[74]Among the shorter fragments preserved by him are one of Bacchylides (in c. 25), and another from theTelephusof Euripides (in c. 26). Two lines of theDanaëare, it should in strict accuracy be stated, quoted as follows by Athenaeus ix. 396E:—ὦ τέκος, οἷον ἔχω πόνον·σὺ δ’ ἀωτεῖς, γαλαθηνῷ δ’ ἤτορι κνώσσεις.
[74]Among the shorter fragments preserved by him are one of Bacchylides (in c. 25), and another from theTelephusof Euripides (in c. 26). Two lines of theDanaëare, it should in strict accuracy be stated, quoted as follows by Athenaeus ix. 396E:—
ὦ τέκος, οἷον ἔχω πόνον·σὺ δ’ ἀωτεῖς, γαλαθηνῷ δ’ ἤτορι κνώσσεις.
[75]de C.V.2147. There is, perhaps, room for a book or dissertation onQuotation in Classical Antiquity: with reference to such points as the citation or non-citation of authorities, the employment of literary illustrations, the poetical quotations in the Orators or in the Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία or in the Poets themselves; and so forth. On the question of verbal fidelity, something is said in the present editor’s brief article on ‘Dionysius of Halicarnassus as an authority for the Text of Thucydides’ (Classical Reviewxiv. 244-246); and such quotations as that fromOdyss.xvi. 1-16 in c. 3 of the present treatise might be critically examined from the same point of view. A similar study ofTranslation in Classical Antiquitywould also be a useful piece of work.
[75]de C.V.2147. There is, perhaps, room for a book or dissertation onQuotation in Classical Antiquity: with reference to such points as the citation or non-citation of authorities, the employment of literary illustrations, the poetical quotations in the Orators or in the Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία or in the Poets themselves; and so forth. On the question of verbal fidelity, something is said in the present editor’s brief article on ‘Dionysius of Halicarnassus as an authority for the Text of Thucydides’ (Classical Reviewxiv. 244-246); and such quotations as that fromOdyss.xvi. 1-16 in c. 3 of the present treatise might be critically examined from the same point of view. A similar study ofTranslation in Classical Antiquitywould also be a useful piece of work.
[76]de C.V.944. Of Phylarchus as a historian Polybius himself gives an unflattering account.
[76]de C.V.944. Of Phylarchus as a historian Polybius himself gives an unflattering account.
[77]S. H. ButcherHarvard Lectures on Greek Subjectsp. 114. Cp. J. L. Strachan Davidson inHellenicapp. 414, 416: “The Nemesis of his contempt for the form and style of his writing has come on Polybius in the neglect which he has experienced at the hands of the modern world.... He has not the genius, and will not take the trouble to acquire the trained sensitiveness of art which might have supplied its place; and thus his writing has no distinction and no charm, and we miss in reading him what gives half their value to great writers—the consciousness that we are in the hands of a master.” But, on the other hand, see J. B. Bury’sAncient Greek Historians, e.g. pp. 196, 218, 220.
[77]S. H. ButcherHarvard Lectures on Greek Subjectsp. 114. Cp. J. L. Strachan Davidson inHellenicapp. 414, 416: “The Nemesis of his contempt for the form and style of his writing has come on Polybius in the neglect which he has experienced at the hands of the modern world.... He has not the genius, and will not take the trouble to acquire the trained sensitiveness of art which might have supplied its place; and thus his writing has no distinction and no charm, and we miss in reading him what gives half their value to great writers—the consciousness that we are in the hands of a master.” But, on the other hand, see J. B. Bury’sAncient Greek Historians, e.g. pp. 196, 218, 220.
[78]Cicero (Or.63. 212) says, with reference to the various ways of ending the period, “e quibus unum est secuta Asia maxime, qui dichoreus vocatur, cum duo extremi chorei sunt.” And Quintilian (ix. 4. 103) “claudet et dichoreus, id est idem pes sibi ipse iungetur, quo Asiani usi plurimum; cuius exemplum Cicero ponit:Patris dictum sapiens temeritas fili comprobavit.” The dichoree is condemned also in thede Sublim.c. 41 μικροποιοῦν δ’ οὐδὲν οὕτως ἐν τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς, ὡς ῥυθμὸς κεκλασμένος λόγων καὶ σεσοβημένος, οἷον δὴ πυρρίχιοι καὶ τροχαῖοι καὶ διχόρειοι, τέλεον εἰς ὀρχηστικὸν συνεκπίπτοντες ... ὡς ἐνίοτε προειδότας τὰς ὀφειλομένας καταλήξεις αὐτοὺς ὑποκρούειν τοῖς λέγουσι καὶ φθάνοντας ὡς ἐν χορῷ τινι προαποδιδόναι τὴν βάσιν. It is theconstant recurrenceof the same feet that is to be deprecated (cp. Aristot.Rhet.iii. 8. 1, and Theon.Progymn.in WalzRhet. Gr.i. 169); a single dichoree would not be avoided even by Dionysius himself, e.g. νοῦν ἐχόντων (1925). Cicero’s appreciation of Carbo’spatris dictum sapiens temeritas fili comprobavitmay be instructively compared with Dionysius’ attitude towards the general question of good and bad rhythms. They both seem to allow too little for other considerations; one of them approves, and the other disapproves, the final dichoree; and both agree in the main point, that there should be plenty of variety: “hoc dichoreo (sc.comprobavit) tantus clamor contionis excitatus est, ut admirabile esset. quaero nonne id numerus effecerit? verborum ordinem immuta, fac sic: ‘comprobavit fili temeritas,’ iam nihil erit, etsi ‘temeritas’ ex tribus brevibus et longa est, quam Aristoteles ut optimum probat, a quo dissentio. ‘at eadem verba, eadem sententia.’ animo istuc satis est, auribus non satis. sed id crebrius fieri non oportet; primum enim numerus agnoscitur, deinde satiat, postea cognita facilitate contemnitur” (Cic.Orat.63. 214). Hegesias’ lack of ear seems, further, to be shown in the awkward accumulation of disyllables; e.g. διὰ τῶνποδῶν χαλκοῦνψάλιον διείρανταςἕλκειν κύκλῳ γυμνόν(18817), andτρόπῳ σκαιὸν ἐχθρόν(1905). Cp.1323 μήτ’ ὀλιγοσύλλαβα πολλὰ ἑξῆς λαμβάνοντα.
[78]Cicero (Or.63. 212) says, with reference to the various ways of ending the period, “e quibus unum est secuta Asia maxime, qui dichoreus vocatur, cum duo extremi chorei sunt.” And Quintilian (ix. 4. 103) “claudet et dichoreus, id est idem pes sibi ipse iungetur, quo Asiani usi plurimum; cuius exemplum Cicero ponit:Patris dictum sapiens temeritas fili comprobavit.” The dichoree is condemned also in thede Sublim.c. 41 μικροποιοῦν δ’ οὐδὲν οὕτως ἐν τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς, ὡς ῥυθμὸς κεκλασμένος λόγων καὶ σεσοβημένος, οἷον δὴ πυρρίχιοι καὶ τροχαῖοι καὶ διχόρειοι, τέλεον εἰς ὀρχηστικὸν συνεκπίπτοντες ... ὡς ἐνίοτε προειδότας τὰς ὀφειλομένας καταλήξεις αὐτοὺς ὑποκρούειν τοῖς λέγουσι καὶ φθάνοντας ὡς ἐν χορῷ τινι προαποδιδόναι τὴν βάσιν. It is theconstant recurrenceof the same feet that is to be deprecated (cp. Aristot.Rhet.iii. 8. 1, and Theon.Progymn.in WalzRhet. Gr.i. 169); a single dichoree would not be avoided even by Dionysius himself, e.g. νοῦν ἐχόντων (1925). Cicero’s appreciation of Carbo’spatris dictum sapiens temeritas fili comprobavitmay be instructively compared with Dionysius’ attitude towards the general question of good and bad rhythms. They both seem to allow too little for other considerations; one of them approves, and the other disapproves, the final dichoree; and both agree in the main point, that there should be plenty of variety: “hoc dichoreo (sc.comprobavit) tantus clamor contionis excitatus est, ut admirabile esset. quaero nonne id numerus effecerit? verborum ordinem immuta, fac sic: ‘comprobavit fili temeritas,’ iam nihil erit, etsi ‘temeritas’ ex tribus brevibus et longa est, quam Aristoteles ut optimum probat, a quo dissentio. ‘at eadem verba, eadem sententia.’ animo istuc satis est, auribus non satis. sed id crebrius fieri non oportet; primum enim numerus agnoscitur, deinde satiat, postea cognita facilitate contemnitur” (Cic.Orat.63. 214). Hegesias’ lack of ear seems, further, to be shown in the awkward accumulation of disyllables; e.g. διὰ τῶνποδῶν χαλκοῦνψάλιον διείρανταςἕλκειν κύκλῳ γυμνόν(18817), andτρόπῳ σκαιὸν ἐχθρόν(1905). Cp.1323 μήτ’ ὀλιγοσύλλαβα πολλὰ ἑξῆς λαμβάνοντα.
[79]Modern parallels are dangerous, but the detractors of Macaulay might be disposed to compare his short detached sentences (so different from the elaborate periods of some earlier English prose-writers) with those of Hegesias.
[79]Modern parallels are dangerous, but the detractors of Macaulay might be disposed to compare his short detached sentences (so different from the elaborate periods of some earlier English prose-writers) with those of Hegesias.
[80]In this last extract, all the sentences end in dichorees. The fragments of Hegesias have been collected by C. MüllerScriptores Rerum Alexandri Magnipp. 138-144.
[80]In this last extract, all the sentences end in dichorees. The fragments of Hegesias have been collected by C. MüllerScriptores Rerum Alexandri Magnipp. 138-144.
[81]With παραφθείρας cp. Cic.Brut.83. 286 “atque Charisi [an imitator of Lysias] vult Hegesias esse similis, isque se ita putat Atticum, ut veros illos prae se paene agrestes putet. at quid est tam fractum, tam minutum, tam in ipsa, quam tamen consequitur, concinnitate puerile?” For the influence which Hegesias had on style as late as the time of Pausanias cp. J. G. Frazer’sPausaniasi. lxix. lxx., and BlassDie Rhythmen der asianischen und römischen Kunstprosapp. 91 ff.
[81]With παραφθείρας cp. Cic.Brut.83. 286 “atque Charisi [an imitator of Lysias] vult Hegesias esse similis, isque se ita putat Atticum, ut veros illos prae se paene agrestes putet. at quid est tam fractum, tam minutum, tam in ipsa, quam tamen consequitur, concinnitate puerile?” For the influence which Hegesias had on style as late as the time of Pausanias cp. J. G. Frazer’sPausaniasi. lxix. lxx., and BlassDie Rhythmen der asianischen und römischen Kunstprosapp. 91 ff.
[82]e.g. καθάπερ13813; ἀναίσθιος, ὑποδεκτική, ἀκόμψευστον, ἔχοντα21221-24; see also19624, 25. The issue is often so perplexing that no editor can feel certain whether F’s reading or P’s should be placed in his text: he only knows thatbothreadings must be recordedeitherin the text or in the critical footnotes. For thestrong pointsof F see such passages as pp.182,184in c. 18.
[82]e.g. καθάπερ13813; ἀναίσθιος, ὑποδεκτική, ἀκόμψευστον, ἔχοντα21221-24; see also19624, 25. The issue is often so perplexing that no editor can feel certain whether F’s reading or P’s should be placed in his text: he only knows thatbothreadings must be recordedeitherin the text or in the critical footnotes. For thestrong pointsof F see such passages as pp.182,184in c. 18.
[83]Other examples of thesevariae lectiones, pointing perhaps sometimes to a sort of double recension, are such as οὐδέτερον μὲν εὔμορφον, ἧττον δὲ δυσειδὲς τὸ ε̄ (1444: REF), compared with οὐδέτερον μὲν εὔηχον, ἧττον δὲ δυσηχὲς τὸ ο̄ (1444: PMV),662 νεωστὶ PMV, ἄρτι F;10023 ἐνταῦθα PMV, ἐνθάδε F;19818 and24428 πάνυ PMV, σφόδρα F. Continually F’s readings differ from P’s in such a way that either alternative is quite satisfactory and neither could well have originated in any manuscript corruption of the other. Under the same head will come minute variations (not always recorded in this edition) of word-order in the traditions represented by F and P. So, too, with such minutiae as the elision or non-elision of final vowels, and the insertion or non-insertion of ν ἐφελκυστικόν.
[83]Other examples of thesevariae lectiones, pointing perhaps sometimes to a sort of double recension, are such as οὐδέτερον μὲν εὔμορφον, ἧττον δὲ δυσειδὲς τὸ ε̄ (1444: REF), compared with οὐδέτερον μὲν εὔηχον, ἧττον δὲ δυσηχὲς τὸ ο̄ (1444: PMV),662 νεωστὶ PMV, ἄρτι F;10023 ἐνταῦθα PMV, ἐνθάδε F;19818 and24428 πάνυ PMV, σφόδρα F. Continually F’s readings differ from P’s in such a way that either alternative is quite satisfactory and neither could well have originated in any manuscript corruption of the other. Under the same head will come minute variations (not always recorded in this edition) of word-order in the traditions represented by F and P. So, too, with such minutiae as the elision or non-elision of final vowels, and the insertion or non-insertion of ν ἐφελκυστικόν.
[84]F’s πλεῖστον κίνδυνον for πλείστους κινδύνους in2445 seems due to a desire to diminish the number of sigmas in the sentence, while some minute changes in word-order look like deliberate attempts to improve the flow and sound of the passage. Such discrepancies in the word-order of F and P occur in other parts of the treatise, and not simply in the quotations.
[84]F’s πλεῖστον κίνδυνον for πλείστους κινδύνους in2445 seems due to a desire to diminish the number of sigmas in the sentence, while some minute changes in word-order look like deliberate attempts to improve the flow and sound of the passage. Such discrepancies in the word-order of F and P occur in other parts of the treatise, and not simply in the quotations.
[85]HomerOdysseyxv. 125.
[85]HomerOdysseyxv. 125.
[86]HomerOdysseyxv. 126, 127.
[86]HomerOdysseyxv. 126, 127.
[87]BergkPoetae Lyrici Graeci,Fragm. Adesp.85.
[87]BergkPoetae Lyrici Graeci,Fragm. Adesp.85.
[88]Bergkibid.; PhiloxenusFragm.6.
[88]Bergkibid.; PhiloxenusFragm.6.
[89]HomerOdysseyxvi. 1-16. The verse-translations, here and throughout, are from the hand of Mr. A. S. Way.
[89]HomerOdysseyxvi. 1-16. The verse-translations, here and throughout, are from the hand of Mr. A. S. Way.
[90]Herodotus i. 8-10.
[90]Herodotus i. 8-10.
[91]HomerIliadxii. 433-5.
[91]HomerIliadxii. 433-5.
[92]Euphorio Chersonesita; cp. Hephaest. c. 16.
[92]Euphorio Chersonesita; cp. Hephaest. c. 16.
[93]HomerIliadxiii. 392, 393.
[93]HomerIliadxiii. 392, 393.
[94]SotadesFragm.
[94]SotadesFragm.
[95]EuripidesFragm.924 (Nauck).
[95]EuripidesFragm.924 (Nauck).
[96]Herodotus i. 6.
[96]Herodotus i. 6.
[97]Thucydides i. 24.
[97]Thucydides i. 24.
[98]HegesiasFragm.; cp. C. MüllerScriptores Rerum Alexandri Magnip. 138.
[98]HegesiasFragm.; cp. C. MüllerScriptores Rerum Alexandri Magnip. 138.
[99]HomerOdysseyxvi. 273, xvii. 202, xxiv. 157.
[99]HomerOdysseyxvi. 273, xvii. 202, xxiv. 157.
[100]Cp. HomerOdysseyvi. 230, 231; viii. 20; xxiii. 157, 158; xxiv. 369.
[100]Cp. HomerOdysseyvi. 230, 231; viii. 20; xxiii. 157, 158; xxiv. 369.
[101]Cp. Demosthenesde Corona296.
[101]Cp. Demosthenesde Corona296.
[102]HomerOdysseyi. 1.
[102]HomerOdysseyi. 1.
[103]HomerIliadi. 1.
[103]HomerIliadi. 1.
[104]HomerOdysseyiii. 1.
[104]HomerOdysseyiii. 1.
[105]HomerIliadv. 115;Odysseyiv. 762, vi. 324.
[105]HomerIliadv. 115;Odysseyiv. 762, vi. 324.
[106]HomerIliadii. 484.
[106]HomerIliadii. 484.
[107]HomerIliadxxiv. 486.
[107]HomerIliadxxiv. 486.
[108]HomerIliadxxi. 20.
[108]HomerIliadxxi. 20.
[109]HomerIliadxxii. 467.
[109]HomerIliadxxii. 467.
[110]HomerOdysseyxxii. 17.
[110]HomerOdysseyxxii. 17.
[111]HomerIliadii. 89.
[111]HomerIliadii. 89.
[112]HomerIliadxix. 103-4.
[112]HomerIliadxix. 103-4.
[113]HomerIliadi. 459, ii. 422 etc.
[113]HomerIliadi. 459, ii. 422 etc.
[114]HomerIliadiv. 125.
[114]HomerIliadiv. 125.
[115]HomerOdysseyvi. 115-6.
[115]HomerOdysseyvi. 115-6.
[116]HomerOdysseyxiv. 425.
[116]HomerOdysseyxiv. 425.
[117]HomerOdysseyiii. 449-50.
[117]HomerOdysseyiii. 449-50.
[118]Demosthenesde Corona, init.
[118]Demosthenesde Corona, init.
[119]Demosthenesde Pace6.
[119]Demosthenesde Pace6.
[120]DemosthenesAristocr.1.
[120]DemosthenesAristocr.1.
[121]Thucydides iii. 57.
[121]Thucydides iii. 57.
[122]Demosthenesde Corona119.
[122]Demosthenesde Corona119.
[123]Demosthenesde Corona179.
[123]Demosthenesde Corona179.
[124]DemosthenesPhilipp.iii. 17.
[124]DemosthenesPhilipp.iii. 17.
[125]PlatoMenex.236E.
[125]PlatoMenex.236E.
[126]Aeschinesc. Ctes.202.
[126]Aeschinesc. Ctes.202.
[127]SophoclesFragm.706 (Nauck).
[127]SophoclesFragm.706 (Nauck).
[128]DemosthenesLept.2.
[128]DemosthenesLept.2.
[129]EuripidesOrestes140-2.
[129]EuripidesOrestes140-2.
[130]PindarFragm.79 (Schroeder).
[130]PindarFragm.79 (Schroeder).
[131]HomerIliadxvii. 265.
[131]HomerIliadxvii. 265.
[132]HomerOdysseyix. 415-16.
[132]HomerOdysseyix. 415-16.
[133]HomerIliadxxii. 220-1.
[133]HomerIliadxxii. 220-1.
[134]HomerIliadxxii. 476.
[134]HomerIliadxxii. 476.
[135]HomerIliadxviii. 225.
[135]HomerIliadxviii. 225.
[136]HomerOdysseyv. 402.
[136]HomerOdysseyv. 402.
[137]HomerIliadxii. 207.
[137]HomerIliadxii. 207.
[138]HomerIliadii. 209 (and 210).
[138]HomerIliadii. 209 (and 210).
[139]HomerIliadxvi. 361.
[139]HomerIliadxvi. 361.
[140]HomerOdysseyxvii. 36-7; xix. 53-4.
[140]HomerOdysseyxvii. 36-7; xix. 53-4.
[141]HomerOdysseyvi. 162-3.
[141]HomerOdysseyvi. 162-3.
[142]HomerOdysseyxi. 281-2.
[142]HomerOdysseyxi. 281-2.
[143]HomerOdysseyvi. 137.
[143]HomerOdysseyvi. 137.
[144]HomerOdysseyxi. 36-7.
[144]HomerOdysseyxi. 36-7.
[145]HomerIliadiv. 452-3.
[145]HomerIliadiv. 452-3.
[146]HomerIliadxxi. 240-2.
[146]HomerIliadxxi. 240-2.
[147]HomerOdysseyix. 289-90.
[147]HomerOdysseyix. 289-90.
[148]HomerIliadii. 494-501.
[148]HomerIliadii. 494-501.
[149]BergkP.L.G., Fragm. Adesp.112; NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.136.
[149]BergkP.L.G., Fragm. Adesp.112; NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.136.
[150]Cp. EuripidesHecuba163-4.
[150]Cp. EuripidesHecuba163-4.
[151]NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.138.
[151]NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.138.
[152]ArchilochusFragm.66 (BergkP.L.G.).
[152]ArchilochusFragm.66 (BergkP.L.G.).
[153]BergkP.L.G., Fragm. Adesp.108.
[153]BergkP.L.G., Fragm. Adesp.108.
[154]NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.139.
[154]NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.139.
[155]NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.140.
[155]NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.140.
[156]EuripidesHippolytus201.
[156]EuripidesHippolytus201.
[157]HomerOdysseyix. 39.
[157]HomerOdysseyix. 39.
[158]BergkP.L.G., Fragm. Adesp.111; NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.141.
[158]BergkP.L.G., Fragm. Adesp.111; NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.141.
[159]BergkP.L.G., Fragm. Adesp.117; NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.142.
[159]BergkP.L.G., Fragm. Adesp.117; NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.142.
[160]BergkP.L.G., Fragm. Adesp.110; NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.143.
[160]BergkP.L.G., Fragm. Adesp.110; NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.143.
[161]BergkP.L.G., Fragm. Adesp.116; NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.144.
[161]BergkP.L.G., Fragm. Adesp.116; NauckT.G.F., Fragm. Adesp.144.
[162]Thucydides ii. 35.
[162]Thucydides ii. 35.
[163]Here and elsewhere, no attempt has been made to secure metrical equivalence between the Greek original and the English version. A metrical analysis, or “scansion,” of the original Greek is given in the notes.
[163]Here and elsewhere, no attempt has been made to secure metrical equivalence between the Greek original and the English version. A metrical analysis, or “scansion,” of the original Greek is given in the notes.
[164]PlatoMenexenus236 D.
[164]PlatoMenexenus236 D.
[165]HomerIliadxxiii. 382.
[165]HomerIliadxxiii. 382.
[166]Demosthenesde Coronainit.
[166]Demosthenesde Coronainit.
[167]Demosthenesde Coronainit.
[167]Demosthenesde Coronainit.
[168]C. MüllerScriptores Rerum Alexandri Magnip. 141 (Hegesiae Fragmenta).
[168]C. MüllerScriptores Rerum Alexandri Magnip. 141 (Hegesiae Fragmenta).
[169]HomerIliadxxii. 395-411.
[169]HomerIliadxxii. 395-411.
[170]HomerOdysseyxi. 593-6.
[170]HomerOdysseyxi. 593-6.
[171]HomerOdysseyxi. 596-7.
[171]HomerOdysseyxi. 596-7.
[172]HomerOdysseyxi. 597-8.
[172]HomerOdysseyxi. 597-8.
[173]PindarFragm.213 (Schroeder).
[173]PindarFragm.213 (Schroeder).
[174]PindarFragm.75 (Schroeder).
[174]PindarFragm.75 (Schroeder).
[175]Thucydides i. 1.
[175]Thucydides i. 1.
[176]Thucydides i. 22.
[176]Thucydides i. 22.
[177]SapphoFragm.i. (Bergk): translated by A. S. Way.
[177]SapphoFragm.i. (Bergk): translated by A. S. Way.
[178]IsocratesAreopagiticus§§ 1-5.
[178]IsocratesAreopagiticus§§ 1-5.
[179]HomerIliadxxi. 196-7.
[179]HomerIliadxxi. 196-7.
[180]cp. DemosthenesChers.48.
[180]cp. DemosthenesChers.48.
[181]EpicurusFragm.230 (Usener).
[181]EpicurusFragm.230 (Usener).
[182]DemosthenesAristocr.1.
[182]DemosthenesAristocr.1.
[183]Fragm. Orphica, Mullach i. 166.
[183]Fragm. Orphica, Mullach i. 166.
[184]Aristot.Rhet.iii. 8.
[184]Aristot.Rhet.iii. 8.
[185]AristophanesNubes961.
[185]AristophanesNubes961.
[186]CallimachusFragm.391 (Schneider).
[186]CallimachusFragm.391 (Schneider).
[187]SapphoFragm.106 (Bergk).
[187]SapphoFragm.106 (Bergk).
[188]AristophanesNubes962.
[188]AristophanesNubes962.
[189]EuripidesArchelaus; NauckT.G.F.,Eurip. Fragm.229.
[189]EuripidesArchelaus; NauckT.G.F.,Eurip. Fragm.229.
[190]Demosthenesde Corona§ 1.
[190]Demosthenesde Corona§ 1.
[191]BergkP.L.G.,Fragm. Adesp.118.
[191]BergkP.L.G.,Fragm. Adesp.118.
[192]BacchylidesFragm.11 (Jebb).
[192]BacchylidesFragm.11 (Jebb).
[193]PlatoRepublici. 1.
[193]PlatoRepublici. 1.
[194]HomerOdysseyxiv. 1-7.
[194]HomerOdysseyxiv. 1-7.
[195]EuripidesTelephus; NauckT.G.F., Eurip. Fragm.696.
[195]EuripidesTelephus; NauckT.G.F., Eurip. Fragm.696.
[196]EuripidesTelephus; NauckT.G.F., Eurip. Fragm.696.
[196]EuripidesTelephus; NauckT.G.F., Eurip. Fragm.696.
[197]SimonidesFragm.37 (Bergk): translated by A. S. Way.
[197]SimonidesFragm.37 (Bergk): translated by A. S. Way.
[198]HomerIliadxi. 514.
[198]HomerIliadxi. 514.
[199]ὁ σκοτεινός: cp. Dionys. Hal.de Thucyd.c. 46, Demetr.de Eloc.§ 192, Aristot.Rhet.iii. 5. 6.
[199]ὁ σκοτεινός: cp. Dionys. Hal.de Thucyd.c. 46, Demetr.de Eloc.§ 192, Aristot.Rhet.iii. 5. 6.
[200]A good practical recipe for brevity combined with clearness is given in theRhet. ad Alex.c. 30: συντόμως δὲ [δηλώσομεν], ἐὰν ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων καὶ τῶν ὀνομάτων περιαιρῶμεν τὰ μὴ ἀναγκαῖα ῥηθῆναι, ταῦτα μόνα καταλείποντες, ὧν ἀφαιρεθέντων ἀσαφὴς ἔσται ὁ λόγος.
[200]A good practical recipe for brevity combined with clearness is given in theRhet. ad Alex.c. 30: συντόμως δὲ [δηλώσομεν], ἐὰν ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων καὶ τῶν ὀνομάτων περιαιρῶμεν τὰ μὴ ἀναγκαῖα ῥηθῆναι, ταῦτα μόνα καταλείποντες, ὧν ἀφαιρεθέντων ἀσαφὴς ἔσται ὁ λόγος.
[201]He illustrates from the Introduction (προοίμιον) of Thucydides—the passage quoted inC.V.c. 22. A good example of the εἰρομένη λέξις in Thucydides (who is an acknowledged master of the κατεστραμμένη λέξις) is furnished by Thucyd. i. 9. 2: cp. p.119supra.
[201]He illustrates from the Introduction (προοίμιον) of Thucydides—the passage quoted inC.V.c. 22. A good example of the εἰρομένη λέξις in Thucydides (who is an acknowledged master of the κατεστραμμένη λέξις) is furnished by Thucyd. i. 9. 2: cp. p.119supra.
[202]Earlier (vii. 9. 6) in his treatise, Quintilian has quoted ‘Aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse’; and these oracular ambiguities had been glanced at previously by Aristotle (Rhet.iii. 5. 4).
[202]Earlier (vii. 9. 6) in his treatise, Quintilian has quoted ‘Aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse’; and these oracular ambiguities had been glanced at previously by Aristotle (Rhet.iii. 5. 4).
[203]In a passage of Aristotle (Eth. Nic.vi. 1142 b ἀλλ’ ὀρθότης τίς ἐστιν ἡ εὐβουλία βουλῆς) βουλῆς seems to be emphatic because so far separated from ὀρθότης. Cp. L. H. G. Greenwood in theClassical Reviewxix. 18, and the same writer’s translation (Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics Book Sixp. 111), “But deliberative excellence is rightness in deliberation.”
[203]In a passage of Aristotle (Eth. Nic.vi. 1142 b ἀλλ’ ὀρθότης τίς ἐστιν ἡ εὐβουλία βουλῆς) βουλῆς seems to be emphatic because so far separated from ὀρθότης. Cp. L. H. G. Greenwood in theClassical Reviewxix. 18, and the same writer’s translation (Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics Book Sixp. 111), “But deliberative excellence is rightness in deliberation.”
[204]Short and simple as it is, this last sentence is a good example of effective word-order. τριήρης is put early, to contrast it with φρούριον in the previous sentence. Then the time is indicated. Next τῶν Ἀθηναίων (removed from Thucydides’ usual position for a dependent genitive) is put in expressive juxtaposition to ὑπὸ τῶν Συρακοσιών. Lastly, the reason or circumstance is given: ἐφορμοῦσα τῷ λιμένι. And the rhythm of the sentence is not unpleasant.
[204]Short and simple as it is, this last sentence is a good example of effective word-order. τριήρης is put early, to contrast it with φρούριον in the previous sentence. Then the time is indicated. Next τῶν Ἀθηναίων (removed from Thucydides’ usual position for a dependent genitive) is put in expressive juxtaposition to ὑπὸ τῶν Συρακοσιών. Lastly, the reason or circumstance is given: ἐφορμοῦσα τῷ λιμένι. And the rhythm of the sentence is not unpleasant.
[205]Aristotle (Rhet.i. 15), in quoting the first line only, gives ταῦτ’ οὖν ἐγὼ κτλ.
[205]Aristotle (Rhet.i. 15), in quoting the first line only, gives ταῦτ’ οὖν ἐγὼ κτλ.
[206]In English it would be interesting to test, by these criteria, such usages (for usages they may be called in so far as they rest on the authority of many good writers) as the ‘split infinitive,’ or the preposition coming at the end of a sentence.
[206]In English it would be interesting to test, by these criteria, such usages (for usages they may be called in so far as they rest on the authority of many good writers) as the ‘split infinitive,’ or the preposition coming at the end of a sentence.
[207]The authenticity of these portions of theOdysseywas suspected in antiquity. But compareIliadxviii. 587-8 (quoted in Introduction p.13supra) orOdyss.xi. 160-1.
[207]The authenticity of these portions of theOdysseywas suspected in antiquity. But compareIliadxviii. 587-8 (quoted in Introduction p.13supra) orOdyss.xi. 160-1.
[208]The dates and stages of these changes cannot as yet be settled with precision. But the practical choice seems to be between the earliest and the latest values, though there is no doubt whatever that a distincthwas heard in all these sounds long after the fourth centuryB.C.
[208]The dates and stages of these changes cannot as yet be settled with precision. But the practical choice seems to be between the earliest and the latest values, though there is no doubt whatever that a distincthwas heard in all these sounds long after the fourth centuryB.C.
[209]It is not easy to determine precisely the sound of χθ, φθ (χθών, φθόνος) at the beginning of words, and the Committee therefore thinks it best to leave the option of (1) sounding the first consonants as κ and π respectively, and the θ as it is in other positions (this applies both to students who adopt the fricative and to those who adopt the primitive aspirate pronunciation of the letters in other positions), or (2) where the fricative pronunciation is adopted, of sounding χ and φ, in this position also, respectively as Scotchchand Englishf.
[209]It is not easy to determine precisely the sound of χθ, φθ (χθών, φθόνος) at the beginning of words, and the Committee therefore thinks it best to leave the option of (1) sounding the first consonants as κ and π respectively, and the θ as it is in other positions (this applies both to students who adopt the fricative and to those who adopt the primitive aspirate pronunciation of the letters in other positions), or (2) where the fricative pronunciation is adopted, of sounding χ and φ, in this position also, respectively as Scotchchand Englishf.
[210]This had actually happened in spoken Greek by the second centuryA.D.
[210]This had actually happened in spoken Greek by the second centuryA.D.
[211]This paragraph is taken fromThe Restored Pronunciation of Greek and Latin, 4th edition, Cambridge, 1908.
[211]This paragraph is taken fromThe Restored Pronunciation of Greek and Latin, 4th edition, Cambridge, 1908.
The thick numerals indicate the pages on which the quotations are found.
AeschinesCtes.202,116
ArchilochusFragm.66,170
AristophanesNubes961,256;ib.962,258
AristotleRhet.iii. 8,254
BacchylidesFragm.11,262
CallimachusFragm.391,256
DemosthenesAristocr.1,108,252.Chers.48,250.De Cor.1,108,182,184,260; 119,112; 179,114.Lept.2,118.De Pace6,108.Philipp.iii. 17,114
EpicurusFragm.230,250.
Euphorio ChersonesitaFragm.,86
EuripidesHecuba163-4,170.Hippolytus201,172.Orestes140-2,128.Fragm.229 (Archelaus),260; 696 (Telephus),276-8; 924,88
HegesiasFragm.,92;186-90
Herodotusi. 6,90; i. 8-10,80-82.
HomerIliadi. 1,98; i. 459,102; ii. 89,100; ii. 209,158; ii. 422,102; ii. 484,100; ii. 494-501,166; iv. 125,102; iv. 452-3,164; v. 115,100; xi. 514,280; xii. 207,158; xii. 433-5,84; xiii. 392-3,86; xvi. 361,158; xvii. 265,154; xviii. 225,156; xix. 103-4,100; xxi. 20,100; xxi. 196-7,248; xxi. 240-2,164; xxii. 220-1,156; xxii. 395-411,190-2; xxii. 467,100; xxii. 476,156; xxiii. 382,182; xxiv. 486,100.Odysseyi. 1,98; iii. 1,98; iii. 449-50,102; v. 402,158; vi. 115-6,102; vi. 137,162; vi. 162-3,162; vi. 230-1,92; ix. 39,172; ix. 289-90,164; ix. 415-6,156; xi. 36-7,162; xi. 281-2,162; xi. 593-8,202-4; xiv. 1-8,274-6; xiv. 425,102; xv. 125-7,64; xvi. 1-16,76-78; xvi. 273,92; xvii. 36, 37,162; xix. 53, 54,162; xxii. 17,100
IsocratesAreop.1-5,242-4
OrphicaFragm.,252
PhiloxenusFragm.6,68
PindarFragm.75,214-6; 79,148; 213,210
PlatoMenex.236D,180; 236E,116;Rep.i. 1,266
SapphoFragm.1 (Hymn to Aphrodite),238-40; 106,258
SimonidesFragm.37 (Danaë),278-80
SophoclesFragm.706,116
SotadesFragm.,88
Thucydidesi. 1,224-28; i. 22,228; i. 24,90; ii. 35,178; iii. 57,110
Anonymous Fragments(chiefly Lyrical) on pages68(Bergk 85),168(Bergk 112, Nauck 136),170(N. 138; B. 108);172(N. 139, 140);174(B. 110, N. 143; B. 111, N. 141; B. 116, N. 144; B. 117, N. 142);262(B. 118)
The numerals indicate the pages to which reference is made. As the contents of the Greek text are fully summarized on pp.1-9supra, and as many of the more characteristic Greek words find a place in the Glossary, the brief entries in Index B will be found to refer mainly to the Introduction and the Notes.
Accent41-43,126ff.,196,292,320,328,329
Adjective102,103,299
Adverb70,100,299
Aeschines116
Aeschylus12,20,214,215
Agathon304
Alcaeus194,248,249
Alexander of Macedon186,187
Amphibrachys172,184,287
Anacreon236
Anagnostes338
Anapaest172,287
Anaximenesxi(Preface). See also under ‘Rhetorica ad Alexandrum,’ p.357infra
Anthology, epigrams from66,335
Antigonus94
Antimachus214
Antiphon29,120,332
Antithesis247,288
Aphrodite, Sappho’s Hymn to238-41
Apollonius Rhodius156
Appellative71,319
Archaism212,290
Archilochus171
Architecture in relation to literary composition28,106
Aristophanes12,22,123,143,290,304,311,314,335
Aristophanes of Byzantium218,278,320
Aristotlex-xii (Preface),15,34,35,39,40,48,71,75,139,153,155,163,165,166,168,171,176,189,214,246,247,248,249,254,255,268,290,291,292,301,308,309,310,312,313,315,316,318,319,320,325,329,334,336,337,340,passim