NOTESPage 1.—1-1.daeinen,E-4used as accusative of the indeclinable indefinite personal pronounman,one,them; trans. idiomatically by changing to passive construction,when they(i.e. university-students) are overburdened neither by learning nor by the contents of their pocketbooks.1-2.Er´langen, town and university of Bavaria, far-famed for its divinity school. Note the difference of accentuation betweenEr´langenanderla´ngen(to get, to obtain).1-3.ob ... sei, subjunctive of dependent question, narrated indirectly, the tense remaining the same as would be used when stated directly:„Ist die Welt wirklich so rund?“being the direct question.1-4.derHerrProfessor.Herr(andFrau) added to titles are not translated.1-5.es(introductory),there.1-6.ihrer(partitive genitive),of them.1-7.soverschieden sieauchwaren ...,however muchthey differed from one another ...1-8.ineinem(numeral, therefore with emphasis) =ineinemPunkte,in one respect.1-9.des Basses Grundgewalt,the full(fundamental)power of the bass, a quotation from Goethe’s „Faust,“ I, 2085-86:Wenn das Gewölbe widerschallt,Fühlt man erst rechtdes Basses Grundgewalt.When the vault echoes to the song,One first perceives the bass is deep and strong.(Bayard Taylor.)1-10.„wassergeprüft,“a literal but unidiomatic translation of the English cognate "waterproof," humorously for„wasserdicht“(Engl. cognate: "watertight").1-11.Nichte, (in students’ language) forGeliebte,the adored one;love;sweetheart.1-12."Hotel du Lac"(French ="Lake Hotel"—the French form to be retained in translation), a humorous allusion to the large hotels of the lakes of Switzerland, first-class in appointments and charges, which as a rule bear French names, while the less expensive stopping-places have such old-fashioned and unpretentious names as "The Bear Inn," "The Ox Inn," etc.Page 2.—2-1.hat man ...,conditional inversion =wenn man ... hat.2-2.nichts=kein Geld.2-3.so(here =dann)wird,then the order will beorthe order is given:2-4.die Gassen, in welchen es noch etwas zu zahlen gab,the streets where they owed money—the idea being: On their way to the railroad-station, the three students wisely evaded such streets where they owed money, fearing that, being seen there, by the heart-rending entreaties of their creditors they might be induced to spend part or all of their travelling money in settling old debts.2-5.Nr.stands forNummer.2-6.Bä´deker(Karl) of Leipzig, andMurray(John) of London, well-known editors and publishers, the first named of a German and the other of an English set of guide-books, both uniformly bound in red cloth.2-7.daran´,refers back to the contents of the preceding sentence,from doing so.2-8.das(der)Barome´ter, note the accent.2-9. The question„Wie viel Uhr hat es geschlagen?“("What time is it?") humorously used for„Wie steht es mit dem Wetter?“or„Wie sieht es mit dem Wetter aus?“("What are the weather-prospects?")2-10.geschlagen.Note the omission of the auxiliary verb in „dependent“ clauses.2-11.wir reisen, present tense for future, as frequently in German.2-12.du wirst ... packen, the future sometimes used for an emphatic imperative.Page 3.—3-1.auf(time, prospectively),for ...3-2.das andere findet sich(phrase),the rest will come of itself.3-3.der alte(=derselbe, der gleiche),as of old.3-4.es(indefinite), here fordie Reiseorwir.3-5.Dover, seaport in the county of Kent (England), on the Strait of Dover, and on one of the main lines between London and the Continent.3-6.es, refers toTöchterlein; agreement with grammatical gender;siewould also be correct.3-7.ihren Blicken, privative sense of dative—from her eyes.3-8.geht’s=gehtes,cf. Note 4, above.3-9.Sandhase(sandhare), humorously applied to a native of a flat and sandy district, such as are found in the farthest northwest of Germany.Page 4.—4-1.schon(adverb. idiom), difficult to render into English, here perhaps:readilyorunhesitatingly.4-2.es ist mir ... zu Mut(one of the many impersonal phrases),I feel.4-3. (sag’)nur(adverb. idiom), with an imperative:justtell, ordotell!4-4.es(introductory)giebt,there is.4-5.bescheiden,modestly,unassumingly. Note the sly irony.4-6.Buchau, a fictitious name;der bayrische Wald("the Bavarian Forest"), a wooded mountain-range in Eastern Bavaria.4-7. Distinguish betweenlange(adj.)JahreandJahrelang(adv.)for years.4-8.stiller Mondschein(still moonshine), familiarly and jocosely for „slight baldness.“4-9.das bayrische Wappen.The shield of arms of(the kingdom of)Bavariais supported bytwofiercely lookinglions, and contains a smaller center-shield ("inescutcheon") which shows a field of forty-two rhomb-shaped parts ("lozenges") of alternately blue and white tincture. For the latter the wit and the satire of the masses have found the designation "blue and white cuts of bread."4-10.insGesicht(idiom, the definite article for the possess. pronoun), =inseinGesicht.—The meaning is: The cares of official life had gradually taken from him all his individuality, so that he looked now as grim as the lions which support the shield of arms of Bavaria, and his face, wrinkled and furrowed, resembled the center-shield with its many cracks and zigzags.4-11.nicht übel(not bad,not amiss), two negatives take the place of a strong affirmation,very fine-looking.4-12.wanderte(wandered). Note the rhetorical figure of „personification“consisting in representing inanimate objects as endowed with life and action, an idiom not infrequently employed, mainly as a substitute for the passive voice which is less used in German than in English—was putorpacked.4-13.derOpodel´doc(orOpodeldok), a liniment consisting of a solution of soap in alcohol, with the addition of camphor and essential oils—opodeldoc.Page 5.—5-1.derGemsbartorGamsbart(chamois-beard), a name given to the bristles cut from the back of the chamois, when arranged in rosette style and worn as a kind of trophy by chamois-hunters on the left side of their Alpine hats.5-2.elegant´, note the accent.5-3.sei(indirect subj.),was(as she thought).5-4.nicht ganz bei Trost sein(colloq. phrase),not to be in one’s right mind, orto be slightly cracked.5-5.mit der Krone und dem „L“with the small silver-crown(a badge fastened to the caps of government-officials)and beneath it the letter "L"(standing forLandgericht= Provincial Court of Justice).5-6.wäre, conditional subj. afterals, als ob, als wenn, wie wenn.5-7.ihr(dat.), to her =in her opinion.5-8.Mensch, here:common mortal, humorously in contrast toBeamter(office-holder).5-9.vor sichorvor sich hin(a phrase),as to herself.5-10.als(southern dialect =allesorallzeit) forimmer,always.5-11.esgeht fort,cf. Page 3, Note 4.5-12.ichmuß fort. The infinitive of a verb of motion, asgehenorreisen, being implied, an idiom often met with after the modal auxiliariesmüssen, können, sollen, wollen, dürfen, and sometimes afterlassen.Page 6.—6-1.unserngnädigenHerrn;the adj. expresses submission, trans. perhaps:our most honorable judge.6-2.der himmelblaue Postillon. In the era of stage-coaches, thedrivers of hackneyson the royal post-lines of Bavaria worelight blueuniforms.6-3.allerseits,to each and every one of the party, a stereotyped phrase used without discrimination whether there is only one passenger in the stage or more.6-4.Stutt´gart, capital of Württemberg, one of the three states of Southern Germany.6-5.wer ... dem(nominat.der), correlat. pron.,to any one who ...6-6.denen(emphat.) =denjenigen,those.6-7.wenn(indef.), expressing repeated action (=so oft als),when, whenever.6-8.ausdenAugencf. Page 4, Note 10.6-9.dem Schulszepter,cf. Page 3, Note 7.6-10.wären(condit. subj.)gereistfor conditionalwürden ... gereist sein.6-11.wenn,cf. Note 7, above.Page 7.—7-1.es(indef.), trans. perhaps:an expression of happiness, ora gleam of joy.7-2.dächte,cf. Page 5, Note 6.7-3.einem(emphat.E-5),cf. Page 1, Note 8.7-4. dasSalz´kammergut(lit. "Saltexchequer Property," from its rich salt-springs and mines), one of the most picturesque districts of Europe ("The Austrian Switzerland"), lies between the Austrian crown-lands of Salzburg on the West, and Styria on the East.7-5.die Tauernordie hohen Tauern, a lofty mountain-range in Tyrol and on the borders of Salzburg and Carinthia, forming the easternmost division of the Alps.7-6.Kärnthen,Carinthia, a crown-land of the Austrian empire; the capital is Klagenfurt.7-7.wollten zurück,cf. Page 5, Note 12.7-8.Werfen—Lend, two villages on the old post-road from Salzburg to Gastein, since 1875 stations on the Salzburg-Tyrol Railroad ("Gisela R. R.").7-9.so(emphat.) =dergestalt, in einer solchen Weise.7-10.das(emphat. =dies, dieses) refers back to the words„die Studenten waren ... bekannt geworden.“7-11.der eine(idiom.),one of them.7-12.wer ...wohl(adverb idiom.),I wonderwho ...7-13.ward, obsolescent forwurde.7-14.bei seiner Flatterhaftigkeit. Note the pun.Page 8.—8-1. (mir wird wohl=)eswird mir wohloreswird mir wohl zu Mut,I(begin to)feel happy;cf. Page 4, Note 2.8-2.was(colloq. and in poetry) foretwas.8-3.fehlgetroffen,p.p.(lit., missed the mark), the perf. partic. used elliptically in exclamations, trans.:entirely mistaken!orquite out!8-4.Ihr(as pers. pron. of address used in earlier language and in poetry) = modernSie;Herr’n,pl.=Herren, meine Herren!8-5.gefiel´(=gefiele), condit. subj. for conditionalwürde ... gefallen.8-6.Ist nur ... beschert,cf. Page 2, Note 1.8-7.den Studenten,cf. Page 3, Note 7.8-8.die frischen Studentenlieder. “The German students have a superb collection of songs in their ‘Commersbuch,’ some of which are known to Americans through Longfellow’s [and Chas. G. Leland’s] charming translations. Many of the songs are quite old; others bear the names of the most famous poets of Germany.”—James M. Hart in “German Universities.”Page 9.—9-1.dieGastein,the valley of the Gasteiner "Ache"(Lat.AQUA), the latter being a tributary of the Salzach. In this valley, far-famed for its picturesque scenery, is situated "Wildbad Gastein," one of the most fashionable mountain-resorts. (Latin saying:"Gastuna—semper una"=„Es giebt nurein—Gastein.“) From the village of Lend the entrance to the Gastein Valley is made throughdieKlamm(der Klammpaß),a profound and somber gorgein the limestone-rock, through which the river has forced a passage.9-2.Zell am See, a village officially known asZell am Zellersee.9-3.das Pinz´gau(commonly pronounced and sometimes spelled„Pintschgau“), a name given to a district in the crown-land of Salzburg comprising the longitudinal valley of the river Salzach together with its northern and southern lateral valleys.9-4.auf ... zu,up to, orzumay be taken as prefix of compoundzu´schreiten.9-5.sich entschuldigenüber, a rather uncommon construction forsich entschuldigenwegen.9-6.sich(reciproc. pronoun),each otherorone another.9-7.sich(reciproc. pron.), here:from one another.9-8.sich(reciproc. pron.), here:to one another, mutually.9-9.eins(unaccentuated, substantively)singen, familiarly forein Lied singen; comp.eins(a glass)trinken;eins(a game of cards)spielen,jemandemeins(a blow)versetzen, etc.9-10.derPaster´zengletscher,Pasterze-Glacier, in the Tauern Mountains, seven miles in length, the largest glacier in the Eastern Alps. The river Pasterze takes its rise there.9-11.dasFuscherthal,Valley of the(river)Fusch, in the Tauern Mountains.9-12.in verwittertem Lodenkittel, in English with indef. article.Page 10.—10-1.sich(dat.)von der Stirn(idiom., dat. of pers. pron. for possess.) =vonseinerStirn.10-2.wollte, mood? why?cf. Page 5, Note 6.10-3. (hast...)lassen(infinitive) forgelassen(perf. partic.) idiom., with the modal auxiliaries;du hast dich locken lassen(reflexive form in a passive sense as frequently),you could be induced to ...10-4.du hättest(potential subj.)auch,you might just as well have ...10-5.war zu machen, the auxil.seinwithzuand the infinitive is always used in a passive sense,could be done.10-6.daß nit(dialect.) fordaß Sie nicht.10-7.Ihr,you, sometimes used in addressing people of the rural districts, implies neither the familiarity ofDu, nor the formality ofSie.10-8.unsereins, was(indef. neuter for masc. and femin.) =unsereiner, der.10-9. (brächt’s=)brächte es, condit. subj. State the form of the conditional.10-10.habe—mood? why?cf. Page 5, Note 3.10-11.doch(adverb, idiom.),besides; after all; you know.10-12.das Tauernhaus,"The Summit House" in the Tauern Mountains, a chalet where bread, milk, and a guide may be found, also a hay-bed for the night.Page 11.—11-1.sierefers toRast.11-2.das Spitzen(verb-noun = English -ing). Infinitives used substantively take the articledas.11-3.gnädiger Herr!(comp. Page 6, Note 1), here perhaps:My lord!orYour Honor!11-4.doch(adverb, idiom.), here perhaps:I hopeorI suppose.11-5.is(dialect.) forist es.11-6.vor sich hin,cf. Page 5, Note 9.11-7.es wird sein, idiomatic use of the future tense to express probabilityor supposition, with the adverb, idiomsdochorwohladded to bring out the sense more clearly—I hope that it is ...oris it probably ...?Page 12.—12-1.hin(colloq.) fordahinordorthin.12-2.zwanzigBüchsenschuß—nouns of quantity, weight or measure, except feminines in-e, are used in the singular after a numeral—twenty gun-shots, i.e.twenty times the range of a musket-ball.12-3.es werden sein,it is, I think,cf. Page 11, Note 7.12-4. (verarbeitet, pass.)von,by. Participles usually rendered by relative clause.12-5.anden Tischen. Great care must always be taken in rendering the preposition,„an“=on(mostly of time);at, near, near by, by the side of; to(motion). Here = ?12-6.deren(partitive genit. of relat. pron.),cf. Page 1, Note 6.Page 13.—13-1.wären. Account for the mood.13-2.sich(dat. of interest) =für sich.13-3.das Kruzifix—found everywhere in Catholic countries.13-4.einen roten Tyro´ler,a glass of the (red) claret of Tyrol.13-5.manhörte Stimmen.—man(indef. pers. pron.),one, they, people, or better by passive voice withStimmenas subject.13-6. (sie sind’s)=sie sind es("they are it"), idiom. = English?13-7.was tausend!(order tausend!orpotz tausend!) According to "Grimm’s Wörterbuch,"der tausendstands forder Tausendkünstige(the One with thousand tricks), a euphemistic designation of the devil, analog. to English;deuce!Trans.,Good Gracious!13-8.wir wären. The past subj. expresses an assumed (unreal) result—we came very near.13-9.Ihnen(ethical dative), expressing a more remote relation to the person concerned in, or affected by an action or its result—somewhat related to the Engl. expletive „you know“ of the uneducated classes. Not translated.13-10.die letze Artigkeit(ironically), refers to the student’s mentioning dogs and ladies close together.13-11.Jamais(French =niemals),never.—Characteristic of the German students’ colloquial speech is the mixing of German with foreign words and phrases.13-12.als(dialect.),cf. Page 5, Note 10.13-13.nach,after, following, in the direction of, according to, in this sense it always follows its case.Page 14.—14-1.so rot auch,no matter how red...14-2.genommen. Note the omission of the auxiliary; in what clauses only?14-3.die drei Elstern,those three regular magpies.—The magpie as a symbol of garrulity.14-4.Onkel, a customary address in students’ language.14-5.sich(dat. of reciproc. pron.) = ?cf. Page 9, Note 8.Page 15.—15-1.das. Note agreement with grammatical gender ofPärchen.15-2.nur einmal(adverb, idiom), transl. perhaps:just for a moment.15-3.das ist immer das erste(was ich an einem fremden Platze thue, being implied).15-4.schaut’s(=schautes)aus, indef. =things or matters look.15-5.es thutausschauen, familiar paraphrase fores schaut aus.15-6.zum andern(obsol. phrase.),for the second; in the second place; furthermore, besides.15-7.mit dem Schlafen ist esalle(colloq. phrase) =ist es aus,there is no chanceorno prospect for a good night’s sleep.15-8.San´cho Pan´sa, name of the squire and companion of Don Quixote in the Spanish poet’s Cervantes’s romance; trans. perhaps:ministering spirit or valet.15-9.fein(adverb), trans. somewhat like:with a fineorelegant pronunciationoraccent.15-10.es ist gut(colloq. phrase) =es ist abgemacht, es ist genug;it is doneorsettled.15-11.da hinten(there behind),in the room in the rear; in the backroom, in the servants’ hall.15-12.Euch(ethical dat.),cf. Page 13, Note 9.15-13.biedre Leute, refers to a company consisting of guides, hunters, shepherds, etc.Page 16.—16-1.Kerls... (foreign plural formation), colloq. forKerle wie die ...,fellows as agile or lively as the ...16-2.sich. Account for the case.cf. Page 9, Note 8.16-3.kein Wort ist zu verstehen(cf. Page 10, Note 5). The student could not understand the mountaineers, since among themselves they use the dialect of the Alpine districts.16-4.(prasselt’s) = prasseltes(indef.) =das Feuer prasselt.16-5.hier unten,here on the floor of this room.16-6."comment trouvez-vous cela?"(French) =„Was denken Sie davon?“16-7.alle hattensichvereinigt(refl. for pass.),all had been placed together.16-8.am aufgeräumtesten, special form of the superlative, used predicatively,the merriest of all.16-9.es(introductory subject, the logical subject following after the verb),möchten doch die Studenten= die Studenten möchten doch ...Page 17.—17-1.sich. Account for the idiom.cf. Page 16, Note 7.17-2.mein Herr, i.e.der Herr, dessen Führer ich bin,my employer.17-3.der giebt sonst keinen Laut von sich—said with reference to the Assessor’s attitude while crossing the glacier.17-4.sichfände(condit. subj.), for conditional.—Account for the refl. form.17-5.eswaren ... Lieder,cf. Page 16, Note 9.17-6.mir istlieb(lieber, am liebsten), phrase: I like (I like better, I like best).17-7.soll leben!(Lat.:VIVAT!French:VIVE!) a toast:Here’s to ...orTo the health of ...or... forever!17-8.der(emphat.), =dieser; der letztere; er.17-9.nichts(indef. neuter), for masc. and femin.,keiner, keineorniemand,no one; nobody.Page 18.—1-18. An invocation for help toSaint Florian, the patron-saint of those in danger of fire, here humorously uttered on the approach of the red-haired valet of the Englishman.—St. Florian (190-230 A.D.) was a German soldier in the Roman army and for being a Christian was martyred by drowning in the river Enns (Austria) under Emperor Diocletian.18-2.zünd’t= zündet. The subject (erorder Mannorder Kerl hier) to be understood.18-3.Balan´ce, pronounce as in French.18-4. Correct the Englishman’s faulty German.18-5.behag´te(subj. impf.), for conditionalbehagen würdeorsollte.18-6.woher´ des Landes, woher der Männer?The German translation of the first half of the Greek hexameter:τίς πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες;so frequently occurring in Homer: „Who art thou? And of what race of men? And where thy home?“—(William Cullen Bryant.)18-7.sei—mood? why? State the question directly.18-8.konntennicht weiter. Account for the idiom.Cf. Page 5, Note 12.Page 19.—19-1. The second and third stanzas run thus:
NOTES
Page 1.—1-1.daeinen,E-4used as accusative of the indeclinable indefinite personal pronounman,one,them; trans. idiomatically by changing to passive construction,when they(i.e. university-students) are overburdened neither by learning nor by the contents of their pocketbooks.
1-2.Er´langen, town and university of Bavaria, far-famed for its divinity school. Note the difference of accentuation betweenEr´langenanderla´ngen(to get, to obtain).
1-3.ob ... sei, subjunctive of dependent question, narrated indirectly, the tense remaining the same as would be used when stated directly:„Ist die Welt wirklich so rund?“being the direct question.
1-4.derHerrProfessor.Herr(andFrau) added to titles are not translated.
1-5.es(introductory),there.
1-6.ihrer(partitive genitive),of them.
1-7.soverschieden sieauchwaren ...,however muchthey differed from one another ...
1-8.ineinem(numeral, therefore with emphasis) =ineinemPunkte,in one respect.
1-9.des Basses Grundgewalt,the full(fundamental)power of the bass, a quotation from Goethe’s „Faust,“ I, 2085-86:
Wenn das Gewölbe widerschallt,Fühlt man erst rechtdes Basses Grundgewalt.When the vault echoes to the song,One first perceives the bass is deep and strong.(Bayard Taylor.)
Wenn das Gewölbe widerschallt,Fühlt man erst rechtdes Basses Grundgewalt.
When the vault echoes to the song,One first perceives the bass is deep and strong.
(Bayard Taylor.)
1-10.„wassergeprüft,“a literal but unidiomatic translation of the English cognate "waterproof," humorously for„wasserdicht“(Engl. cognate: "watertight").
1-11.Nichte, (in students’ language) forGeliebte,the adored one;love;sweetheart.
1-12."Hotel du Lac"(French ="Lake Hotel"—the French form to be retained in translation), a humorous allusion to the large hotels of the lakes of Switzerland, first-class in appointments and charges, which as a rule bear French names, while the less expensive stopping-places have such old-fashioned and unpretentious names as "The Bear Inn," "The Ox Inn," etc.
Page 2.—2-1.hat man ...,conditional inversion =wenn man ... hat.
2-2.nichts=kein Geld.
2-3.so(here =dann)wird,then the order will beorthe order is given:
2-4.die Gassen, in welchen es noch etwas zu zahlen gab,the streets where they owed money—the idea being: On their way to the railroad-station, the three students wisely evaded such streets where they owed money, fearing that, being seen there, by the heart-rending entreaties of their creditors they might be induced to spend part or all of their travelling money in settling old debts.
2-5.Nr.stands forNummer.
2-6.Bä´deker(Karl) of Leipzig, andMurray(John) of London, well-known editors and publishers, the first named of a German and the other of an English set of guide-books, both uniformly bound in red cloth.
2-7.daran´,refers back to the contents of the preceding sentence,from doing so.
2-8.das(der)Barome´ter, note the accent.
2-9. The question„Wie viel Uhr hat es geschlagen?“("What time is it?") humorously used for„Wie steht es mit dem Wetter?“or„Wie sieht es mit dem Wetter aus?“("What are the weather-prospects?")
2-10.geschlagen.Note the omission of the auxiliary verb in „dependent“ clauses.
2-11.wir reisen, present tense for future, as frequently in German.
2-12.du wirst ... packen, the future sometimes used for an emphatic imperative.
Page 3.—3-1.auf(time, prospectively),for ...
3-2.das andere findet sich(phrase),the rest will come of itself.
3-3.der alte(=derselbe, der gleiche),as of old.
3-4.es(indefinite), here fordie Reiseorwir.
3-5.Dover, seaport in the county of Kent (England), on the Strait of Dover, and on one of the main lines between London and the Continent.
3-6.es, refers toTöchterlein; agreement with grammatical gender;siewould also be correct.
3-7.ihren Blicken, privative sense of dative—from her eyes.
3-8.geht’s=gehtes,cf. Note 4, above.
3-9.Sandhase(sandhare), humorously applied to a native of a flat and sandy district, such as are found in the farthest northwest of Germany.
Page 4.—4-1.schon(adverb. idiom), difficult to render into English, here perhaps:readilyorunhesitatingly.
4-2.es ist mir ... zu Mut(one of the many impersonal phrases),I feel.
4-3. (sag’)nur(adverb. idiom), with an imperative:justtell, ordotell!
4-4.es(introductory)giebt,there is.
4-5.bescheiden,modestly,unassumingly. Note the sly irony.
4-6.Buchau, a fictitious name;der bayrische Wald("the Bavarian Forest"), a wooded mountain-range in Eastern Bavaria.
4-7. Distinguish betweenlange(adj.)JahreandJahrelang(adv.)for years.
4-8.stiller Mondschein(still moonshine), familiarly and jocosely for „slight baldness.“
4-9.das bayrische Wappen.The shield of arms of(the kingdom of)Bavariais supported bytwofiercely lookinglions, and contains a smaller center-shield ("inescutcheon") which shows a field of forty-two rhomb-shaped parts ("lozenges") of alternately blue and white tincture. For the latter the wit and the satire of the masses have found the designation "blue and white cuts of bread."
4-10.insGesicht(idiom, the definite article for the possess. pronoun), =inseinGesicht.—The meaning is: The cares of official life had gradually taken from him all his individuality, so that he looked now as grim as the lions which support the shield of arms of Bavaria, and his face, wrinkled and furrowed, resembled the center-shield with its many cracks and zigzags.
4-11.nicht übel(not bad,not amiss), two negatives take the place of a strong affirmation,very fine-looking.
4-12.wanderte(wandered). Note the rhetorical figure of „personification“consisting in representing inanimate objects as endowed with life and action, an idiom not infrequently employed, mainly as a substitute for the passive voice which is less used in German than in English—was putorpacked.
4-13.derOpodel´doc(orOpodeldok), a liniment consisting of a solution of soap in alcohol, with the addition of camphor and essential oils—opodeldoc.
Page 5.—5-1.derGemsbartorGamsbart(chamois-beard), a name given to the bristles cut from the back of the chamois, when arranged in rosette style and worn as a kind of trophy by chamois-hunters on the left side of their Alpine hats.
5-2.elegant´, note the accent.
5-3.sei(indirect subj.),was(as she thought).
5-4.nicht ganz bei Trost sein(colloq. phrase),not to be in one’s right mind, orto be slightly cracked.
5-5.mit der Krone und dem „L“with the small silver-crown(a badge fastened to the caps of government-officials)and beneath it the letter "L"(standing forLandgericht= Provincial Court of Justice).
5-6.wäre, conditional subj. afterals, als ob, als wenn, wie wenn.
5-7.ihr(dat.), to her =in her opinion.
5-8.Mensch, here:common mortal, humorously in contrast toBeamter(office-holder).
5-9.vor sichorvor sich hin(a phrase),as to herself.
5-10.als(southern dialect =allesorallzeit) forimmer,always.
5-11.esgeht fort,cf. Page 3, Note 4.
5-12.ichmuß fort. The infinitive of a verb of motion, asgehenorreisen, being implied, an idiom often met with after the modal auxiliariesmüssen, können, sollen, wollen, dürfen, and sometimes afterlassen.
Page 6.—6-1.unserngnädigenHerrn;the adj. expresses submission, trans. perhaps:our most honorable judge.
6-2.der himmelblaue Postillon. In the era of stage-coaches, thedrivers of hackneyson the royal post-lines of Bavaria worelight blueuniforms.
6-3.allerseits,to each and every one of the party, a stereotyped phrase used without discrimination whether there is only one passenger in the stage or more.
6-4.Stutt´gart, capital of Württemberg, one of the three states of Southern Germany.
6-5.wer ... dem(nominat.der), correlat. pron.,to any one who ...
6-6.denen(emphat.) =denjenigen,those.
6-7.wenn(indef.), expressing repeated action (=so oft als),when, whenever.
6-8.ausdenAugencf. Page 4, Note 10.
6-9.dem Schulszepter,cf. Page 3, Note 7.
6-10.wären(condit. subj.)gereistfor conditionalwürden ... gereist sein.
6-11.wenn,cf. Note 7, above.
Page 7.—7-1.es(indef.), trans. perhaps:an expression of happiness, ora gleam of joy.
7-2.dächte,cf. Page 5, Note 6.
7-3.einem(emphat.E-5),cf. Page 1, Note 8.
7-4. dasSalz´kammergut(lit. "Saltexchequer Property," from its rich salt-springs and mines), one of the most picturesque districts of Europe ("The Austrian Switzerland"), lies between the Austrian crown-lands of Salzburg on the West, and Styria on the East.
7-5.die Tauernordie hohen Tauern, a lofty mountain-range in Tyrol and on the borders of Salzburg and Carinthia, forming the easternmost division of the Alps.
7-6.Kärnthen,Carinthia, a crown-land of the Austrian empire; the capital is Klagenfurt.
7-7.wollten zurück,cf. Page 5, Note 12.
7-8.Werfen—Lend, two villages on the old post-road from Salzburg to Gastein, since 1875 stations on the Salzburg-Tyrol Railroad ("Gisela R. R.").
7-9.so(emphat.) =dergestalt, in einer solchen Weise.
7-10.das(emphat. =dies, dieses) refers back to the words„die Studenten waren ... bekannt geworden.“
7-11.der eine(idiom.),one of them.
7-12.wer ...wohl(adverb idiom.),I wonderwho ...
7-13.ward, obsolescent forwurde.
7-14.bei seiner Flatterhaftigkeit. Note the pun.
Page 8.—8-1. (mir wird wohl=)eswird mir wohloreswird mir wohl zu Mut,I(begin to)feel happy;cf. Page 4, Note 2.
8-2.was(colloq. and in poetry) foretwas.
8-3.fehlgetroffen,p.p.(lit., missed the mark), the perf. partic. used elliptically in exclamations, trans.:entirely mistaken!orquite out!
8-4.Ihr(as pers. pron. of address used in earlier language and in poetry) = modernSie;Herr’n,pl.=Herren, meine Herren!
8-5.gefiel´(=gefiele), condit. subj. for conditionalwürde ... gefallen.
8-6.Ist nur ... beschert,cf. Page 2, Note 1.
8-7.den Studenten,cf. Page 3, Note 7.
8-8.die frischen Studentenlieder. “The German students have a superb collection of songs in their ‘Commersbuch,’ some of which are known to Americans through Longfellow’s [and Chas. G. Leland’s] charming translations. Many of the songs are quite old; others bear the names of the most famous poets of Germany.”—James M. Hart in “German Universities.”
Page 9.—9-1.dieGastein,the valley of the Gasteiner "Ache"(Lat.AQUA), the latter being a tributary of the Salzach. In this valley, far-famed for its picturesque scenery, is situated "Wildbad Gastein," one of the most fashionable mountain-resorts. (Latin saying:"Gastuna—semper una"=„Es giebt nurein—Gastein.“) From the village of Lend the entrance to the Gastein Valley is made throughdieKlamm(der Klammpaß),a profound and somber gorgein the limestone-rock, through which the river has forced a passage.
9-2.Zell am See, a village officially known asZell am Zellersee.
9-3.das Pinz´gau(commonly pronounced and sometimes spelled„Pintschgau“), a name given to a district in the crown-land of Salzburg comprising the longitudinal valley of the river Salzach together with its northern and southern lateral valleys.
9-4.auf ... zu,up to, orzumay be taken as prefix of compoundzu´schreiten.
9-5.sich entschuldigenüber, a rather uncommon construction forsich entschuldigenwegen.
9-6.sich(reciproc. pronoun),each otherorone another.
9-7.sich(reciproc. pron.), here:from one another.
9-8.sich(reciproc. pron.), here:to one another, mutually.
9-9.eins(unaccentuated, substantively)singen, familiarly forein Lied singen; comp.eins(a glass)trinken;eins(a game of cards)spielen,jemandemeins(a blow)versetzen, etc.
9-10.derPaster´zengletscher,Pasterze-Glacier, in the Tauern Mountains, seven miles in length, the largest glacier in the Eastern Alps. The river Pasterze takes its rise there.
9-11.dasFuscherthal,Valley of the(river)Fusch, in the Tauern Mountains.
9-12.in verwittertem Lodenkittel, in English with indef. article.
Page 10.—10-1.sich(dat.)von der Stirn(idiom., dat. of pers. pron. for possess.) =vonseinerStirn.
10-2.wollte, mood? why?cf. Page 5, Note 6.
10-3. (hast...)lassen(infinitive) forgelassen(perf. partic.) idiom., with the modal auxiliaries;du hast dich locken lassen(reflexive form in a passive sense as frequently),you could be induced to ...
10-4.du hättest(potential subj.)auch,you might just as well have ...
10-5.war zu machen, the auxil.seinwithzuand the infinitive is always used in a passive sense,could be done.
10-6.daß nit(dialect.) fordaß Sie nicht.
10-7.Ihr,you, sometimes used in addressing people of the rural districts, implies neither the familiarity ofDu, nor the formality ofSie.
10-8.unsereins, was(indef. neuter for masc. and femin.) =unsereiner, der.
10-9. (brächt’s=)brächte es, condit. subj. State the form of the conditional.
10-10.habe—mood? why?cf. Page 5, Note 3.
10-11.doch(adverb, idiom.),besides; after all; you know.
10-12.das Tauernhaus,"The Summit House" in the Tauern Mountains, a chalet where bread, milk, and a guide may be found, also a hay-bed for the night.
Page 11.—11-1.sierefers toRast.
11-2.das Spitzen(verb-noun = English -ing). Infinitives used substantively take the articledas.
11-3.gnädiger Herr!(comp. Page 6, Note 1), here perhaps:My lord!orYour Honor!
11-4.doch(adverb, idiom.), here perhaps:I hopeorI suppose.
11-5.is(dialect.) forist es.
11-6.vor sich hin,cf. Page 5, Note 9.
11-7.es wird sein, idiomatic use of the future tense to express probabilityor supposition, with the adverb, idiomsdochorwohladded to bring out the sense more clearly—I hope that it is ...oris it probably ...?
Page 12.—12-1.hin(colloq.) fordahinordorthin.
12-2.zwanzigBüchsenschuß—nouns of quantity, weight or measure, except feminines in-e, are used in the singular after a numeral—twenty gun-shots, i.e.twenty times the range of a musket-ball.
12-3.es werden sein,it is, I think,cf. Page 11, Note 7.
12-4. (verarbeitet, pass.)von,by. Participles usually rendered by relative clause.
12-5.anden Tischen. Great care must always be taken in rendering the preposition,„an“=on(mostly of time);at, near, near by, by the side of; to(motion). Here = ?
12-6.deren(partitive genit. of relat. pron.),cf. Page 1, Note 6.
Page 13.—13-1.wären. Account for the mood.
13-2.sich(dat. of interest) =für sich.
13-3.das Kruzifix—found everywhere in Catholic countries.
13-4.einen roten Tyro´ler,a glass of the (red) claret of Tyrol.
13-5.manhörte Stimmen.—man(indef. pers. pron.),one, they, people, or better by passive voice withStimmenas subject.
13-6. (sie sind’s)=sie sind es("they are it"), idiom. = English?
13-7.was tausend!(order tausend!orpotz tausend!) According to "Grimm’s Wörterbuch,"der tausendstands forder Tausendkünstige(the One with thousand tricks), a euphemistic designation of the devil, analog. to English;deuce!Trans.,Good Gracious!
13-8.wir wären. The past subj. expresses an assumed (unreal) result—we came very near.
13-9.Ihnen(ethical dative), expressing a more remote relation to the person concerned in, or affected by an action or its result—somewhat related to the Engl. expletive „you know“ of the uneducated classes. Not translated.
13-10.die letze Artigkeit(ironically), refers to the student’s mentioning dogs and ladies close together.
13-11.Jamais(French =niemals),never.—Characteristic of the German students’ colloquial speech is the mixing of German with foreign words and phrases.
13-12.als(dialect.),cf. Page 5, Note 10.
13-13.nach,after, following, in the direction of, according to, in this sense it always follows its case.
Page 14.—14-1.so rot auch,no matter how red...
14-2.genommen. Note the omission of the auxiliary; in what clauses only?
14-3.die drei Elstern,those three regular magpies.—The magpie as a symbol of garrulity.
14-4.Onkel, a customary address in students’ language.
14-5.sich(dat. of reciproc. pron.) = ?cf. Page 9, Note 8.
Page 15.—15-1.das. Note agreement with grammatical gender ofPärchen.
15-2.nur einmal(adverb, idiom), transl. perhaps:just for a moment.
15-3.das ist immer das erste(was ich an einem fremden Platze thue, being implied).
15-4.schaut’s(=schautes)aus, indef. =things or matters look.
15-5.es thutausschauen, familiar paraphrase fores schaut aus.
15-6.zum andern(obsol. phrase.),for the second; in the second place; furthermore, besides.
15-7.mit dem Schlafen ist esalle(colloq. phrase) =ist es aus,there is no chanceorno prospect for a good night’s sleep.
15-8.San´cho Pan´sa, name of the squire and companion of Don Quixote in the Spanish poet’s Cervantes’s romance; trans. perhaps:ministering spirit or valet.
15-9.fein(adverb), trans. somewhat like:with a fineorelegant pronunciationoraccent.
15-10.es ist gut(colloq. phrase) =es ist abgemacht, es ist genug;it is doneorsettled.
15-11.da hinten(there behind),in the room in the rear; in the backroom, in the servants’ hall.
15-12.Euch(ethical dat.),cf. Page 13, Note 9.
15-13.biedre Leute, refers to a company consisting of guides, hunters, shepherds, etc.
Page 16.—16-1.Kerls... (foreign plural formation), colloq. forKerle wie die ...,fellows as agile or lively as the ...
16-2.sich. Account for the case.cf. Page 9, Note 8.
16-3.kein Wort ist zu verstehen(cf. Page 10, Note 5). The student could not understand the mountaineers, since among themselves they use the dialect of the Alpine districts.
16-4.(prasselt’s) = prasseltes(indef.) =das Feuer prasselt.
16-5.hier unten,here on the floor of this room.
16-6."comment trouvez-vous cela?"(French) =„Was denken Sie davon?“
16-7.alle hattensichvereinigt(refl. for pass.),all had been placed together.
16-8.am aufgeräumtesten, special form of the superlative, used predicatively,the merriest of all.
16-9.es(introductory subject, the logical subject following after the verb),möchten doch die Studenten= die Studenten möchten doch ...
Page 17.—17-1.sich. Account for the idiom.cf. Page 16, Note 7.
17-2.mein Herr, i.e.der Herr, dessen Führer ich bin,my employer.
17-3.der giebt sonst keinen Laut von sich—said with reference to the Assessor’s attitude while crossing the glacier.
17-4.sichfände(condit. subj.), for conditional.—Account for the refl. form.
17-5.eswaren ... Lieder,cf. Page 16, Note 9.
17-6.mir istlieb(lieber, am liebsten), phrase: I like (I like better, I like best).
17-7.soll leben!(Lat.:VIVAT!French:VIVE!) a toast:Here’s to ...orTo the health of ...or... forever!
17-8.der(emphat.), =dieser; der letztere; er.
17-9.nichts(indef. neuter), for masc. and femin.,keiner, keineorniemand,no one; nobody.
Page 18.—1-18. An invocation for help toSaint Florian, the patron-saint of those in danger of fire, here humorously uttered on the approach of the red-haired valet of the Englishman.—St. Florian (190-230 A.D.) was a German soldier in the Roman army and for being a Christian was martyred by drowning in the river Enns (Austria) under Emperor Diocletian.
18-2.zünd’t= zündet. The subject (erorder Mannorder Kerl hier) to be understood.
18-3.Balan´ce, pronounce as in French.
18-4. Correct the Englishman’s faulty German.
18-5.behag´te(subj. impf.), for conditionalbehagen würdeorsollte.
18-6.woher´ des Landes, woher der Männer?The German translation of the first half of the Greek hexameter:τίς πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες;so frequently occurring in Homer: „Who art thou? And of what race of men? And where thy home?“—(William Cullen Bryant.)
18-7.sei—mood? why? State the question directly.
18-8.konntennicht weiter. Account for the idiom.Cf. Page 5, Note 12.
Page 19.—19-1. The second and third stanzas run thus: