Commentaries, vol. I, 4to.
[366]See the Act in the Statute Book.
[366]See the Act in the Statute Book.
[367]Anderson, II. 115. Journals of the House of Commons. Blackstone.
[367]Anderson, II. 115. Journals of the House of Commons. Blackstone.
[368]By Monthly Payments.
[368]By Monthly Payments.
[369]The Figures of the Chairs are too small and inconspicuous; there should be one both on the outside and inside of each.
[369]The Figures of the Chairs are too small and inconspicuous; there should be one both on the outside and inside of each.
[370]By Quarterly Payments. Thus the Power of the Commissioners over the Chairs arose before that over the Coaches.
[370]By Quarterly Payments. Thus the Power of the Commissioners over the Chairs arose before that over the Coaches.
[371]Some Lawsuits having arisen from this Clause, it was explained by a short Act of the 12th year of the Queen (1713), subjecting suchWidowsto the same Rules, Penalties, &c. made, or to be made, as any acting Chairman. And thus it continues to this day; for the owner of aFigure, as it is called, is answerable for certain faults of his or her assignee.
[371]Some Lawsuits having arisen from this Clause, it was explained by a short Act of the 12th year of the Queen (1713), subjecting suchWidowsto the same Rules, Penalties, &c. made, or to be made, as any acting Chairman. And thus it continues to this day; for the owner of aFigure, as it is called, is answerable for certain faults of his or her assignee.