Joseph Watt, a pioneer of 1844, from whose "Recollections of Dr. John McLoughlin" I have already quoted, also said, in saidRecollections:[77]"The next I saw of the Doctor was in Oregon City, he having stayed at Fort Vancouver until all theimmigrants for that year [1844] had arrived. He was building a large flouring mill, at that time nearing its completion. He already had a saw mill in full blast, also was building a dwelling house, preparing to move to that place, which he did in the following spring. From that time to his death he was a prominent figure in Oregon City. Nothing pleased him better than to talk with the settlers, learn how they were getting along, their prospects, of their ability to live, and to help others. He was anxious that every one should be well and kept busy. He could not endure idleness or waste. Over-reaching, or, what we Americans call 'sharp practice,' he had no patience with whatever. As far as he was concerned all transactions were fair, straight-forward and honorable. Those who knew him best never thought of disputing his word or his declared intentions, although there were some high in authority who did this in after years, apparently for selfish motives; and through their representations, caused the U. S. Government to do an act of great injustice. But I am proud to be able to say that all, or nearly all of the first settlers, did not endorse the action, and never rested until the wrong was adjusted as nearly as it was possible to do so.... It appeared by common consent that he was practically the first governor of the great North Pacific Coast. No man ever fulfilled that trust better than Dr. John McLoughlin. He was always anxious over the Indian problem. No one understood the Indian character better than he did. All the Indians knew him as the great 'WhiteChief,' and believed whatever he said could be depended on; that he was not their enemy, but was strictly just with them in every thing;—could punish or reward, as he thought best, and no trouble grew out of it. But with the settlers the case was different.... Dr. McLoughlin! Kind, large-hearted Dr. John McLoughlin! One of nature's noblemen, who never feared to do his duty to his God, his country, his fellow-men and himself, even in the wilderness. The pioneers of this great North-West feel that they owe Dr. John McLoughlin a debt of gratitude above all price, and that they and their posterity will cherish his memory by a suitable monument placed on the highest pinnacle of fame within the State of Oregon."
Archbishop F. N. Blanchet came to Oregon in 1838 as Vicar-General of the Roman Catholic Church in Oregon. He was consecrated as Archbishop in Quebec in 1845. In his "Historical Sketches of the Catholic Church in Oregon" (published in 1878), from which I have already quoted, he also said of Dr. McLoughlin (pp. 8 and 9): "He was one of 'nature's noblemen' in every sphere of life. Of commanding presence, strict integrity, sound judgment, and correct principles of justice, no man was better qualified for the position he occupied as the father and friend of both the Indians and the whites who then jointly occupied the Pacific northwest. Dr. McLoughlin was the arbiter to whom both whites and Indians looked for the settlement of their differences, and the friend from whom they sought relief in alltheir difficulties.... Under the impartial supervision of this good and great man the business of the Hudson Bay Company prospered amazingly; he perpetuated peace between the Indians and the employes of the Company.... He also extended assistance to every immigrant whose necessities required it, and his good deeds have enshrined his name amidst the most honored of the pioneers of the Pacific Coast." And on page 71 Archbishop Blanchet said: "Dr. John McLoughlin was the father of the orphans and servants of the H. B. Co.; the father of the French-Canadian colonies of Cowlitz and Wallamette Valley; of all the American immigrants; and a great benefactor of the Catholic Church."
It will be remembered that Rev. Daniel Lee was a Methodist missionary, who came to Oregon in 1834. He worked faithfully and earnestly for about ten years when he returned to the Eastern States. He continued in the ministry and died about 1895. His son, Rev. William H. Lee, is the Pastor of the People's Mission Church at Colorado Springs. He was in Portland in 1905. In answer to the inquiry of Mr. G. H. Himes, Assistant Secretary of the Oregon Historical Society, Rev. William H. Lee wrote the following letter at his home, July 31, 1905, to Mr. Himes: "As the son of a pioneer Oregon Missionary I wish to add my tribute of respect to the memory of Dr. John McLoughlin. For 10 years my father Rev. Daniel Lee labored in missionary work in Oregon and during all these years John McLoughlin was his friend. When my Father and Mother wereunited in marriage it was within the hospitable walls of Ft. Vancouver and we treasure a marriage certificate signed by John McLoughlin as one of the witnesses. Many times have I heard my Father and Mother speak of the kindness of Dr. John McLoughlin. And one of the most pleasant memories of my recent visit to Portland was the privilege I had of stopping in Oregon City and placing some flowers on the grave of my Father and Mother's friend."
The well known writer, S. A. Clarke, who was an Oregon immigrant of 1850, published a two volume work in 1903, entitled: "Pioneer Days of Oregon History." In this work (vol. 1, pp. 214, 215) Mr. Clarke says of Dr. McLoughlin: "It was because of his loyalty to humanity and his kindness to Americans that he lost his high official station and was left almost heartbroken in his old age. We can afford to hold up in contrast those who profited by his bounty and left him to pay the bill; also those—be they Missionaries or who—that tried to rob him of his land claim, with the nobler minded man—John McLoughlin—who did so much and lost so much for humanity, and never expressed regret."
Mr. Clarke in this work (vol. 1, p. 226) narrates the following incident, which was told to him by Dr. William C. McKay, who was a grandson of Mrs. Dr. John McLoughlin. It will be remembered that her first husband was Alexander McKay, who was killed in the capture of the Tonquin in 1811. "In 1843 William Beagle and family reached Vancouver destitute, and he had the typhusfever. McLoughlin heard of it and told Dr. Barclay there was a sick and destitute family at the landing; to fix up a house for them, make them comfortable and attend to the sick.
"Dr. W. C. McKay had just returned from the States where he pursued medical studies. So the doctor invited him to assist in taking care of his patients. There was the mother and several children, who had all they needed for two months, until Beagle got better, when he went to Governor McLoughlin and asked what his bill was. 'Tut, tut, tut! bill, bill, bill! Take care of yourself, sir! That is the bill!" Beagle pleaded that even the doctor couldn't afford to take care of his family and treat them so long without pay. 'Tut, tut, tut,' was the reply. 'You do the best you can for some other man who is in trouble, and that will pay me.'
"He sent them up the Willamette, free of charge, sold them supplies that were necessary until Beagle could earn money, and was finally paid for them in full. This is but one instance in the many where the kindness and generosity of Dr. McLoughlin was manifested toward Americans who reached Vancouver sick and impoverished and received his generous and kindly care."
FOOTNOTES:
[1]See Document A at end of volume.
[1]See Document A at end of volume.
[2]See Document B.
[2]See Document B.
[3]See Document C.
[3]See Document C.
[4]Report of Naval Agent W. A. Slocum to the Secretary of State, March 26, 1837.
[4]Report of Naval Agent W. A. Slocum to the Secretary of State, March 26, 1837.
[5]Dunn'sHistory of the Oregon Territory, p. 143.
[5]Dunn'sHistory of the Oregon Territory, p. 143.
[6]Wilkes'sNarrative, iv, p. 327.
[6]Wilkes'sNarrative, iv, p. 327.
[7]See Document C.
[7]See Document C.
[8]John Dunn was an employée of the Hudson's Bay Company. He came from England to Fort Vancouver, in 1830, by sea. He returned to England in 1839 or 1840. The first edition of his history was published in London in 1844.
[8]John Dunn was an employée of the Hudson's Bay Company. He came from England to Fort Vancouver, in 1830, by sea. He returned to England in 1839 or 1840. The first edition of his history was published in London in 1844.
[9]Belcher'sNarrative of a Voyage Round the World, vol. i, p. 296.
[9]Belcher'sNarrative of a Voyage Round the World, vol. i, p. 296.
[10]As to the high regard which Wyeth retained through his life for Dr. McLoughlin, see Document O.
[10]As to the high regard which Wyeth retained through his life for Dr. McLoughlin, see Document O.
[11]See Document D.
[11]See Document D.
[12]Rev. Gustavus Hines,History of Oregon, p. 16.
[12]Rev. Gustavus Hines,History of Oregon, p. 16.
[13]Dr. H. K. Hines,Missionary History, p. 90.
[13]Dr. H. K. Hines,Missionary History, p. 90.
[14]Rev. Gustavus Hines,History of the Oregon Missions, pp. 31, 32; Dr. H. K. Hines,Missionary History, p. 156.
[14]Rev. Gustavus Hines,History of the Oregon Missions, pp. 31, 32; Dr. H. K. Hines,Missionary History, p. 156.
[15]Lee and Frost'sTen Years in Oregon, pp. 225, 226.
[15]Lee and Frost'sTen Years in Oregon, pp. 225, 226.
[16]See Documents E and F.
[16]See Documents E and F.
[17]Transactions, Oregon Pioneer Association for 1875, p. 45.
[17]Transactions, Oregon Pioneer Association for 1875, p. 45.
[18]History of Oregonby Rev. H. K. Hines, D.D., pp. 166, 167.
[18]History of Oregonby Rev. H. K. Hines, D.D., pp. 166, 167.
[19]Gray'sHistory of Oregon, pp. 268, 269.
[19]Gray'sHistory of Oregon, pp. 268, 269.
[20]"Narrative of Dr. McLoughlin" published in theQuarterlyof the Oregon Historical Society, June, 1900.
[20]"Narrative of Dr. McLoughlin" published in theQuarterlyof the Oregon Historical Society, June, 1900.
[21]Address of Medorum Crawford, in 1881. SeeTransactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1881, p. 14.
[21]Address of Medorum Crawford, in 1881. SeeTransactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1881, p. 14.
[22]SeeQuarterlyof the Oregon Historical Society, Vol. 3, pp. 398-426.
[22]SeeQuarterlyof the Oregon Historical Society, Vol. 3, pp. 398-426.
[23]Wilkes,History of Oregon, p. 95.
[23]Wilkes,History of Oregon, p. 95.
[24]See Theodore Roosevelt'sWinning of the West.
[24]See Theodore Roosevelt'sWinning of the West.
[25]Oregon Spectator, November 12, 1846.
[25]Oregon Spectator, November 12, 1846.
[26]A full summary will be found in Vol. 1, pp. 501-505,History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works.
[26]A full summary will be found in Vol. 1, pp. 501-505,History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works.
[27]See Document R.
[27]See Document R.
[28]See Document C.
[28]See Document C.
[29]Vol. 1, pp. 504, 505,History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works.
[29]Vol. 1, pp. 504, 505,History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works.
[30]Vol. 1, p. 31,History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works, from manuscript of Jesse Applegate.
[30]Vol. 1, p. 31,History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works, from manuscript of Jesse Applegate.
[31]See Document L.
[31]See Document L.
[32]White'sTen Years in Oregon, p. 200.
[32]White'sTen Years in Oregon, p. 200.
[33]Rev. Dr. H. K. Hines,Missionary History, p. 354.
[33]Rev. Dr. H. K. Hines,Missionary History, p. 354.
[34]See Document L.
[34]See Document L.
[35]Vol. 1, p. 204,History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works. See also Document L.
[35]Vol. 1, p. 204,History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works. See also Document L.
[36]This proclamation is set forth in full in Document I.
[36]This proclamation is set forth in full in Document I.
[37]This agreement is set forth in full in Document J.
[37]This agreement is set forth in full in Document J.
[38]Vol. 1, p. 253,History of the Pacific Northwest, by Elwood Evans;The River of the West, by Frances Fuller Victor, pp. 360, 361; Vol. 1, pp. 224, 225,History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works.
[38]Vol. 1, p. 253,History of the Pacific Northwest, by Elwood Evans;The River of the West, by Frances Fuller Victor, pp. 360, 361; Vol. 1, pp. 224, 225,History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works.
[39]Vol. 1, p. 207,History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works; Vol. 1, p. 243, Elwood Evans'sHistory of the Pacific Northwest. See also Document H.
[39]Vol. 1, p. 207,History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works; Vol. 1, p. 243, Elwood Evans'sHistory of the Pacific Northwest. See also Document H.
[40]See Document H, which is a true copy of all the Shortess petition as printed in 1844 by order of the United States Senate.
[40]See Document H, which is a true copy of all the Shortess petition as printed in 1844 by order of the United States Senate.
[41]See Document N.
[41]See Document N.
[42]See Document K.
[42]See Document K.
[43]Set forth in Document J.
[43]Set forth in Document J.
[44]Congressional Globe, Vol. 21, Part Second, p. 1079, first Session of 31st Congress.
[44]Congressional Globe, Vol. 21, Part Second, p. 1079, first Session of 31st Congress.
[45]This letter of Dr. McLoughlin is set forth in full in Document L. See also letter of William J. Berry, Document M.
[45]This letter of Dr. McLoughlin is set forth in full in Document L. See also letter of William J. Berry, Document M.
[46]See Document N, where excerpts from this speech are set forth.
[46]See Document N, where excerpts from this speech are set forth.
[47]White'sTen Years in Oregon, pp. 220, 221.
[47]White'sTen Years in Oregon, pp. 220, 221.
[48]Oregon Spectator, August 22 and 29, 1850.
[48]Oregon Spectator, August 22 and 29, 1850.
[49]Oregon Spectator, September 26, 1850.
[49]Oregon Spectator, September 26, 1850.
[50]Oregon Spectator, November 7, 1850.
[50]Oregon Spectator, November 7, 1850.
[51]Western Star(Milwaukee, Oregon) February 20, and March 13, 1851.
[51]Western Star(Milwaukee, Oregon) February 20, and March 13, 1851.
[52]Attention is called to the correspondence of S. R. Thurston, Nathaniel J. Wyeth, R. C. Winthrop and Dr. McLoughlin, which is set forth in Document O.
[52]Attention is called to the correspondence of S. R. Thurston, Nathaniel J. Wyeth, R. C. Winthrop and Dr. McLoughlin, which is set forth in Document O.
[53]See Document P.
[53]See Document P.
[54]House Journal, 1853-54, P. 165.
[54]House Journal, 1853-54, P. 165.
[55]See Document Q.
[55]See Document Q.
[56]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1887, p. 16.
[56]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1887, p. 16.
[57]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1888, p. 134.
[57]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1888, p. 134.
[58]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1888, pp. 135, 136.
[58]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1888, pp. 135, 136.
[59]For further opinions of contemporaries of Dr. McLoughlin, see Document S.
[59]For further opinions of contemporaries of Dr. McLoughlin, see Document S.
[60]Greenhow'sHistory of Oregon and California, pp. 323-325, 467-476 (second edition, 1845); Martin'sHudson Bay Territories and Vancouver's Island, pp. 151-165; Bryce'sThe Remarkable History of the Hudson's Bay Company, Chapters XXIV to XXIX.
[60]Greenhow'sHistory of Oregon and California, pp. 323-325, 467-476 (second edition, 1845); Martin'sHudson Bay Territories and Vancouver's Island, pp. 151-165; Bryce'sThe Remarkable History of the Hudson's Bay Company, Chapters XXIV to XXIX.
[61]This copy of the Shortess petition is made from the United States Senate Document as printed by its order of February 7, 1844. It is Senate Document 105, 28th Congress, 1st Session. One copy of this original Senate Document is in the possession of Milton W. Smith, Esq., of Portland, Oregon. By his courtesy the foregoing copy was made from said Senate Document. The purported copy of the Shortess petition in Gray'sHistory of Oregonand in Brown'sPolitical History of Oregonare not true copies.
[61]This copy of the Shortess petition is made from the United States Senate Document as printed by its order of February 7, 1844. It is Senate Document 105, 28th Congress, 1st Session. One copy of this original Senate Document is in the possession of Milton W. Smith, Esq., of Portland, Oregon. By his courtesy the foregoing copy was made from said Senate Document. The purported copy of the Shortess petition in Gray'sHistory of Oregonand in Brown'sPolitical History of Oregonare not true copies.
[62]See Document N.
[62]See Document N.
[63]Bernard's Heirs v. Ashley's Heirs, 18Howard(U. S. Supreme Court) 43; Hot Spring Cases, 2Otto(U. S. Supreme Court) 698, 706.
[63]Bernard's Heirs v. Ashley's Heirs, 18Howard(U. S. Supreme Court) 43; Hot Spring Cases, 2Otto(U. S. Supreme Court) 698, 706.
[64]Rev. Gustavus Hines,History of Oregon, Chapter x.
[64]Rev. Gustavus Hines,History of Oregon, Chapter x.
[65]See Document J.
[65]See Document J.
[66]Mrs. Frances F. Victor,The River of the West, pp. 359, 360;History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works, Vol. I, p. 223.
[66]Mrs. Frances F. Victor,The River of the West, pp. 359, 360;History of Oregon, Bancroft's Works, Vol. I, p. 223.
[67]See Document L, where this injunction by Thurston, written on the copy of his letter, is set forth in full.
[67]See Document L, where this injunction by Thurston, written on the copy of his letter, is set forth in full.
[68]Hall v. Russell, 101U. S., 503.
[68]Hall v. Russell, 101U. S., 503.
[69]This correspondence was also published in full in theWestern Star(published at Milwaukee, Oregon), in its issue of April 10, 1851.
[69]This correspondence was also published in full in theWestern Star(published at Milwaukee, Oregon), in its issue of April 10, 1851.
[70]See Document F.
[70]See Document F.
[71]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1876, p. 18.
[71]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1876, p. 18.
[72]Col. J. W. Nesmith was a Captain of Oregon volunteers in the Cayuse Indian War of 1847; and also in the Rogue River Indian War of 1852, and was Colonel of the First Regiment of Oregon Mounted Volunteers in the Yakima Indian War of 1855. He was a United States Senator and also a Representative to Congress from Oregon.
[72]Col. J. W. Nesmith was a Captain of Oregon volunteers in the Cayuse Indian War of 1847; and also in the Rogue River Indian War of 1852, and was Colonel of the First Regiment of Oregon Mounted Volunteers in the Yakima Indian War of 1855. He was a United States Senator and also a Representative to Congress from Oregon.
[73]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1876, p. 58.
[73]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1876, p. 58.
[74]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1879, pp. 29, 30.
[74]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1879, pp. 29, 30.
[75]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1875, p. 51.
[75]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1875, p. 51.
[76]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1882, p. 26.
[76]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1882, p. 26.
[77]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1886, pp. 25-27.
[77]Transactionsof the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1886, pp. 25-27.
INDEX
ABERNETHY, General George,65,66,109,116,122,126,134,135,187,209,211,223,235,240,243.
Abernethy Island,102,103,107,108,110,114,116,117,122,126,130,134,135,141,142,143,153,200,214,228,235,236,237,239,242,262.
Academy, Wesleyan,112(see alsoSchools).
Acapulco (Mex.),144.
Act, Organic,67;of 1848,114;trading,177.
Adams, Thomas (an Indian),185.
Agriculture,85,258.
Alaska,19.
America,38,175,180,279;British,32,95(see alsoCanada);North,41,177,178,179;South,189;a ship,68.
Americans,33,34,35,36,37,38,40,42,44,45-52,61,62,64,66,69,71,72,73,74,78,83,84,85,88,91,92,93,94,96,97,100,102,124,127,129,133,156,157,167,168,170,182,199,213,220,238,239,244,249,250,253,254,257,258,259,260,261,263,264,266,268,272,276,282,284,285,286.
Anderson, John,205.
Applegate, Jesse,67,99,108,119,120,150,151,224,237.
Apples,181(see alsoFruit).
Army, British,23,24,91,227.
Arnold, Benedict,130,230,234.
Arkansas (state),221.
Arrendrill, C. T.,205.
Articles of Agreement,224-226.
Astor, John Jacob,20,24.
Astoria,19,20,27,194,197,212.
Atlantic Ocean,279.
Attorneys,107,118,212,218,219,225,247.
BABCOCK, Dr. I. L.,210.
Bailey, Dr. —,210.
Baker's Bay,195.
Ball, John,257.
Baltimore,186.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe,History of Oregon, cited,92,97,99,107,110,116,211,227,229,270-272.
Baptists,133,238,263.
Barclay, Dr. —,76,286.
Barlow Road,91.
Bates, James M.,205.
Battles,23,24(see alsoWars).
Beagle, William,285.
Beaumont (Canadian parish),23.
Beaver, Rev. Herbert,34.
Beaver-skins,191.
Beef,43,44,45,195,267.
Beers, Alanson,65,205.
Belcher, Sir Edward,43,44,266,267,268,269.
Bellamy, G. W.,205.
Bellinger, Judge Charles B.,279.
Bennet, V.,205.
Berry, William J.,135.
Blanchet, Archbishop Francis Norbert,162;Historical Sketches, cited,98,99,283,284.
Blue Mountains,33.
Boats,78,184,201,232,263,280, (see alsoShips).
Bonds,208,209,217,218,225,227.
Bonneville, Captain —,33,49,117,199.
Boone, Daniel,83.
Boston (Mass.),48,52,186.
Bostons (name given to Americans),72,73,74.
Boundaries, of Oregon County,19,20,21,39,68,86,101,129,131,231,232,233,236.
Bowlin, —,229.
Brallier, Henry, letter by,196,197.
Bread,59.
Brewer, H. B.,205.
Bribery,143.
Bridges, J. C.,205.
British,35,39,40,64,67,68,92,97,157,165,166,215,216,231,232,239.
Brooks, Wm. (an Indian),185.
Broughtan, Lieut. —,28.
Brown, —,221.
Brown, G.,205.
Brown, Jeffrey,205.
Brown, J. Henry,Political History of Oregon, cited,66,119,209.
Brown, William,205.
Brum, William,205.
Bryant, Judge W. P.,122,130,133,134,135,142,148,152,228,229,235,239,240,241,243,249,262.
Bryce, —,The remarkable history of the Hudson's Bay Company, cited,181.
Buddha,146.
Burgoyne, General John,23.
Burnett, Peter H.,70,73,75,76,77,120,121,151,273,274.
Burns, Hugh,210.
Butler,59.
CALCUTTA (India),48.
California,19,25,37,44,45,50,51,52,64,69,76,123,124,138,199,248,252,253,281.
California Bill,132,234.
Cambridge (Mass.),45,258.