ῥυπαρός.13424.Filthy,sordid. Lat.sordidus.
ῥύσις.24421.Flow.Lat.fluxus.
ῥυσός.9210.Wrinkled.Lat.rugosus.
ῥώθωνες.14422, 23,14611,22025.Nostrils.Lat.nares. In14611 διὰ τῶν ῥωθώνων συνηχούμενα =nasal.
Σαπφικός.2587.Of Sappho.Lat.Sapphicus.
σαφήνεια.16022.Clearness,lucidity. Lat.perspicuitas. Fr.clarté,netteté. The adjectiveσαφήςoccurs in2104.
σελίς.1862.Page.Lat.pagina libri.
σεμνότης.842,11019,16420,16612,1702,17211,2368.Gravity,majesty. Lat.granditas,dignitas,gravitas. Fr.majesté. Soσεμνολογία12023,17417;σεμνός685,8012,848, etc. It is not easy to find a good equivalent for σεμνός, as ‘dignified’ comes nearer to ἀξιωματικός; ‘impressive’ (or the like) to μεγαλοπρεπής; ‘lofty,’ ‘elevated,’ or ‘sublime,’ to ὑψηλός. ‘Solemn,’ ‘majestic,’ ‘august,’ or ‘stately’ will sometimes serve.
σημαίνειν.743,13425.To betoken,to express. Lat.significare.
σιγμός.13810.A hissing.Lat.sibilus. Fr.sifflement.
σιωπή.21816,2202,2304.Silence,interval,pause. Lat.silentium,intermissio. Modern metrists who confine their attention to syllables are apt to neglect the interrelations of silence and sound. Dionysius would, on the contrary, have recognized that the pauses denoted by punctuation are the key to the metre in such lines as “Thy rankest fault; all of them; and require” (Tempestv. 1).
σκαιότης.2508.Clumsiness,stupidity. Lat.rusticitas,imperitia. Fr.gaucherie: cp. the editor’sAncient Boeotiansp. 6.
σκευωρία.2647.Elaboration. Lat.cura artificiosa. Cp.de Thucyd.c. 5 σκευωρίαν τεχνικήν, c. 29 μᾶλλον δὲ διθυραμβικῆς σκευωρίας οἰκειότερον: Hesych. σκευωρία· κατασκευή.
σκιερός.23413.Shady,dark. Lat.obscurus.
σκληρός.1321,15412.Hard.Lat.durus. Cp. D.H. p. 205.
σομφός.12225.Thick,husky. Lat.subraucus,fuscus. Cp. Schol. in M, σομφὸν ἤγουν θρυλιγμὸν καὶ ἐκμέλειαν. Some of theMSS.give ἀσύμφωνον, thus repeating a word used a few lines earlier.
σοφιστής.19010,26419.Sophist.Lat.sophista. The comprehensiveness of the term is well illustrated by the fact that in the former passage it is applied to Hegesias, in the latter to Isocrates and Plato. In the parallel passage of thede Demosth.(c. 51) ὁρῶν γε δὴ τούτους τοὺςθαυμαζομένους ἐπὶ σοφίᾳκαὶ κρατίστων λόγων ποιητὰς νομιζομένους Ἰσοκράτην καὶ Πλάτωνα γλυπτοῖς καὶ τορευτοῖς ἐοικότας ἐκφέροντας λόγους. Cp. Demetr. p. 301.
σπαδονίζειν.1429.To emasculate,to cramp. Lat.spadonium sonum reddere. This reading seems preferable on several grounds: (1) it is the more difficult of the two; (2) the sense of ‘choke the voice’ seems to agree well with οὐδὲ συγκόψει τοὺς ἤχους (1624 ‘and will not impede the voice’); (3) σπανίζειν (intransitive: cp.de Demosth.c. 32,de Thucyd.c. 19) τοῦ ἤχου would be more common than σπανίζειν τὸν ἦχον: (4) σπαδονισμοὺς τῶν ἤχων (‘impediments to sound,’ ‘arrested sounds’) occurs, without variant, inde Demosth.c. 40, and is adopted by U.-R. as well as by other editors; (5) the authority of R seems to support σπαδονίζει rather than (as U.-R. think) σπανίζει.
σπονδεῖος.1702,1787 (with πόδες),20220.Spondee.The metrical foot – –. Vossius thus describes the effect of the spondee: “hic pes incessum habet tardum et magnificum; itaque rebus gravibus, et maxime sacris, vel ipso attestante vocabulo, imprimis adhibetur.” Cp. Hor.Ars Poet.255 “tardior ut paulo graviorque veniret ad aures, | spondeos stabiles in iura paterna recepit [sc. iambus],” and Cic.Orat.64. 216.
σπουδάζειν.668,9416.To be eager.Lat.studere,sedulo operam navare. For the middle voice of this verb see note on p.95supra. The nounσπουδήoccurs in15614,1864,1927,21216.
σταθερός.2344.Steadfast.Lat.stabilis. τὸ σταθερόν =la lenteur grave.
στάθμη.2364.A carpenter’s line or rule.Lat.amussis. ἀπὸ στάθμης =velut ad amussim, ‘regulated by line and rule, by square and level.”
στενός.14219,1463.Narrow.Lat.angustus. In1463 it is coupled with λεπτός.
στηριγμός.20224.A sustaining(of the voice on certain syllables),a pause. Lat.mora. See under ἐγκάθισμα, p.297supra; and under ἀντιστηριγμός, p.288supra. Soστηριχθῆναι22018, ‘to be firmly planted,’ ‘to be sustained.’
στιβαρός.21616.Hardy,robust. Lat.robustus. The word occurs also inde Thucyd.c. 24. Cp. the Frenchnerveux. Hesych. στιβαρόν· εὔρωστον, βαρύ, εὔτονον, στεῤῥόν, ἰσχυρόν. As is pointed out by Larue van Hook (Metaphorical Terminology of Greek Rhetoricp. 20), both Latin and English abound in similar terms of style drawn from good physical condition:nervi,vires,vigor,lacerti,ossa,robur:full-blooded,hearty,lively,lusty,muscular,nervous,robust,sinewy,supple,strenuous,vigorous, etc.
στίχος.862, 12,887, etc.A line of poetry.Lat.versus. Inde Thucyd.c. 19 the word is used with reference to prose: ὅτι πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα πράγματα παραλιπών, τὸ προοίμιον τῆς ἱστορίας μέχρι πεντακοσίων ἐκμηκύνει στίχων.
στοιχεῖον.7011, 20,10810,1109,1381, etc.Element.Lat.elementum. Soστοιχειώδης13814. With the use of στοιχεῖον in c. 14 cp. Aristot.Poet.c. 20, where the word is defined as φωνὴ ἀδιαίρετος, οὐ πᾶσα δέ, ἀλλ’ ἐξ ἧς πέφυκε συνετὴ γίγνεσθαι φωνή. In10810 the meaning practically is ‘principle,’ ‘rule.’
στρέφειν.2643,27011.To turn,to twist. Lat.torquere. In27011 the meaning may be conveyed by ‘to change the words about,’ ‘to permute or vary the order of the words,’ ‘to give a new turn to the sentence.’
στρογγύλος.11211.Compact,rounded,terse. Lat.rotundus. Fr.arrondi. See the examples quoted in D.H. p. 205, and addde Lys.c. 9 στρογγύλη καὶ πυκνή,de Isaeoc. 3 στρογγύλη τε καὶ δικανικὴ οὐχ ἧττόν ἐστιν ἡ Ἰσαίου λέξις τῆς Λυσίου. Soστρογγυλίζειν14215. Latin equivalents, or parallels, may be found in Horace’sore rotundo(Ars P.323), Cicero’scontortus(Orat.20. 66), Quintilian’scorrotundare(xi. 3. 102). “στρογγύλος is used of the new stylistic artifices of the sophistical rhetoric by AristophanesAcharn.686 (στρογγύλοις τοῖς ῥήμασι), and by PlatoPhaedr.234E. In later usage it is constantly used of periodic composition” (G. L. Hendrickson inAmerican Journal of Philologyxxv. 138).
στροφή.1946, 9, 10, 16, 19,25413,2725,2788.Strophe,stanza. Lat.stropha.
στρυφνός.2287.Harsh,astringent. Lat.acerbus. See D.H. p. 205 (s.v. στριφνός: inC.V.2287 F has στριφνόν), with the reference to Jebb’s equivalent ‘biting flavour’ (Att. Orr.i. 35).
στύφειν.15413.To draw up the mouth.Lat.astringere. Used of sounds that make the hearer pull a wry face and screw up his lips. Cp.de Demosth.c. 38 ἀνακοπὰς καὶ ἀντιστηριγμοὺς λαμβάνειν καὶ τραχύτητας ἐν ταῖς συμπλοκαῖς τῶν ὀνομάτων ἐπιστυφούσας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἡσυχῇ βούλεται.
συγγραφεύς.748,763,15417,20625,21415,22811,23618,24814.Prose-writer,historian. Lat.scriptor(prosaicus); (scriptor)historicus. ἱστοριογράφος (de Thucyd.c. 2) is a less ambiguous expression than συγγραφεύς (c. 5ibid.) or than λογογράφος (c. 20ibid.).—In689συγγράφειν=to compose(a treatise).
συγκοπή.15619,2307.Stoppage.Lat.impeditio. Soσυγκόπτειν(‘impede the voice,’ ‘check the utterance’)1624. [This meaning seems to bring the three passages fairly into line: otherwise συγκοπαὶ τῶν ἤχων, in2307, might well mean ‘durae sonorum collisiones et concursiones.’]
συγκροτεῖν.20616.To weld together.Lat.compingere,coagmentare.
σύγκρουσις.23027.Collision,concurrence,consonance. Lat.concursus. Fr.rencontre. Soσυγκρούειν20218,22410. Cp. Demetr. p. 302. The reference is to a succession of two vowels which do not form a diphthong, either in the same word (e.g. λᾶαν) or with hiatus between two words (e.g. ἄλγε’ ἔχοντα: or καὶ ἐλπίσας, τε ἔσεσθαι, καὶ ἀξιολογώτατον). Cp.de Demosth.c. 43. Cicero’s opinion of the ‘concourse of vowels’ (quoted by Quintil. ix. 4. 37) is given inOrat.23. 77 “verba etiam verbis quasi coagmentare neglegat; habet enim ille tamquam hiatus et concursus vocalium molle quiddam et quod indicet non ingratam neglegentiam de re hominis magis quam de verbis laborantis.” On the other hand, Pope (Essay on Criticism) states and exemplifies the weak side of hiatus by means of the line, ‘Tho’ oft the ear the open vowels tire’; and Cicero himself (Orat.44. 150) writes, “quod quidem Latina lingua sic observat, nemo ut tam rusticus sit qui vocales nolit coniungere.” In English, the question of hiatus raises sundry points of an interesting kind. Should we, for example, say ‘anhistorian’ and ‘anhistorical book,’ on the ground that the initial aspirate is evanescent when the accent falls on the second syllable; and similarly ‘anunited family’ but ‘aunion of hearts’?
συγκρύπτειν.13026.To hide,to disguise. Lat.occulere.
συγξεῖν.21022,2284,23212,23419.To polish.Lat.expolire. Cp.de Demosth.c. 40 πολλὴν σφόδρα ποιουμένη φροντίδα τοῦ συνεξέσθαι καὶ συνηλεῖφθαι καὶ προπετεῖς ἁπάντων αὐτῶν εἶναι τὰς ἁρμονίας.
συγχρώζεσθαι.24417.To be closely joined.Lat.cohaerere,mutuo se contingere.
συζυγία.8411,10417,10619, etc.Coupling,grouping,combination. Lat.coniunctio. Fr.liaison. Sode Demosth.c. 40 (the passage quoted s.v. συμβολή,infra).
συλλαβή.15016.Syllable.Lat.syllaba. Words like this serve to remind us how much of our modern rhetorical and grammatical terminology is taken direct from the Greek.
συλλεαίνειν.23020.To rub smooth,to polish. Lat.levigare,polire. Cp.de Demosth.c. 43 ἐν δὲ τῇ δευτέρᾳ περιόδῳ τραχύνεται μὲν ἡ σύνθεσις ἐν τῷ “μεγάλη γὰρ ῥοπή” διὰ τὸ μὴ συναλείφεσθαι τὰ δύο ρ ρ, καὶ ἐν τῷ “ἀνθρώπων πράγματα” διὰ τὸ μὴ συλλεαίνεσθαι ‹τὸ ν› τῷ ἑξῆς.
συμβεβηκότα, τά.988, 9,14014,2646,26819.The accidental, non-essential, qualities of a thing.Lat.accidentia. In26819 the reference is to the changes which words undergo in the way of contraction, expansion, acute or grave accentuation, etc.
συμβολή.21020,23213.Clashing.Lat.concursus. In23213 the reference is toles chocs des voyelles. Cp.de Demosth.c. 40 καὶ διὰ τοῦτο φεύγει μὲν ἁπάσῃ σπουδῇ τὰς τῶν φωνηέντων συμβολὰς ὡς τὴν λειότητα καὶ τὴν εὐέπειαν διασπώσας, φεύγει δέ, ὅση δύναμις αὐτῇ, τῶν ἡμιφώνων τε καὶ ἀφώνων γραμμάτων τὰς συζυγίας, ὅσαι τραχύνουσι τοὺς ἤχους καὶ ταράττειν δύνανται τὰς ἀκοάς.
σύμβολον.844.Token,label. Lat.signum.
συμμετρία.1307, 12,2462, 4,27010.Due proportion.Lat.iusta mensura. In27010 συμμετρία would seem to meanthe arrangement of the periods within the lines or verses(μέτρα: the variant ἐμμετρία is to be noticed); and with it should be compared συμμέτρως in27013, though there Upton suggests ἀσυμμέτρως and Schaefer συμμέτροις.συμμέτρωςoccurs also in2329; andσυμμετρεῖνin21218,27626. Cp.de Demosth.c. 43 ὥστε συμμετρηθῆναι πρὸς ἀνδρὸς πνεῦμα.
συμπληροῦν.18011,18216.To complete,to constitute. Lat.absolvere.
συμπλοκή.1609,1986,24016.Intertwining,blending. Lat.implicatio. Soσυμπλέκειν15417,2584. For the metaphor from weaving cp. ῥάπτειν and ὑφαίνειν: PindarNem.iv. 153 ῥήματα πλέκων: SwinburneErechtheus1487 “I have no will to weave too fine or far, | O queen, the weft of sweet with bitter speech.”
σύμπτωσις.24012.Concurrence.Lat.concursus.
συμφορητός.7222.Collected promiscuously,miscellaneous. Lat.collatus,collecticius.
συνάγειν.14418,2123.To contract.Lat.contrahere,coarctare.
συναλοιφή.10818,18017,2187,22224,25622.Blending,fusion,amalgamation. Lat.coitus,vocalium elisio. Fr.synalèphe(contraction, ou jonction de plusieurs voyelles). Soσυναλείφειν2201,22226,2348,2366,24417. Compare Demetr. p. 303, together with the passage there quoted from Quintil. ix. 4. 35-7 (including the words “coëuntes litterae, quae συναλοιφαί dicuntur”), and see (as to hiatus) Sandys’Oratorpp. 160 ff. and Laurand’sÉtudespp. 114-6. Cp.de Demosth.c. 43 καὶ κατ’ ἄλλους δύο τόπους ἢ τρεῖς τὰ ἡμίφωνα ‹καὶ ἄφωνα› παραπίπτοντα ἀλλήλοις τὰ φύσιν οὐκ ἔχοντα συναλείφεσθαι ἔν τε τῷ “τὸν Φίλιππον” καὶ ἐν τῷ “ταύτῃ φοβερὸν προσπολεμῆσαι” ταράττει τοὺς ἤχους μετρίως καὶ οὐκ ἐᾷ φαίνεσθαι μαλακούς· ἐν δὲ τῇ δευτέρᾳ περιόδῳ κτλ. (the remainder of the passage is given under συλλεαίνειν, p.324supra).
συναπαρτίζειν.21211,27013.To complete(the sense)simultaneously. Cp. Demetr.de Eloc.§§ 2, 10 (together with ἀπαρτίζειν in Glossary p. 267ibid.), and also the note on pp.270, 271supra. Cp.de Demosth.c. 39 ἔτι τῆς ἁρμονίας ταύτης οἰκεῖόν ἐστι καὶ τὸ τὰς περιόδους αὐτουργούς τινας εἶναι καὶ ἀφελεῖς καὶ μήτε συναπαρτιζούσας ἑαυταῖς τὸν νοῦν μήτε συμμεμετρημένας τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ λέγοντος μηδέ γε παραπληρώμασι τῶν ὀνομάτων οὐκ ἀναγκαίοις ὡς πρὸς τὴν ὑποκειμένην διάνοιαν χρωμένας μηδ’ εἰς θεατρικούς τινας καὶ γλαφυροὺς καταληγούσας ῥυθμούς.
συνάπτειν.20219,24020,2624.To link together.Lat.adiungere,connectere. Dionysius’ love of variety may be seen by comparing together2624,2584,25620, 22,25824.
συναρμόττειν.11814,13411,23419.To adapt one thing to another.Lat.accommodare. Used with reference to adjusting, dovetailing, interlinking.
συνασκεῖν.2821.To practise simultaneously.Lat.simul exercere.
σύνδεσμος.7014, 17,721,2187,2205,25827.Conjunction,connective,connecting word. Lat.copula,coniunctio. ‘Particle,’ or ‘connecting-particle,’ will sometimes be a suitable rendering, as the term includes particles like ἄρα (25827) and μέν and δή (Demetr.de Eloc.§§ 55, 56, 196), and may even be applied to prepositions (2205, 6). In a difficult passage of Aristot.Poetics(xx. 6), among the examples offered of σύνδεσμος are ἀμφί, περί, μέν, ἤτοι, as well as δέ. A good account of the word will be found in Cope’sIntroduction to Aristotle’s Rhetoricpp. 371-4, 392-7. See further Quintil. i. 4. 18; Aristot.Rhet.iii. 6. 6.
συνεδρεύειν.10010,16019.To attend,to accompany. Lat.assidere,adiungi. Used, in10010, of the accompanying relations (mode, place, time, etc.), which adverbs denote in reference to verbs.
συνεκτρέχειν.27424.To run out together,to be of the same length. Lat.aequis passibus concurrere.
συνεκφέρειν.24011.To pronounce concurrently.Lat.simul pronuntiare. Cp.συνεκφορά2303.
συνεφθαρμένος.12610,14412,23413.Imperceptibly blended,melting into each other. Lat.commistus. φθορά is the technical term for the mixing of colours in painting: e.g. Plut.Mor.346Aκαὶ γὰρ Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ ζωγράφος, ἀνθρώπων πρῶτος ἐξευρὼν φθορὰν καὶ ἀπόχρωσιν σκιᾶς, Ἀθηναῖος ἦν. Perhaps it is this sense of ‘fusion’ that led to φθορά being used, in Byzantine music, in some such sense as ‘modulation.’
συνεχής.23017, 20,24421,2461.Continuous,unbroken. Lat.continuus. Soσυνεχῶς1329,23029,28021.συνέχεια(2405) =coherence, ‘continuus compositionis tenor.’
συνηχεῖν.14021,14420,14611.To sound at the same time.Lat.consonare. In14021 the translation of the manuscript reading συνεχούσης may be “while all these are pronounced, the windpipe constricts the breath,” A. J. Ellisop. cit.p. 41 (with the note, “probably this is what Dionysius considered the cause of voice”).
σύνθεσις.685, 7, 19,703, 9,728,7415,789,862, 13,9019,13426 etc.,20010, 16,2021, 7,2049,23225,24023,2709.Composition.Lat.compositio. ‘Composition’ (with the addition of ‘literary,’ to mark it off from other kinds of composition) seems the least inadequate English rendering of σύνθεσις, and comes nearest to the usual Latin title. To judge by the actual contents of the treatise (which go beyond Dionysius’ occasional and fragmentary definitions), the term ‘putting-together’ can be applied not only to ὀνόματα, but (on the one side) to γράμματα and συλλαβαί and (on the other) to κῶλα and περίοδοι, and to a poem of Sappho or the proem of Thucydides. Hence ‘arrangement (ororder,ordonnance) of words’ proves, in practice, too narrow a title, though the euphonic and symphonic arrangement of words and the elements of words is the main theme, and though there is (as has been pointed out in the Introduction, p.11supra) some danger of ‘literary composition’ seeming to promise a treatment of the πραγματικὸς τόπος. One of the definitions of composition in theNew English Dictionarywill apply very fairly to thede Compositione Verborum: “the due arrangement of words into sentences, and of sentences into periods; the art of constructing sentences and of writing prose or verse,” while ἁρμονία (which is σύνθεσις in special reference to skilful and melodious combination) might well be defined in the words there quoted from theArte of Rhetoriqueof T. Wilson (1553A.D.): “composition ... is an apt joyning together of wordes in such order, that neither the eare shall espie any jerre, nor yet any man shalbe dulled with overlong drawing out of a sentence.” The form συνθήκη is found, in practically the same sense as σύνθεσις, in theEpitomec. 3; in Luciande conscrib. hist.c. 46 καὶ μὴν καὶ συνθήκῃ τῶν ὀνομάτων εὐκράτῳ καὶ μέσῃ χρηστέον; and in Chrysostomde Sacerdotioiv. 6 (quoted under ἀπαγγελία p.288supra). As Latin equivalents (in addition to ‘de Compositione Verborum’), ‘de Collocatione Verborum’ or ‘de Constructione Verborum’ might be supported out of Cicero’sOratorandde Oratore; and something might be said, too, in favour of ‘de Structura Orationis’ or (more fully) ‘de compositione, seu orationis partium apta inter se collocatione.’—συνθετικόςoccurs in10415, andσύνθετοςin14411,1763,1843.
σύνοψις.20813.A general view.Lat.conspectus. εἰς σύνοψιν ἐλθεῖν δυνάμενος would, in Aristotle’s conciser phrase, be: εὐσύνοπτος.—The verbσυνορᾶνoccurs in18422,συνιδεῖν1823.
συντάττεσθαι.805,9415,966,9819, 20,1045,10613,26421.To put together,to compose,to treat of. Lat.componere,tractare. Soσύνταγμα2149, andσύνταξις(‘arrangement,’ ‘co-ordination,’ ‘treatise’)943,962, 13, 16, etc.
συντιθέναι.683,7412,10611, etc.To arrange words or sounds,to compose. Lat.componere.
συνυφαίνειν.13412,16617,18414,2349, 20,2407.To weave together.Lat.contexere. Lucian (de conscrib. hist.48) uses the word: καὶ ἐπειδὰν ἀθροίσῃ ἅπαντα ἢ τὰ πλεῖστα, πρῶτα μὲν ὑπόμνημά τι συνυφαινέτω αὐτῶν κτλ. [The passage is given in full under χρῶμα, p.333infra.]
συνῳδός.22017,22416,2328.In harmony with,accordant. Lat.concors.
συριγμός.14614,1487,1601.A hissing.Lat.sibilus. Soσύριγμα1463. In1601 the reference is to the ‘whistling of ropes,’ the ‘shrieking of tackle’: cp. Virg.Aen.i. 87 “insequitur clamorque virumstridorque rudentum.”
σύρρυσις.16221.A flowing together,conflux. Lat.concursus. Two forms of the word are found: σύρρευσις and (as here) σύρρυσις.
συστέλλειν.14019,15225,2061.To compress.Lat.contrahere,corripere. Soσυστολή14218,26820.
συστρέφειν.2049.To abbreviate.Lat.contrahere. Cp. D.H. p. 206, and Demetr. p. 305 (s.v. συστροφή). The condensation indicated in2049 consists in the fact that the rollingdownof the stone is described in a single line, whereas the rollinguptakes four lines.
σφραγίς.2683.Seal,impression of a seal. Lat.signum.
σχέδιος.1865.Sudden,off-hand,impromptu. Lat.extemporalis. Cp. αὐτοσχέδιος p.291supra.
σχῆμα.8812,9019,1307,13211,14820 etc.,19625, 26,1986,passim.Figure,attitude. Lat.figura. See D.H. p. 206, and Demetr. p. 305, for various quotations and references (to which may be added CauseretLa Langue de la rhétorique et de la critique littéraire dans Ciceronpp. 176 ff.). Sometimes ‘construction’ will be a good rendering (e.g.de Isocr.c. 3), or ‘form’ (de Thucyd.c. 37): cp. Cic.Brut.17. 69 (‘sententiarum orationisque formae’). ‘Turns of expression’ (tours de phrase) will also serve occasionally.
σχηματίζειν.10418,10615,1081,11014,11218, 19, etc.To use a figure,to shape,to construct. Lat.figurare. Cp. D.H. p. 206, Demetr. p. 305.
σχηματισμός.11214, 20,1467,21221, etc.Configuration,construction;the employment of figures or turns of phrase. Lat.conformatio,figuratio.
σχολικός.2149.After the manner of lectures,tedious. Lat.longus. Dionysius has in mind treatises which are ‘academic’ rather than practical. Cp. Long.de Sublim.iii. 5 πολλὰ γὰρ ὥσπερ ἐκ μέθης τινὲς εἰς τὰ μηκέτι τοῦ πράγματος, ἴδια ἑαυτῶν καὶ σχολικὰ παραφέρονται πάθη.
σῶμα.13425.Person.Lat.persona. Same sense as πρόσωπον: compare, inEp.ii.ad Amm.c. 14, πρόσωπα δὲ παρ’ αὐτῷ τὰ πράγματα γίνεται with πράγματα δὲ ἀντὶ σωμάτων τὰ τοιαῦτα ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ γίνεται.
Σωτάδειος.881.Sotadean.Lat.Sotadeus. So called from Sotades, a native of Maroneia or of Crete, who lived under the early Ptolemies. The structure of the Sotadean verse is analyzed in P. Masqueray’sAbriss der griechischen Metrikpp. 141-4. For some further references see Demetr. p. 244.
ταμιεύειν.2464.To regulate,to manage. Lat.temperare,dispensare.
τάξις.7212, 18,1986, etc.Order.Lat.dispositio. Not identical in sense with σύνθεσις, which (in7218) forms part of one and the same sentence as τάξις. τάξις often (e.g. Aristot.Rhet.iii. 12. 6) refers to the marshalling of the subject matter of a speech.—The verbτάττεινoccurs (with various senses) in1267,1966,25410, etc.
ταπεινός.7412,7810,8013,9217,13423,1663,17611,18619.Low,mean,vulgar. Lat.humilis,abiectus. Soταπεινότης1929.
τάσις.1267, 9,1285, 11,19616.Tension,pitch,accent. Lat.intentio(vocis),accentus. Cp. προσῳδία p.320supra, and τόνος p.329infra. Definition in19616: τάσεις φωνῆς αἱ καλούμεναι προσῳδίαι. Quintil. i. 5. 22 “adhuc difficilior observatio est pertenores, (quos quidem ab antiquis dictostonorescomperi, videlicet declinato a Graecis verbo, qui τόνους dicunt) velaccentus, quas Graeci προσῳδίας vocant,” etc.
ταυτολογία.24026.Verbal reiteration,tautology. Lat.eiusdem verbi iteratio. This is, apparently, the earliest recorded use of the word, though Polybius employs the verb ταυτολογεῖν. Quintil. viii. 3. 50 “sicut ταυτολογία, id est eiusdem verbi aut sermonis iteratio. haec enim quamquam non magnopere a summis auctoribus vitata, interim vitium videri potest, in quod saepe incidit etiam Cicero, securus tam parvae observationis: sicut hoc loco,Non solum igitur illud iudicium iudicii simile, iudices, non fuit.” The English wordtautologymust have been unfamiliar when Philemon Holland translated theMoralsof Plutarch, since it is one of the terms included in the “explanation of certain obscure words” appended to Holland’s volume.
ταυτότης.13418,19220.Sameness,monotony. Lat.rerum earundem iteratio. Contrasted with μεταβολή: as in13418 διαναπαύειν δὲ τὴν ταυτότητά φημι δεῖν μεταβολὰς εὐκαίρους εἰσφέροντα.—Aristotle uses the word several times, in the sense of ‘identity.’
τέλειος.8421,11624,14417,15013, etc.Complete,perfect. Lat.absolutus,perfectus. See, further, note on20424.—Soτελειοῦν17813.—In1204,2685,τέλος= ‘end,’ ‘object.’
τελεταί.25215.Rites,mysteries. Lat.sacra arcana,ritus et caerimoniae. αἱ τελεταὶ τοῦ λόγου =sacra eloquentiae.
τετράμετρος.863, 14,2568, 13.Consisting of four metres or measures.Lat.tetrametrus(sc.versus: στίχος).
τετριμμένος.25229.Homely,ordinary. Lat.tritus. Fr.ordinaire. The word sometimes inclines to the sense ‘vulgar,’ ‘hackneyed,’ ‘banal,’ ‘rebattu’: cp. τέτριπται13422.
τέχνη.689,9410, 14,962,10410,13222, etc.Art,handbook. Lat.ars. αἱ τέχναι in Dionysius (cp. αἱ τέχναι τῶν λόγων, Aristot.Rhet.i. 1. 3) refers specially to rhetorical handbooks: e.g.2704,2823. αἱ ῥητορικαὶ τέχναι is often used to designate theRhetoricof Aristotle: e.g.25425, andEp. i. ad Amm.cc. 1, 2, etc.—In1243 τεχνίτης = ‘craftsman,’ ‘professional.’
τὴν ἄλλως.1766.To no purpose.Lat.temere. Coupled here with a negative: cp. Suidas, τηνάλλως. μάτην. καὶ οὐ τηνάλλως μετὰ τῆς ἀποφάσεως λέγεται.
τομή.722.Division.Lat.partitio. Fr.partie,subdivision.
τόνος.1265, 15, 19,1428.Tone,tension,pitch,accent. Lat.tonus,intentio(vocis),accentus. If τόνον be read in13616 and τόνος in2368, the meaning will beenergy: cp. D.H. p. 207. See also under τάσις p.328supra, and under περισπασμός p.316supra(for a passage of AristotRhet.iii. 1. 4).
τόπος.666,969,14418,16417,2488.Place,heading,department. Lat.locus. The πραγματικὸς τόπος (666) is thelocus rerum, as opposed to the λεκτικὸς τόπος (969). In this connexion not only τόπος, but τρόπος, τύπος, χαρακτήρ and μέρος are sometimes used by Dionysius.
τορευτός.26418.Worked in relief,chased. Lat.caelatus. So τορευτής =caelator,2668.
τραγῳδοποιός.23617,24814.Tragic poet,tragedian. Lat.tragicus poëta. [For the Greek expressions used to denote tragic and comic poets see H. Richards in theClassical Reviewxiv. 211.]
τρανός.23014.Clear,distinct. Lat.perspicuus. In earlier Greek the form τρανής is used: cp. Soph.Ajax23 ἴσμεν γὰρ οὐδὲν τρανές, ἀλλ’ ἀλώμεθα.
τραχύτης.2305,2328.Roughness.Lat.asperitas. Fr.âpreté,dureté. Soτραχύς13026,15412,2287,23415, etc.; andτραχύνειν13019,1469,20226,2064,21617,21818,24017. By ‘rough’ letters, in20226, Dionysius may probably mean the following letters found in the four lines quoted in2023-6: Σ, σ, φ (?), σ, γ, χ, στ, ζ, σ, σκ, πτ, σχ, σκ, φ (?); and among these, σκ, σχ and πτ may be regarded as ‘juxtapositions of rough letters.’