Columbian Exposition Horse Race, Trotting46.Columbian Exposition Horse Race, Trotting.
"Wonderful and interesting demonstration; its influence will become more and more potent and universal as the years go on."—Argus, Albany.
"Will necessarily revolutionize the treatment of the action of the horse in painting and sculpture. For the physiological study of animal movements these pictures are a veritable treasure."—Landwirthschaftliche-Zeitung, Vienna.
"I am lost with admiration of these photographs of Mr. Muybridge."—Professor Marey, inLa Nature, Paris.
Columbian Exposition Speedway47.Columbian Exposition Speedway.
"Interesting and instructive to all."—New York Herald.
"Highly interesting and valuable for every lover of horses."—Illustrirte Zeitung, Berlin.
"We cannot more fittingly conclude our review than by repeating our recommendation of the work to all artistic and scientific bodies."—The Nation, New York.
"So perfect was the synthesis that a dog in the lecture room barked and endeavored to chase the phantom horses as they galloped across the screen."—Berkeley Weekly News.
Village Blacksmiths48.Village Blacksmiths.
"Noted artists, such as Menzel, Knaus, Begas; eminent scientists, such as von Helmholtz, Siemens and Förster and even the imperturbable field-marshal, Count von Moltke, were enthusiastic in their applause."—Illustrirte Zeitung.
"A very large number could not obtain admission, so great was the desire to hear the lecture.... A wonderful surprise even to the careful observer of Nature."—Die Press, Vienna.
"The lecture was received with stormy applause."—Berliner Post, Berlin.
"The lecture was given in a popular manner, with scientific accuracy and artistic taste.... The room was filled to the last corner; nearly all the Royal Family and the Ministers were present."—Münchener Neueste Nachrichten, Munich.
A Fan Flirtation49.A Fan Flirtation.
"After attending Mr. Muybridge's demonstrations, we felt no surprise at his having been received so enthusiastically in Paris."—Berliner Tageblatt, Berlin.
"The lectures of Mr. Muybridge are unquestionably the most intensely interesting we ever listened to. No one in Berlin should fail to attend them."—Norddeutsch Allgem Zeitung, Berlin.
"Some lectures are too technical for the general public. Here is one in which everybody is interested. The Lecture Theatre was crammed to repletion; we thought a few vacant places might have been reserved for those whose pleasant duty it is to record the brilliant success of Mr. Muybridge."—Pall Mall Budget, London.
Athlete, Running Long Jump50.Athlete, Running Long Jump.
"So great an interest did the demonstrations excite that Mr. Muybridge was unanimously requested to repeat them. Two days afterward this distinguished company, including the venerable Field-Marshal (Count von Moltke) himself, attended a repetition of the lecture."—Illustrirte Zeitung.
The results of the investigation executed for the University of Pennsylvania are
containing more than 20,000 figures of men, women, and children, animals and birds, actively engaged in walking, galloping, flying, working, jumping, fighting, dancing, playing at base-ball, cricket, and other athletic games, or other actions incidental to every-day life, which illustrate motion or the play of muscles.
These sheets of illustrations are conventionally called "plates."
and illustrates the successive phases of a single action, photographed with automatic electro-photographic apparatus at regulated and accurately recorded intervals of time,consecutivelyfrom one point of view; or,consecutivelyANDsynchronouslyfromtwo, or fromthreepoints of view.
A series of twelve consecutive exposures, from each of the three points of view, are represented by an outline tracing on a small scale of plate 579, a complete stride of a horse walking; the intervals of exposures are recorded as being one hundred and twenty-six one-thousandths of a second.
Views of a horseREDUCED OUTLINE TRACING OF PLATE 579.—"ANIMAL LOCOMOTION."
Bird flyingREDUCED TRACING OF SOME PHASES FROM PLATE 758.
Men wrestlingREDUCED TRACINGS OF PLATE 347.
When one of the series of foreshortenings is made at a right angle with the lateral series the arrangement of the phases is usually thus:
The plates are notphotographsin the common acceptation of the word, but are printed inPermanent Ink, from gelatinised copper-plates, by the New York Photo-Gravure Company, on thick linen plate-paper.
The size of the paper is 45 × 60 centimetres—(19 × 24 inches), and the printed surface varies from 15 × 45 to 20 × 30 centimetres—(6 × 18 to 9 × 12 inches).
The number of figures on each plate varies from 12 to 36.
To publish so great a number of plates as one undivided work was considered unnecessary, for each subject tells its own story; and inexpedient, for it would defeat the object which the University had in view, and limit its acquisition to wealthy individuals, large Libraries, or Institutions where it would be beyond the reach of many who might desire to study it.
It has, therefore, been decided to issue a series of One Hundred Plates, which number, for the purposes of publication, will be considered as a "COPY" of the work. These one hundred plates will probably meet the requirements of the greater number of the subscribers.
In accordance with this view is re-issued the following prospectus.
The Plates are enclosed in a strong, canvas-lined, fullAmerican-Russia Leather Portfolio.
Additional Plates in any required number will be supplied to the subscriber at the same proportionate rate; these, however, must be ordered at the same time as the subscription Plates.
It was considered inadvisable to make anarbitraryselection of the one hundred Plates offered to subscribers, and with the object of meeting, as far as possible, their diverse requirements, they are invited to make their own selection, either from the subjoined list of subjects, or from a detailed catalogue, which will be forwarded free of expense to every subscriber.
The following are the numbers of Plates published of each class of subjects, from which the subscriber's selection can be made:—
Should the selection be made from the Catalogue, it will be advisable to give the Author permission to change any one of the selected Plates for any other illustrating the same action, if, in his judgment, the substituted Plate illustrates that action with a better model, or in a more perfect manner than the one selected.
With regard to the selection of Plates, however, it has been found by experience that unless any special subject or plate is required it will be more satisfactory to the subscriber if he gives the Author GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS as to the CLASS of subjects desired and to leave the SPECIFIC selection to him.
Many of the large Libraries and Art or Science Institutions in America and in Europe have subscribed for, and have now in their possession, a complete series of the seven hundred and eighty-one Plates, the subscription price for which is
in the United States,
in Great Britain for the complete series, in eight fullAmerican-Russia leather portfolios, or if bound in eleven volumes, each platehinged, full American-Russia leather,
in the United States,
in Great Britain; or its equivalent for any city in Central or Western Europe.
Subscribers who wish to make use of these Plates for the promotion or diffusion of knowledge, or for artistic or scientific purposes, will be afforded facilities for acquiring working copies by special arrangement with the Author.
The investigations of the Author are so well known; and so generally recognized as affording the only basis of truthful interpretation or accurate criticism of Animal Movement, that it is perhaps scarcely necessary to quote from the many elaborate reviews of "Animal Locomotion," which have been published in the American, English, French, and German Scientific, Artistic, and other Journals. A few extracts therefrom are however given in Appendix A.
For the value of the present work to the general student of Nature and the lover of Art, no less than to the Artist and the Archæologist, the Physiologist and the Anatomist, it is with much pride and gratitude that he refers to the annexed list of some of his subscribers.
The general or departmental Libraries of the following
It is impossible within the limits of this appendix to record the names of the many well-knownDilettanti, Art Connoisseurs, Manufacturers, etc., who have acquired copies of Animal Locomotion, and it is difficult, without unjust discrimination, to select a few from among the many Eminent Men whose names and works are known all over the world and who are subscribers. Among those, however, who have honored the Author by placing their names on his subscription book—all academical and university distinctions being omitted—are the following:
A series ofFifty Engravings, each of which illustrates from 12 to 15 consecutive phases of some complete movement, photographed from life.
The successive phases of each action are arranged in a circleNINE INCHES IN DIAMETER; for reduced copies of some of which see appendix A.
Printed on six-ply Bristol-board and enclosed in
size 10×12 inches; price, Five Dollars in the United States; or One Guinea in Great Britain.
Sent free of postage upon receipt of price, to any country within the Universal Postal Union.
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, U.S.A.Or, at 10 Henrietta Street,Covent Garden, London.
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, U.S.A.Or, at 10 Henrietta Street,Covent Garden, London.
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE,
University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, U.S.A.
Or, at 10 Henrietta Street,
Covent Garden, London.
To convert the circles of figures into a
ZOOPRAXISCOPE,
ZOOPRAXISCOPE,
cut out the disc, and, radiating from the centre thereof, about midway from the margin, cut or stamp thirteen equidistant perforations; each an inch long, and about the sixteenth of an inch wide.
Pin the centre of the disc to a handle and revolve it in the direction of the arrow, at a distance of about twenty-four inches, in front of a mirror.
By looking through theupperseries of perforations at the reflection of thelowerseries of figures, a semblance of the original movements of life will be seen.
The figures may be appropriately colored, and the back of the cardboard disc should be painted a dark color, or covered with a piece of dark surfaced paper before cutting the perforations.
Illustrated with twelve consecutive phases—occurring during a single stride—of each of the six regular progressive movements of the horse, traced from the results of an investigation made by the Author for the University of Pennsylvania.
12 mo. bound in cloth. Price in the United States, One Dollar; in Great Britain Four Shillings and Three Pence.
Sent upon receipt of price, free of postage to any country within the Universal Postal Union.
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, U. S. A.Or 10 Henrietta Street,Covent Garden, London.
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, U. S. A.Or 10 Henrietta Street,Covent Garden, London.
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE,
University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, U. S. A.
Or 10 Henrietta Street,
Covent Garden, London.