Chapter 6

“1741, Dec. 9. Married Robert Thyer to Silence Leigh.”—St. Ann, Manchester.

The mother of Silence Leigh, who was a widow when she married, was Silence Beswicke (“Memorials of St. Ann, Manchester,” p. 55).[43]The name is found again in the register of Youlgreave Church, Derbyshire (Notes and Queries, Feb. 17, 1877). Curiously enough, we find Camden omitting Silence as a female name of his day, but inserting Tace. In his list of feminine baptismal names, compiled in 1614 (“Remaines,” p. 89), he has

“Tace—Be silent—a fit name to admonish that sex of silence.”

Here, then, is another instance of a Latin name translated into English. I have lighted on a case proving the antiquary’s veracity:

“Here lieth the body of Tacey, the wife of George Can, of Brockwear, who departed this life 22 day of Feb., An. Dom. 1715, aged 32 years.”—Hewelsfield, Glouc.

Tace must have lasted a century, therefore. Silence may be set down to some old Puritan stickler for the admonition of Saint Paul: “Let the woman learn in silence, with all subjection” (1 Tim. ii. 11).

The Epistle to the Romans was a never-failing well-spring to the earnest Puritan, and one passage was much applied to his present condition:

“Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ: by whom also we have access by faith unto this grace wherein we stand, and rejoice in hope of the glory of God. And not only so, but we glory in tribulations also: knowing that tribulation worketh patience; and patience, experience; and experience, hope: and hope maketh not ashamed.”—v. 1-5.

There is scarcely a word in this passage that is not inscribed on our registers between 1575 and 1595. Faith, Grace, and Hope have already been mentioned;[44]Camden testified to the existence of Tribulation in 1614; Rejoice was very familiar; Patience, of course, was common:

“1592, July 7. Buried Patience Birche.”—Cant. Cath.“1596, Oct. 3. Baptized Pacience, daughter of Martin Tome.”—St. Columb Major.“1599, April 23. Baptized Patience, d. of John Harmer.”—Warbleton.

“1592, July 7. Buried Patience Birche.”—Cant. Cath.

“1596, Oct. 3. Baptized Pacience, daughter of Martin Tome.”—St. Columb Major.

“1599, April 23. Baptized Patience, d. of John Harmer.”—Warbleton.

EvenExperienceis found—a strange title for an infant.

“The Rev. Experience Mayhew, A.M., born Feb. 5, 1673; died of an apoplexy, Nov. 9, 1758.”

So ran the epitaph of a missionary (vide Pulpit, Dec. 6, 1827) to the Vineyard Island. It had been handed on to him, no doubt, from some grandfather or grandmother of Elizabeth’s closing days.

A late instance ofDiligenceoccurs in St. Peter, Cornhill:

“1724, Nov. 1. Buried Diligence Constant.”

Obedience had a good run, and began very early:

“1573, Sep. 20. Bapt. Obedience, dather of Thomas Garding.“1586, Aug. 28. Bapt. Obedyence, dather of Richard Ellis.”—Warbleton.“1697, April 30. Bapt. Robert, son of James and Obedience Clark.”—St. James, Picadilly.

“1573, Sep. 20. Bapt. Obedience, dather of Thomas Garding.

“1586, Aug. 28. Bapt. Obedyence, dather of Richard Ellis.”—Warbleton.

“1697, April 30. Bapt. Robert, son of James and Obedience Clark.”—St. James, Picadilly.

Obedience Robins is the name of a testator in 1709 (Wills: Archdeaconry of London), while the following epitaph speaks for itself:

“Obedience Newitt, wife of Thomas Newitt, died in 1617, aged 32.“Her name and nature did accord,Obedient was she to her Lord.”—Burwash, Sussex.

“Obedience Newitt, wife of Thomas Newitt, died in 1617, aged 32.

“Her name and nature did accord,Obedient was she to her Lord.”—Burwash, Sussex.

“Add to your faith, virtue,” says the Apostle. As a name this grace was late in the field:

“1687, May 25. Married Virtue Radford and Susannah Wright.”—West. Abbey.“1704, Oct. 20. Buried Virtue, wife of John Higgison.”—Marshfield, Glouc.“1709, May 6. Buried Vertue Page.”—Finchley.

“1687, May 25. Married Virtue Radford and Susannah Wright.”—West. Abbey.

“1704, Oct. 20. Buried Virtue, wife of John Higgison.”—Marshfield, Glouc.

“1709, May 6. Buried Vertue Page.”—Finchley.

Confidence and Victory were evidently favourites:

“1587, Jan. 8. Baptized Confydence, d. of Roger Elliard.”—Warbleton.“1770, Nov. 17, died Confidence, wife of John Thomas, aged 61 years.”—Bulley, Glouc.“1587, Feb. 8. Buryed Vyctorye Buttres.”—Elham, Kent.“1618, Dec. 9. Buryed Victorye Lussendine.”—Ditto.“1696, May 17. Bapt. Victory, d. of Joseph Gibbs.”—St. Dionis Backchurch.

“1587, Jan. 8. Baptized Confydence, d. of Roger Elliard.”—Warbleton.

“1770, Nov. 17, died Confidence, wife of John Thomas, aged 61 years.”—Bulley, Glouc.

“1587, Feb. 8. Buryed Vyctorye Buttres.”—Elham, Kent.

“1618, Dec. 9. Buryed Victorye Lussendine.”—Ditto.

“1696, May 17. Bapt. Victory, d. of Joseph Gibbs.”—St. Dionis Backchurch.

Perseverancewent out with the emigrants to New England, but I do not find any instance in the home registers.Felicityappeared in one of our law courts last year, so it cannot be said to be extinct; but there is a touch of irony in the first of the following examples:—

“1604-5, March 15. Baptized Felicity, d. of John Barnes, vagarant.”—Stepney.“1590, July 5. Baptized Felycyte Harris.”—Cranbrook.

“1604-5, March 15. Baptized Felicity, d. of John Barnes, vagarant.”—Stepney.

“1590, July 5. Baptized Felycyte Harris.”—Cranbrook.

Comforthas a pleasant atmosphere about it, and many a parent was tempted to the use of it. It lingered longer than many of its rivals. Comfort Farren’s epitaph may be seen on the floor of Tewkesbury Abbey:

“Comfort, wife of Abraham Farren, gent., of this Corporation, died August 24, 1720.”

Again, in Dymock Church we find:

“Comfort, wife to William Davis, died 14 June, 1775, aged 78 years.“Comfort, their daughter, died 9 Feb., 1760, aged 24 years.”

“Comfort, wife to William Davis, died 14 June, 1775, aged 78 years.

“Comfort, their daughter, died 9 Feb., 1760, aged 24 years.”

Nearly 150 years before this, however, ComfortStarr was a name not unknown to the more heated zealots of the Puritan party. He was a native of Ashford, in Kent, and after various restless shiftings as a minister, Carlisle being his head-quarters for a time, went to New Plymouth in theMayflower, in 1620. There he became fellow of Harvard College, but returned to England eventually, and died at Lewes in his eighty-seventh year.

Perhaps the most interesting and popular of the grace names was “Repentance.” In a “new interlude” of the Reformation, entitled the “Life and Repentance of Marie Magdalene,” and published in 1567, one of the chief characters was “Repentance.” At the same time Repentance came into font use, and, odd as it may sound, bade fair to become a permanently recognized name in England:

“1583, Dec. 8. Married William Arnolde and Repentance Pownoll.”—Cant. Cath.“1587, Oct. 22. Baptized Repentance, dather of George Aysherst.”—Warbleton.“1588, June 30. Baptized Repentance Water.”—Cranbrook.“1597, Aug. 4. Baptized Repentance, daughter of Robert Benham, of Lymhouse.”—Stepney.“1612, March 26. Baptized Repentance Wrathe.”—Elham, Kent.“1688, Dec. 23. Bapt. Repentance, son of Thomas and Mercy Tompson.”—St. James, Piccadilly.

“1583, Dec. 8. Married William Arnolde and Repentance Pownoll.”—Cant. Cath.

“1587, Oct. 22. Baptized Repentance, dather of George Aysherst.”—Warbleton.

“1588, June 30. Baptized Repentance Water.”—Cranbrook.

“1597, Aug. 4. Baptized Repentance, daughter of Robert Benham, of Lymhouse.”—Stepney.

“1612, March 26. Baptized Repentance Wrathe.”—Elham, Kent.

“1688, Dec. 23. Bapt. Repentance, son of Thomas and Mercy Tompson.”—St. James, Piccadilly.

In the “Sussex Archæological Collections” (xvii.148) is found recorded the case of Repentance Hastings, deputy portreeve of Seaford, who in 1643 was convicted of hiding some wreckage:

“Repentance Hastings, 1 load, 1 cask, 2 pieces of royals.”

Evidently his repentance began too early in life to be lasting; but infant piety could not be expected to resist the hardening influence of such a name as this.[45]

Humiliationwas a big word, and that alone must have been in its favour:

“1629, Jan. 24. Married Humiliation Hinde and Elizabeth Phillips by banes.”—St. Peter, Cornhill.

Humiliation, being proud of his name, determined to retain it in the family—for he had one—but as he had began to worship at St. Dionis Backchurch, the entries of baptism lie there, the spelling of his surname being slightly altered:

“1630, Nov. 18. Baptized Humiliation, son of Humiliation Hyne.”

This son died March 11, 1631-2. Humiliationpère, however, did not sorrow without hope, for in a few years he again brings a son to the parson:

“1637-8, Jan. 21. Baptized Humiliation, son of Humiliation Hinde.”

Humility is preferable to Humiliation. Humility Cooper was one of a freight of passengers in theMayflower, who, in 1620, sought a home in the West. A few years afterwards Humility Hobbs followed him (Hotten, “Emigrants,” p. 426):

“1596, March 13. Baptized Humilitye, sonne of Wylliam Jones.”—Warbleton.“1688, May 5. Buried Humility, wife of Humphey Paget.”—Peckleton, Leic.

“1596, March 13. Baptized Humilitye, sonne of Wylliam Jones.”—Warbleton.

“1688, May 5. Buried Humility, wife of Humphey Paget.”—Peckleton, Leic.

Had it not been for Charles Dickens, Humble would not have appeared objectionable:

“1666-1667, Jan. 29. Petition of Dame Frances, wife of Humble Ward, Lord Ward, Baron, of Birmingham.”[46]—C. S. P.

All Saints, Leicester, records another saintly grace:

“Here lieth the body of Abstinence Pougher, Esq., who died Sept. 5, 1741, aged 62 years.”

In some cases we find the infant represented, not by a grace-name, but as in a state of grace. Every register contains one or two Godlies:

“1579, July 24. Baptized Godlye, d. of Richard Fauterell.”—Warbleton.“1611, May 1. Baptized Godly, d. of Henry Gray, and Joane his wife. Joane Standmer and Godly Gotherd, sureties.”—South Bersted, Sussex.“1619, Nov. Baptized Godly, d. of Thomas Edwardes, of Poplar.”—Stepney.“1632, Oct. 30. Married John Wafforde to Godly Spicer.”—Cant. Cath.

“1579, July 24. Baptized Godlye, d. of Richard Fauterell.”—Warbleton.

“1611, May 1. Baptized Godly, d. of Henry Gray, and Joane his wife. Joane Standmer and Godly Gotherd, sureties.”—South Bersted, Sussex.

“1619, Nov. Baptized Godly, d. of Thomas Edwardes, of Poplar.”—Stepney.

“1632, Oct. 30. Married John Wafforde to Godly Spicer.”—Cant. Cath.

Gracious is as objectionable as Godly. Gracious Owen was President of St. John’s College, Oxford, during the decade 1650-1660.

“Oct. 24, 1661. Examination of Gracious Franklin: Joshua Jones, minister at the Red Lion, Fleet Street, told him that he heard there were 3000 men about the city maintained by Presbyterian ministers.”—C. S. P.

Lively, we may presume, referred to spiritual manifestations. A curious combination of font name and patronymic is obtained in Lively Moody, D.D., of St. John’s College, Cambridge, 1682 (Wood’s “Fasti Oxonienses”). Exactly one hundred years later the name is met with again:

“1782, July 3. Lively Clarke of this town, sadler, aged 60.”—Berkeley, Gloucester.

At Warbleton, where the Puritan Heley ministered, it seems to have been found wearisome to be continually christening children by the names of Repent and Repentance, so a variation was made in the form of “Sorry-for-sin:”

“1589, Jan 25. Baptized Sory-for-sine, the dather of John Coupard.”

The following is curious:

“Thomas Luxford, of Windmill Hill, died Feb. 24, 1739, aged 72 years. He was grandson of Thomas Luxford, of Windmill Hill, byChangedCollins, his wife, daughter of Thomas Collins, of Socknash in this county, Esq., and eldest son of Richard Luxford, of Billinghurst.”—Wartling Church.

Faithful[47]may close this list:

“1640, Oct. 18. Baptized Benjamin, son of Faithful Bishop.”—St. Columb Major.

Faithful Rouse settled in New England in 1644 (Bowditch). The following despatch mentions another:

“1666, July 18. Major Beversham and Lieut. Faithful Fortescue are sent from Ireland to raise men.”—C. S. P.

Bunyan evidently liked it, and gave the name to the martyr of Vanity Fair:

“Sing, Faithful, sing, and let thy name survive;For though they killed thee, thou art yet alive.”

Speaking from a nomenclatural point of view, the name did not survive, for the last instance I have met with is that of Faithful Meakin, curate of Mobberley, Cheshire, in 1729 (Earwaker, “East Cheshire,” p. 99,n.). It had had a run of more than a century, however.

The reader will have observed that the majority of these names have become obsolete. The religious apathy of the early eighteenth century was against them. They seem to have made their way slowly westward. Certainly their latest representatives are to be found in the more retired villages of Gloucestershire and Devonshire. A few like Mercy, Faith, Hope, Charity, Grace, andPrudence, still survive, and will probably for ever command a certain amount of patronage; but they are much more popular in our religious story-books than the church registers. The absence of the rest is no great loss, I imagine.

(c.)Exhortatory Names.

The zealots of Elizabeth’s later days began to weary of names that merely made household words of the apostolic virtues. Many of these sobriquets had become popular among the unthinking and careless. They began to stamp their offspring with exhortatory sentences, pious ejaculations, brief professions of godly sorrow for sin, or exclamations of praise for mercies received. I am bound to confess, however, that the prevailing tone of these names is rather contradictory of the picture of gloomy sourness drawn by the facile pens of Macaulay and Walter Scott. ’Tis true, Anger and Wrath existed:

“1654. Wroth Rogers to be placed on the Commission of Scandalous Ministers.”—Scobell’s “Acts and Ord. Parl.,” 1658.“1680, Dec. 22. Buried Anger Bull, packer.”—St. Dionis Backchurch.

“1654. Wroth Rogers to be placed on the Commission of Scandalous Ministers.”—Scobell’s “Acts and Ord. Parl.,” 1658.

“1680, Dec. 22. Buried Anger Bull, packer.”—St. Dionis Backchurch.

I dare say he was familiarly termed Angry Bull, like “Savage Bear,” a gentleman of Kent who was living at the same time, mentioned elsewhere in these pages. Nevertheless, in the exhortatory names there is a general air of cheerful assurance.

The most celebrated name of this class is Praise-God Barebone. I cannot find his baptismal entry. A collection of verses was compiled by one Fear-God Barbon, of Daventry (Harleian M.S. 7332). This cannot have been his father, as we have evidence that the leatherseller was born about 1596, and, allowing his parent to be anything over twenty, the date would be too early for exhortatory names like Fear-God. We may presume, therefore, he was a brother. Two other brothers are said to have been entitled respectively, “Jesus-Christ-came-into-the-world-to-save Barebone,” and “If-Christ-had-not-died-for-thee-thou-hadst-been-damned Barebone.” I say “entitled,” for I doubt whether either received such a long string of words in baptism. Brook, in his “History of the Puritans,” implies they were; Hume says that both wereadoptednames, and adds, in regard to the latter, that his acquaintance were so wearied with its length, that they styled him by the last word as “Damned Barebone.” The editor ofNotes and Queries(March 15, 1862) says that, “as his morals were not of the best,” this abbreviated form “appeared to suit him better than his entire baptismal prefix.” Whether the title was given at the font or adopted, there is no doubt that he was familiarly known as Dr. Damned Barebone. This was more curt than courteous.

Of Praise-God’s history little items have leaked out. He began life as a leatherseller in Fleet Street, and owned a house under the sign of the “Lock and Key,” in the parish of St. Dunstan-in-the-West. He was admitted a freeman of the Leathersellers’ Company, January 20, 1623. He was a Fifth Monarchy man, if a tract printed in 1654, entitled “A Declaration of several of the Churches of Christ, and Godly People, in and about the City of London,” etc., which mentions “the Church which walks with Mr. Barebone,” refers to him. This, however, may be Fear-God Barebone. Praise-God was imprisoned after the Restoration, but after a while released, and died, at the age of eighty or above, in obscurity. His life, which was not without its excitements, was spent in London, and possibly his baptismal entry will be found there.

A word or two about his surname. The elder Disraeli says (“Curiosities of Literature”)—

“There are unfortunate names, which are very injurious to the cause in which they are engaged; for instance, the long Parliament in Cromwell’s time, called by derision the Rump, was headed by one Barebones, a leatherseller.”

Isaac Disraeli has here perpetuated a mistake. Barebone’s Parliament was the Parliament of Barebone, not Barebones. Peck, in his “Desiderata Curiosa,” speaking of a member of the family whodied in 1646, styles him Mr. Barborne; while Echard writes the name Barbon, when referring to Dr. Barbon, one of the chief rebuilders of the city of London after the Fire. Between Barebones and Barbon is a wide gap, and Barbon’s Parliament suggests nothing ludicrous whatsoever. Yet (if we set aside the baptismal name) what an amount of ridicule has been cast over this same Parliament on account of a surname which in reality has been made to meet the occasion. No historian has heaped more sarcasm on the “Rump” than Hume, but he never styles the leatherseller as anything but “Barebone.”

But whilePraise-Godhas obtained exceptional notoriety, not soFaint-not, and yet there was a day when Faint-not bade fair to take its place as a regular and recognized name. I should weary the reader did I furnish a full list of instances. Here are a few:

“1585, March 6. Baptized Faynt-not, d. of James Browne.”—Warbleton.“1590, Jan. 17. Baptized Faynt-not Wood.”—Cranbrook.“1631, ——. Thomas Perse married Faint-not Kennarde.”—Chiddingly.“1642, Aug. 2. Married John Pierce and Faint-not Polhill, widow.”—Burwash, Sussex.

“1585, March 6. Baptized Faynt-not, d. of James Browne.”—Warbleton.

“1590, Jan. 17. Baptized Faynt-not Wood.”—Cranbrook.

“1631, ——. Thomas Perse married Faint-not Kennarde.”—Chiddingly.

“1642, Aug. 2. Married John Pierce and Faint-not Polhill, widow.”—Burwash, Sussex.

This Faint-not Polhill was mother of Edward Polhill, a somewhat celebrated writer of his day. She married her first husband December 11, 1616.

“1678, Feb. 12. Buried Faint-not Blatcher, a poor old widdow.”—Warbleton.

The rents of certain houses which provided an exhibition for the boys of Lewes Grammar School were paid in 1692 as usual. One item is set down as follows:

“Faint-not Batchelor’s house, per annum, £6 0 0.”—“Hist. and Ant. Lewes,” i. 311.

Faint-notoccurs in Maresfield Church (“Suss. Arch. Coll.,” xiv. 151). We have already referred to Faint-not, the daughter of “Dudley Fenner, minister of the Word of God” at Marden, Kent.

Fear-not was also in use. The Rector of Warbleton baptized one of his own children by the name; some of his parishioners copied him:

“1594, Nov. 10. Baptized Fear-not, sonne of Richard Maye.“1589, Oct. 19. Baptized Fear-not, sonne of Willm. Browne.”

“1594, Nov. 10. Baptized Fear-not, sonne of Richard Maye.

“1589, Oct. 19. Baptized Fear-not, sonne of Willm. Browne.”

Decidedly cheerful were such names as Hope-still or Hopeful. Both occur in Banbury Church. Hopeful Wheatley has already been mentioned.

“1611, June 16. Baptized Hope-still, d. to Edward Peedle.“1697, Dec. 30. Buried Hope-still Faxon, a olde mayde.”

“1611, June 16. Baptized Hope-still, d. to Edward Peedle.

“1697, Dec. 30. Buried Hope-still Faxon, a olde mayde.”

Whether or no her matrimonial expectations were still high to the end, we are not told.

One of the earliest Pilgrim Fathers was Hope-still Foster (Hotten, p. 68). He went out to New England about 1620. His name became a commonone out there. Two bearers of the name at home lived so long that it reached the Georges:

“Near this place is interred the body of John Warden, of Butler’s Green in this parish, Esq., who died April 30, 1730, aged 79 years; and also ofHope-still, his wife, who died July 22, 1749, aged 92.”—Cuckfield Church, Sussex.“Dec. 1, 1714. Administration of goods of Michael Watkins, granted to Hope-still Watkins, his widow.”—C. S. P.

“Dec. 1, 1714. Administration of goods of Michael Watkins, granted to Hope-still Watkins, his widow.”—C. S. P.

In the list of incumbents of Lydney, Gloucestershire, will be found the name ofHelp-on-highFoxe, who was presented to the living by the Dean and Chapter of Hereford in 1660. For some reason or other, possibly to curtail the length, he styled himself in general as Hope-well, and this was retained on his tomb:

“Hic in Cristo quiescit Hope-wel Foxe, in artibus magister, hujus ecclesiæ vicarius vigilantissimus qui obiit 2 die Aprilis, 1662.”—Bigland’s “Monuments of Gloucester.”

How quickly such names were caught up by parishioners from their clergy may again be seen in the case of Hope-well Voicings, of Tetbury, who left a rentcharge of £1 for the charity schools at Cirencester in 1720. Probably he was christened by the vicar himself at Lydney.

We have already mentioned Rejoice Lord, of Salehurst. The name had a tremendous run:

“1647, June 22. Buried Rejoice, daughter of John Harvey.“1679, Oct. 18. Baptized Rejoice, daughter of Nicholas Wratten.”—Warbleton.

“1647, June 22. Buried Rejoice, daughter of John Harvey.

“1679, Oct. 18. Baptized Rejoice, daughter of Nicholas Wratten.”—Warbleton.

Rejoicereached the eighteenth century:

“1713, Sep. 29. Married John Pimm, of St. Dunstan’s, Cant., toRejoiceEpps, of the precincts of this church.”—Cant. Cath.

MagnifyandGive-thanksfrequently occur in Warbleton register:

“1595, Dec. 7. Buried Gyve-thanks Bentham, a child.“1593, Mch. 11. Baptized Give-thanks, the dather of Thomas Elliard.“1591, Feb. 6. Baptized Magnyfy, sonne of William Freeland.“1587, Sep. 17. Baptized Magnyfye, sonne of Thomas Beard.“1587, April 2. Baptized Give-thankes, sonne of Thomas Cunsted.”

“1595, Dec. 7. Buried Gyve-thanks Bentham, a child.

“1593, Mch. 11. Baptized Give-thanks, the dather of Thomas Elliard.

“1591, Feb. 6. Baptized Magnyfy, sonne of William Freeland.

“1587, Sep. 17. Baptized Magnyfye, sonne of Thomas Beard.

“1587, April 2. Baptized Give-thankes, sonne of Thomas Cunsted.”

It is from the same register we obtain examples of an exhortatory name known to have existed at this time, viz. “Be-thankful.” A dozen cases might be cited:

“1586, Feb. 6. Baptized Be-thankfull, the dather of Abell Tyerston.“1601, Nov. 8. Baptized Be-thankfull, d. of James Gyles.“1617, Nov. 27. Married Thomas Flatt and Be-thankefull Baker.“1662, May 9. Buried Be-thankeful Giles.”

“1586, Feb. 6. Baptized Be-thankfull, the dather of Abell Tyerston.

“1601, Nov. 8. Baptized Be-thankfull, d. of James Gyles.

“1617, Nov. 27. Married Thomas Flatt and Be-thankefull Baker.

“1662, May 9. Buried Be-thankeful Giles.”

Thus Miss Giles bore her full name for over sixty years: and, I dare say, was very proud of it.[48]

Besides Be-thankful, there was “Be-strong:”

“1592, Nov. 26. Baptized Be-strong Philpott.”—Cranbrook.

Many of the exhortatory names related to thefallen nature of man. One great favourite at Warbleton was “Sin-deny.” It was coined first by Heley, the Puritan rector, in 1588, for one of his own daughters. Afterwards the entries are numerous. Two occur in one week:

“1592, April 23. Baptized Sin-denye, d. of Richard Tebb.“"29. Baptized Sin-denye, d. of William Durant.“1594, March 9. Baptized Sin-denye, d. of Edward Outtered.”

This name seems to have been monopolized by the girls. One instance only to the contrary can I find:

“1588, Feb. 9. Baptized Sin-dynye, sonne of Andrew Champneye.”

Still keeping to the same register, we find of this class:

“1669, Jan. 21. Buried Refrayne Benny, a widdow.“1586, May 15. Baptized Refrayne, dather of John Celeb.“1586, April 24. Baptized Repent, sonne of William Durant.“1587, July 16. Baptized Returne, sonne of Rychard Farret.“1587, Aug. 6. Baptized Obey, sonne of Rychard Larkford.“1587, Dec. 24. Baptized Depend, sonne of Edward Outtered.“1588, Ap. 7. Baptized Feare-God, sonne of John Couper.“1608, Aug. 14. Baptized Repent Champney, a basterd.“1595. Maye 18. Baptized Refrayne, d. of John Wykes.”

“1669, Jan. 21. Buried Refrayne Benny, a widdow.

“1586, May 15. Baptized Refrayne, dather of John Celeb.

“1586, April 24. Baptized Repent, sonne of William Durant.

“1587, July 16. Baptized Returne, sonne of Rychard Farret.

“1587, Aug. 6. Baptized Obey, sonne of Rychard Larkford.

“1587, Dec. 24. Baptized Depend, sonne of Edward Outtered.

“1588, Ap. 7. Baptized Feare-God, sonne of John Couper.

“1608, Aug. 14. Baptized Repent Champney, a basterd.

“1595. Maye 18. Baptized Refrayne, d. of John Wykes.”

Many registers contain “Repent.” Cranbrook has an early one:

“1586, Jan. 1. Baptized Repent Boorman.”

Abuse-notis quaint:

“1592, Sep. 17. Baptized Abuse-not, d. of Rychard Ellis.“1592, Dec. 3. Baptized Abus-not, d. of John Collier.”—Warbleton.

“1592, Sep. 17. Baptized Abuse-not, d. of Rychard Ellis.

“1592, Dec. 3. Baptized Abus-not, d. of John Collier.”—Warbleton.

The last retained her name:

“1603, Maye 20. Buried Abuse-not Collyer.”

Here, again, are two curious entries:

“1636, March 19. Baptized Be-steadfast, sonne of Thomas Elliard.“1589, Nov. 9. Baptized Learn-wysdome, d. of Rychard Ellis.”

“1636, March 19. Baptized Be-steadfast, sonne of Thomas Elliard.

“1589, Nov. 9. Baptized Learn-wysdome, d. of Rychard Ellis.”

These also are extracts from the Warbleton registers. None of them, however, can be more strongly exhortatory than this:

“1660, April 15. Baptized Hate-evill, d. of Antony Greenhill.”—Banbury.

Doubtless she was related to William Greenhill, born 1581, the great Puritan commentator on Ezekiel. This cannot be the earliest instance of the name, for one Hate-evill Nutter was a settler in New England twenty years before her baptism (Bowditch). I suspect its origin can be traced to the following:—

“1580, June 25. Baptized Hatill (Hate-ill), sonne of Willm. Wood.“1608, Nov. 17. Baptized Hatill, sonne to Antony Robinson.”—Middleton-Cheney.

“1580, June 25. Baptized Hatill (Hate-ill), sonne of Willm. Wood.

“1608, Nov. 17. Baptized Hatill, sonne to Antony Robinson.”—Middleton-Cheney.

As Middleton-Cheney is a mere outlying parish from Banbury, I think we may see whence Hate-evil Greenhill’s name was derived.

Returning once more to Warbleton,Lamentis so common there, as in other places, that it would be absurd to suppose the mother had died in childbirth in every instance. A glance at the register of deaths disproves the idea. The fact isLamentwas used, like Repent, as a serious call to godly sorrow for sin:

“1594, July 22. Baptized Lament, d. of Antony Foxe.“1598, May 14. Baptized Lament, d. of John Fauterell.“1600, Mch29. Baptized Lament, d. of Anne Willard.”

“1594, July 22. Baptized Lament, d. of Antony Foxe.

“1598, May 14. Baptized Lament, d. of John Fauterell.

“1600, Mch29. Baptized Lament, d. of Anne Willard.”

But we must not linger too much at Warbleton.

Live-wellcommanded much attention. Neither sex could claim the monopoly of it, as my examples prove. At the beginning of Charles II.’s reign, a warrant was abroad for the capture of one Live-well Chapman, a seditious printer. In such a charge it is possible he fulfilled the pious injunction of his god-parent:

“1662-3, March 9. Warrant to apprehend Live-well Chapman,[49]with all his printing instruments and materials.”—C. S. P.

He is mentioned again:

“1663, Nov. 24. Warrant to Sir Edward Broughton to receive Live-well Chapman, and keep him close prisoner for seditious practices.”—C. S. P.

This is no unique case. Live-well Sherwood, an alderman of Norwich, was put on a commission for sequestering papists in 1643 (Scobell’s “Orders of Parl.,” p. 38).

Again the name occurs:

“1702, Oct. 15. Thomas Halsey, of Shadwell, widower, to Live-well Prisienden, of Stepney.”—St. Dionis Backchurch.

Love-Godis found twice, at least, for letters ofadministration in the case of one Love-God Gregory were granted in 1654. Also is found:

“1596, March 6. Baptized Love-God, daughter of Hugh Walker, vicar.”—Berwick, Sussex.

Do-goodis exhortatory enough, but it rather smacks of works; hence, possibly, the reason why I have only seen it once. A list of the trained bands under Lord Zouch, Lord Warden of Hastings, 1619, includes—

“Musketts, James Knight, Doo-good Fuller, Thomas Pilcher.”—“Arch. Soc. Coll.” (Sussex), xiv. 102.

Fare-wellseems a shade more worldly than Live-well, but was common enough:

“1589, July 16, Baptized Fare-well, son of Thomas Hamlen, gent.”—St. Dunstan-in-the-West, London.“1723, Sep. 5. Buried Mr. Fare-well Perry, rector of St. Peter’s.”—Marlborough.

“1589, July 16, Baptized Fare-well, son of Thomas Hamlen, gent.”—St. Dunstan-in-the-West, London.

“1723, Sep. 5. Buried Mr. Fare-well Perry, rector of St. Peter’s.”—Marlborough.

A writer inNotes and Queries, September 9, 1865 (Mr. Lloyd of Thurstonville), says—

“A man named Sykes, resident in this locality, had four sons whom he named respectively Love-well, Do-well, Die-well, and Fare-well. Sad to say, Fare-well Sykes met an untimely end by drowning, and was buried this week (eleventh Sunday after Trinity) in Lockwood churchyard. The brothers Live-well, Do-well, and Die-well were the chief mourners on the occasion.”

It seems almost impossible that the father should have restored three of the Puritan names accidentally. Probably he had seen or heard of these names in some Yorkshire church register. One of these names, Farewell, is still used in the county,as the directories show. I see Fare-well Wardley, in Sheffield, in the West Riding Directory for 1867.

This closes the exhortatory class. It is both numerous and interesting, and some of its instances grew very familiar, and looked as if they might find a permanent place in our registers. The eighteenth century saw them all succumb, however.

(d.)Accidents of Birth.

Evidently it was a Puritan notion that a quiverful of children was a matter for thanksgiving. There is a pleasant ring in some of the names selected by religious gossips at this time, or witnesses, as I should rather term them.Free-giftwas one such, and was on the point of becoming an accepted English name, when the Restoration stepped in, and it had to follow the way of the others. It began with the Presbyterian clergy, judging by the date of its rise:[50]

“1616, ——. Buried Mary, wiffe of Free-gift Mabbe.”—Chiddingly, Sussex.“1621, ——. Baptized John, son of Free-gift Bishopp.”—Ditto.“1591, Jan. 14. Baptized Fre-gift, sonne of Abraham Bayley.”—Warbleton.

“1616, ——. Buried Mary, wiffe of Free-gift Mabbe.”—Chiddingly, Sussex.

“1621, ——. Baptized John, son of Free-gift Bishopp.”—Ditto.

“1591, Jan. 14. Baptized Fre-gift, sonne of Abraham Bayley.”—Warbleton.

The will of Free-gift Stacey was proved in 1656in London; while a subsidy obtained by an unpopular tax on fires, hearths, and stoves in 1670, rates a resident in Chichester thus:

“Free-gift Collins, two hearths.”—“Suss. Arch. Coll.,” xxiv. 81.

The last instance I have seen is:

“Dec. 4, 1700. The petition of Free-gift Pilkington, wife of Richard Pilkington, late port-master of Ipswich, county Suffolk.”—C. S. P.

Good-giftwas rarer:

“1618, March 28. Bapt. John, sonne of Goodgift Gynninges.”—Warbleton.

One of the earliest Puritan eccentricities wasFrom-above, mentioned by Camden as existing in 1614:

“1582, March 10. Baptized From-above Hendley.”—Cranbrook.

A subsidy collected within the rape of Lewes in 1621 records:

“From-above Hendle, gent, in landes, 30 4 0.”—“Suss. Arch. Coll.,” lx. 71.

Many of these names suggest thanksgiving for an “addition to the family.”More-fruitis one such:

“1587, June 6. Baptized More-fruite Stone, of Steven.”—Berwick, Sussex.“1592, Oct. 1. Baptized More-fruite Starre.”[51]—Cranbrook.“1599, Nov. 4. Baptized More-fruite, d. of Richard Barnet.”—Warbleton.“1608, Aug. 28. Baptized More-frute, d. of Rychard Curtes.”—Ditto.

“1587, June 6. Baptized More-fruite Stone, of Steven.”—Berwick, Sussex.

“1592, Oct. 1. Baptized More-fruite Starre.”[51]—Cranbrook.

“1599, Nov. 4. Baptized More-fruite, d. of Richard Barnet.”—Warbleton.

“1608, Aug. 28. Baptized More-frute, d. of Rychard Curtes.”—Ditto.

We have already referred to More-fruit Fenner, christened about the same time.

The great command to Adam and Eve was, “Multiply, and replenish the earth.” Some successor of Thomas Heley thought it no harm to emphasize this at the font:

“1677, May 14. Buried Replenish, ye wife of Robert French.”

But “Increase” or “Increased” was the representative of this class of thanksgiving names, in palpable allusion to Psa. cxv. 14:

“The Lord shall increase you more and more, you and your children.”

I could easily furnish the reader with half a hundred instances. It is probable Thomas Heley was the inventor of it. The earliest example I can find is that of his own child:

“1587, March 26. Baptized Increased, dather of Thomas Helley, minister.“1637, Sep. 15. Buried Increase, wife of Robard Barden.“1589, Apr. 13. Baptized Increased, d. of John Gynninges.”—Warbleton.

“1587, March 26. Baptized Increased, dather of Thomas Helley, minister.

“1637, Sep. 15. Buried Increase, wife of Robard Barden.

“1589, Apr. 13. Baptized Increased, d. of John Gynninges.”—Warbleton.

One or two instances from other quarters may be noted:

“1660, June. Petition of Increased Collins, for restoration to the keepership of Mote’s Bulwark, Dover.”—C. S. P.

Dr. Increase Mather, of the Liverpool family of that name, will be a familiar figure to every student of Puritan history. In 1685 he returned from America to thank King James for the TolerationAct. Through him it became a popular name in New England, although Increase Nowell, who obtained a charter of appropriation of Massachusetts Bay, March 4, 1628, and emigrated from London, may have helped in the matter (Neal’s “New England,” p. 124).

The perils of childbirth are marked in the thanksgiving name of Deliverance. So early as 1627 the will of Deliverance Wilton was proved in London. Camden, too, writing in 1614, says “Delivery” was known to him; while Adams, whose Puritan proclivities I have previously hinted at, preaching in London in 1626, asserts that Safe-deliverance existed to his knowledge (“Meditations upon the Creed”). Deliverance crossed the Atlantic with the Pilgrim Fathers (Bowditch), and I see one instance, at least, in Hotten’s “Emigrants:”

“1670, Feb. 18. Buried Deliverance Addison.”—Christ Church, Barbados.“Deliverance Hobbs and Deliverance Dane were both examined in the great trial for witchcraft at Salem, June 2, 1692.”—Neal, “New England,” pp. 533, 506.

“1670, Feb. 18. Buried Deliverance Addison.”—Christ Church, Barbados.

“Deliverance Hobbs and Deliverance Dane were both examined in the great trial for witchcraft at Salem, June 2, 1692.”—Neal, “New England,” pp. 533, 506.

The last instance, probably, at home is—

“1757, Jan. 7. Buried Deliverance Branan.”—Donnybrook, Dublin (Notes and Queries).

This “Deliverance” must have been especially common. One more instance: in the will of Anne Allport, sen., of Cannock, Stafford, datedMarch 25, 1637, mention is made of “my son-in-law Deliverance Fennyhouse” (vide Notes and Queries, Dec. 8, 1860, W. A. Leighton).

Much-mercy is characteristic:

“1598, May 22. Baptized Much-mercie Harmer, a child.”—Warbleton.

This is but one more proof of Heley’s influence, for he had baptized one of his own sons “Much-mercy”” in 1585.

Perhaps a sense of undeserved mercies caused the following:

“1589, Sep. 28. Baptized No-merit, dather of Stephen Vynall.”—Warbleton.

That babes are cherubs, if not seraphs, every mother knows; but it is not often the fact is recorded in our church registers. Peculiar thankfulness must have been felt here:

“On Dec. 11, 1865, aged seventy-eight years, died Cherubin Diball.”—Notes and Queries, 4th Series, ii. 130.

And two hundred years previously,i.e.1678,SeraphimMarketman is referred to in the last testament of John Kirk. But was it gratitude, after all? We have all heard of the wretched father who would persist in having the twins his wife presented to him christened by the names of Cherubin and Seraphim, on the ground that “they continually do cry.” Perhaps Cherubin Diball and Seraphim Marketman made noise enough for two!

But if the father of the twins was not as thankful for his privilege as he ought to have been, others were.ThanksandThankfulwere not unknown to our forefathers. One of the earliest instances I can find is the marriage lines of Thankful Hepden:

“1646, July 16. Thankfull Hepden and Fraunces Bruer.”—St. Dionis Backchurch.

In Peck’s “Desiderata Curiosa” (p. 537) we read:

“Dec. M.D.CLVI. Mr. Thankful Frewen’s corps carried through London, to be interred in Sussex.”

Thankful’s father was John Frewen, Rector of Northiam, the eminent Puritan already referred to.Accepted, the elder son’s name, belongs to this same class.Thankfulseems to have become a favourite in that part of the country, and to have lingered for a considerable time. In the “History of the Town and Port of Rye” we find (p. 466):

“Christmas, 1723. Assessment for repairs of highways: Mr. Thankful Bishop paid 7s6d.”

Again, so late as 1749 we find the death of another Thankful Frewen recorded, who had been Rector of Northiam for sixteen years, christened, no doubt, in memory of his predecessor of a century gone by.[52]Thankful Owen was brother toGracious Owen, president of St. John’s, Oxford, 1650-1660.

One more instance will suffice. The will of Thanks Tilden was proved in 1698. No wonder the name was sufficiently familiar to be embodied in one of the political skits of the Commonwealth period:

“‘O, very well said,’ quoth Con;‘And so will I do,’ says Frank;And Mercy cries ‘Aye,’ and Mat, ‘Really,’‘And I’m o’ that mind,’ quothThank.”

Possibly the sentence “unfeignedly thankful” suggested the other word also; any way, it existed:

“1586, April 1. Baptized Unfeigned, sonne of Roger Elliard.”—Warbleton.

The estate of Unfeigned Panckhurst was administered upon in 1656.

From every side we see traces of the popularity of Thankful. During the restoration of Hawkhurst Church, a small tombstone was discovered below the floor, with an inscription to the “memory of Elizabeth, daughter ofThankfulBishop, of Hawkhurst, gent., who died January 2, 1680” (“Arch.Cant.,” iv. 108). In the churchwarden’s book of the same place occurs this curious item:

“1675. Received by Thankfull Thorpe, churchwarden in the year 1675, of Richard Sharpe of Bennenden, the summe of one pound for shouting of a hare.”—“Arch. Cant.,” v. 75.

Several names seem to breathe assurance and trust in imminent peril. Perhaps both mother and child were in danger.Preservedis distinctly of this class:

“Here lieth the body of Preserved, the daughter of Thomas Preserved Emms, who departed this life in the 18th year of her age, on the 17th of November,MDCCXII.”—St. Nicholas, Yarmouth.“1588, Aug. 1. Baptized Preserved, sonne of Thomas Holman.“1594, Nov. 17. Baptized Preserved, sonne of Roger Caffe.”—Warbleton.

“Here lieth the body of Preserved, the daughter of Thomas Preserved Emms, who departed this life in the 18th year of her age, on the 17th of November,MDCCXII.”—St. Nicholas, Yarmouth.

“1588, Aug. 1. Baptized Preserved, sonne of Thomas Holman.

“1594, Nov. 17. Baptized Preserved, sonne of Roger Caffe.”—Warbleton.

Preserved Fish, whose name appeared for many years in the New York Directory, did not get his name this way. A friend of his informs me that, about eighty-five years ago, a vessel was wrecked on the New Jersey coast, and when washed ashore, a little child was discovered secured in one of the berths, the only living thing left. The finder named the boy “Preserved Fish,” and he bore it through a long and honoured life to the grave, having made for himself a good position in society.

Belovedwould naturally suggest itself to grateful parents:

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