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[1]Dante's Divine Comedy, the Inferno; a literal Prose Translation, with the Text of the Original.ByJ.A. Carlyle, M.D., London: 1849. I have never quite forgiven myself for not having said more of the unpretending but honest and most useful volume which stood at the head of this essay when it first appeared as an article. It was placed there, according to what was then a custom of article writers, as a peg to hang remarks upon which might or might not be criticisms of the particular book so noticed. It did not offer itself specially to my use, and my attention was busy with my own work. But this was no excuse for availing myself of a good book, and not giving it the notice which it deserved. To an English student beginning Dante, and wishing to study him in a scholarly manner, it is really more useful than a verse translation can be; and I have always greatly regretted that the plan of translating the whole work was dropped for want of the appreciation which the first instalment ought to have had. (1878.)

[1]Dante's Divine Comedy, the Inferno; a literal Prose Translation, with the Text of the Original.ByJ.A. Carlyle, M.D., London: 1849. I have never quite forgiven myself for not having said more of the unpretending but honest and most useful volume which stood at the head of this essay when it first appeared as an article. It was placed there, according to what was then a custom of article writers, as a peg to hang remarks upon which might or might not be criticisms of the particular book so noticed. It did not offer itself specially to my use, and my attention was busy with my own work. But this was no excuse for availing myself of a good book, and not giving it the notice which it deserved. To an English student beginning Dante, and wishing to study him in a scholarly manner, it is really more useful than a verse translation can be; and I have always greatly regretted that the plan of translating the whole work was dropped for want of the appreciation which the first instalment ought to have had. (1878.)

[2]May, 1265. (Pelli.) Benevento: Feb. 26, 1265/6. The Florentine year began March 25.

[2]May, 1265. (Pelli.) Benevento: Feb. 26, 1265/6. The Florentine year began March 25.

[3]"Maghinardo da Susinana (il Demonio, Purg. 14) fu uno grande e savio tiranno ... gran castellano, e con molti fedeli: savio fu di guerra e bene avventuroso in più battaglie, e al suo tempo fece gran cose. Ghibellino era di sua nazione e in sue opere; ma co' Fiorentini era Guelfo e nimico di tutti i loro nimici, o Guelfi o Ghibellini che fossono."—G. Vill. vii. 149. A Ghibelline by birth and disposition; yet, from circumstances, a close ally of the Guelfs of Florence.

[3]"Maghinardo da Susinana (il Demonio, Purg. 14) fu uno grande e savio tiranno ... gran castellano, e con molti fedeli: savio fu di guerra e bene avventuroso in più battaglie, e al suo tempo fece gran cose. Ghibellino era di sua nazione e in sue opere; ma co' Fiorentini era Guelfo e nimico di tutti i loro nimici, o Guelfi o Ghibellini che fossono."—G. Vill. vii. 149. A Ghibelline by birth and disposition; yet, from circumstances, a close ally of the Guelfs of Florence.

[4]G. Villani, vi. 33.

[4]G. Villani, vi. 33.

[5]G. Villani, vi. 33, 43;Parad.19.

[5]G. Villani, vi. 33, 43;Parad.19.

[6]G. Villani, vi. 33, iv. 10;Inf.19;Parad.25.

[6]G. Villani, vi. 33, iv. 10;Inf.19;Parad.25.

[7]G. Villani, vi. 39, 65.

[7]G. Villani, vi. 39, 65.

[8]G. Villani, vi. 33, viii. 26; Vasari,Arnolfo di Lapo, i. 255 (Fir. 1846).

[8]G. Villani, vi. 33, viii. 26; Vasari,Arnolfo di Lapo, i. 255 (Fir. 1846).

[9]Dino Compagni, p. 88.

[9]Dino Compagni, p. 88.

[10]Dino Compagni, p. 107.

[10]Dino Compagni, p. 107.

[11]Giotto painted in it: Vasari,Vit. di Giotto, p. 314.

[11]Giotto painted in it: Vasari,Vit. di Giotto, p. 314.

[12]G. Villani, vii. 2, 17.

[12]G. Villani, vii. 2, 17.

[13]Ibid.vii. 2.

[13]Ibid.vii. 2.

[14]G. Villani, vii. 56.

[14]G. Villani, vii. 56.

[15]Campaldino, in 1289. G. Vill. vii. 131;Dino Comp.p. 14.

[15]Campaldino, in 1289. G. Vill. vii. 131;Dino Comp.p. 14.

[16]Dino Comp.pp. 32, 75, 94, 133.

[16]Dino Comp.pp. 32, 75, 94, 133.

[17]G. Vill. viii. 39.

[17]G. Vill. viii. 39.

[18]Dino Compagni, pp. 32, 34, 38.

[18]Dino Compagni, pp. 32, 34, 38.

[19]See the curious letters ofJohn de Monte Corvino, about his mission in Cathay, 1289-1305, in Wadding, vi. 69.

[19]See the curious letters ofJohn de Monte Corvino, about his mission in Cathay, 1289-1305, in Wadding, vi. 69.

[20]E.g.theMozzi, of Greg. X.;Peruzzi, of Philip le Bel;Spini, of Boniface VIII.;Cerchi del Garbo, of Benedict XI. (G. Vill. vii. 42, viii. 63, 71;Dino Comp.p. 35).

[20]E.g.theMozzi, of Greg. X.;Peruzzi, of Philip le Bel;Spini, of Boniface VIII.;Cerchi del Garbo, of Benedict XI. (G. Vill. vii. 42, viii. 63, 71;Dino Comp.p. 35).

[21]Florence, confined within that ancient wall,Whence still the chimes at noon and evening sound,Was sober, modest, and at peace with all.Myself have seen Bellincion Berti paceThe street in leathern belt; his lady comeForth from her toilet with unpainted face.****Oh happy wives! each soon to lay her headIn her own tomb; and no one yet compelledTo weep deserted in a lonely bed.****To such pure life of beauty and repose—Such faithful citizens—such happy men—The virgin gave me, when my mother's throesForced her with cries to call on Mary's name.—Wright.

[21]

[22]G. Vill. vi. 69 (1259).

[22]G. Vill. vi. 69 (1259).

[23]G. Vill. vii. 89 (1283).

[23]G. Vill. vii. 89 (1283).

[24]Videthe opening of theDe Monarchia.

[24]Videthe opening of theDe Monarchia.

[25]The Bargello, a prison (1850); a museum (1878).V.Vasari, p. 311.

[25]The Bargello, a prison (1850); a museum (1878).V.Vasari, p. 311.

[26]He died in 1294. G. Vill. viii. 10.

[26]He died in 1294. G. Vill. viii. 10.

[27]Purgat.c. 23.

[27]Purgat.c. 23.

[28]Ibid.c. 24.My sister, good and beautiful—which most I know not.—Wright.

[28]Ibid.c. 24.

My sister, good and beautiful—which most I know not.—Wright.

[29]Parad.c. 3.

[29]Parad.c. 3.

[30]Purg.c. 24, 82-87.

[30]Purg.c. 24, 82-87.

[31]In 1300. G. Villani, viii. 38, 39.

[31]In 1300. G. Villani, viii. 38, 39.

[32]Dino Comp.p. 45.

[32]Dino Comp.p. 45.

[33]Ibid.p. 62.

[33]Ibid.p. 62.

[34]Inf.c. 3, 60.

[34]Inf.c. 3, 60.

[35]Pelli,Memorie per servire alla vita di Dante.Fir. 1823, pp. 105, 106.

[35]Pelli,Memorie per servire alla vita di Dante.Fir. 1823, pp. 105, 106.

[36]See Dr. Barlow'sSixth Centenary Festivals of Dante. (1866.)

[36]See Dr. Barlow'sSixth Centenary Festivals of Dante. (1866.)

[37]These notices have been carefully collected byPelli, who seems to have left little to glean (Memorie, &c. Ed. 2da, 1823). A few additions have been made byGerini(Mem. Stor. della Lunigiana), andTroya(Veltro Allegorico), but they are not of much importance.Arrivabene(Secolo di Dante) has brought together a mass of illustration which is very useful, and would be more so, if he were more careful, and quoted his authorities.Balboarranges these materials with sense and good feeling; though, as a writer, he is below his subject. A few traits and anecdotes may be found in the novelists—as Sacchetti.

[37]These notices have been carefully collected byPelli, who seems to have left little to glean (Memorie, &c. Ed. 2da, 1823). A few additions have been made byGerini(Mem. Stor. della Lunigiana), andTroya(Veltro Allegorico), but they are not of much importance.Arrivabene(Secolo di Dante) has brought together a mass of illustration which is very useful, and would be more so, if he were more careful, and quoted his authorities.Balboarranges these materials with sense and good feeling; though, as a writer, he is below his subject. A few traits and anecdotes may be found in the novelists—as Sacchetti.

[38]A death-like shade—Like that beneath black boughs and foliage greenO'er the cool streams in Alpine glens display'd.—Wright.

[38]

[39]O'er all the sandy desert falling slow,Were shower'd dilated flakes of fire, like snowOn Alpine summits, when the wind is low.—Ibid.

[39]

[40]Inf.31, 18.

[40]Inf.31, 18.

[41]Ibid.17, 16, 31;Purg.24;Par.2;Inf.22;Purg.30;Par.25;Inf.7.

[41]Ibid.17, 16, 31;Purg.24;Par.2;Inf.22;Purg.30;Par.25;Inf.7.

[42]Purg.8. "Era già l'ora," &c.

[42]Purg.8. "Era già l'ora," &c.

[43]Purg.19, 27, 1, 2.

[43]Purg.19, 27, 1, 2.

[44]By ocean's shore we still prolonged our stayLike men, who, thinking of a journey near,Advance in thought, while yet their limbs delay.—Wright.

[44]

[45]And like a pilgrim who with fond delightSurveys the temple he has vow'd to see,And hopes one day its wonders to recite.—Ibid.

[45]

[46]Like one who, from Croatia come to seeOur Veronica (image long adored),Gazes, as though content he ne'er could be—Thus musing, while the relic is pourtray'd—"Jesus my God, my Saviour and my Lord,O were thy features these I see display'd?"—Wright.Quella imagine benedetta la quale Gesù Cristo lasciò a noi per esempio della sua bellissima figura.—Vita Nuova, p. 353.He speaks of the pilgrims going to Rome to see it; compare also the sonnet to the pilgrims, p. 355:Deh peregrini, che pensosi andateForse di cosa, che non v'è presente,Venite voi di sì lontana gente,Com'alla vista voi ne dimostrate.

[46]

Quella imagine benedetta la quale Gesù Cristo lasciò a noi per esempio della sua bellissima figura.—Vita Nuova, p. 353.

He speaks of the pilgrims going to Rome to see it; compare also the sonnet to the pilgrims, p. 355:

[47]Vita Nuova, last paragraph. SeePurg.30;Parad.30, 6, 28-33.

[47]Vita Nuova, last paragraph. SeePurg.30;Parad.30, 6, 28-33.

[48]SeeConvito, 1, 2.

[48]SeeConvito, 1, 2.

[49]VideOzanam,Dante, pp. 535,sqq.Ed.

[49]VideOzanam,Dante, pp. 535,sqq.Ed.

[50]O ye who fain would listen to my song,Following in little bark full eagerlyMy venturous ship, that chanting hies along,Turn back unto your native shores again;Tempt not the deep, lest haply losing me,In unknown paths bewildered ye remain.I am the first this voyage to essay;Minerva breathes—Apollo is my guide;And new-born muses do the Bears display.Ye other few, who have look'd up on highFor angels' food betimes, e'en here suppliedLargely, but not enough to satisfy,—Mid the deep ocean ye your course may take,My track pursuing the pure waters through,Ere reunites the quickly-closing wake.Those glorious ones, who drove of yore their prowTo Colchos, wonder'd not as ye will do,When they saw Jason working at the plough.Wright'sDante.

[50]


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