[23] Also called Separatists, and later known as Congregationalists.
[24] See pages 511, 676.
[25] Or Noncomformists. This name is still applied to English Protestants not members of the Anglican Church.
[26] A Latin phrase meaning "You may have the body."
[27] Whig had originally been applied to rebellious Presbyterians in Scotland; Tory had designated Roman Catholic outlaws in Ireland.
[28] See page 701. William had married James's eldest daughter, Mary.
[29] See page 696.
[30] See page 609.
[31] See page 597.
[32] Many important corrections were embodied in the Revised Version, published in 1881-1885 A.D. by a committee of English scholars.
Before 1000 B.C., and in some instances even later, nearly all dates must be regarded as merely approximate.
(Specially important dates are in italics)
3400Menes, king of Egypt3000-2500 The pyramid kings2000Hammurabi, king of Babylonia1800-1600 Rule of the Hyksos in Egypt1292-1225 Rameses II, king of Egypt1035-925 The undivided Hebrew monarchySaul, 1035-1015David, 985-955Solomon, 955-925925-722 Kingdom of Israel925-586 Kingdom of Judea722-705 Sargon II, king of Assyria705-681 Sennacherib, king of Assyria606Destruction of Nineveh604-561 Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylonia553-465 Persian kingsCyrus the Great, 553-529Cambyses, 529-522Darius I, 521-485Xerxes I, 485-465539Capture of Babylon by Cyrus the Great
1600-1100 The Aegean Age1100-750 Homeric Age776First recorded Olympiad750-500 Period of colonial expansion594-593 Reforms of Solon560-527 Tyranny of Pisistratus508-507 Reforms of Clisthenes499-493 Ionian Revolt490Battle of Marathon480Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis479Battles of Plataea and Mycale477-454 Delian League461-429 Age of Pericles431-404The Peloponnesian War404-371 Spartan supremacy401-400Expedition of the "Ten Thousand"371-362 Supremacy of Thebes371Battle of Leuctra362 Battle of Mantinea359-336 Philip II, king of Macedonia338Battle of Chaeronea336-323 Reign of Alexander the Great335 Destruction of Thebes334 Battle of the Granicus333 Battle of Issus332 Siege of Tyre; founding of Alexandria331Battle of Arbela323Death of Alexander
753(?)Founding of Rome753(?)-509(?) Legendary Roman kings 509(?) Establishment of the republic 449 Laws of the Twelve Tables 390(?)Battle of the Allia; capture of Rome by the Gauls340-338 Latin War; dissolution of the Latin League 327-290 Samnite Wars 281-272 War between Rome and Tarentum; invasion of Pyrrhus 264-241First Punic War218-201Second Punic War216 Battle of Cannae 202Battle of Zama201 Peace between Rome and Carthage 197 Macedonia becomes a dependent ally of Rome 190 Syria becomes a dependent ally of Rome 149-146 Third Punic War 146Destruction of Carthage and Corinth; Africa and Macedonia become Roman provinces133 Acquisition of the province of Asia; final subjugation of Spain 133 Tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus 123-122 Tribunate of Gaius Gracchus 112-106 Jugurthine War 102-101 Invasion of the Germans 90-88 The Social War 88-84 War with Mithridates 83-82 Civil War between Marius and Sulla 82-79 Dictatorship of Sulla 70 Impeachment of Verres 67 Pompey and the war with the pirates 63Conspiracy of Catiline60-53 First Triumvirate: Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar 58-50 Conquest of Gaul by Caesar 53 Defeat of Crassus by the Parthians at Carrhae 48 Battle of Pharsalus 44Assassination of Caesar43 Second Triumvirate: Lepidus, Antony, and Octavian 42 Battles of Philippi 31Battle of Actium
31 B.C.-68 A.D. The Julian and Claudian CaesarsAugustus, 31 B.C.-I4 A.D.Tiberius, 14-37Gaius (Caligula), 37-41Claudius, 41-54Nero 54-6827 Octavian receives the titleAugustus4(?) Birth of Christ
43-85 Conquest of Britain64 The Great Fire in Rome; Nero's persecution of theChristians68-69 The year of military revolution; Galba, Otho, andVitellius emperors69-96 The Flavian CaesarsVespasian, 69-79Titus, 79-81Domitian, 81-9670 Capture of Jerusalem by Titus79Destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum96-180 The "Good Emperors"Nerva, 96-98Trajan, 98-117Hadrian, 117-138Antoninus Pius, 138-161Marcus Aurelius, 161-180101-106 Conquest of Dacia by Trajan180-284 The "Soldier Emperors"Commodus, 180-192Septimius Severus, 193-211Aurelian, 270-275212Edict of Caracalla227 Rise of the Sassanian or New Persian Empire284Reorganization of the Roman Empire by Diocletian284-395 The "Absolute Emperors"/Diocletian, 284-305\Maximian, 286-305Constantine I, 306-337(sole emperor, 324-337)Julian, 361-363Theodosius I (East), 379-395311 Edict of Galerius312 Battle of the Milvian Bridge313Edict of Milan325Council of Nicaea326 330 Removal of the capital to Constantinople376 The Visigoths cross the Danube378 Battle of Adrianople395Death of Theodosius I410Capture of Rome by Alaric415-711 Visigothic kingdom in Spain (in Gaul, 415-507)429-534 Vandal kingdom in Africa443-534 Kingdom of the Burgundians449 Invasion of Britain by the Anglo-Saxons451Battle of Châlons455 Sack of Rome by the Vandals476Deposition of Romulus Angustulus
486 Clovis defeats the Romans at Soissons 493-553 Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy 496Clovis accepts Christianity527-565 Justinian, Roman emperor in the East 529(?) Rule of St. Benedict 568-774 Lombards in Italy 590-604 Pontificate of Gregory the Great 597 Augustine's mission to the Anglo-Saxons 610-641 Heraclius, Roman emperor in the East 622The Hegira632-661 The "Orthodox Caliphs" 661-750 The Ommiad Caliphs 711 Arabs and Berbers invade Spain 716-717 Siege of Constantinople by the Arabs 732Battle of Tours750-1058 The Abbassid Caliphs 768-814 Reign of Charlemagne 800Charlemagne crowned Emperor of the Romans829 England united under Egbert 843 Treaty of Verdun 862(?) Northmen under Ruric settle in Russia 870 Treaty of Mersen 871-901(?) Reign of Alfred the Great 911 Northmen settle in northwestern France (Normandy) 962Otto the Great crowned Holy Roman Emperor982 Greenland discovered 987-996 Reign of Hugh Capet 988 Christianity introduced into Russia 1000(?) Vinland discovered 1016 England conquered by Canute 1054 Final rupture of Greek and Roman churches 1066Battle of Hastings; Norman conquest of England1066-1087 William I, the Conqueror, king of England 1073-1085 Pontificate of Gregory VII 1077 Humiliation of Henry IV at Canossa 1090-1153 St. Bernard 1095-1291 The Crusades 1095Council of Clermont1099 Capture of Jerusalem 1147-1149 Second Crusade 1189-1192 Third Crusade 1202-1204 Fourth Crusade; sack of Constantinople 1204-1261 Latin Empire of Constantinople 1291Fall of Acre; end of the crusades1122 Concordat of Worms 1152-1190 Reign of Frederick I, Barbarossa 1154-1189 Henry II, king of England 1180-1223 Philip II, Augustus, king of France 1181(?)-1226 St. Francis of Assisi 1198-1216 Pontificate of Innocent III 1206-1227 Mongol conquests under Jenghiz Khan 1215Magna Carta1226-1270 Louis IX, the Saint, king of France 1230 Union of Léon and Castile 1237-1240 Mongol conquest of Russia 1254-1273 The Interregnum 1261 Fall of Latin Empire of Constantinople 1271-1295 Travels of Marco Polo 1272-1307 Edward I, king of England 1273Rudolf of Hapsburg becomes Holy Roman Emperor1285-1314 Philip IV, the Fair, king of France 1291 First Swiss Confederation 1295 "Model Parliament" of Edward I 1309-1377 "Babylonian Captivity" of the Papacy 1314 Battle of Bannockburn 1337-1453 Hundred Years' War 1346 Battle of Crécy 1356 Battle of Poitiers 1429 Joan of Arc appears 1348-1349 Black Death in Europe 1378-1417 The "Great Schism" 1381 Peasants' Revolt in England 1396 Greek first taught at Florence 1405 Death of Timur the Lame 1415 John Huss burned
1453Constantinople captured by the Ottoman Turks1455-1485 War of the Roses 1461-1483 Louis XI, king of France 1462-1505 Ivan III, the Great, tsar of Russia 1476 Caxton's printing press set up in England 1479 Castile and Aragon united under Ferdinand and Isabella 1485-1509 Henry VII, king of England 1488 Cape of Good Hope rounded by Diaz 1492America discovered by Columbus1497 North America rediscovered by John Cabot 1498Vasco da Gama reaches India1513 Discovery of the Pacific by Balboa 1517-1555 Reformation in Germany 1517The Ninety-five Theses1520 Burning of the papal bull 1521 Edict of Worms 1555 Peace of Augsburg 1519-1521 Mexico conquered by Cortés 1519-1522 Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe 1519-1556 Reign of Charles V 1531-1537 Peru conquered by Pizarro 1533-1558 Reformation in England 1534 Jesuit order founded by Loyola 1545-1563 Council of Trent 1556-1598 Reign of Philip II 1558-1603 Elizabeth, queen of England 1568-1609 Revolt of the Netherlands 1571 Battle of Lepanto 1572 Massacre of St. Bartholomew 1579 Union of Utrecht 1588Defeat of the Spanish Armada1589-1610 Henry IV, king of France 1598Edict of Nantes1600 English East India Company chartered 1603-1625 Reign of James I 1607 Colonization of Virginia; Jamestown founded 1611 Authorized Version of the Bible 1618-1648 Thirty Years' War 1625-1649 Reign of Charles I 1628 The Petition of Right 1630-1640 Puritan exodus to Massachusetts 1640 Meeting of the Long Parliament 1642-1649 The Great Rebellion 1643-1715 Louis XIV, king of France 1648Peace of Westphalia1649 Execution of Charles I 1649-1660 The Commonwealth and the Protectorate 1651 First Navigation Act 1660 Restoration of Charles II 1688-1689The "Glorious Revolution"1692 Salem witchcraft persecution 1702-1713 War of the Spanish Succession 1713Peace of Utrecht1744-1748 "King George's War" 1754-1763 "French and Indian War" 1763Peace of Paris