in chameleon,51;in ostrich,49;in reptiles,8,9,51Lydekker, R.,160,169,231Lyme Regis,33MMacrocercus, palate of,71Malar bone,67Mallard,22Mammal,8,12,24,79,53,95Mammalia,38,141Mammalian characters,12,220Mammoth,141Manis,40,57,142Manubrium of sternum,108,109,183Marrow bones in a bird,134Marsh, Professor O. C.,31,72,90,115,121,131,140,160,165,180,181,210,231Marsupial,70,94,99Megalosaurus,129,198Merganser,108Merry-thought,114Metacarpus,116,124,126,128,130Metatarsal bones,104,207,208Meyer, Hermann von,31,45,46,85,105,108,121,160,192,231Moa of New Zealand,35Mole, humerus,38;sternum,107Monotremes,70,94,111,121,185,218Mososaurus,77Movement of the leg,101Mugger,137Munich Museum,32,159Munster, von,231Muschelkalk,184Museum,32,156,231,159;Natural History,133,231Myrmecophaga,185NNames of genera,183Natural History Museum,38,231Neck,79;in Dimorphodon,145;in Giraffe,39;in Llama,79;in Pterodactyles,80;in Whales,39Newton, E. T.,55,70,158,160,201,232New Zealand Bat,25— — Hatteria,68Niobrara rock,183Nostril, bones round the,62;small,147Notarium,87,115Nothosauria,192Nusplingen,32Nyctodactylus,115,180OObliteration of characters,216Opercular bones,13Ophidia,52,191Optic lobes,53,221Organs of flight,17Ornithischia,190,198Ornithocephalus,166Ornithocheirus, atlas and axis,81;brain,55,69;carpus,124;cervical vertebra,83,179;claw phalange,129;coracoid,109;femur,100;pelvis,98;pubic bones,194;sternum,109;shoulder-girdle,115;remains,176;teeth,74,76;absence of teeth,138Ornithocheirus machærorhynchus,139;microdon,139Ornithocheiroidea,193Ornithodesmus, neck bones,173,175;coracoid,109,116;dorsal vertebræ,86;remains ofO. latidens,173;O. sagittirostris,175Ornithomorpha,189Ornithorhynchus,40,53,95,117Ornithosauria,30,31,50,52,58,72,89,95,104,108,125,132,133,143,187,190,192,216Ornithostoma,66,69,72,180;lower jaw,75,76;pelvis,98;sternum,110;phalange,122;size,133;skull,181,182Ornithosuchus,201Orycteropus,96Ossa innominata,93Ossified ligaments,150Ostrich,23,45,49,113,129Owen, Sir R.,31,36,46,48,110,117,143,172,176,180,231Owl,46,53Oxford Clay,33,156— University Museum,154Ox, vertebra of,79;metacarpus,127PPalate, bones of,71Pangolin,142Pappenheim,32Parallel groups,215Parrot,71Patagial membranes,227Pelican,174Pelvis,88,94-98,151,195,202,204,206Penguin,41,42,104,176Periophthalmus,17Peterborough, bones from,113,156Phalanges,129,132;wing finger,155Phillips, Professor John,155Pigeon,119Platydactylus,21Platypus,214Plesiosaurus,6,73,75,93,189Pleininger,149,232Pneumatic foramina,45,83,88,132,209Pond, Mr.,34Porcupine,40Porpoise,38,73,141,200Premaxillary bones,77,200,205Prepubic bones,94,96-98,194,204,205Protorosauria,192Ptenodracon brevirostris,64,99,167,169,192Pterodactyle aspects,35;avian characters,222;beak,200;brain,53;coracoid,113;discovery,27,33;foot,104;fore limb,117;history in Germany,31,148;hand,130;hind limb,100;long tails,156;palate,71;sacrum,89;short tails,165;size,35,133;sacrum,89;skull,192;teeth,73;vertebræ,80Pterodactyles from Kansas Chalk,177,181— from Lias Clay,135,147,152— from Neocomian Sand,176— from Oxford Clay,155— from Purbeck beds,173— from Solenhofen Slate,156,158— from Stonesfield Slate,153,158Pterodactylia,30,165,193,199Pterodactylus antiquus,167;brevirostris,99,167,169;crassirostris,156;dubius,87,96,97,203;elegans,169;Fraasii,169;grandipelvis,87,90;grandis,102,167,169;Kochi,12,61,87,90,168,169;longirostris,28,90,96,101,103,105,167,169;micronyx,105,169;rhamphastinus,183;scolopaciceps,105,166;spectabilis,83;suevicus,169Pterodermata,194,199Pteroid bone of first digit,121Pteromys,24Pterosauria,187,193Pterygoid bones,72,147Pythonomorpha,191QQuadrate bone,12,68,77Quenstedt,231RRabbit,227Radius,119,120Redshanks,22Relation between head and tail,157,193Reptile,6,79,80Resin,136Restorations—Campylognathus, palate of,71Dimorphodon,143,147,164Ornithocheirus,164Ornithostoma,164,183Ptenodracon,167Pterodactylus,29,30Rhamphocephalus,164Rhamphorhynchus,161,164Scaphognathus,163Rhacophorus,19Rhætic beds,184Rhamphocephalus,113,136,153Rhamphorhynchus,118,192;foot,104;hind limb,99;pelvis,95;sacrum,88;skull,54,63-6,69;sternum,108;tail,91;teeth,73;tibia and fibula,103;web-footed,105Rhamphorhynchus curtimanus,163;hirundinaceus,163;longimanus,164;phyllurus,91,165Rhinoceros,40,141Rhopoladon,97Rhynchocephala,192Roc,36Rochester,136Running limb,38Ryle, Bishop,17SSacrum,87,88St. George,15St. Ives,156Sarcorhamphus,102Saurians,27Saurischia,190,195,198,199Sauromorpha,191,192Sauropsida,188Sauropterygia,192Scaphognathus,64,85,140,152,192,212Scaphognathus crassirostris,73-5,83Scapular arch,111,113Scelidosaurus,135Sclerotic circle,65Seals,41Sedgwick, Professor Adam, v,46Shillington,77Shoebill,67Shoe-shaped prepubic bones,204,205Short-tailed pterodactyles,165,193Shoulder-girdle,107,111,114,115,183Siberia,141Simultaneous origin of characters,214,224Skin covering,40,41,58,139,140Skulls,68Sloth,112Snipe,47,68Solenhofen Slate,28,32,88,153,156Sömmerring,29South African reptiles,188,208,216Spotted fly-catcher,47Squamosal bone,12,13Sternal ribs,110Sternum,107,158Stonesfield Slate,33,88,153Structures common to reptiles,224Stuttgart Museum,32,172,203Swanage,172Swan, neck of,80,113Swift,50Swimming limb,
in chameleon,51;in ostrich,49;in reptiles,8,9,51Lydekker, R.,160,169,231Lyme Regis,33MMacrocercus, palate of,71Malar bone,67Mallard,22Mammal,8,12,24,79,53,95Mammalia,38,141Mammalian characters,12,220Mammoth,141Manis,40,57,142Manubrium of sternum,108,109,183Marrow bones in a bird,134Marsh, Professor O. C.,31,72,90,115,121,131,140,160,165,180,181,210,231Marsupial,70,94,99Megalosaurus,129,198Merganser,108Merry-thought,114Metacarpus,116,124,126,128,130Metatarsal bones,104,207,208Meyer, Hermann von,31,45,46,85,105,108,121,160,192,231Moa of New Zealand,35Mole, humerus,38;sternum,107Monotremes,70,94,111,121,185,218Mososaurus,77Movement of the leg,101Mugger,137Munich Museum,32,159Munster, von,231Muschelkalk,184Museum,32,156,231,159;Natural History,133,231Myrmecophaga,185NNames of genera,183Natural History Museum,38,231Neck,79;in Dimorphodon,145;in Giraffe,39;in Llama,79;in Pterodactyles,80;in Whales,39Newton, E. T.,55,70,158,160,201,232New Zealand Bat,25— — Hatteria,68Niobrara rock,183Nostril, bones round the,62;small,147Notarium,87,115Nothosauria,192Nusplingen,32Nyctodactylus,115,180OObliteration of characters,216Opercular bones,13Ophidia,52,191Optic lobes,53,221Organs of flight,17Ornithischia,190,198Ornithocephalus,166Ornithocheirus, atlas and axis,81;brain,55,69;carpus,124;cervical vertebra,83,179;claw phalange,129;coracoid,109;femur,100;pelvis,98;pubic bones,194;sternum,109;shoulder-girdle,115;remains,176;teeth,74,76;absence of teeth,138Ornithocheirus machærorhynchus,139;microdon,139Ornithocheiroidea,193Ornithodesmus, neck bones,173,175;coracoid,109,116;dorsal vertebræ,86;remains ofO. latidens,173;O. sagittirostris,175Ornithomorpha,189Ornithorhynchus,40,53,95,117Ornithosauria,30,31,50,52,58,72,89,95,104,108,125,132,133,143,187,190,192,216Ornithostoma,66,69,72,180;lower jaw,75,76;pelvis,98;sternum,110;phalange,122;size,133;skull,181,182Ornithosuchus,201Orycteropus,96Ossa innominata,93Ossified ligaments,150Ostrich,23,45,49,113,129Owen, Sir R.,31,36,46,48,110,117,143,172,176,180,231Owl,46,53Oxford Clay,33,156— University Museum,154Ox, vertebra of,79;metacarpus,127PPalate, bones of,71Pangolin,142Pappenheim,32Parallel groups,215Parrot,71Patagial membranes,227Pelican,174Pelvis,88,94-98,151,195,202,204,206Penguin,41,42,104,176Periophthalmus,17Peterborough, bones from,113,156Phalanges,129,132;wing finger,155Phillips, Professor John,155Pigeon,119Platydactylus,21Platypus,214Plesiosaurus,6,73,75,93,189Pleininger,149,232Pneumatic foramina,45,83,88,132,209Pond, Mr.,34Porcupine,40Porpoise,38,73,141,200Premaxillary bones,77,200,205Prepubic bones,94,96-98,194,204,205Protorosauria,192Ptenodracon brevirostris,64,99,167,169,192Pterodactyle aspects,35;avian characters,222;beak,200;brain,53;coracoid,113;discovery,27,33;foot,104;fore limb,117;history in Germany,31,148;hand,130;hind limb,100;long tails,156;palate,71;sacrum,89;short tails,165;size,35,133;sacrum,89;skull,192;teeth,73;vertebræ,80Pterodactyles from Kansas Chalk,177,181— from Lias Clay,135,147,152— from Neocomian Sand,176— from Oxford Clay,155— from Purbeck beds,173— from Solenhofen Slate,156,158— from Stonesfield Slate,153,158Pterodactylia,30,165,193,199Pterodactylus antiquus,167;brevirostris,99,167,169;crassirostris,156;dubius,87,96,97,203;elegans,169;Fraasii,169;grandipelvis,87,90;grandis,102,167,169;Kochi,12,61,87,90,168,169;longirostris,28,90,96,101,103,105,167,169;micronyx,105,169;rhamphastinus,183;scolopaciceps,105,166;spectabilis,83;suevicus,169Pterodermata,194,199Pteroid bone of first digit,121Pteromys,24Pterosauria,187,193Pterygoid bones,72,147Pythonomorpha,191QQuadrate bone,12,68,77Quenstedt,231RRabbit,227Radius,119,120Redshanks,22Relation between head and tail,157,193Reptile,6,79,80Resin,136Restorations—Campylognathus, palate of,71Dimorphodon,143,147,164Ornithocheirus,164Ornithostoma,164,183Ptenodracon,167Pterodactylus,29,30Rhamphocephalus,164Rhamphorhynchus,161,164Scaphognathus,163Rhacophorus,19Rhætic beds,184Rhamphocephalus,113,136,153Rhamphorhynchus,118,192;foot,104;hind limb,99;pelvis,95;sacrum,88;skull,54,63-6,69;sternum,108;tail,91;teeth,73;tibia and fibula,103;web-footed,105Rhamphorhynchus curtimanus,163;hirundinaceus,163;longimanus,164;phyllurus,91,165Rhinoceros,40,141Rhopoladon,97Rhynchocephala,192Roc,36Rochester,136Running limb,38Ryle, Bishop,17SSacrum,87,88St. George,15St. Ives,156Sarcorhamphus,102Saurians,27Saurischia,190,195,198,199Sauromorpha,191,192Sauropsida,188Sauropterygia,192Scaphognathus,64,85,140,152,192,212Scaphognathus crassirostris,73-5,83Scapular arch,111,113Scelidosaurus,135Sclerotic circle,65Seals,41Sedgwick, Professor Adam, v,46Shillington,77Shoebill,67Shoe-shaped prepubic bones,204,205Short-tailed pterodactyles,165,193Shoulder-girdle,107,111,114,115,183Siberia,141Simultaneous origin of characters,214,224Skin covering,40,41,58,139,140Skulls,68Sloth,112Snipe,47,68Solenhofen Slate,28,32,88,153,156Sömmerring,29South African reptiles,188,208,216Spotted fly-catcher,47Squamosal bone,12,13Sternal ribs,110Sternum,107,158Stonesfield Slate,33,88,153Structures common to reptiles,224Stuttgart Museum,32,172,203Swanage,172Swan, neck of,80,113Swift,50Swimming limb,