Probyloff Islands,5,27.Provence,163.Pruth (River),41.Pulteney, William,190.Punjaub,137,204.Puritans,3,61,121,125,161,162,164,195,219,225,232.Pusey, Dr.,184.Puysac, Battle of,106.Pyat, Félix,60.Pym, John,15,95.Quarterly Review,63.Quebec,113.Queensberry, Lord,206.Queensland,20,92,124,191,207.Querini, The,254.Quesnay, Dr.,83.Raghoba,205,222,245.Rajputs,159.Rákóczy,140,141,246.Raleigh, Sir Walter,42.Rammerkins,49.Rammohun Roy,37.Ranjit Singh,234,264.Rastadt, Treaty of,267.Ratisbon, Diet of,47,210.Ravenna,78.Raymond, Count of Toulouse,6,247.Red River,99.Redmond, John,189.Reformation,9,15,16,19,38,50,74,77,78,83,98,105,115,116,119,121,126,127,150,153,157,161,167,190,212,214,215,235,250,259,268,275,279.Reims,9.Reinach, Baron de,186.Retz, Cardinal de,102.Rhætia,249.Rhine (River),221.Rhine, Circle of the,236.Rhine, Confederation of the,255.Rhineland,163.Rhode Island,79,149,252,272.Rhodes,158.Rhodes, Cecil,131.Rhodesia,136.Ribbing, Count,11.Richard I of England,48,58,133.Richard II of England,2,59,149,152,279.Richard III of England,28,94,117.Richard, Duke of Normandy,216.Richelieu, Cardinal,37,53,82,86,217.Richter, Eugen,101.Riel, Louis,209,216.Rienzi, Colas de,143.Riet (River),175.Riga,149.Ritchie, C. T.,149.River Plate,196.Rivera, President,33.Rivoli, Battle of,87.Robert of Normandy,43.Roberts, Lord,114,219.Robespierre, Maximilien,38,77,124,133,143,169,172,250,252,260.Robinson, Mrs. Mary,193,202.Robustelli, General,268.Rochdale,66.Roederer,58.Roger of Salisbury,89.Rohan, Cardinal de,76.Rohillas,27.Roland,185.Roland, Mme.,54.Rolf the Ganger,55.Romagna,145.Rome,143,190,199,217,218,229,254.Rome, Church of,3,11,16,19,21,24,30,31,37,41,56,61,62,63,64,68,70,73,75,78,83,89,120,124,125,126,127,132,143,144,146,154,178,185,186,193,196,198,203,204,211,226,264,265,268,272,273,279,281.Romney,54.Roncesvalles, Battle of,185.Rooke, Sir George,272.Rosebery, Lord,147.Roumania,28.Roussillon,23,205.Rudolph I, Emperor,120.Rudolph II, Emperor,19,157,202,261.Ruel, Treaty of,102.Rump, The,202.Rupert of Bavaria,155.Rupertsland,121.Russell, Edward, Earl of Orford,134.Russell, Lord John,57.Russell, William, Lord,68,220.Rustchuk,205.Ruthven, Alexander,108.Rye,54.Ryssel,24.Ryswick, Peace of,19.Sadleir, John,37.Sadowa, Battle of,201.Saez,134.Saffi,218.St. André, Maréchal de,261.St. Bartholomew, Massacre of,187,198.St. Benedict,27.St. Bruno,48.St. Columba,277.St. Cuthbert of Durham,241.St. Dominic,78.St. Francis d’ Assisi,98.St. Francis Xavier,125.St. Gall,144,231.St. Just,172.St. Kitts,38.St. Lucia,187.St. Paul’s,94.St. Petersburg,73,75,184.St. Simon, Comte de,222.Saintonge,38,196.Salisbury, Cecil, Earl of,35.Salisbury, Joan, Countess of,90.Salisbury, Marquis of,180,232,269.Salsette,205,245.Salvador,50.Salza, Hermann von,251.Samurai,108,114,223.San Domingo,25.San Juan,275.Sancho II of Spain,53.Sandwich,54.Sandys, Sir Thomas,69.Sarasvati, Dayânandu,16.Sardinia,160,188,198,262,271,272,279,281.Sark (River),73.Saskatchewan,216.Satsuma,71.Savannah,232.Savary, General,158.Savonarola,195.Savoy,29,187,225,256,262,274.Saxony,126,201,232,236,261,271,279.Schaffhausen,252.Scheldt (River),151,274.Schleswig Holstein,104,151,201.Schmalkald, League of,213.Schoeman,267.Schomburgk, Sir Robert,227,268.Schönbrunn, Treaty of,202.Schumla,205.Schwyz,193,225.Scott, Dred,80.Scottish Acts of Parliament,55,87,164,214,229,265.Scottish Church,63,65,95,100,125,155,207,214,245.Scottish Political Parties,57,63,240.Scribe, Eugene,52.Scrooby,162.Sebastopol,188.Selim, Sultan of Egypt,159.Selim I of Turkey,166.Selim III of Turkey,132.Senecas,96,279.Seoul,220,255.Serrano, Marshal,76.Servia,5,27,28,180,230,236.Seven Bishops,74.Seven Years’ War,187.Seward, Secretary,35.Sforza, Duke of Milan,119,149.Shakers,169.Shanghai,170,180.Shannon (River),230.Shansi,247.Shays, David,232.Sherbrooke, Lord,3.Sheridan, R. B.,102.Sheriffmuir, Battle of,94.Sherman, General,232.Sheyk-ul-Islam,263.Shôgun,8,14,71,102,115,145,164.Shropshire,68,274.Siam,10,99.Siberia,73,172.Sibi Valley,103.Sicily,109,152,155,189,190,225,233,271.Sickingen, Franz von,175.Sidney, Algernon,220.Sidney, Sir Philip,96.Siena,218.Sierra Leone,122.Siéyès, Abbé,167.Sigismund, Emperor,64,123,195.Sigismund of Poland,251.Sikhs,137,141,204.Sikkim,172.Silesia,5,38.Silistria,3,205.Sillery,23,167.Sindhia,198.Sixtus IV, Pope,191.Slavs,135.Slidell,259.Smith, Adam,101.Smith, Joseph,168.Smith, W. H.,179.Sobat (River),2,91.Sobieski, John,278.Socinus, Lælius,237.Soleure,231,252.Solferino, Battle of,272.Solway Moss, Battle of,18.Somers, John, Lord,134.Somerset, Edward, Duke of,214.Sophia, Electress of Hanover,231,244.Sophia of Russia,243.Sorate,213.Soudan,2.Soudan, French,91.Soult, Marshal,272.South Africa,93,142.South African Republic,seeTransvaal.South America,19,41,86,103,125,126,147,165,177,185,213.South Australia,20,92.South Carolina,177,185,228,242,252.Spain,3,4,7,8,9,13,16,19,21,23,25,28,44,47,53,67,75,88,90,93,102,103,109,117,119,126,127,130,132,134,140,150,160,167,168,174,187,189,198,205,220,222,223,225,232,234,239,256,261,267,269,270,271,272.Spencer, Earl,165.Spencer, Henry, Bishop of Norwich,94.Spithead,176.Stambuloff,6.Stamford,95.Stamford, Statute of,205.Stanton, Secretary,250.Stanislas Augustus of Poland,22,248.Stanislas Leszczynski,197.Stauffacher of Schwyz,111.Steele, Sir Richard,139.Stein, Freiherr von,85.Stellenbosch,116,142.Stephen of England,275.Stephen, Sir George,142.Stephens, James,92.Stettin,277.Stevens, Uriah S.,139.Stockholm,33.Stork,1.Strafford, Earl of,253.Strasburg,36,99,221.Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury,192.Strode, William,95.Strogonof,261.Stuart, Charles Edward,98,219,280.Stuart, Henry, Cardinal York,143.Stuart, James Edward,19,179.Suabia,19,116,144,191,236.Sujah-ul-Mulk, Shah,234.Sully, Duc de,145.Sulu Islands,8.Sungari (River),140.Sunni,233.Surabjah Dowlah,31.Surat,25.Surat, Treaty of,205.Surinam,38.Sutlej (River),264.Suwarrow, General,132.Sweden,1,4,11,